Lab Report Disc 5.1 and 6.1

5.
1 Laboratory Report: Basic Chemistry

Thermodynamics
Energy is one of the big societal issues of our day, but what exactly is energy? You will learn the essential
thermodynamic concepts of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy in this simulation. Additionally,
you will determine a chemical compound's internal energy using bomb calorimetry, and you will travel
inside the calorimeter to observe it in action!
What is the most efficient method of storing energy? There is no clear answer, but this simulation will
inspire you to consider it while also learning about the fundamental nature of energy and its relationship
to chemical reactions. Utilizing a bomb calorimeter, you will determine whether the gasoline component
octane is a viable chemical for energy storage.
This simulation introduces the first and second laws of thermodynamics, as well as the fundamental
concepts of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. You can experiment with reactants and products'
energy levels on a virtual energy surface to learn about endothermic and exothermic processes. In an
interactive game, the concept of reaction spontaneity is connected to the concept of Gibbs free energy
and its temperature dependency is investigated. You will have access to a state-of-the-art bomb
calorimeter and will be able to travel inside to observe it in action, allowing you to truly grasp how it
works. From here, the concept of chemical bond energy is connected to thermodynamic calculations of
the calorimeter's output enthalpy.
Throughout the simulation, you will integrate fundamental thermodynamic principles with the
calorimeter's experimental results.
6.1 Laboratory Report: Redox Reaction
This practical has been split into 6 parts.
Firstly, 5cm of iron (II) sulphate solution and 2cm of dilute sulphuric acid were added into a 3 3 tes t
tube. Followed by a dropwise addition of 2cm of potassium (VII) manganate. 3 Observations of the
addition of potassium (VII) manganate were then noted as the manganate ions (MnO 4 ) acted as
oxidising agents thus oxidising the iron (II) ions (Fe ). After - 2+ this, the solution was div ided into two
separate test tubes. To one, a few drops of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solution was added and to
the other, potassium thiocyanate solution. These reagents confirmed the presence of the products
formed by the change in colour of the two solutions. The second experiment follows, 5cm of potassium
iodide solution and 2cm of bromine 3 3 water were put together in a test tube. The product of this
reaction was tested b y adding a few drops of starch solution to test for iodine ions (I ). An observation
of this reaction was - then noted. Following this, 2cm of iron (III) chloride solution was added into a test
tube followed by 3 2cm 3 of potassium iodide. The resulting solution was split equally into two test
tubes. To one, starch solution was added to test for I and to the other, sodium thiosulphate was - added
until no further colour chang e occurred followed by adding a few drops of potassium ferricyanide
(potassium hexacyanoferrate (III)) solution to confirm the presence of iron (II) ions. The colour changes
of these reactions were observed.
Experiment four consisted of adding 2cm sodium sulphite solution into a test tube as well as 3 2cm 3 of
dilute sulphuric acid and 1cm of potassium dichromate. This resulting solution was 3 then warmed
gently by placing the test tube int o a beaker of warm water whilst swirling the tes t tube in order to
speed up the reaction. The dichromate ions (Cr 2 O 7 ) act as oxidising 2- agents and so results in a
colour change which was observed. Experiment five consisted of adding 5cm of concentrated
hydrochloric acid in a boiling tube 3 and 5cm of potassium manganate (VII) solution. The resulting
solution was a lso warmed 3 gently by placing the test tube in a beaker of warm water. An observation
of the co lour change was made followed by a test of the gas evolved. A damp universal indicator paper
was placed over the top of the boiling tube and the colour of the paper indicated the pH of the gas.
Lastly, experiment six comprised of adding 2cm of sodium sulphite solution as well as 2cm 3 3 of
chlorine water. The products of the reaction was then tested by adding a few drops of barium chloride
solution and an observation was made.

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5.

1 Laboratory Report: Basic Chemistry

6.1 Laboratory Report: Redox Reaction

This practical has been split into 6 parts.

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