ABSTRACT

Herbal shampoo is used to cleansing of the hair also conditioning,

smoothing, of the hair surface, good health of hair, hair free of dandruff,
dirt grease and lice above all, it’s safety benefits are expected. The
advantage of herbal cosmetics is their non-toxic nature, reduce the allergic
reactions and time tested usefulness of many ingredients. Thus in present
work, we found good properties for the herbal shampoo and further
optimization study benefits of herbal shampoo on human use as cosmetic
product. Herbal shampoos are the cosmetic preparations that with the use
of traditional ayurvedic herbs are meant for cleansing the hair and scalp
just like the regular shampoo. They are used for removal of oils, dandruff,
dirt, environmental pollution. r. It is also supply softness, smoothness, and
Shines for the hair. Various drugs are used for the pre mixture of
cosmetics Shampoo. Such drugs shows different side effects such as hair
loss, high scaling, Scratching, discomfort, nausea and headache. Therefore
an experiment is made to prepare herbal shampoo that is free from side
effects

Keywords – Cosmetic, Herbal Shampoo, Ayurvedic Herbs

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INTRODUCTION

Herbal Shampoo are probably the most widely used cosmetic products for cleansing
Hairs and scalp in our daily life Herbal shampoos are the cosmetic preparations That
with the use of traditional ayurvedic herbs are meant for cleansing the hair And scalp
just like the regular shampoo. They are used for removal of oils, dandruff, ,
environmental pollutions etc. shampoo is a type of cosmetic mixture that uses herbs
from plants. Shampoos are most probably used as cosmetics. Shampoos are most
likely utilized as beautifying agents and are a viscous solution of detergents contaning
suitable additives preservatives and active ingredients(3). It is a harmless, chronic
condition that occurs when scalp be.comes dry or greasy and produces white flakes of
dead skin that appear in hair or on shoulders. People most often think of it as anything
that produces a flaky scalp. (7)A good shampoo should almost Immed”atel’ form
abundant foam irrespective of the type of water used Or the nature of soil or fat to be
removed from hair. Concept foam formation is not released to the Cleansing effect,
but people psychologically always prefer a high foam product. Some good shampoos
Are found to have side effects like drying effect on the hair. This leaves the hair too
dry to handle or Comb. hence proper conditioning of the hair is also an important
consideration, some shampoos cause Irritation to the eye and a lasting corneal cloud.
These should be. Herbal shampoo Shampoos are most probably used as beautifying It
is a hair care product that is used for cleanse scalp and hair in our daily life.
Shampoos are most likely utilized as beautifying agents and are sticky solution of
detergents containing suitable additives preservatives and active Ingredients. It is
usually applied on wet hair,Massaging into the hair, and cleansed by insing with
water.

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STRUCTURE OF HAIR

Figure – 1 hair of anatomy

At the base of the hair, the hair root widens to a spherical hair bulb.The
hair papilla, which elements the hair root with blood, is discovered interior
the backside of the hair bulb. New hair cells arecontinuously being in the
hair bulb, shut to the papilla New cells are continuously forming in the
hair bulb. These cells stick collectively and harden. The full strand of hair
develops fromthis team of hardened hair cells.
Because new hardened cells hold on attaching to the hair from below, it is
progressively pushed up out of the skin. In this way, a single hair on your
head grows at a fee of about 1 cm per month The shade of the hair is
decided by means of the quantity of melanin in the hardened cells. This
can fluctuate a lot from character to person, and it adjustments over the
direction of a lifetime. The quantity of melanin typically decreases as
human beings get older, and greater air receives trapped inner the hair –

3
itthen loses its color and turns white. Depending on someone’s authentic
hair shade and the variety of white hairs that develop ,thehair on their on
their head then turns grey or white.

HISTORY

Indian subcontinent: It definitely made a lasting impression. “To this day, we still get
requests from women to bring back the original Herbal Essences scent!” said
Zipperian. In the Indian subcontinent, a variety of herbs and their extracts havebeen
used as shampoos since ancient times. A very effective early shampoo was made by
boiling Sapindus with dried Indian gooseberry (amla) and a selection of other herbs,
using the strained extract. Sapindus, also known as soapberries or soapnuts, a tropical
tree widespread in India, is called ksuna[3].In ancient Indian texts and its fruitpulp
contains saponins which are a natural surfactant. The extract of soapberries creates a
lather which Indian texts called phenaka[4]. It leaves the hair soft, shiny and
manageable. Other products used for hair cleansing were shikakai (Acacia concinna),
hibiscus flowers,ritha (Sapindus mukorossi) and arappu (Albizzia amara)[7].Guru
Nanak, thefounder and the first Guru of Sikhism, made references to soapberry tree
and soap in the 16th century.[8] Cleansing with hair and body massage (champu)
during one's daily bath was an indulgence of early colonial traders in India. When
they returned to Europe, they introduced the
newly learned habits, including the hair treatment they called shampoo [9]. The
“Original Herbal Essences” shampoo from 1971 was a bold blend of green
herbaceous notes with a big white floral middle and a balsamic musky background.
Clairol introduced Herbal Essence in 1971. The original Herbal Essence (now called
Herbal Essences) used a cartoon image of the nature girl in a pool on the front label.

IDEAL PROPERTIES Of HERBAL SHAMPOO

 It should effectively and completely remove dust or soil, excessive

sebum or other fatty Substances and loose corneal cells from the
hair.

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  It should produce a good amount of foam to satisfy the
psychological requirements of The user.
 It should be easily removed on rinsing with water.

 It should leave the hair non ‐dry, soft, shiny with good
menagebility minimum Fly away.

 It should impart a pleasant perfume to the hair.

 It should not cause any reaction/ irritation to skin or eye. It should not make
the hand rough and chapped.

BENEFITS OF HERBAL SHAMPOO

 More luster.
 Less hair shedding.
 Color that endures.
 Hairs that are stronger and more robust
 Chemical-free and all-natural.

 Maintain wholesome natural oils.

ADVANTAGE OF HERBAL SHAMPOO

 Simple to produce and inexpensive.

 Widely accessible and present in both number and variety.
 They have no adverse side effects and did not cause an allergic reaction
 Easily absorbed into skin and hair,
 Enhance hair care
 Shampoo maintains smooth, silky hair.
 Using herbal shampoo will help you achieve the ideal oil balance.

DISADVANTAGE OF HERBAL SHAMPOO

 Sometimes difficult to disguise taste and odor.

 Because herbal medicines work more slowly than allopathic ones, long-term

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 treatment is necessary.

USE OF INGREDIENTS

1.Soap nut extract

 Stops Hair fall

 Prevent dandruff
 Fight against scalp Infection

2. Amla Extract

 Strengthen the scalp and Hair.

 Reduce Hair Loss.
 Stimulate Hair Growth.
 Prevent or treat dandruff and dry scalp.
 Improve overall appearance of Hairs.
 Prevent or treat fungal and Bacterial hair and scalp infections.

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3. Shikakai Extract

 Prevents Grays.
 Add more shine to the Hairs.
 Cleanses Hair.
 Crubs Hair Loss.
 Prevent Lice,Psoriasis,Eczema & Scabies.
 Prevents Splits ends.

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4. Aloe vera

 Strengthens.
 Calms an itchy scalp.
 Deeps Cleans Oily hairs.
 Promote hair growth.
 Smooth natural curls.
 Reduce frizzing

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 Figyre 5-Aleo Vera

5.Rose Oil

 It repairs hair damage .

 Improves Growth of hairs .
 Reduces the dandruff.
 Gives fragrance to the shampoo

Figure-6-Rose Oil

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6. Lemon Juice

 Add More shine.

 Get rid of dandruff .
 Split ends.
 Reduces Hair fall.

Figure-7-Lemon Juice

7. Reetha

Sapindus Mukorossi-Sapindaceae, Soapnuts is also called as Arishtak in Ayurveda

And “Soap nut tree” in India. It is well known for Its traditional medicinal uses and is
commonly used As a hair cleanser. Anti- dandruff agentIs an anti hair loss
shampoo,the Natural antifungal and anti bacterial which may Helps in anti dandruff. It
can be used on a daily basis to provide nourishment to the hair scalp and promote hair
regrowth. Reetha helps to control dandruff and promotes hair growth due to its
Tridosha stabilize property.

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 Figure-8-Retha

8. Ginger

Zingiberaceae, the Anti septic properties of ginger helps in treating Dandruff effectively by
getting rid of infections on the scalp. One of the main cause for dandruff is imbalance in PH.
Ginger balances the PH of the scalp that finally helps in hair growth.

Figure-9- Ginger

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9. Curry leaves

Murraya Koenigii-Rutaceae, Curry Leaves help to control dandruff. Its antifungal

Properties help in reducing dandruff and itchiness Leaving you with a clean scalp and
healthy hair. Curry leaves moisturize your scalp, promote hair Growth, and prevents
dandruff. Curry leaves are Rich in cell reinforcements that saturate the scalp While
disposing the dead hair follicle, helps in Preventing hair fall, premature hair graying,
and Dandruff.

Figure-10-Curry leaves

10. Senna Extract

 Strong Hairs
 Great Conditioner
 Hair Loss

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 Figure-11-Seena leaf

11. Gelatin

 Gelatin Can improve hair thickness and growth.

 Gelatin supplement or placebo for 50 weeks to 24 people with alopecia.
 It gives thickness to hairs. For strengthening of Hairs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Collection of material
TABLE 1:- Details of the plant materials study
Sr no Common Botanical Parts used Category
Name name

1 Hibiscus Hibiscus rosa- Flower Conditioning

sinensis agent
2 Amla Embilica Fruit Anti-dandruff
officinalis agent
3 Shikakai Acacia concinna Powder Detergent
4 Soapnut Sopindus indica Friut Detergent
5 Cassia Cassia auriculata Leaves Antidandruff
agent

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 6 Bring raj Eclipta prostrata Leaves,flower Hari growth
7 Aloe vera Aloe Leaf Coolant
barbadensis

FORMULATION

S. NO. MATERIAL QUANTITY MEDICINAL USE

REQUIRED
1 Neem 0.5g Antibacterial agent
2 Soap nut extract 0.5g Foaming agent
3 Amala extract 0.5g Antidandruff agent
4 Shikakai extract 0.5g Detergent
5 Hibiscus 0.5g Conditioning agent
6 Bhringraj extract 0.5g Hair growth
7 Aloe vera 0.1g Moisturizing agent
8 Gelatin qs Gelling agent
9 Lemon juice qs Antimicrobial
10 Rose oil qs fragrance

EVALUATION PARAMETERS

Organoleptic properties, pH, physicochemical characterization, and solid content were

all evaluated as part of the prepared formulation's product performance assessment. In
order to confirm the nature of the items, specific tests for surface tension, foam

14
volume, foam stability, and wetting time were conducted according to standard
procedure.

1. Determination of pH:

Together with the typical marketed products, a 1% solution of the formulation was
made, and a digital pH meter was used to measure the pH. A 1% shampoo solution
was made by combining 200 ml of distilled water with 2 ml of shampoo in a beaker.
The beaker was swirled to combine the shampoo and water without being shaken

2. Determination of percentage of solids:

Prior to anything else, the weight of an empty, dry, and clean evaporating dish was
determined and noted. The exact initial weight of the shampoo was determined by
measuring the weight of the evaporating dish after a 4 gm sample was added.
Shampoo was dried by placing the evaporating dish on a hot plate and monitoring the
weight of the shampoo until it evaporated completely. Using the following formula,
the percentage of solids was determined.
Percentage of solids: (Dried weight of shampoo/Initial weight of shampoo).

3. Determination of the foam formulation:

50 ml of the herbal shampoo formulation was added to a dry, clean measuring

cylinder, and the initial volume was noted. This allowed us to calculate the amount of
foam the herbal shampoo produced. By shaking the measuring cylinder ten times, the
final volume was determined. The formula for the foam was as follows: Foam
formation final volume of shampoo - initial volume.

4. Determination of the viscosity:

The viscosity was determined using a Brookfield viscometer where the spindle speeds
were adjusted between 0.3 and 10 rpm3. Spindle T95 was used to measure the
viscosity of each shampoo. Both the sample container's size and temperature were
kept constant throughout the investigation.

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5. Dirt dispersion test:

Two shampoo drops and ten milliliters of distilled water were combined in a sizable
test tube. The test tube was stopped and shaken ten times after adding one drop of
India ink to the mixture. The rubric indicated whether there was none, light, moderate,
or heavy ink in the foam.

6. Surface tension measurement:

A stalagmometer was used to measure the surface tension of 10% w/v shampoo in
distilled water at room temperature.

7. Physical appearance/visual inspection:

Clarity, ability to produce foam, and fluidity of the prepared formulations were
assessed.

8. Wetting time:

The canvas was divided into 1-inch-diameter discs, each weighing 0.44 grams on
average. The stopwatch was started after the disc floated on the 1% w/v shampoo
solution surface. Wetting time is the precise amount of time that the disc needed to
start sinking.

9. Rheological evaluations:

The Brookfield Viscometer (Model DV-1 Plus, LV, USA) was used to measure the
viscosity of the shampoos. It was adjusted to spindle speeds ranging from 0.3 to 10
rpm3. Spindle T95 was used to measure the shampoos' viscosity. The study
maintained constants for both the temperature and the size of the sample container.

10. Cleaning action:

16
Five grams of wool yarn were soaked in grease, and then they were placed in a flask
with 200 milliliters of water and one gram of shampoo. The water was kept at 350
degrees Celsius. For four minutes, 50 shakes per minute were applied to the flask. The
sample was taken out, dried, and weighed after the solution was removed. The
quantity of grease extracted was computed.
11. Detergency ability:

The detergency ability of the samples was assessed using the Thompson method. In a
nutshell, a clump of hair was cleaned with a 5% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) solution,
dried, and split into three-gram weight groups. A 10% artificial sebum solution in n-
hexane was added to the samples, and the mixture was shaken for fifteen minutes at
room temperature. The samples' sebum content was then ascertained after the solvent
was removed and allowed to evaporate at room temperature. The samples were then
split into two equal portions, one of which washed with 0.1 ml of the 10% test
shampoo and used as the negative control. After drying, samples' sebum was removed
using 20 milliliters of n-hexane, and the weight was again measured. The percentage
of deterrency power was then computed.

12. Foaming ability and foam stability:

The ability to foam was assessed using the cylinder shake method. In a 250 ml
graduated cylinder, 50 ml of the 1% shampoo solution was added. The cylinder was
then covered with a handshake and shaken ten times. After shaking for one minute,
the total volumes of the foam contents were noted. Only the volume of foam was
calculated. The volume of foam was immediately measured and recorded every
minute for four minutes.

13. Skin sensitization test:

Three groups of seven guinea pigs each were created. The hair on the guinea pigs'
posteriors was removed the day before the experiment began. Animals in groups were
given shampoo treatments on their bare skin. Animals were treated with a standard
irritant, a 0.8% v/v aqueous solution of formalin. After applying fresh patches or
formalin solution to the animals for up to 72 hours, the same investigator graded the
application sites using a visual scoring system. There were four points on the

17
erythema scale: zero, none, one, slight, two, well-defined, three, moderate, and four,
scar formation (severe).

14. Eye irritation test:

From the animal house, animals (albino rats) were gathered. Six albino rabbits had
their eyes held open with clips at the lid, and 1% shampoo solutions were drip-fed
into them. Throughout an average of four seconds, the rabbit's eyes were gradually
becoming more damaged. This was noted at predetermined intervals. Hemorrhaging
(bleeding), ulceration, swelling of the eyelid, inflammation of the iris, and blindness
are possible reactions to the irritants.

15. Surface characterization:

Using scanning electron microscopy (Leo 430, Leo Electron Microscopy Ltd.,
Cambridge, England), the surface morphology of the hairs was investigated. The hair
samples were directly mounted on the SEM sample stub using double-sided sewing
tape, and then they were coated with 200 nm thick gold film at 0.001 mm of Hg
pressure. For surface characterization, photomicrographs with an appropriate
magnification were acquired.

16. Stability studies:

Formulations were placed in glass tubes and kept in a humidity chamber with a
temperature of 45°C and a relative humidity of 75% to study their thermal stability.
For three months, at one-month intervals, their physical stability and appearance were
examined.

17. Visual assessment

The prepared formulation was assessed for color, clarity, odor, and froth content
Surface tension measurement. A stalagmometer was used at room temperature to

18
measure the surface tension of the shampoo that had been prepared in 10% w/v
distilled water.

CONCLUSION

Creating a shampoo that is entirely herbal and comparable to the synthetic shampoos on
the market was the study's main goal. Utilizing plant extracts, which are frequently used
in traditional medicine, we created a herbal shampoo. praises throughout Asia for their
ability to cleanse hair. As a result, all of the chemicals will used to make shampoo are
considerably less likely to cause hair or protein loss during combing than synthetic
conditioning agents like silicon dioxide and polyquaterniums. We have achieved the
conditioning results by employing plant extracts such as Shekakai, Amla, Ziziphus, and
others, rather than cationic conditioners. The physicochemical characteristics of both
prepared and commercial shampoos will be assessed and contrasted using a number of
assays. In quality control testing, the prepared shampoo will be performed similarly to
commercially available shampoo; however, more investigation and development are
needed to raise the overall quality of the product.

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