ITF One Shot

Nature of Chapter:
1. It will be very easy in beginning, but afterwards it becomes little confusing.
2. Basics of trigonometry will be required.
3. Just keep in mind, value of inverse trigonometric functions is an angle.
4. Formulae will not trouble you like they do in trigonometry, but practice
will be required to avoid mistakes.
Weightage of ITF (Last 5 years)
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Average
JEE Main 1.4 % 2.5 % 2.0 % 1.7 % 0.5 % 1.8 % 1.7 %
Jee Advanced 3% 6% 3% 3% 0% 0% 2.5 %

Inverse Trigonometric Functions
● Defining Inverse Trigonometric Function
● Composition of Trigonometric and its Inverse function
● Some important Results
● Sum and difference of ITF
● Summation of Series
● Simplification of Inverse Trigonometric Expression
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Critical Topics in the Chapter
● Principal domain
● Composition of Trigonometric and its Inverse function
● Sum and difference of Inverse Trigonometric functions
● Simplification of Inverse Trigonometric Expression
Defining Inverse Trigonometric functions
1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and
hence have its inverse function.

1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and
hence have its inverse function.
The new domain of sin x i.e. is called principal domain of sin x.

-1
Q If sin-1 x + sin-1 y = -𝜋 and xy = m then 22m + 2m = ?
A 2
B 4
C 6
D 8
Q If sin-1 x + sin-1 y = -𝜋 and xy = m then 22m + 2m = ?
A 2
B 4
C 6
D 8
Solution:
If sin-1x + sin-1y = -𝜋
As minimum value of sin-1 x and sin-1 y is - .
Thus, it is only possible when
x=y=-1
∵ xy = m
⇒ (-1)(-1) = m
⇒m=1
Thus, 22m + 2m = 22 + 2 = 6
Q Find domain of sin-1(1 + 2x)
Solution:
Q Find range of : when
Solution: (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Remark :
If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

2. For cos x : [0, 𝜋] → [−1, 1], the function y = cos x is bijective and
hence we have its inverse function:
2. For cos x : [0, 𝜋] → [−1, 1], the function y = cos x is bijective and
hence we have its inverse function:
cos−1 x : [-1, 1] → [0, 𝜋]
Principal domain of cos x is [0, 𝜋]

Q If , then the value of
x1 + x2 + x3 is equal to
A 3
B -3
C 1
D 0
Q If , then the value of
x1 + x2 + x3 is equal to
A 3
B -3
C 1
D 0
Solution:
Given,
As maximum value of is π.
So RHS is only possible when all are maximum and for that
Thus, x1 + x2 + x3 = -3
Q Find domain :
Solution:
Given,
As we know, gives range as [0, 1) for all values of ‘x’.
Thus, domain is R.
Q Find range of : when
Solution: (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Remark :

3. For , we have
-
-
Q Find the range of
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Remark :

JEE Main 27th Aug, 2021
Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

values of the function f(x) = tan-1(sin x + cos x) in Then
the value of tan(M - m) is equal to:
D
Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

values of the function f(x) = tan-1(sin x + cos x) in Then
the value of tan(M - m) is equal to:
D
Solution:
4.
4.
4.
cosec−1(2) =
cosec−1(−2)=
5.
5.
JEE Main 24th Jan, 2023 - S1
A 𝜋/2
B 𝜋/3
C 𝜋/6
D 𝜋/4
JEE Main 24th Jan, 2023 - S1
A 𝜋/2
B 𝜋/3
C 𝜋/6
D 𝜋/4
Solution:
Y
6. For cot x : (0, 𝜋) → (−∞, ∞)
cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)
–π -π O π π
2 2
6. For cot x : (0, 𝜋) → (−∞, ∞)
cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)
cot−1(1) =
cot−1(−1) =
Remark :
You can group sin−1 x, cosec−1 x, tan−1 x together and
cos−1 x, sec−1 x, cot−1 x together as far as outputs are
concerned corresponding to −ve inputs
Observation :
We can easily draw graphs of inverse trigonometric functions simply
by reflecting graphs of trigonometric function about y = x.
Composition of Trigonometric and its inverse function
1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

∀ x ∈ domain. (i.e. its always true)
Q Express sin-1 (⅓) in terms of other 5 inverse
Solution: trigonometric functions
Q The value of tan2 (sec-1 3) + cot2 (cosec-1 4) is :
A 9
B 16
C 25
D 23
Q The value of tan2 (sec-1 3) + cot2 (cosec-1 4) is :
A 9
B 16
C 25
D 23
Solution:
JEE Main 26th June, 2022
Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then
is equal to
A 0
D
JEE Main 26th June, 2022
Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then
is equal to
A 0
D
Solution:
Find the value of
Q
(a)
(b)
Observations :
(i) cos(2cos-1 x) =
(ii) cos(2sin-1 x) =
(iii) sin(2 tan-1 x) =
(iv) cos(2 tan-1 x) =
(v) sin(3sin-1 x) =
Q Solve the following inequality : cos−1x > cos−1x2
Remark :

Q Solve the following inequality : cos−1x > cos−1x2
Ans: [-1, 0)
Solution:
x [-1, 0)
Q The set of all real values of x satisfying is
Remark :

Q The set of all real values of x satisfying is
Remark :

Solution:
Q If (cot-1 x)2 - 7(cot-1 x) + 10 > 0, then the range of x will be
A (-∞, cot 2)
B (-∞, cot 5)
C (cot 2, cot 5)
D (cot 2, ∞)
Remark :

Q If (cot-1 x)2 - 7(cot-1 x) + 10 > 0, then the range of x will be
A (-∞, cot 2)
B (-∞, cot 5)
C (cot 2, cot 5)
D (cot 2, ∞)
Solution:
Q The domain of is
D
Q The domain of is
D
Solution:


2. sin−1(sinx) = cos−1(cosx) =.... = cot−1(cot x) = x

only if x ∈ principal domain
Evaluate:
Q
(a) (b)
Solution: (c) cos-1(cos 2) (d)

Some Important Results
Inverse Trigonometric Function at ‘-x’

sin-1(-x) = -sin-1 x
cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1 x
tan-1(-x) = -tan-1 x
sin-1(-x) = -sin-1 x cos-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cos-1 x
cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1 x sec-1(-x) = 𝜋 - sec-1 x
tan-1(-x) = -tan-1 x cot-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cot-1 x

Q Evaluate:
(a) cos-1(cos 10) (b) tan-1(tan(-6))
Q Evaluate:
(a) cos-1(cos 10)
Solution:
We know that cos-1(cos θ) = θ, if 0 ≤ θ ≤ 𝜋
Here, θ = 10 rad.
Clearly, it does not lie between 0 and 𝜋.
However, (4𝜋 - 10) lies between 0 and 𝜋 such that cos(4𝜋 - 10) = cos 10
⇒ cos-1(cos 10) = cos-1(cos(4𝜋 - 10)) = 4𝜋 - 10
Q Evaluate:
(b) tan-1(tan(-6))
Solution:
=
=
JEE Main 1st Sep 2021
cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12)) is equal
Q
to: (The inverse trigonometric functions take
the principal values)
A 3π - 11
B 4π - 9
C 4π - 11
D 3π + 1
JEE Main 1st Sep 2021
cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12)) is equal
Q
to: (The inverse trigonometric functions take
the principal values)
A 3π - 11
B 4π - 9
C 4π - 11
D 3π + 1
Solution:
cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12))
= (2π - 5) + (6 - 2π) - (12 - 4π)
= 4π - 11
Graph of: y = sin-1 (sin x)
Graph of: y = cos-1 (cos x)
Y
𝜋/2
X
-2𝜋 -𝜋 -𝜋/2 0 𝜋/2 𝜋 2𝜋
Graph of: y = tan-1 (tan x)
X
-2𝜋 -3𝜋/2 -𝜋 -𝜋/2 0 𝜋/2 𝜋 3𝜋/2 2𝜋
-𝜋/2
JEE Advanced 2023, P-1
Q
Ans: 3
Solution:
Inverse Trigonometric Functions of complementary functions
Inverse Trigonometric Functions of complementary functions
(a)
(b)
(c)
Q Evaluate the following:
(a) (b)
(a)
Solution:
(b)
Solution:
Q Solve for x :
(i) 4 sin-1 x + cos-1 x = 3𝞹/4
(ii) 5 tan-1 x + 3 cot-1 x = 7𝞹/4
(iii) cos−1 x − sin−1 x = 0
Q Solve for x :
(i) 4 sin-1 x + cos-1 x = 3𝞹/4
Solution:
Q Solve for x :
(ii) 5 tan-1 x + 3 cot-1 x = 7𝞹/4
Solution:
Q Solve for x :
(iii) cos−1 x − sin−1 x = 0
Solution:
JEE Main 2013
Q Solve for x : sin−1 x > cos−1 x ; x ∈ (0, 1)
C (0, 1)
D
JEE Main 2013
Q Solve for x : sin−1 x > cos−1 x ; x ∈ (0, 1)
C (0, 1)
D
Solution:
Q The minimum value of (sin−1 x)3 + (cos−1 x)3 is
D
Q The minimum value of (sin−1 x)3 + (cos−1 x)3 is
D
Solution:
Solution:
D
D
Solution:
Q The range of y = sin-1 2x + cos-1 2x + tan-1 4x is
D
Q The range of y = sin-1 2x + cos-1 2x + tan-1 4x is
D
Solution:
Given, y = sin-1 2x + cos-1 2x + tan-1 4x
Here, domain of function will be [−1/2,1/2]
Thus, now for range
Thus, range is
Inverse Trigonometric Functions at ‘1/x’
Inverse Trigonometric Functions at ‘1/x’
Q Evaluate:
Hint:
Solution:
=
Q Evaluate: for x < 0 .
Solution:
For x < 0,
Thus, we have
= = =
ITF in terms of each other
For
1
sin-1 x x
For
cos-1 x 1
x
Remark :
Q Evaluate:
(a) (b)
Q Evaluate:
(a)
Solution:
Given
Since
∴
Q Evaluate:
(b)
Solution:
Given
Evaluate the following:
Q
(a) (b) (c)
Recall :
For
For
-x 1
is +ve now & hence use above approach again.

Q If x takes all permissible negative values, then
cos-1 x is equal to
D
Q If x takes all permissible negative values, then
cos-1 x is equal to
D
Solution:
Sum and Difference of ITF
1.
1.
NOTE :
2.
Q Evaluate:
Solution:
Method I:
=
=
=
Result :
if
Solution:
Method II:
=
Recall :
Can you observe that
Can you observe that
Proof:
Applying tan on both sides

Q Evaluate:
Solution:
Q Find x if:
Solution:
Q Solve for x:
Solution:
Solution:
JEE Main 2021
A loge 2
B loge (e/2)
C e
D e2 - 1
JEE Main 2021
A loge 2
B loge (e/2)
C e
D e2 - 1
Solution:
JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023
If the sum of all the solutions of
Q
Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.

JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023
If the sum of all the solutions of
Q
Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.
Ans: 2
Solution:
3. (i) under some good condition
(ii) under some good condition
4. (i) under some good condition
(ii) under some good condition

JEE Main 16th March, 2021
Given that the inverse trigonometric functions take principal
Q
values only. Then, the number of real values of x which satisfy
is equal to
A 2
B 0
C 3
D 1
JEE Main 16th March, 2021
Given that the inverse trigonometric functions take principal
Q
values only. Then, the number of real values of x which satisfy
is equal to
A 2
B 0
C 3
D 1
Solution:
JEE Main 2019 & IIT 2005
Q If cos-1 x - cos-1 (y/2) = 𝞪, then 4x2 - 4 xy cos 𝞪 + y2 is equal to
A 2 sin 2𝞪
B 4
C 4 sin2𝞪
D - 4 sin2𝞪
JEE Main 2019 & IIT 2005
Q If cos-1 x - cos-1 (y/2) = 𝞪, then 4x2 - 4 xy cos 𝞪 + y2 is equal to
A 2 sin 2𝞪
B 4
C 4 sin2𝞪
D - 4 sin2𝞪
Solution:
JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023
Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

Sin-1 x = 2 tan-1 x is equal to _____.
JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023
Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

sin-1 x = 2 tan-1 x is equal to _____.
Ans: 2
Solution:
JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023 - S1
is equal to
JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023 - S1
is equal to
Ans: 4
Solution:
Solution:
Summation of Series
Q Evaluate:
Solution:
Given,
Since,
Q
The value of
D
Q
The value of
D
Solution:
JEE Main 2020
Q If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series
then tan(S) is equal to
D
JEE Main 2020
Q If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series
then tan(S) is equal to
D
Solution:
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:
Ans:
C 100
D
C 100
D
Solution:
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Given,
Now here,
Simplification of Inverse Trigonometric Expressions
List of most commonly used formulae and expressions.
Q Simplify the following:
(a)
(b)
(a)
Solution:
Given,
(As i.e. lies in principle domain of )

(b)
Solution:
Given,
(As i.e. lies in principle domain of )

Q
Where x ∈ (0, 1) then x is equal to
D
Q
Where x ∈ (0, 1) then x is equal to
D
Solution:
Q Solve for x:
Q Solve for x:
Solution:
Put
This will hold if

So, we get
Q Solve for x:
Solution:
Put
So, we get
This will hold if

Q Solve for x:
Solution:
Put, This will hold if
So, we get
Q Solve for x:
Solution:
So, we get
Q Solve for x:
Solution:
Put,
So, we get
This will hold if

Q Solve for x:
Solution:
Put,
So, we get
This will hold if

Q Solve for x:
Solution:
Put,
So, we get,
This will hold if

Q The solution of the equation is
D
Q The solution of the equation is
D
Solution:
So, we get
Q
then find the value of f(2013).

Solution:

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Nature of Chapter:

1. It will be very easy in beginning, but afterwards it becomes little confusing.

2. Basics of trigonometry will be required.

3. Just keep in mind, value of inverse trigonometric functions is an angle.

JEE Main 1.4 % 2.5 % 2.0 % 1.7 % 0.5 % 1.8 % 1.7 %

Jee Advanced 3% 6% 3% 3% 0% 0% 2.5 %

1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and

hence have its inverse function.

1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and

hence have its inverse function.

The new domain of sin x i.e. is called principal domain of sin x.

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

cos−1 x : [-1, 1] → [0, 𝜋]

Principal domain of cos x is [0, 𝜋]

As we know, gives range as [0, 1) for all values of ‘x’.

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)

6. For cot x : (0, 𝜋) → (−∞, ∞)

cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)

1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then

Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then

(iii) sin(2 tan-1 x) =

(iv) cos(2 tan-1 x) =

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

2. sin−1(sinx) = cos−1(cosx) =.... = cot−1(cot x) = x

Solution: (c) cos-1(cos 2) (d)

Inverse Trigonometric Function at ‘-x’

Inverse Trigonometric Function at ‘-x’

Inverse Trigonometric Function at ‘-x’

sin-1(-x) = -sin-1 x cos-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cos-1 x

cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1 x sec-1(-x) = 𝜋 - sec-1 x

tan-1(-x) = -tan-1 x cot-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cot-1 x

Q Solve for x : sin−1 x > cos−1 x ; x ∈ (0, 1)

Q Solve for x : sin−1 x > cos−1 x ; x ∈ (0, 1)

is +ve now & hence use above approach again.

Applying tan on both sides

Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.

Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.

3. (i) under some good condition

(ii) under some good condition

4. (i) under some good condition

(ii) under some good condition

Q If cos-1 x - cos-1 (y/2) = 𝞪, then 4x2 - 4 xy cos 𝞪 + y2 is equal to

Q If cos-1 x - cos-1 (y/2) = 𝞪, then 4x2 - 4 xy cos 𝞪 + y2 is equal to

Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

Q If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series

then tan(S) is equal to

Q If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series

then tan(S) is equal to

(As i.e. lies in principle domain of )