U1-L3Variables in Quantitative Research
U1-L3Variables in Quantitative Research
Lesson 3
Variables in Quantitative Research
Why is there a
need to
understand the
different variables
in research?
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● Differentiate the kinds of variables
used in quantitative research and their
uses.
● Apply the different variable concepts
in research appropriately.
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1. How do you think our body changes when we eat nutritious
food and exercise regularly?
2. What do you think causes our body to become unhealthy?
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Variables in Quantitative Research
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Different Variables can be categorized
Types of depending on the level of
Variables
measurement and role.
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Why is it
important to
understand the
roles of variables
in research?
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Independent and Dependent
Variables
Roles of
The independent variable, also called
Variables
causal variable, is presumed to cause
the change towards another variable,
which is known as the dependent
variable or the outcome variable.
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The independent variable may influence another
variable to change. In experimental research,
independent variables may also be manipulated to
examine the specific effect they may have toward the
dependent variable.
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The dependent variables are the variables that are
influenced by the independent variables.
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Example:
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Example:
How do you think the different coaching styles affect the win streak
of volleyball teams?
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Mediating Variables
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Example
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A mediating variable may act as a dependent
variable and independent variable at the same time.
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Moderating Variables
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A mediating variable should act as a dependent
variable with respect to the independent variable and
may also cause change to the dependent variable,
while a moderating variable must not be directly
affected by the independent variable and should not
result to it in any way.
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Extraneous Variables
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● Level of measurement can be classified into two:
categorical and continuous measures of variables.
● A categorical variable is further categorized into
nominal and ordinal levels, while a continuous
variable is categorized into interval and ratio
levels.
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Categorical Variables
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Categorical Variables
Some examples are year of graduation, brands of bags, and food preference.
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Continuous Variables
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Continuous Variables
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Continuous Variables
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List down as many variables as you can with
the given phenomena:
Practice ● Climate change
● Political system in the Philippines
● Low customer retention
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Quick Check
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Quick Check
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Quick Check
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Variables are anything that can be subjects for
observation done by the researcher.
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