EXPANSION

Summary:

(i) To expand is to remove the brackets from an expression. Thus in expanded form
a(x + 5) = ax + 5a

(ii) To multiply two brackets, the first bracket is multiplied by each term in the
second bracket

EXAMPLES:

1. Remove the brackets and simplify :

a(3x  5)  x a  2a 
(i)  x  (ii)(x + 5)(x + 3) (iii) (3x + 2)(x 4)

2
2 2 a 1  ax 
(iv) 5(x  3)(3x  2) (v) (x  5) (vi) (2x  3) (vii)  2 
2 2

x 
1  x
  1  x
  1  x  1 
(viii)  x (ix)  x (x)  x  x

2 2
(xi) (a  b) (xii) (a  b) (xiii) (a  b)(a  b)

QUADRATIC IDENTITIES

Summary:

The following expansions result into:

2 2 2
(i) (a  b)  a  2ab  b

2 2 2
(ii) (a  b)  a  2ab  b

2 2
(iii) (a  b)(a  b)  a  b

1
EXAMPLES:
2 2 2
1.Use the result (a  b)  a  2ab  b , to evaluate the following:
2 2 2
(i) (102) (ii) (10  3) (iii) (201)

Soln:

i) If (a  b)2  a 2  2ab  b 2 ,
(

 (102)2  (100  2)2  1002  2(100)(2) 2 2

 10000  400  4
 10404
2 2 2
2.Use the result (a  b)  a  2ab  b , to evaluate the following:
2 2 2
(i) (99) (ii) (9 7) (iii) (91)

Soln:

i) If (a  b)2  a 2  2ab  b 2 ,
(

 (99)2  (100  1)2  1002  2(100)(1) 12

 10000  200  1
 9801
2 2
3. If x + 6 x − 91 = ( x + a ) + b, find the values of a and b
2
4. Express x  6x  12 in the form (x  a)  b
2

2
5. Express 3x  9x  30 in the form a(x  b)  c.
2

2
6. Given that x  y  5 and xy = 4, find the values of:

2 2
(i) x  y

(ii) x  y

x  1  3,
7. If x find the values of:

x2  1 x  1
2
(i) x (ii) x

3
8. Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of (2x  5)
2

9. Find the coordinates of point P on the xaxis which is equidistant from the
points A(5, 9) and B(4, 6)

10. Find the equation of the locus of points equidistant from point P(6, 0) and
Q(8, 4)

EER:

1. Expand the following expressions:

(i) (2x + 5)(x + 3) (ii) (3x + 2)(4x 7) (iii) 3(x  4)(5x  3)

v) (x  y)2 (v) (x  y)
2
(vi) (x  y)(x  y)
(i
2
2. Make P the subject in the given formula p  (p  q)(p  r)

 
2
 p  1 
4. Expand the expression 
p

3
 2

 2 h 
3
h 1
5. Expand the expression  3 

2 2
x
  1    x  1 
6. Simplify the expression  x  x

2
7. (i) Write down the expansion of (a  b)
2
(ii)Use the result in (i) above to evaluate (10  6)
3
8. Expand and simplify (3  x)
2
9. Express 2x  7x  30 in the form a(x  b)  c.
2

2 2
10. If 3x  9x  30  a(x  b)  c, find the vales of a, b and c
2 2
11. Given that x  y  29 and x + y = 3, find the values of:

2 2
(i) x  2xy  y

(ii) 2xy
2 2
(iii) x  2xy  y

(iv) x  y, hence solve for x and y

x 2  1  27, x  1
2
12. If x find the values of x

2
13. Express 2x  7x  30 in the form a(x  b)  c.
2

2 2
14. If (3x  4)  9x  ax  b, find the vales of a and b
2 2
15. If x  y  8 and xy = 10, find the value of x  y
4
 2 2
16. If (x  b)  x  20x  a, find the vales of a and b
2 2
17. If 4x  32x  k  20  a(x  b) , find the value of k

18. Find the coordinates of point P on the yaxis which is equidistant from the
points A(5, 2) and B(3, 2)

19. A point P(x, y) moves such that its distance from the origin, O is equal to its
distance from the point Q(1, 2). Find the locus (equation) relating x and y.

FACTORING BY GROUPING

Summary:

1. (i) To factorise is to write the expression as a product of its factors. Thus in

2 2 2
factorised form 3x  6x  3x(x  2) and 8ab  12a b  4ab(2b  3a)

(ii) To factorise by grouping, an expression must have four terms

2. This method of factoring is performed as follows:

(i) Factor out the HCF if any

(ii) Group the terms with common factors

(iii) Factor each group

EXAMPLES:

1. Factorise the following expressions completely:

(i) ah + ak + bh + bk (ii) 6mx  3nx + 2my  ny

2 2
(iii) 6x y  2xy  27x  9y (iv) 6ah  3ak + bk  2bh
3 3 2 2
(vi) 2ab  3 + 2a  3b (vii) 2b  3a  3ab  2a b

2. Without using a calculator or tables, evaluate:

5
 (i) 025  2195  1795  025 (ii) 65  436 + 65  372  65  708

2
30252  3015  3025
(iii) 3  142  3  042  3  142 (iv) 00025

2135  4135  21352

(v) 002

EER:

1. Factorise the following expressions completely:

2 2
(i) ac  2ab  3bc  6b (ii) 3a  2ab  12ac  8bc
4 3 2
(iv) 4q  8q  12q  24q
3 3 2
(iii) 2a  2ab  b  ab
3 3 2 3
2
(v) 2 a + 4 ab + 3 ac +¿ 6 bc ¿ (vi) 4 xy − x − yx +¿ 4 y ¿
3 2
(vii) 3 x + 7 x + 12 x + ¿ 28 ¿ (viii) 5 x + 10y − ax −¿ 2 ay ¿

2. Without using a calculator or tables, evaluate: 035  2595  2495  035

3. Use factors to evaluate: 14  398  198  14

4. Use factors to evaluate: 617  793 + 786  793 + 597  793

5. Without using a table or a calculator, evaluate: 3⋅2 × 758 − 658 × 3⋅2

6. By first removing the brackets, factorise completely

3 ph( 1
3p
−
2q
h )
− 6q −
h
3
p
2q ( )

6
 THE DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES

Summary:
2 2
The result a  b  (a  b)(a  b) is called the difference of two squares

EXAMPLES:
2 2
1. Show that (x  y)(x  y)  x  y

2. Factorise the following expressions completely:

2 2
(i) p  q
2 2 2
(ii) x  9 (iii) x  1 (iv) 25x  16
2 2 2 2 3 2
(vi) 16x  25y (vii) 3x  27y (viii) 50x  18xy
2
(v) 9x  1

x2  1 3x 2  1 4 4
(xii) x  y
2
(ix) 8x 2  72 (x) x (xi) 3

4 4 4 5
(xiii) x  1 (xiv) ax  a (xv) x  16 (xvi) 81x  x

3. Factorise the following expressions completely:

2 2 3 2 3 2
(i) a  b  2a  2b (ii) x  3x  16x  48 (iii) 18x  9x  2x  1

7
 2 3 3 2 2 2
(iv) 2p q  pq  pq  2p q (v) (2x  9)  25 (vi) (2x  5)  81
2 2
(vii) (2x  1)  (x  5)

4. Without using a calculator or tables, evaluate:

2 2 2 2 2 2
(i) 251  250 (ii) 7  46  2  54 (iii) 5  2  3  75  5  2  1  25

2 2 68752  31252
(iv) 67⋅68 − 53⋅6 × 48⋅69 − 32⋅32 + 38⋅69 × 53⋅6 (v) 375

6512  2812 321352  178652

(vi) 0932  74 (vii) 07135

5. Given that a  b  63 and a  b  21, find the values of:

2 2

(i) a  b (ii) a and b

2 2
6. Given that x  y  135 and x  y  9, find the values of x and y

7. Given that x  y  5 and xy = 4, find the values of:

2 2
(i) x  y

(ii) x  y

x2  y2
(iii)

x  1  3,
8. If x find the values of:

x2  1
2
(i) x

8
 x  1
(ii) x

x2  1
2
(iii) x

EER:
2
1. Factorise completely 27 − 3 x
2 2
2. Factorise completely 32 x − 18y
4
3. Factorise completely 2a − 162
3 2
4. Factorise completely x − 3 x − x+ 3

2 2
5. Factorise completely x − y + 3 x + 3y

6. Factorise completely 567 − 28y 2

4
7. Factorise completely 3p − 48

8. By first removing the brackets, factorise completely y(ay  x) + x(y ax)

9. Without using a calculator or tables, evaluate the following:

2 2 2 2 2 2
(i) 102 − 98 (ii) 351 − 350 (iii) 495 − 5
2 2 2 2
(iv) 3⋅1 − 1⋅9 (v) 7⋅46 − 2⋅54 (vi)
2 2
6⋅25 − 3⋅75
10. Without using a calculator or tables, evaluate: 0⋅25

305 2  195 2
11. Without using a calculator or tables, evaluate: 11

9
12. Factorise the following expressions completely:
2 2 2 2
(i) 4 x − 1 (iii) 9 x − 16
2
(ii) 7 − 63x (iv) 9x − 4y
2 3 3 2
(v) 4 x − 9
2 2 2
(vi) x − x y (vii) 50x − 18 x y (viii) 3x − 27y
2 y2
x − 1
2
a − 1
2 4x − 4
(ix) 9 (x) 4 (xi) 100 ( xii) ax − a
4 4 2 2
(xiii) a  b
2 2
(xiv) x − y − x − y (xv) x − x + y + y
2 2
13. Factorize p  q , hence find the value of 7  3  2  7
2 2

2 2
14. Given that x  y  16 and x  y  9, find the values of x and y

2
− y = 33 and x − y = 3, find the values of x and y
2
15. Given that x
2 2
16. Given that x  y  24 and x  y  12, find the values of x and y
2
17 Factorise completely 2 a − 32
3
18. Factorise completely 3 x − 12 x
3 2
19. Factorise completely 8 a − 18 b
3 2 3
20. Factorise completely 3 x + y x − 12 x y 2− 4 y
3 2
21. Factorise completely 2 x − 50 xy
2 2
22. Factorise completely 9( x + y) − x

FACTORING QUADRATICS

Summary:

10
 2
1. A quadratic expression is written in the form ax  bx  c
2
2. The following apply when factoring a quadratic expression ax  bx  c :

(i) Find two numbers which multiply to give ac and add up to b

(ii) Replace b with the sum of those numbers

(iii) Factor the terms by grouping

EXAMPLES:

1. Factorise the following expressions completely:

2 2 2
(i) 3x  11x  6 (ii) 5x  13x  6 (iii) 3x  4x  15

2 2 2
(iv) x  2x  15 (v) x  6x  9 (vi) x  4x  3
2 2
(ix) 3x  4xy  y
2 2 2
(vii) x  5x  6 (vii) a  2ab  b

2 2 4
x) 2y 2  3xy  2x 2 2 2
(xi) 20x y  xy  1 (xii) 6 p + pq − 2 q
(

2. Factorise the following expressions completely:

2 2
(i) 25  (x  2xy  y )
2 2
(ii) a  b  4  2ab
2
(iii) a  5a  36  ay  4y
2
(iv) a  2ab  5a  2b  4
2 2
(v) ( x − 5 x) − 36

3. Simplify the following fractions as far as possible:

11
 x2  9 18x2  2 x 2  8x  15
i) 5x  13x  6
2 (ii) 3x 2  2x  1 (iii) x 2  25
(
3x2  x  4 3x2  4x  15
(iv) 5x2  7x  2 (v) 5x2  9x  18

2x2  x  6  1 ax + b
4. Express x 4
2 x  2 in the form cx + d

2  4  24(x  4) a
5. Express x  4 x  3 x  x  12 in the form x + b

2x2  x  2 ax + b
6. Express 4x  1
2 2x  1 in the form cx + d

x + 1 x + 4 ax + b
−
7. Express x + 2 3x + 6 in the form cx + d

EER:

1. Factorise the following expressions completely:

2 2 2
(i) 5 x − 11x + 2 (ii) x + 2 x − 15 (iii) x + 8 x + 16
2 2 2
(iv) 25 x − 10 x + 1 (v) x − 5 x + 6 (vi) a − 2 ab +
2
b

2 3 2
(vii) 9 x − 12 x + 4
2
(viii) 2x − 2 x − 4 x (ix) 2x − 21 x y − 50y
2

2 2 2 2 2 2
(x) x − 15 x y + 56y (xi) 12x − 17 x y + 5y (ix) 2x y + 13 x y + 15
2 2
2. By first simplifying the expression factorise completely 6y  11y  6  (2y  3)
2
3. By first simplifying the expression factorise completely ( 4 − x ) − 2 x
2
4. Factorise 35 − 2 a −a

12
 2
5. Factorise 120 − 7 x − x

3
6. Factorise completely 2x + 5 x y − 12 xy
2 2

2 2
7. Factorise x y − 8 x y − 48

2 2 4
8. Factorise 6x + x y − 2y
4 2
9. Factorise completely 2x − 7 x − 4

2
10. Factorise completely y − 2 yb − 5 y + 2 b + 4

11. Simplify the following fractions as far as possible:

2 2 2
9x − 1 x + 6 x − 16 x+ x − 2
2 2 2

(i) 3x + 2 x − 1 (ii) x− 4 (iii) x − x − 6

2 1
a− a +
4 2
2
x − 2x − 3 2 1
3x − 4 x y + y 2
a− 2
2

(iv) x − x − 2 (v) 4 (vi) 9x − y 2

2y − 3 x y − 2 x 2
2
9a y − 16b 2 y 3
2
2
6a − 3ab − 2a − a
4y − x2
2 2

(ix) 4by − 3ay

2

(vii) (viii) a + ab
2 2
x + 2x x + 2x 1
3 , 3 =
12. Simplify x − x 2
− 6x hence solve x − x 2
− 6x 4

4 +
1 −
7 a
13. Express x+5 x−2 2
x + 3x − 10 in the form x + b

2  5x  3 ax  b
3x  2 2
9x  4 in the form cx 2  d
14. Express
7 −
x + 5 a
15. Express x− 2 2
x − 3x + 2 in the form x + b

13
 2  8x  4 ax
x  2 2 2
x  4 in the form x  b
16. Express

SOLVING QUADRATIC BY FACTORING

Summary:
2
1. A quadratic equation is written in the form ax  bx  c  0

2. A quadratic equation has two solutions often called the roots of the equation. It
is possible for the two solutions to be the same

3. This method uses the fact that if mn = 0, then m = 0 or n = 0

EXAMPLES:

1. Solve the following equations:

2 2 2
(i) 2x  7x  6  0 (ii) x  x  12 (iii) x  12x  36  0

2 2 3 2
(iv) x  5x  0 (v) 5x  3x (vi) 5x  5x  10x  0

(x  4)(x  2)  48 x  2  3 1  4  3
(vii) (vii) x (ix) x  1 x

1  1  5 1  21  2
(x) x  1 2x 4 (xi) x  2 x  4 5

x  1  5x  13  0
(xii) x  2 x2  x  2

2
2. Factorise 25x  64, hence solve the equation 25x  64  0
2

2 2 2 2
3. Factorise ( x − 5 x) − 36, hence solve the equation ( x − 5 x) − 36 = 0

14
4. Solve the following equations:
2
(iii) (2x  9)  25
2 2
(i) x  16  0 (ii) 81x  64  0

2 2 2
(iv) (2x  5)  81  0 (v) (2x  1)  (x  5)  0

SOLVING QUADRATIC BY FORMULA

Summary:

2 x  b  b 2  4ac
If ax  bx  c  0, then 2a

EXAMPLES:

1. Solve the following equations:

2 2 2
(i) 2x  7x  6  0 (ii) 3x  4x  15 (iii) x  x  12  0

x  x1  1
(iv) x  1 3x  1 4

EER:
2 2
1. Factorise x + 6 x − 91, hence solve the equation x + 6 x − 91 = 0
2
2. Use the factorisation method to solve the equation:3 x − 19 x − 14 = 0
2
3. Factorise 25 x − 36, 2
hence solve the equation 25 x − 36 = 0

2
4. Given that p q = p + 2pq − q, find the values of:

(i) 2 9

(ii) p if p 4 = 29
15
 x2 u
= ,
5. If x+ c w make x the subject of the formula

2
6. Solve the equation: 6x  5x  6

2x  7  15
x
7. Solve the equation

x  1  7x  13
8. Solve the equation: x  1 6x  1

9. Solve the following equations:

2 2 2
(i) x − 3 x = 0 (ii) x − 5 x + 6 = 0 (iii) 8 x − 10 x + 3 = 0
2 2 2
(iv) x + 5 x = 0 (v) x − 9 = 0 (vi) 25 x − 36 = 0
2 2 2
(vii) x + 6 x + 9 = 0 (viii) x + 7 x + 12 = 0 (ix) 10x + 19 x + 6 = 0
2 2
(xii) (2 x + ¿ 5) − ( x − 2) = 0 ¿
2
(x) 4 x − 12 x + 9 = 0 (xi) x( x − 1)¿ 6
(xiii) ( x − ¿ 3)(x − 2)= 12 ¿

10. Solve the following equations:

10 x 8 x 2
x = = ¿ − = 1
(i) 3 + x (ii) x+3 x +¿ 6 (iii) x+3 x
x − 3 5 15− x
2
1 −
1 =
1¿
= x =
(vi) x − ¿ 1 6
2
(iv) 2 x (v) 2 x − 1
x + 1 − 1 x 3x x 2 1
= =
x
¿ ¿ − = ¿¿
(vii) 2x +¿ 5 3 (viii) 2 x −¿ 5 11
x +
(ix) x −¿ 1 x x −¿ 1

2
1 x + 4 2 5
+ x
= 1¿ + = ¿¿
(x) 3 x −¿ 4 x+ 1 (xi)
2
x − 4 x + ¿ 2 x − ¿2

4− x
x + 3 + 3
= ¿
(xii) x −¿ 1 x −1

SOLVING QUADRATIC BY COMPLETING SQUARES

Summary:

16
 2
(i) A quadratic perfect square is written in the form a(x  b)

(ii) In completing squares, the original equation is first expressed in the form
a(x  b)2  c  0 and then solved

EXAMPLES:
2
1. Express x  8x  20 in the form (x  a)  b. Hence solve the equation
2

x 2  8x  20  0.

2
2. Express x  6x  91 in the form (x  a)  b. Hence solve the equation
2

x 2  6x  91  0.

2
3. Express 2x  7x  30 in the form a(x  b)  c. Hence solve the equation
2

2x 2  7x  30  0.

2
4. Express 3x  9x  30 in the form a(x  b)  c. Hence solve the equation
2

3x 2  9x  30  0.

2
5. Solve the equation 3x  7x  2  0 by the method of completing squares
2
6. Given that 4x  12x  k is a perfect square, find the value of k

EER:
2 2
1. If x + 8 x − 20 = ( x + a ) + b, find the values of a and b

QUADRATIC WORD POBLEMS

17
EXAMPLES:
2
1. A rectangle of length (3x + 1)cm and width (3x  2)cm has an area of 130cm .
Find the dimensions and perimeter of the rectangle

2. A man is 22 years older than his son. The product of their ages is 240 years.
Find their present ages
5x + 7

2
3. Find the values of x for which the fraction x + 5 x +6 is undefined

4. The distance between the point (k, k+2) and the origin is 10 units. Find the
possible values of k

5. Find the value of n in the following equations:

212n  25 223n  63ten

(i) nine (ii)

6. Solve the following simultaneous equations:

(i) 2x  y  5 (ii) 6x  7y  4 (iii) x  3y  10

xy  12 x 2  y 2  13 3x 2  5y 2  16xy

7. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the line y = 2  3x and the

2
curve y  x  4x

8. Find the area of a right triangle whose hypotenuse is 13cm long and its
perimeter is 30cm.

9. The cost of n pens is Shs 7,500. This same amount of money can buy five extra
pens if a discount of Shs 50 per pen is given. Find the cost of each pen

10. A basin can be filled by tap P in 10 minutes less than Q. If the two taps take 12
minutes to fill this basin when they are turned on at once, find the time taken by
each tap separately to fill the basin.

11. A train takes two hours less for a journey of 300km if its speed is increased by
5kmh  1 from its normal speed. Find its normal speed

18
12. ABCD is a rectangle in which AB = 12cm, BC = 7cm and AK = BL = CM

= DN = y cm. K
A B

N L

D M C
2
If the area of KLNM is 45cm , find the value of y
FORMING A QUADRATIC EQUATION
Summary:
2
The relation x  (sum of roots)x  product of roots  0 is used to form a
quadratic equation whose roots are known

EXAMPLES:
1. Form a quadratic equation whose roots are 2 and 3

2. Form a quadratic equation whose roots are 5 and 2

3. Form a quadratic equation whose solution set is 7, 3

1
4. Form a quadratic equation whose roots are 2 and 3

EER:

1. The length of a rectangular floor is 8 metres longer than its width. If the area of
2
the floor is 65m , find the dimensions and perimeter of the floor.

125n  85ten ,
2. If find the value of n

3. A number exceeds four times its reciprocal by 3. Find the number.

4. Find the area of a right triangle whose hypotenuse is 34cm long and its
perimeter is 80cm.

19
5. Find the number which when added to its square gives a total of 42

6. Find the dimensions of the rectangle whose diagonal is 10cm long and its length
exceeds the width by 2cm.
2
7. Find the dimension of a rectangle whose area is 72cm and its perimeter is
34cm.
124n  310 ,
8. If four find the base that n represents

x2  x  3 2
9. Express 4 in the form (x  p)  q. Hence solve the equation
x 2  x  3  0.
4
10. Solve for y in the following equations:

 y
y
27  3 2y   3  2
(i)   (ii) (16)
y  8 4y  3

 x 
p  x  2 ,
 
11. Given that vector   find the possible values of x for which p  10

12. The distance between the points (4, 8) and (1, k) is 5 units. Find the possible
values of k
2
13. A rectangle of length (4x  1)cm and width 2x cm has an area of 10cm .
Find:
(i) the value of x
(ii) its length and width
(iii) its perimeter

2
14. Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve y  5x  13
and the line y = 7.

15. A right angled triangle of base (x  4)cm and height (x  2)cm has a
hypotenuse of xcm long. Find:

(i) the value of x

20
(ii) its dimensions
(iii) its perimeter and area

16. A right angled triangle of base xcm and height (x  7)cm has a hypotenuse of
(x + 1)cm long. Find:

(i) the value of x

(ii) its base and height
(iii) its perimeter and area
2
17. Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve y  x  5x and
the line y + 6 = 0

18. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of line y  5x + 9 = 0 and the
2
curve y =¿ x − 3 ¿
5x + 7

2
¿
19. Find the values of x for which the fraction x − x −¿ 12 is undefined

20. A group of people planned to contribute equally towards a water project which
needed Shs 2,000,000 to complete. However, 40 members of the group withdrew
from the project. As a result, each of the remaining members was to contribute
Shs 2500 more.
(a) Find the original number of members in the group
(b) Forty five percent of the value of the project was donated by the Development
Bank. Calculate the amount required to be contributed by each of the remaining
members of the group
(c) Members contribution was in terms of labour provided and money contributed.
The ratio of the value of labour to the money contributed was 6:19, calculate the
total amount of money contributed by the members

21. The figure below shows an Lshaped carpet ABCDEF in which CD = 2m,

BC = EF = (3x  2)m and AF = (2x + 5)m.

(3x 2)m
F E

(2x + 5)m D 2m C
21
(3x 2)m
 2
Given that the area of the carpet is 25m ,
2
(a) Show that 6 x + 17 x − 39 = 0

(b) Calculate the:

(i) length of the longest side of the carpet

(ii) perimeter of the carpet

GRAPHING QUADRATIC CURVES

Summary:

1. (i) By drawing a suitable line, a quadratic graph can be used to solve related
equations

(ii) The solution to the equation are the xvalues at the point where the graphs
meet

2. The appropriate line is obtained as follows:

(i) Compare the equation to that of the graph

2
(ii) Eliminate the term in x to obtain the line
2
3. (i) The curve y  ax  bx  c has a vertical line of symmetry whose equation
x b
is given by 2a

22
 (ii) The maximum or minimum value of the function occur at its turning points

EXAMPLES:

1. Find the equation of the line which should be drawn on the graph
2
y =¿ x + 2x − 4 ¿to solve each of these equations:
2 2 2
(i) x + 2x − 4 = 0 (ii) x + 2x − 7 = 0 (iii) x + x−5 = 0

2 2 2
(iv) x − x−6 = 0 (v) 2x − 5x − 3 = 0 (vi) 1 + x − 2x = 0

2
2. (a) Draw a graph of y =¿ x − 4x + 3 ¿ for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4
(use a scale of 2cm:1 unit on both axes )

(b) Use your graph to solve the equations:

2
(i) x − 4x + 3 = 0

2
(ii) x − 5x + 4 = 0

(c) State the:

(i) equation of the line of symmetry

(ii) minimum value of y

(iii) value of x at which the minimum value of y occurs

2
(iv) range of values of x for which x − 4x + 3 < 0

2
3. (a) Draw a graph of y =¿ x − x − 6 ¿ for 3 ≤ x ≤ 4
(use a scale of 1cm:1 unit on both axes )

(b) Use your graph to solve the equations:

2
(i) x − x−6 = 0

x2 − x − 2 = 0
(ii)
23
 2
(iii) x + x−2 = 0

2
(iv) 2x − 5x − 3 = 0

(c) State the:

(i) equation of the line of symmetry

2
(ii) range of values of x for which x − x−6 < 0

2
y = 3 − 3x − x
4. (a) Copy and complete the table below for the function

x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
−¿ x ¿
2 4 4
−3x 6 6
3 3 3
y 5 7
2
(b) Draw a graph of y = 3 − 3x − x for 5 ≤ x ≤ 2
(use a scale of 1cm:1 unit on both axes )

(c) Use your graph to solve the equations:

2 2 2
(i) 3 − 3x − x = 0 (ii) x + 3x − 4 = 0 (iii) x + 4x + 3 = 0

2 2
(iv) x + 2x − 8 = 0 (v) 2x + x− 6 = 0

y =( x − 2 )( x + 1)
5. (a) Copy and complete the table below for the function

x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
(x  2) 4 4 2
(x + 1) 1 6 5
y 4 3 10
(b) Draw a graph of y =( x − 2 )( x + 1) for 3 ≤ x ≤ 4
(use a scale of 1cm:1 unit on both axes )

24
 (c) Use your graph to solve the equations:
2 2
x − x−2 = 0 (ii) x − 2x − 5 = 0
(i)
2
(iii) 2x − x − 15 = 0

(d) State the:

(i) equation of the line of symmetry

(ii) minimum value of the function

(iv) range of values of x for which ( x − 2 )( x + 1 ) < 0

EER:
2
1. Use the graphical method to solve the simultaneous equations y = 3x − 3x
and y = 10 − 5x for 3 ≤ x ≤ 3.
2
2. (a) Draw a graph of y =¿ x − 2x + 1 ¿ for 3 ≤ x ≤ 3
(use a scale of 1cm:1 unit on both axes )

(b) Use your graph to solve the equations:

2
(i) x − 2x + 1 = 0

2
(ii) x − x− 6 = 0

2
y=2 + x − x
3. (a) Copy and complete the table below for the function

X 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
−¿ x ¿
2 4 9
x 2 3
2 2 2
Y 4 4

25
 2
(b) Draw a graph of y = 2 + x − x for 3 ≤ x ≤ 4
(use a scale of 1cm:1 unit on both axes )

(c) Use your graph to solve the equations:

2
(i) x − x−6 = 0

x 2 − 3x − 4 = 0
(ii)
2
(iii) 3x − 2x − 1 = 0

5x
2 y= + 5
4. On the same axes, draw the graphs of y = 2 x and 2 for 2 ≤ x ≤ 3
(use a scale of 2cm : 1 unit on the x-axis and 1cm : 2 units on the y-axis)

(b) Use your graphs to solve the equations:

2
(i) 4x − 5x − 10 = 0

6x 2 + 10x − 30 = 0 correct to 2 decimal places

(ii)

y =( x − 1)( x − 3 )
5. (a) Copy and complete the table below for the function

X 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(x  1) 1 2
(x  3) 3 0
Y 3 0
(b) Draw a graph of y =( x − 2 )( x + 1) for 1 ≤ x ≤ 5
(use a scale of 1cm:1 unit on both axes )

26
 (c) Use your graph to solve the equations:
2
(i) x − 4x + 3 = 0

x 2 − 4x + 1 = 0
(ii)

(d) State the:

(i) minimum value of the function

(iv) range of values of x for which ( x − 1 )( x − 3) < 0

2
6. (a) On the same axes, draw the graphs of y = 2x + 5x − 3 and y = x + 1 for
4 ≤ x ≤ 1 using intervals of 05 (use a scale of 2cm : 1 unit on the x-axis and
1cm : 1 unit on the y-axis)
2
(b) Use your graphs to solve the equation x + 2x − 2 = 0

7. (a) Copy and complete the table below:

X 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
x 2− 2 14 7
2
−¿ x + 6 ¿ 10 3
2 2
(b) On the same axes, draw the graphs of y = x − 2 and y = − x + 6 for
4 ≤ x ≤ 4. (use a scale of 1cm : 1 unit on the x-axis and 1cm : 2 units on the
y-axis)
2
(c) Use your graphs to solve the equation x − 2 = 6 − x2

2
8. (a) Draw a graph of y = x − 2x − 3 for 2 ≤ x ≤ 4
(use a scale of 1cm:1 unit on both axes )

(c) Use your graph to solve the equations:

27
 2
(i) x − 2x − 3 = 0

x 2 − 2x − 1 = 0
(ii)
2
(iii) x − 3x − 3 = 0

2
y = 6 + 3x − 2 x
9. (a) Copy and complete the table below for the function

X 2 15 1 05 0 05 1 15 2 25 3

2
−¿ 2x ¿ 8 2 05 2 45 8 18
3x 6 3 15 3 45 6 9
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Y 8 1 4 7 6 4 3
2
(b) On the same axes, draw the graphs of y = 6 + 3x − 2 x and y = 2 x for
2 ≤ x ≤ 3 (use a scale of 2cm : 1 unit on the x-axis and 1cm : 1 units on the
y-axis)
2
(c) Use your graphs to solve the equation 6 + x − 2 x = 0

2 3
10. (a) On the same axes, draw the graphs of y = 6x + x − x and y = 4x for
3 ≤ x ≤ 4 (use a scale of 1cm : 1 unit on the x-axis and 1cm : 2 units on the
y-axis)

(b) Use your graphs to solve the equations:

2
(i) 6x + x − x3 = 0

2
(ii) 2x + x − x3 = 0

28