C H E M I S T R Y

GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

SPECIAL CASES OF IUPAC NOMENCLATURE

What you already know

• IUPAC nomenclature of compounds containing functional groups

What you will learn

• Nomenclature of aromatic compounds

• Nomenclature of benzene derivative
• Some curious cases

BOARDS NEET
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds
• These are extra stable compounds that have a cyclic structure along with alternative double
or triple bonds.
• These are less reactive and more stable.
• Benzene (C6H6) is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon.
• The bond order in benzene is 1.5.

H H
H H H H H
H H

H H H H
H H
H H
H
Resonance structures Resonance hybrid

Resonance in benzene

Nomenclature of benzene derivatives

• In many simple compounds, benzene is the parent name and the substituent is simply
indicated by a prefix.

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Examples:

Added group Explanation IUPAC name Structure

R
If alkyl group is The alkyl group is
Alkyl benzene
added indicated by a prefix.

OH
If OH group is The OH group is
Benzenol
added indicated by a suffix.

NH2
If NH2 group is The NH2 group is
Benzenamine
added indicated by a suffix.

A special suffix
CHO
‘carbaldehyde’ is used
If CHO group Benzene
when the CHO group
is added carbaldehyde
is attached with
benzene.

Table 1: IUPAC name for benzene derivatives

Note

If a compound has a benzene ring, then it is considered to be an aromatic compound. However, it

is not necessary that every aromatic compound must contain a benzene ring.

Some more examples:

NO2 Br Cl Cl F
1 2 NO2
6
5 3
4
Nitrobenzene Bromobenzene Chlorobenzene 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene Fluorobenzene

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A
1
When two substituents are present, their relative
6 1 2
positions are indicated by the prefixes ortho-, meta- o 2 6 o
and para- or by the use of numbers. Ortho position is
denoted by 1,2 position; meta position is denoted by 5 3 5 3
1,3; and para position is denoted by 1,4. m 4 m
4
p

Examples:

CH3 CH3
1 1
2 CH3
6 6 2

5 3 5 3
CH3
4 4
1,2-Dimethylbenzene or o-Dimethylbenzene 1,3-Dimethylbenzene or m-Dimethylbenzene

• When more than two substituents are present on the benzene ring, their positions must be
indicated by the use of numbers.
• The numbering is done in such a way that the substituent gets the lowest possible number.
• When more than two substituents are present and are different, they are written in the
alphabetical order.

Example:
In this case, the parent chain is a benzene ring. All the substituents act as prefixes that have the
same priority order. Therefore, we have to look for the lowest locants first and then the
alphabetical order.

So, if we start the numbering from either I or Cl, we get F

the same lowest locant, i.e., 1,2,3,5. Thus, we go for 5
the alphabetical order by which chlorine gets the 4 6 5 4 6
priority over iodine. Therefore, the numbering starts
from Cl. Hence, the IUPAC name of this compound is 3 1 2 3 1
I Cl
given as follows: 2
2-Bromo-1-chloro-5-fluoro-3-iodobenzene
Br
2-Bromo-1-chloro-5-fluoro-3-iodobenzene

• When a substituent (or functional group) is attached with the benzene ring, it is given a
common name. The substituent (or functional group) is assumed to be in the first position
and a new parent name is used.

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Examples:

OH CH3

Common name: Phenol Common name: Toluene

IUPAC name: Benzenol IUPAC name: Methylbenzene

O
NH2
C OH

Common name: Aniline Common name: Benzoic acid

IUPAC name: Benzenamine IUPAC name: Benzenecarboxylic acid

OCH3 CHO

Common name: Anisole Common name: Benzaldehyde

IUPAC name: Methoxybenzene IUPAC name: Benzene carbaldehyde

Additional examples:
OH OH
1 1
6 2 6 2

5 3 5 3
CH3
4 4
CH3
IUPAC name: 3-Methylphenol IUPAC name: 4-Methylphenol
or m-Methylphenol or p-Methylphenol
Common name: m-Cresol Common name: p-Cresol

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COOH OH
1 OH 1
NO2 NO2
6 2 6 2
5 3 5 3

4 4
NO2
IUPAC name: 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
or 2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid IUPAC name: 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol
Common name: Salicylic acid Common name: Picric acid

When the C6H5 (Ph) group is a substituent, it is

termed as phenyl. It is obtained when one
hydrogen is removed from the benzene.
It is represented as shown in figure:
Phenyl group

• A hydrocarbon composed of one saturated chain and one benzene ring is usually named as
a derivative of the larger structural unit.
• If an aromatic compound consists of an open and a closed chain, then the principal chain
will be the open chain if it contains multiple bond(s)/ substituent(s)/functional group(s).

Examples:

1 2 3 1 2
H3CCHCH3 HC 
 CH2

IUPAC name: 2-Phenylpropane IUPAC name: Phenylethene

or Isopropyl benzene or Ethenylbenzene
Common name: Cumene Common name: Styrene

Some other examples:

2 OH
The parent chain has two carbon atoms with a carboxylic 1
acid functional group at the first position and a phenyl
group at the second position. Therefore, the IUPAC name is
given as follows: O
2-Phenylethanoic acid
2-Phenylethanoic acid

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Based on IUPAC nomenclature

CH3
CH3 CH CH CH2CH3
Write the correct IUPAC name of the given compound.

Solution

1 2 3 4 5
In the given compound, the saturated carbon chain is CH3 CH CH CH2CH3
treated as the parent chain, and the methyl and phenyl
CH3
groups acts as substituents. So, the IUPAC name of the
compound is: 2-methyl-3-phenylpentane

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

Write the correct IUPAC name of the given compound.

Solution

In the given compound, the benzene ring can be treated as the parent chain and the cyclohexyl
group acts as the substituent or vice versa. So, the IUPAC name of the compound is
cyclohexylbenzene or phenylcyclohexane.

3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
1 1
4 4 4 4
1 1
5 6 6 5 5 6 6 5
Benzene as parent chain Cyclohexane as parent chain
IUPAC name: Cyclohexylbenzene IUPAC name: Phenylcyclohexane

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Examples:

H3C O
3 2 1 2 3 2 6
1
1 6 1 5
4 3 4 2

5 6 5 4 5 6 4 3
Parent chain Parent chain
1-Cyclohexyl-3-methylbenzene 5-Phenylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is: CHO
(a) 5-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzenecarbaldehyde
(b) 3-Bromo-5-fluorophenol
(c) 3-Bromo-5-hydroxybenzenecarbaldehyde
(d) 1-Bromo-3-formyl-5-hydroxybenzene Br OH

Solution

In this compound, the benzene ring with the CHO

group is the parent chain. Both the Br and OH CHO
groups are indicated as prefixes. As there is no 1
priority difference in the prefix, the numbering is 2 6
done according to the alphabetical order. Thus, the
3 5
IUPAC name is given as follows: Br OH
3-Bromo-5-hydroxybenzenecarbaldehyde 4
Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is:

O
(a) Phenylbenzoic acid
(b) Phenylbenzenecarboxylate C O
(c) Benzylbenzenecarboxylate
(d) Diphenylcarboxylate

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Solution

It is an example of ester. Phenyl acts as an alkyl O

group and the phenyl with –COOPh acts as
C O
alkanoate. Thus, the IUPAC name is given as
follows:
Phenylbenzenecarboxylate
Alkyl group Alkanoate group
Thus, option (b) is the correct answer.

Some curious cases

Ester can be attached to the parent chain by the following two ways:
• When the carbon atom of an ester is directly attached to the parent chain, the prefix alkoxy
carbonyl is used in writing the IUPAC name of the ester.

Examples:

COOH
1. In this compound, the parent chain is a benzoic acid
1
ring. There is an ester group on the third position,
6 2
and it is attached through carbon of the ester group. O
Therefore, the IUPAC name is: 5 3
3-(methoxycarbonyl)benzenecarboxylic acid. C O CH3
4

2. In this compound, the parent chain has five carbons. O OH

There is an ester group on the second position, and
it is attached through carbon of the ester group. 1
O 3
Therefore, the IUPAC name is: 2 5
H3C 4
2-(methoxycarbonyl)pentanoic acid.
O

• When the oxygen atom of an ester is directly attached to the parent chain, the prefix
alkanoyloxy is used in writing the IUPAC name of the ester.

Examples:

1. In this compound, the parent chain is a benzoic acid COOH

ring. There is an ester group on the third position, 1
and it is attached through oxygen of the ester group. 6 2
Therefore, the IUPAC name is: O
3-(ethanoyloxy)benzenecarboxylic acid. 5 3
O C CH3
4

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2. In this compound, the parent chain has six carbons. O

There is an ester group on the fourth position, and 5 3 1
4 2
it is attached through the oxygen of the ester group. 6 OH
Therefore, the IUPAC name is: O
4-(ethanoyloxy)hexanoic acid. CH3

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

Write the correct IUPAC name of the given compounds:

COOH COOH COOH

C O
O
O
C O CH3 O C CH3

O
(I) (II) (III)

Solution

COOH
In compound (I), the C atom of ester is directly attached 1
to the parent chain. So, the prefix alkoxycarbonyl is used 2 C O
6
and it is attached on the second position of the parent
chain. Therefore, its IUPAC name is O
5 3
2-(phenoxycarbonyl)benzenecarboxylic acid.
4
COOH
In compound (II), the C atom of ester is directly attached 1
6 2
to the parent chain. So, the prefix alkoxycarbonyl is used
and it is attached on the third position of the parent
5 3
chain. Therefore, its IUPAC name is C O CH3
3-(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. 4
O
In compound (III), the O atom of ester is directly attached COOH
to the parent chain. So, the prefix alkanoyloxy is used 1
and it is attached on the third position of the parent
5 2
chain.Therefore, its IUPAC name is O
3-ethanoyloxycyclopentanecarboxylic acid. 4 3
O C CH3

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Based on IUPAC nomenclature

Which one is not correct for a homologous series?

(a) All members have a general formula. (b) All members have the same chemical
properties.
(c) All members have the same physical (d) All members have the same functional
properties. group.

Solution

In a homologous series, all the members have the same general formula, chemical properties, and
functional group. However, the physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, solubility
etc. tend to vary with variation in molecular mass. Therefore, all the members of a homologous
series show a trend in the physical properties but not exactly the same physical properties.
Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is:  CH  C 

CH3 CH   CH


(a) Pent-4-yn-2-ene (b) Pent-3-en-1-yne (c) Pent-2-en-4-yne (d) Pent-1-yn-3-ene

Solution

In the compound, there are five carbon atoms in the parent chain. It has a triple bond at the first
position and a double bond at the third position as per the lowest locant rule. Therefore, the
IUPAC name of the compound is pent-3-en-1-yne. 5 4 3 2 1
Thus, option (b) is the correct answer. CH3 CH   CH  C  CH


Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is:

(a) 5-Methyl-4-(1’,2’-dimethylpropyl) heptane
(b) 3-Methyl-4-(1’,2’-dimethylpropyl) heptane
(c) 2,3,5-Trimethyl-4-propylheptane
(d) 4-Propyl-2,3,5-trimethylheptane

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Solution

In the parent chain, there are seven carbon atoms.

There are three methyl side chains at the second, 3
third, and fifth positions, respectively. One propyl 2
group is at the fourth position. 1
That parent chain which has a maximum number of 6
substituents attached is then selected. Therefore, the 7 5 3
4 2 1
IUPAC name is 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-propylheptane.
Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is:

(a) 3-Methyl-4-ethyloctane (b) 2,3-Diethylheptane
(c) 5-Ethyl-6-methyloctane (d) 4-Ethyl-3-methyloctane

Solution

In the parent chain, there are eight carbon atoms.

There is one methyl and one ethyl group at the third 2
1 3 4 7
and the fourth position, respectively. The ethyl group
5 6
comes first as compared to the methyl due to the
alphabetical order. Therefore, the IUPAC name is 1 8
4-ethyl-3-methyloctane.
2
Thus, option (d) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

Me

Et
Write the correct IUPAC name of the given
compounds:

(I) (II)

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Solution

1 3
In compound (I), the parent chain is cyclobutane and 4 1 2
propyl is the side chain.
IUPAC name: Propylcyclobutane
3 2

In compound (II), the parent chain is cyclopentane. Me

There is one ethyl group and one methyl group 2
attached to this parent chain. As the numbering starts 1 Et
according to the alphabetical order, the ethyl group 3
gets the first priority.
IUPAC name: 1-Ethyl-2-methylcyclopentane 4 5

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

In which of the following compounds is the IUPAC numbering correct?

(a) 4 (b) (c) (d) 1

6 1
5 3 2
6
5 6 2
1
6 2 5 3
4 2 5
1 3 4
3
4

Solution

In option (a), the numbering should start from the 5 3

carbon atom that has more branched chain. Thus, it is
incorrect. 6 2
1

In option (b), there is no branched chain substituent on 6

the second carbon. However, on the reverse side, 5
there is a branched chain substituent at second 1
carbon. Numbering should be done in such a manner 4 2
so that the substituent gets the lowest possible 3
number. Thus, it is incorrect.

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In option (c), there are three side chains, which are 1

ethyl, methyl and propyl. Thus, the numbering
6 2
should be done alphabetically, i.e., ethyl, methyl and
propyl get 1, 3, and 5 numbers, respectively. Thus, it 5
is the correct numbering. 3
4

1
In option (d), the numbering should start according
2
to the alphabetical order. So, the ethyl group should 6
get the first priority in numbering. Thus, it is
5 3
incorrect.
Thus, option (c) is the correct answer. 4

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is: HC 

 C  CH 
  CH2

(a) 1-Butyn-3-ene (b) But-1-yne-3-ene (c) But-1-en-3-yne (d) 3-Butene-1-yne

Solution

4 3 2 1
HC 

 C  CH 
 CH2

In the parent chain, there are four carbon atoms. Among the double and triple bonds, the double
bond gets the priority over the triple bond as ene comes first in the alphabetical order compared
to yne. So, the numbering starts from the double bond. Therefore, the IUPAC name of the
compound is but-1-en-3-yne.
Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is:

(a) 3-Ethyl-4-methylhex-4-ene (b) 4,4-Diethyl-3-methylbut-2-ene
(c) 4-Methyl-3-methylhex-4-ene (d) 4-Ethyl-3-methylhex-2-ene

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Solution

In the parent chain, there are six carbons and the

numbering starts from that side in which the double
bond gets the lower number. There is one methyl and 1
4
one ethyl group attached to the third and fourth 6 5 3
2
positions, respectively. Thus, the IUPAC name of the 1
compound is 4-ethyl-3-methylhex-2-ene. 2
Thus, option (d) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

Select the structure with the correct numbering in the chain.

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
 
(a) H2C  CH  CH2  C  (b) CH  CH 
 CH  CH  C 
 CH
 CH 3 2 
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(c) CH2   CH2 (d) CH2 
 CH  CH2  CH 
 CH  CH   CH  CH2  C 
 CH  CH   CH


Solution

In the numbering of the alkene and alkyne, there are two rules.
• Rule of first point of difference i.e, the numbering should start from the side where the lowest
locant is present.
• If both alkene and alkyne get the same number, then the numbering is done according to the
alphabetical order and alkene gets the priority.
According to these rules, only option (d) has the correct numbering.
Thus, option (d) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

Identify the correct structure of hexa-1,3-dien-5-yne.

(a) (b) .
(c) (d)

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Solution

In hexa-1,3-dien-5-yne, there are six carbons in the 2 4

parent chain. 1 5 6
The double bond is on the first and third positions, 3
and there is a triple bond on the 5th position.
Thus, option (a) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is: H3C  CH 
 CH  CH  CH 
 CH2
OH
(a) Hexa-2,5-dien-4-ol (c) Hexa-1,4-dien-3-ol
(b) 3-Hydroxyhexan-1,4-diene (d) 4-Hydroxyhex-2,5-diene

Solution

In the parent chain, there are six carbon atoms. So, the
OH group gets the highest priority. The numbering is 6 5 4 3 2 1
H3C  CH 
 CH  CH  CH 
 CH2
done from that side where the OH group as well as the
double bond are getting the lowest number. OH
Thus, option (c) is the correct answer. IUPAC name: Hexa-1,4-dien-3-ol

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

O
Write the correct IUPAC name of C6H5COCl.

(a) Benzene chloride (b) Benzene chloroketone Cl

(c) Benzenecarbonyl chloride (d) Chlorophenyl ketone

Solution

In this compound, the carbonyl chloride is attached to the benzene ring. Thus, the IUPAC name is
benzenecarbonyl chloride.
Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.

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Based on writing the IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is: C3H7 C3H7

(a) 4,5-Dimethyloct-4-ene (b) 2,3-Dipropylbut-2-ene C

C
(c) 4-Methyl-5-propylhex-4-ene (d) None of the above CH3 CH3

Solution

In this compound, there is no fixed structure of C3H7, it could be propyl or isopropyl. Thus, without
any fixed structure of the C3H7 group, we cannot tell the IUPAC name of this compound.
Thus, option (d) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is:

(a) 4-Ethyl-2-methyl-1-propylcyclohexane
(b) 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-propylcyclohexane
(c) 5-Ethyl-1-methyl-2-propylcyclohexane
(d) 1-Methyl-3-ethyl-6-propylcyclohexane

Solution

In this compound, the parent chain is cyclohexane. 6

There are three alkyl chains attached to the 3 2 1 1
5
cyclohexane and the numbering starts from the side
having the lowest locant possible. 2 4 2
1
IUPAC name: 4-Ethyl-2-methyl-1-propylcyclohexane 3
Thus option (a) is the correct answer

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is:

(a) 4-Hydroxy-1-methylpentanal CH3  CH  CH 

 C  CHO
(b) 4-Hydroxy-2-methylpent-2-en-1-al
OH CH3
(c) 2-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-en-5-al
(d) 2-Hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-en-5-al

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Solution

In the parent chain, there are five carbon atoms. The

CHO group is the highest priority functional group. 5 4 3 2 1
The hydroxide group is present on the fourth position, CH3  CH  CH 
  CHO
C
and the double bond and the methyl group are on the
OH CH3
second position. Thus, the IUPAC name of the
compound is 4-hydroxy-2-methylpent-2-en-1-al.
Thus option (b) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is:

H NO2
(a) 1-Bromo-1-ethyl-2-fluoro-2-iodo-1-nitroethane
(b) 3-Bromo-4-fluoro-4-iodo-3-nitrobutane F  C  C  C2H5
(c) 2-Bromo-1-fluoro-1-iodo-2-nitrobutane I Br
(d) 1-Fluoro-1-iodo-2-bromo-2-ethyl-2-nitroethane

Solution

In this compound, there are four carbon atoms in the

parent chain. The two substituents, fluoro and iodo
H NO2
groups, are present on the first position; and the 1 2 3 4
other two substituents, nitro and bromo groups, are F  C  C  CH2  CH3
present on the second position. Thus, the IUPAC
I Br
name of the compound is:
2-bromo-1-fluoro-1-iodo-2-nitrobutane.
Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.

Based on IUPAC nomenclature

Which of the following is the incorrect IUPAC name for the given structures?

(a) H3C  C  CH  CH3 (b) H3C  CH  CH  CH3

O CH3 CH3 CH2CH3

2-Methyl-3-butanone 2, 3-Dimethylpentane

(c) CH3  C 
 CCH(CH3)2
 (d) H3C  CH  CH  CH3

Cl Br
4-Methyl-2-pentyne 3-Chloro-2-bromobutane

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Solution

S. No. IUPAC name Compound Explanation

There are four carbons in the
parent chain and the carbonyl
1 2 3 4 group gets priority over the
H3C  C  CH  CH3 methyl group. Thus, the
(a) 2-Methyl-3-butanone
carbonyl group should get
O CH3 the lowest number. Hence, it
is incorrect IUPAC name of
the given structure.

In the parent chain, there are

1 2 3 five carbons and the methyl
(b) H3C  CH  CH  CH3 group is at the second and
2,3-Dimethylpentane 4 5 third positions. Thus, it is the
CH3 CH2CH3 correct IUPAC name of the
given structure.

In the parent chain, there

are five carbon atoms. The
triple bond is on the second
position and the methyl
1 2 3 4 5 group is on the fourth
CH3  C 
 C  CH  CH3 position. Triple bond gets
(c) 4-Methyl-2-pentyne 
priority over the alkyl group
CH3 while numbering the
principal carbon chain.
Thus, it is the correct IUPAC
name of the given structure.

In the parent chain, there

are four carbon atoms.
The substituents, bromo
and chloro groups,
4 3 2 1 should have been written
(d) H3C  CH  CH  CH3 in alphabetical order (i.e.,
3-Chloro-2-bromobutane
2-Bromo-3-chlorobutane).
Cl Br
Thus, it is incorrect
IUPAC name of the given
structure.

Thus, options (a) and (d) are the correct answers.

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Based on IUPAC nomenclature

Which nomenclature is not according to the IUPAC system?

(a) Br CH2 CH CH2 (b) CH3

1-Bromoprop-2-ene H3C CH2 C CH2 CHCH3

Br CH3
4-Bromo-2,4-dimethylhexane
CH3

(c) CH CH CH2 CH2CH3 (d) CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH2COOH

O
5-Oxohexanoic acid

2-Methyl-3-phenylpentane

Solution

S. No. IUPAC name Compound Explanation

The first priority

should be given to
3 2 1 double bond and
(a) 1-Bromoprop-2-ene Br CH2 CH CH2 not to the bromo
group. So, it is an
incorrect name.

The parent chain

has six carbon
atoms. There are
CH3 two methyl groups
6 5 4 3 2 1 on the second and
4-Bromo-2,
(b) H3C CH2 C CH2 CHCH3 fourth positions, and
4-dimethylhexane
the Br group is
Br CH3 also there on the
fourth position.
Thus, it is the
correct IUPAC
name.

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The parent chain

CH3 has five carbon
atoms. The methyl
1 2 3 4 5 group is at the
CH3 CH CH CH2CH3
2-Methyl-3- second position and
(c)
phenylpentane the phenyl group is
at the third position.
Thus, it has the
correct IUPAC
name.

The parent chain

has six carbon
atoms. The highest
priority group is the
6 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH2COOH carboxylic acid
(d) 5-Oxohexanoic group and the oxo
acid O prefix is used for
the carbonyl group
at the fifth position.
Thus, it has the
correct IUPAC
name.

Thus, option (a) is the correct answer.

Based on writing the IUPAC nomenclature

Which of the following is the correct structure for 6-amino-4-hydroxycyclohex-2-ene-1-sulphonic

acid?
(a) SO3H (b) SO3H

NH2
HO NH2

HO
SO3H
SO3H
(c) (d) NH2

NH2
OH
OH

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 21

Solution

According to the given IUPAC name, the parent chain

has six carbon atoms. The double bond is on the 2
1 SO3H
second position. The positions of the amino, hydroxy 3
and sulphonic acid groups are on the sixth, fourth and
first positions, respectively. Thus, the structure of the 4 6
HO NH2
compound is given as shown: 5
Thus, option (b) is the correct answer.

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