Some elementary C-Programs

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1. SI & CI
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#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{

float P,n,r,SI,CI;
printf("Enter Principal(Rs), Time(Yr), and Rate(R): ");
scanf("%f %f %f",&P,&n,&r);
SI= (P*n*r)/100;
CI=P*(pow(1+r/100,n)-1);
printf("SI= %.2f\n",SI);
printf("CI= %.2f\n",CI);
getchar();
return 0;

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2. Leap Year
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#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{

int year;
printf("Enter year : ") ;
scanf("%d",&year);
if(year%4==0&&(year%100==0||year%400==0))
printf("%d is leap",year);
else
printf("%d is not a leap year",year);
return 0;
}

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3. Result formated
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// Result 1

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
printf("\t\t*****************\n");
printf("\t\tResult Calculator\n");
printf("\t\t*****************\n\n");
int phy , chem , math , nep , eng;
float per;
printf("Please Enter the Marks\n");
printf("======================\n");
printf("\n");
printf("1. Physics : ");
scanf("%d",&phy);
printf("2. Chemistry : ");
scanf("%d",&chem);
printf("3. Mathematics : ");
scanf("%d",&math);
printf("4. Nepali : ");
scanf("%d",&nep);
printf("5. English : ");
scanf("%d",&eng);
printf("_______________________\n");
printf("Total %d",phy + chem + math + nep + eng);
per = (float)(phy + chem + math + nep + eng )/5;

if(phy > 100 || chem > 100 || math > 100 || nep > 100 || eng >
100)
printf("\n\aWarning: Incorrect Input");
else
{
printf("\n\nPercentage %.1f\n",per);
printf("\nDivision ");
if(phy >=35 && chem >=35 && math >=35 && nep >= 35 && eng >=
35)
{
if(per >= 80)
printf(" Distinction");
else
if(per >= 60)
printf(" First");
else
if(per >= 50)
printf(" Second");
else
if(per >= 35)
printf(" Third");
}
else
{
printf(" Fail\n\n");
 printf("Failed in\n");
printf("------------");
if(phy < 35)
printf("\nPhysics");
if(chem < 35)
printf("\nChemistry");
if(math < 35)
printf("\nMathematics");
if(nep < 35)
printf("\nNepali");
if(eng < 35)
printf("\nEnglish");
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}

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4. Result
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#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float percentage;
int E,M,P,C,total;
printf("Enter Marks: \n");
scanf("%d %d %d %d",&E,&M,&P,&C);

total = E + M + P + C;
printf("Total = %d\n",total);
percentage = (float)total/4;

if(E>=40 && M>=40 && P>=40 && C>=40 )

{
if(percentage>=80)
printf("Pass. Distinction %.2f% %\n",percentage);
else if(percentage>=60)
printf("Pass. First Division %.2f% %\n",percentage);
else if(percentage>=50)
printf("Pass. Second Division %.2f% %\n",percentage);
else
printf("Third Division %.2f% %\n",percentage);
}
else
printf("Fail in\n");
if(E<40)
printf("English\t");
if(M<40)
 printf("Math\t");
if(P<40)
printf("Physics\t");
if(C<40)
printf("Chemistry\t");
printf("\n");
return 0;

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5. Greatest of three using If
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// Greatest of three If

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d %d",&a, &b, &c);
if(a > b && a > c)
printf("The largest number is %d",a);
if(b > a && b > c)
printf("The largest number is %d",b);
if(c > a && c > b)
printf("The largest number is %d",c);
}

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6. Greatest of three using
else...if
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// Greatestof3

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf("Enter three positive integers:");
scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c);
if (a>b&&a>c)
printf("%d is largest",a);
 else if(b>c)
printf("%d is largest",b);
else
printf("%d is largest",c);
getchar();
return 0;

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7. Greatest of three using
conditional
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// Greatestof3 using conditional

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x,a,b,c;
printf("Enter three positive integers:");
scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c);
x=a>b&&a>c?a:b>c?b:c;
printf("%d is largest",x);
getchar();
return 0;
}

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8. Greatest of three using
nested if
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//greatestof3

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf("Enter three positive integers:");
scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c);
if (a>b)
{
if(a>c)
{

printf("%d is largest",a);
}
 else
{
printf("%d is largest",c);
}
}
else if (b<c)

printf("%d is largest",c);
else
printf("%d is largest",b);

getchar();
return 0;

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9. I/O
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// I/O

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{

puts("Greetings, human.");
return 0;
}

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10. I/O
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// I/O 1

#include <stdio.h>

main()
{
char answer;

printf("Would you like to know my name?\n");

printf("Type Y for YES and any other letter for NO: ");

answer = getchar(); /* .... Reading a character...*/

if(answer == 'Y' || answer == 'y')

 printf("\n\nMy name is BUSY BEE\n\n");
else
printf("\n\nYou are good for nothing\n\n");
}

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11. I/O
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// I/O 2

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

// Program: Alphabet or Number ? //

main()
{
char character;
printf("Press any key\n");
character = getchar();
if (isalpha(character) )
printf("The character is a letter.\n\n");
else
if (isdigit (character) )
printf("The character is a digit.\n\n");
else
printf("The character is not alphanumeric.\n\n");
}

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12. I/O
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// I/O 3

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

//Program: Casechange for a character

main()
{
char alphabet;
printf("Enter an alphabet\n");

alphabet = getchar();
if (islower(alphabet))
putchar(toupper(alphabet));
 else
putchar(tolower(alphabet));

putchar('\n');
}

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13. I/O
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// I/O 5

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
char x;
x = getchar();
putchar(x);
putchar('\n');
putchar('P');
putchar('\n');
putchar('T');
putchar('h');
putchar('a');
putchar('n');
putchar('k');
}

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14. Size of variables
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// Size of

#include<stdio.h>
#include<float.h>
#include<limits.h>

/* Program for Storage size and Range of Data Types */

int main()
{
printf("size of character %d byte(s)\n",sizeof(char));
printf("Range of signed Character %d to %d\n",SCHAR_MIN,SCHAR_MAX);
 printf("Range of unsigned Character 0 to %d\n\n",UCHAR_MAX);

printf("size of short integer %d byte(s)\n",sizeof(short int));

printf("Range of signed Short integer %d to %d
\n",SHRT_MIN,SHRT_MAX);
printf("Range of unsigned short integer 0 to %d\n\n",USHRT_MAX);

printf("size of integer %d byte(s)\n",sizeof(int));

printf("size of unsigned integer %d byte(s)\n",sizeof(unsigned
int));
printf("Range of signed integer %d to %d\n",INT_MIN,INT_MAX);
printf("Range of unsigned integer 0 to %lu\n\n",UINT_MAX);

printf("size of long integer %d byte(s)\n",sizeof(long int));

printf("Range of signed long integer %ld to %ld
\n",LONG_MIN,LONG_MAX);
printf("Range of unsigned long integer 0 to %lu\n\n",ULONG_MAX);

printf("size of long long integer %d byte(s)\n",sizeof(long long

int));
printf("Range of signed long long integer %lld to %lld
\n",LONG_LONG_MIN,LONG_LONG_MAX);
printf("Range of unsigned long long integer 0 to %llu\n
\n",ULONG_LONG_MAX);

printf("size of float %d byte(s)\n",sizeof(float));

printf("%e to %e\n",FLT_MIN,FLT_MAX);
printf("Precision of float %d\n\n",FLT_DIG);

printf("size of double %d byte(s)\n",sizeof(double));

printf("Range of double %e to %e\n",DBL_MIN,DBL_MAX);
printf("Precision of double %d\n\n",DBL_DIG);

printf("size of long double %d byte(s)\n",sizeof(long double));

printf("Range of long double %e to %e\n",LDBL_MIN,LDBL_MAX);
printf("Precision of long double %d\n\n",LDBL_DIG);

return 0;
}

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15. Natural Number Series
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// Natural Series
#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int i = 1, n;
int index;
long sum;
printf("Enter n: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the index: ");
scanf("%d",&index);
while(i <= n)
{
sum = sum + pow(i,index);
i = i + 1;
}
printf("\n1^%d + 2^%d + ... + %d^%d = %ld
\n",index,index,n,index,sum);
}

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16. Quadratic equation
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// Quadratic equation

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float a,b,c,D,r1,r2;
printf("Enter a,b,c in ax^2+bx+c \n");
scanf("%f %f %f",&a,&b,&c);
D=b*b-4*a*c;

if(D>=0)
{
r1=(-b+sqrt(D))/(2*a);
r2=(-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a);
printf("Roots are %f , %f\n",r1,r2);
}
else
{
r1=(-b+sqrt(-D))/(2*a);
r2=(-b-sqrt(-D))/(2*a);
printf("Roots are %f +i %f and ",r1,r2);
printf(" %f -i %f\n",r1,r2);
}
return 0;
}
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17. Reverse
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// Reverse

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,r=0;
printf("Enter Number\n");
scanf("%d",&n);

while(n!=0)
{
r = r * 10;
r = r + n % 10;
n = n / 10;

printf("Reverse = %d\n",r);

return 0;
}

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18. Palindrome
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// Palindrome

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n,i,p,r=0;
printf("Enter Number\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
p=n;
while(n!=0)
{
r = r * 10;
r = r + n % 10;
n = n / 10;

}
 printf("Reverse = %d\n",r);

if(r==p)
printf("%d is Palindrome\n",p);
else
printf("%d is not Palindrome\n",p);
return 0;
}

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19. Digit Sum
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// Digit Sum

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,r,s=0;
printf("Enter Number\n");
scanf("%d",&n);

while(n!=0)
{
r = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
s = s + r;
}

printf("Digitsum = %d\n",s);

return 0;
}

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20. Armstrong Number
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// Armstrong Number

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,n,i,r,s=0;
printf("Enter Number\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
a=n;
 while(n!=0)
{
r = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
s = s + r*r*r;
}

if(a==s)
printf("%d is Armstrong Number",a);
else
printf("%d is not Armstrong Number",a);
return 0;
}

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21. Identify Perfect number
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// Identify Perfect number

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int num, i = 1, sum = 0;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
while(i < num)
{
if(num % i == 0)
{
sum = sum + i;
}
i++;
}
if(sum == num)
printf("%d is a perfect number.", num);
else
printf("%d is not a perfect number",num);
}

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22. Perfect number in Range
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// Perfect number in Range

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{

int min, max,i,j,s=0;

printf("Perfect number between number to number : \n");

scanf("%d %d",&min,&max);

for(i=min;i<=max;i++)
{
j=1;
while(j<i)
{
if(i%j==0)
{
s=s+j;
}
j++;
}
if(s==i)
printf("%d\n",i);
}
return 0;
}

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23. Perfect to Prime
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// Perfect to Prime

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int num, i = 1, sum = 0;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
while(i <= num)
{
if(num % i == 0)
{
sum = sum + i;
}
i++;
}
if(sum == num + 1)
printf("%d is a prime number.", num);
else
printf("%d is not a prime number",num);
}

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24. Identify Prime number
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// Identify Prime number

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{

int n,i;

printf("Number ? ");
scanf("%d",&n);

i=2;

while(i<n/2)
{

if(n%i==0)
{

printf("%d is not prime\n",n);

break;
}

i=i+1;
}

if(i==n/2)
printf("%d is prime\n",n);

return 0;

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25. Prime numbers in a Range
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// Prime numbers in a Range

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{

int min, max,i,j,k=0;

printf("Prime between number to number ? ");

scanf("%d %d",&min,&max);

for(i=min;i<=max;i++)
{
for(j=2; j<i;j++)
{

if(i%j==0)
{
break;
}
}
if(i==j)
{

printf("%d \n",i);
k=k+1;
}

printf("number of primes %d\n",k);

return 0;

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26. For Alphabet
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// For Alphabet

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int alphabet;
for(alphabet='A';alphabet<='Z';alphabet=alphabet+1)
{
printf("%d\n",alphabet);
}
putchar('\n');
return(0);
 }

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27. For Alphabet
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// For Alpha2

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{

int alpha,code;

for(alpha='A';alpha<='G';alpha=alpha+1)
{

for(code=1;code<=7;code=code+1)

printf("%c %d\t",alpha,code);
}
putchar('\n');
}
return(0);
}

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28. Multiplicaion Table
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// Multiplicaion Table

#include<stdio.h>
//Multiplication Table
int main()
{

int i,j,r,s;

putchar('\n');
printf("Multiplication Table from what number to what number ?");
scanf("%d %d",&r,&s);
for(i=1;i<=10;i=i+1)
 {

for(j=r;j<=s;j=j+1)

printf(" %d x %2d = %d\t",j,i,i*j);

}
putchar('\n');
}
return(0);
}

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29. Sort
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// Sort

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,n,j,t;
int a[100];

printf("How many \n");

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Input numbers \n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);

}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
t=a[j];
a[j]=a[i];
a[i]=t;
}
}
}

printf("The numbers in ascending order : \n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
 {
printf("%d\n",a[i]);
}
printf("\nThe smallest number is %d\n",a[0]);
printf("The largest number is %d\n\n",a[n-1]);
return 0;
}

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30. Sort
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// Sort

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,t,k=0;
int a[100];

printf("Input numbers -1 to end\n");

for(i=0;i<100;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
k=k+1;
if(a[i]==-1)
break;
}
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<k;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
t=a[j];
a[j]=a[i];
a[i]=t;
}
}
}

printf("The numbers in ascending order : \n");

for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
printf("%d\n",a[i]);
}
printf("\nThe smallest number is %d\n",a[1]);
printf("The largest number is %d\n\n",a[k-1]);
return 0;
 }

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31. Switch
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// Switch

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int code;
printf("Enter the error code (1-3): ");
scanf("%d",&code);
switch(code)
{
case 1:
puts("Drive Fault, not your fault.");
break;
case 2:
puts("Illegal format, call a lawyer.");
break;
case 3:
puts("Bad filename, spank it.");
break;
default:
puts("That's not 1, 2, or 3");
}
return(0);
}

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32. Switch
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// Switch Traffic

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
char t;
printf("Press g, r or y\n");
scanf("%c",&t);
switch(t)
{
 case 'g': printf("Green : You can go.\n");
break;
case 'G': printf("Green : You can go.\n");
break;
case 'r': printf("Red : Stop !\n");
break;
case 'R': printf("Red : Stop !\n");
break;
case 'y': printf("Blue : Get ready.\n");
break;
case 'Y': printf("Blue : Get ready.\n");
break;
default: printf("Press either g or r or y\n");
}
}

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33. Swich Traffic
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// Switch Traffic

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
char t;
printf("Press g, r or y. Press N for exit\n");
scanf("%c",&t);

while(t!='N')
{
t=getchar();
switch(t)
{
case 'g': printf("Green : You can go.\n");
break;
case 'G': printf("Green : You can go.\n");
break;
case 'r': printf("Red : Stop !\n");
break;
case 'R': printf("Red : Stop !\n");
break;
case 'y': printf("Yellow : Get ready.\n");
break;
case 'Y': printf("Yellow : Get ready.\n");
break;
default: printf("Press either g or r or y. Press N for exit
\n");

if(t=='N')
 printf("Goodbye!\n");
}
}
return 0;
}

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34. Switch M/F
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//Switch M/F

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int i;
printf("Please enter 0 or 1 and 100 to exit\n");
while(i != 100)
{
scanf("%d",&i);
switch(i)
{
case 0: printf("Male\n");
break;
case 1: printf("Female\n");
break;
default: printf("Please enter 0 or 1.\n");
}
}

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35. Simple Calculator using switch
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//Simple Calculator using switch

// Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication or division

depending the input from user

# include <stdio.h>

int main() {

char operator;
double firstNumber,secondNumber;
 printf("Enter an operator (+, -, *,/): ");
scanf("%c", &operator);

printf("Enter two operands: ");

scanf("%lf %lf",&firstNumber, &secondNumber);

switch(operator)
{
case '+':
printf("%.1lf + %.1lf = %.1lf\n",firstNumber, secondNumber,
firstNumber + secondNumber);
break;

case '-':
printf("%.1lf - %.1lf = %.1lf\n",firstNumber, secondNumber,
firstNumber - secondNumber);
break;

case '*':
printf("%.1lf * %.1lf = %.1lf\n",firstNumber, secondNumber,
firstNumber * secondNumber);
break;

case '/':
printf("%.1lf / %.1lf = %.1lf\n",firstNumber, secondNumber,
firstNumber / secondNumber);
break;

// operator doesn't match any case constant (+, -, *, /)

default:
printf("Error! operator is not correct\n");
}

return 0;
}

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36. Array string
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//Array string

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
char name[10], address[15];
printf("\nPlease enter your name:\n");
scanf("%s", name);
 printf("Your name is: %s",name);
}

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37. Array string gets & puts
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//Array string gets & puts

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
char name[10]; //creates 10 rooms in which the last value is
'\0'. for 10 lenght
char address[15];
printf("\nPlease enter your name:\n");
gets(name);
printf("Your name is: ");
puts(name);
printf("Address: ");
gets(address);
puts(address);
}

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38. Sum of Dgits
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// Sum of Dgits

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,n;
long s=0;
int a[100];
printf("How many \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Input numbers \n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
s= s + a[i];
}
 printf("Sum = %ld \n",s);
return 0;

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39. Matrix Sum
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// Matrix Sum

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
int i,j,m,n,a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10];
printf("\nEnter size m x n of matrix A\n");
scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter rowwise elements of A\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf(" \n A = ");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("\t%d\t",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");

}
printf("\nEnter size m x n of matrix B\n");
scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter rowwise elements of B\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
printf(" \n B = ");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
 for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("\t%d\t",b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");

printf(" \n A+B = ");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
printf("\t%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
40. Metrix Product
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// matrix Product

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a[10][10], b[10][10], c[10][10], m, n, p, q, i, j, k;

printf("Enter rows and column for first matrix A: ");

scanf("%d %d", &m, &n);

printf("Enter rows and column for second matrix B: ");

scanf("%d %d",&p, &q);
while (n != p)
{
printf("Error! column of first matrix not equal to row of
second.\n\n");
printf("Enter rows and column for first matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &m, &n);
printf("Enter rows and column for second matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d",&p, &q);
}
printf("\nEnter elements of matrix A:\n");
for(i=0; i<m; ++i)
for(j=0; j<n; ++j)
 {
printf("Enter elements a%d%d: ",i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}
printf(" \n A = ");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("\t%d\t",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");

// Storing elements of second matrix.

printf("\nEnter elements of matrix B:\n");
for(i=0; i<p; ++i)
for(j=0; j<q; ++j)
{
printf("Enter elements b%d%d: ",i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
printf(" \n B = ");
for(i=0;i<p;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
printf("\t%d\t",b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");

}
// Initializing all elements of result matrix to 0
for(i=0; i<m; ++i)
for(j=0; j<q; ++j)
{
c[i][j] = 0;
}

// Multiplying matrices A and B and

// storing result in result matrix
for(i=0; i<m; ++i)
for(j=0; j<q; ++j)
for(k=0; k<n; ++k)
{
c[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}

// Displaying the result

printf("\nOutput Matrix \nAB =");
for(i=0; i<m; ++i)
for(j=0; j<q; ++j)
{
 printf("\t%d\t ", c[i][j]);
if(j == q-1)
printf("\n\n");
}
return 0;
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
41. Factorial
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Factorial

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

{
printf("Factorial Calculator\n");
int i = 1, n;
float prod = 1;
printf("Enter n: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
if(n > 0)
{
while(i <= n)
{
prod = prod * i;
i = i + 1;

}
printf("%d! = %.0f", n, prod);
}
else
if(n == 0)
printf("%d! = 1",n);
else
if(n < 0)
printf("(%d)! is not defined.",n);

____________________________________________________________________
____________________

42. Factorial as Recursive Function

____________________________________________________________________
_____________________
//Factorial as Recursive Function

#include<stdio.h>
//#include<conio.h>

int fact(int);

int main() {
int factorial, num;

printf("Enter the value of num :");

scanf("%d", &num);

factorial = fact(num);
printf("Factorial is %d\n", factorial);

return 0;
}

int fact(int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 1;
}
return (n * fact(n - 1));
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
43. Fibonacci as Recursive
Function
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Fibonacci as Recursive Function

#include<stdio.h>
//#include<conio.h>

int size;
int fibonacci(int prev_number, int number);

int main() {
static int prev_number = 0, number = 1;
//clrscr();

printf("Enter the Size of Series (< 20) : ");

scanf("%d", &size);

printf("1 ");
fibonacci(prev_number, number);
 //getch();
}

int fibonacci(int prev_number, int number) {

static int i = 1;
int next_num;

if (i == size)
return (0);
else {
next_num = prev_number + number;
prev_number = number;
number = next_num;
printf("%d ", next_num);

i++;
fibonacci(prev_number, number); //recursion
}
return (0);
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
44. Permutation and Combination
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// nPr & nCr

#include<stdio.h>
long factorial(int);
long ncr(int,int);
long npr(int,int);
int main()
{
int n,r;
long x,y;
printf("Enter n and r : \n");
scanf("%d %d",&n,&r);
x=ncr(n,r);
y=npr(n,r);
printf("C(%d,%d)=%ld\n",n,r,x);
printf("P(%d,%d)=%ld\n",n,r,y);
return 0;

}
long ncr(int n,int r)
{
long result;
result=factorial(n)/(factorial(r)*factorial(n-r));
return result;
 }
long npr(int n,int r)
{
long result;
result=factorial(n)/factorial(n-r);
return result;
}
long factorial(int n)
{
int i;
long result=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

result=result*i;

return result;
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
45. Graph as Function
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Graph as Function

#include <stdio.h>
void graph(int count);
int main()
{
int value;
value = 2;
while(value<=64)
{
graph(value);
printf("Value is %d\n",value);
value = value * 2;
}
return(0);
}
void graph(int count)
{
int x;
for(x=0;x<count;x=x+1)
putchar('*');
putchar('\n');
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
46. Variable Type
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________
Variable Type

//Variable Type 1

void f() {
int i;
i = 1; // OK: in scope
}
void g() {
i = 2; // Error: not in scope
}

//Variable Type 2

int i;
int f()
{
i = 1; // OK: in scope
printf("\n %d \n",i);
}
int g() {
i = 2; // OK: still in scope
printf("\n % d \n",i);
}
#include<stdio.h>
//int f();
//int g();
int main()
{
//int x, y;
f();
g();
//printf("%d \n%d\n",x,y);
printf("Hallo World !\n");
}

// Variable3

//Variable Type 3

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{

for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)

 {
static int n = 0;
printf("%d ", n++); // prints 0 1 2 3 4 - the previous value
persists
}
printf("\n");
for (int j = 0; j < 5; ++j)
{
int n = 0;
printf("%d ", ++n); // prints 1 1 1 1 1 - the previous value
is lost
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
47. Filehandling
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Filehandling 1

#include<stdio.h>

main()
{
FILE *f1;
char c;
printf("Data Input\n\n");
/* Open the file INPUT */
f1 = fopen("INPUT", "w");

/* Get a character from keyboard */

while((c=getchar()) != EOF)

/* Write a character to INPUT */

putc(c,f1);
/* Close the file INPUT */
fclose(f1);
printf("\nData Output\n\n");
/* Reopen the file INPUT */
f1 = fopen("INPUT","r");

/* Read a character from INPUT*/

while((c=getc(f1)) != EOF)

/* Display a character on screen */

printf("%c",c);

/* Close the file INPUT */

 fclose(f1);
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
48. Filehandling
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Filehandling 2

#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *f1, *f2, *f3;
int number, i;

printf("Contents of DATA file\n\n");

f1 = fopen("DATA", "w"); /* Create DATA file */
for(i = 1; i <= 30; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &number);
if(number == -1) break;
putw(number,f1);
}
fclose(f1);

f1 = fopen("DATA", "r");
f2 = fopen("ODD", "w");
f3 = fopen("EVEN", "w");

/* Read from DATA file */

while((number = getw(f1)) != EOF)
{
if(number %2 == 0)
putw(number, f3); /* Write to EVEN file */
else
putw(number, f2); /* Write to ODD file */
}
fclose(f1);
fclose(f2);
fclose(f3);

f2 = fopen("ODD","r");
f3 = fopen("EVEN", "r");
printf("\n\nContents of ODD file\n\n");

while((number = getw(f2)) != EOF)

printf("%4d", number);
printf("\n\nContents of EVEN file\n\n");

while((number = getw(f3)) != EOF)

 printf("%4d\n\n", number);

fclose(f2);
fclose(f3);
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
49. Filehandling
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Filehandling 3

#include <stdio.h>

main()
{
FILE *fp;
int number, quantity, i;
float price, value;
char item[10], filename[10];

printf("Input file name\n");

scanf("%s", filename);
fp = fopen(filename, "w");
printf("Input inventory data\n\n");
printf("Item name Number Price Quantity\n");
for(i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
{
fscanf(stdin, "%s %d %f %d",
item, &number, &price, &quantity);
fprintf(fp, "%s %d %.2f %d",
item, number, price, quantity);
}
fclose(fp);
fprintf(stdout, "\n\n");

fp = fopen(filename, "r");

printf("Item name Number Price Quantity Value\n");

for(i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
{
fscanf(fp, "%s %d %f d",item,&number,&price,&quantity);
value = price * quantity;
fprintf(stdout, "%-8s %7d %8.2f %8d %11.2f\n",
item, number, price, quantity, value);
}
fclose(fp);
}
____________________________________________________________________
____________________
50. Filehandling
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Filehandling 4

#include <stdio.h>

main()
{
char *filename;
FILE *fp1, *fp2;
int i, number;

fp1 = fopen("TEST", "w");

for(i = 10; i <= 100; i += 10)
putw(i, fp1);

fclose(fp1);

printf("\nInput filename\n");

open_file:
scanf("%s", filename);

if((fp2 = fopen(filename,"r")) == NULL)

{
printf("Cannot open the file.\n");
printf("Type filename again.\n\n");
goto open_file;
}
else

for(i = 1; i <= 10; i++)

{ number = getw(fp2);
if(feof(fp2))
{
printf("\nRan out of data.\n");
break;
}
else
printf("%d\n", number);
}

fclose(fp2);
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
51. Accessing Structure Members
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Structure 1

struct personal
{
char name[20];
int day;
char month[10];
int year;
float salary;
};
main()
{
struct personal person;
printf("Input Values\n");
scanf("%s %d %s %d %f",
person.name,
&person.day,
person.month,
&person.year,
&person.salary);
printf("%s %d %s %d %.2f\n",
person.name,
person.day,
person.month,
person.year,
person.salary);
}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
52. Comparing Structure members
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Structure 2.1

struct class
{
int number;
char name[20];
float marks;
};

main()
{
int x;
struct class student1 = {111,"Rao",72.50};
struct class student2 = {222,"Reddy", 77.00};
struct class student3;
 student3 = student2;
printf("%d %s %f\n", student3.number,
student3.name,
student3.marks);

x = (student3.marks >= student1.marks) ? 1 : 0;

if(x == 1)
{
printf("\nstudent3 is better\n\n");

}
else
printf("\nstudent1 is better\n\n");

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
53. Structure of array
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Structure 3

struct marks
{
int sub1;
int sub2;
int sub3;
int total;
};
main()
{
int i;
struct marks student[3] = {{45,67,81,0},
{75,53,69,0},
{57,36,71,0}};
struct marks total;
for(i = 0; i <= 2; i++)
{
student[i].total = student[i].sub1 +
student[i].sub2 +
student[i].sub3;
total.sub1 = total.sub1 + student[i].sub1;
total.sub2 = total.sub2 + student[i].sub2;
total.sub3 = total.sub3 + student[i].sub3;
total.total = total.total + student[i].total;
}
printf(" STUDENT TOTAL\n\n");
for(i = 0; i <= 2; i++)
 printf("Student[%d] %d\n", i+1,student[i].total);
printf("\n SUBJECT TOTAL\n\n");
printf("%s %d\n%s %d\n%s %d\n",
"Subject 1 ", total.sub1,
"Subject 2 ", total.sub2,
"Subject 3 ", total.sub3);

printf("\nGrand Total = %d\n", total.total);

}

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
54. Structure of array and
within array
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Structure 4

main()
{
struct marks
{
int sub[3];
int total;
};
struct marks student[3] =
{45,67,81,0,75,53,69,0,57,36,71,0};
struct marks total;
int i,j;

for(i = 0; i <= 2; i++)

{
for(j = 0; j <= 2; j++)
{
student[i].total += student[i].sub[j];
total.sub[j] += student[i].sub[j];
}
total.total += student[i].total;
}
printf("STUDENT TOTAL\n\n");
for(i = 0; i <= 2; i++)
printf("Student[%d] %d\n", i+1, student[i].total);

printf("\nSUBJECT TOTAL\n\n");
for(j = 0; j <= 2; j++)
printf("Subject-%d %d\n", j+1, total.sub[j]);

printf("\nGrand Total = %d\n", total.total);

}
____________________________________________________________________
____________________
55. Structure as Function
Parameter
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

// Structure 5

/* Passing a copy of the entire structure */

struct stores
{
char name[20];
float price;
int quantity;
};
struct stores update (struct stores product, float p, int q);
float mul (struct stores stock);
main()
{
float p_increment, value;
int q_increment;

struct stores item = {"XYZ", 25.75, 12};

printf("\nInput increment values:");

printf(" price increment and quantity increment\n");
scanf("%f %d", &p_increment, &q_increment);

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
item = update(item, p_increment, q_increment);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
printf("Updated values of item\n\n");
printf("Name : %s\n",item.name);
printf("Price : %f\n",item.price);
printf("Quantity : %d\n",item.quantity);

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
value = mul(item);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
printf("\nValue of the item = %f\n", value);
}
struct stores update(struct stores product, float p, int q)
{
product.price += p;
product.quantity += q;
return(product);
}
float mul(struct stores stock)
{
return(stock.price * stock.quantity);
 }

____________________________________________________________________
____________________
56. Increment & Decrement
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int m, n, p, q, r, s;
m = 5;
n = 3;
p = 4;
q = -1;
r = p + (q--) + m - (++n);//4 + -1 + 5 - 4
s = ++p - q-- + m;

printf("The value of r = %d",r);

printf("\nq = %d",q);
printf("\nThe value of s = %d",s);
}