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Here's a comprehensive list of interview questions on data structures and algorithms, along
with their answers and Python code:

1. Reverse a String

Question: Reverse a given string.

Answer:

def reverse_string(s):
return s[::-1]

2. Check Palindrome

Question: Check if a string is a palindrome.

Answer:

def is_palindrome(s):
return s == s[::-1]

3. Find Factorial

Question: Calculate the factorial of a number.

Answer:
 def factorial(n):
if n <= 1:
return 1
return n * factorial(n-1)

4. Fibonacci Series

Question: Generate the nth Fibonacci number.

Answer:

def fibonacci(n):
if n <= 1:
return n
return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)

5. Linked List Cycle Detection

Question: Detect if there is a cycle in a linked list.

Answer:

class ListNode:
def __init__(self, value=0, next=None):
self.value = value
self.next = next

def has_cycle(node):
slow, fast = node, node
while fast and fast.next:
slow = slow.next
fast = fast.next.next
if slow == fast:
return True
return False

6. Merge Two Sorted Lists

Question: Merge two sorted linked lists.

Answer:
 def merge_sorted_lists(l1, l2):
dummy = ListNode(0)
current = dummy

while l1 and l2:

if l1.value < l2.value:
current.next, l1 = l1, l1.next
else:
current.next, l2 = l2, l2.next
current = current.next

current.next = l1 or l2
return dummy.next

7. Find the Middle of Linked List

Question: Find the middle element of a linked list.

Answer:

def find_middle(node):
slow, fast = node, node
while fast and fast.next:
slow = slow.next
fast = fast.next.next
return slow

8. Maximum Subarray Sum

Question: Find the maximum subarray sum using Kadane's algorithm.

Answer:

def max_subarray(nums):
max_current = max_global = nums[0]
for i in range(1, len(nums)):
max_current = max(nums[i], max_current + nums[i])
max_global = max(max_global, max_current)
return max_global

9. Check if a Tree is Balanced

Question: Check if a binary tree is balanced.

 Answer:

class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, value=0, left=None, right=None):
self.value = value
self.left = left
self.right = right

def is_balanced(root):
def check_balance(node):
if not node:
return 0, True
left_height, left_balanced = check_balance(node.left)
right_height, right_balanced = check_balance(node.right)
return max(left_height, right_height) + 1, left_balanced and
right_balanced and abs(left_height - right_height) <= 1

return check_balance(root)[1]

10. Breadth-first Search (BFS) in Graph

Question: Implement BFS for a graph.

Answer:

from collections import deque

def bfs(graph, start):

visited = set()
queue = deque([start])
while queue:
vertex = queue.popleft()
if vertex not in visited:
visited.add(vertex)
queue.extend(graph[vertex] - visited)
return visited

11. Depth-first Search (DFS) in Graph

Question: Implement DFS for a graph.

Answer:

def dfs(graph, start, visited=None):

if visited is None:
 visited = set()
visited.add(start)
for vertex in graph[start] - visited:
dfs(graph, vertex, visited)
return visited

12. Implement a Stack

Question: Implement a stack using linked list.

Answer:

class StackNode:
def __init__(self, value=0, next=None):
self.value = value
self.next = next

class Stack:
def __init__(self):
self.top = None

def push(self, value):

self.top = StackNode(value, self.top)

def pop(self):
if not self.top:
return None
value = self.top.value
self.top = self.top.next
return value

def peek(self):
return None if not self.top else self.top.value

def is_empty(self):
return self.top is None

13. Implement a Queue

Question: Implement a queue using two stacks.

Answer:

class Queue:
def __init__(self):
 self.stack1 = []
self.stack2 = []

def enqueue(self, value):

self.stack1.append(value)

def dequeue(self):
if not self.stack2:
while self.stack1:
self.stack2.append(self.stack1.pop())
return self.stack2.pop() if self.stack2 else None

14. Implement a Priority Queue

Question: Implement a priority queue using a heap.

Answer:

import heapq

class PriorityQueue:
def __init__(self):
self.queue = []

def enqueue(self, value, priority=0):

heapq.heappush(self.queue, (priority, value))

def dequeue(self):
return heapq.heappop(self.queue)[1] if self.queue else None

15. Implement Hashmap

Question: Implement a simple hashmap.

Answer:

class Hashmap:
def __init__(self):
self.size = 1000
self.map = [None] * self.size

def _hash(self, key):

return hash(key) % self.size

def put(self, key, value):

 key_hash = self._hash(key)
self.map[key_hash] = value

def get(self, key):

key_hash = self._hash(key)
return self.map[key_hash]

def remove(self, key):

key_hash = self._hash(key)
self.map[key_hash] = None

16. Binary Search

Question: Implement binary search for a sorted list.

Answer:

def binary_search(arr, x):

l, r = 0, len(arr) - 1
while l <= r:
mid = (l + r) // 2
if arr[mid] == x:
return mid
elif arr[mid] < x:
l = mid + 1
else:
r = mid - 1
return -1

17. Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)

Question: Implement a basic trie for word insert, search and prefix search.
Answer:

class TrieNode:
def __init__(self):
self.children = {}
self.is_end_of_word = False

class Trie:
def __init__(self):
self.root = TrieNode()

def insert(self, word):

 node = self.root
for char in word:
if char not in node.children:
node.children[char] = TrieNode()
node = node.children[char]
node.is_end_of_word = True

def search(self, word):

node = self.root
for char in word:
if char not in node.children:
return False
node = node.children[char]
return node.is_end_of_word

def starts_with(self, prefix):

node = self.root
for char in prefix:
if char not in node.children:
return False
node = node.children[char]
return True

18. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array

Question: Given a sorted array of integers and a target value, find the starting and
ending position of the target value using binary search.
Answer:

def search_range(nums, target):

def find_left_boundary(nums, target):
left, right = 0, len(nums) - 1
while left <= right:
mid = (left + right) // 2
if nums[mid] < target:
left = mid + 1
else:
right = mid - 1
return left

left, right = find_left_boundary(nums, target),

find_left_boundary(nums, target + 1) - 1
if left <= right:
return [left, right]
 return [-1, -1]

19. Topological Sort

Question: Implement a topological sort for a directed graph.

Answer:

from collections import defaultdict, deque

def topological_sort(vertices, edges):

graph = defaultdict(list)
in_degree = {v: 0 for v in vertices}

for u, v in edges:
graph[u].append(v)
in_degree[v] += 1

queue = deque([v for v, d in in_degree.items() if d == 0])

order = []

while queue:
vertex = queue.popleft()
order.append(vertex)
for neighbor in graph[vertex]:
in_degree[neighbor] -= 1
if in_degree[neighbor] == 0:
queue.append(neighbor)

return order if len(order) == len(vertices) else []

20. Check if a String Contains All Binary Codes of Size K

Question: Given a binary string s and an integer k , check if all binary codes of
length k is a substring of s .
Answer:

def has_all_codes(s, k):

needed = 1 << k
seen = set()

for i in range(len(s) - k + 1):

substring = s[i:i+k]
if substring not in seen:
 seen.add(substring)
needed -= 1
if needed == 0:
return True

return False

21. Implement QuickSort

Question: Implement the quicksort algorithm.

Answer:

def quicksort(arr):
if len(arr) <= 1:
return arr
pivot = arr[len(arr) // 2]
left = [x for x in arr if x < pivot]
middle = [x for x in arr if x == pivot]
right = [x for x in arr if x > pivot]
return quicksort(left) + middle + quicksort(right)

22. Implement MergeSort

Question: Implement the mergesort algorithm.

Answer:

def mergesort(arr):
if len(arr) <= 1:
return arr
mid = len(arr) // 2
left = arr[:mid]
right = arr[mid:]
return merge(mergesort(left), mergesort(right))

def merge(left, right):

result = []
i = j = 0
while i < len(left) and j < len(right):
if left[i] < right[j]:
result.append(left[i])
i += 1
else:
result.append(right[j])
 j += 1
result.extend(left[i:])
result.extend(right[j:])
return result

23. Maximum Depth of Binary Tree

Question: Find the maximum depth of a binary tree.

Answer:

def max_depth(root):
if not root:
return 0
left_depth = max_depth(root.left)
right_depth = max_depth(root.right)
return max(left_depth, right_depth) + 1

24. Count the Number of Islands

Question: Given a 2D grid consisting of '1's (land) and '0's (water), count the number
of islands. An island is surrounded by water and is formed by connecting adjacent
lands horizontally or vertically.
Answer:

def num_islands(grid):
if not grid:
return 0

count = 0
for i in range(len(grid)):
for j in range(len(grid[0])):
if grid[i][j] == '1':
dfs(grid, i, j)
count += 1
return count

def dfs(grid, i, j):

if (i < 0 or i >= len(grid) or j < 0 or j >= len(grid[0]) or grid[i][j]
!= '1'):
return
grid[i][j] = '#'
dfs(grid, i-1, j)
dfs(grid, i+1, j)
 dfs(grid, i, j-1)
dfs(grid, i, j+1)

25. Trapping Rain Water

Question: Given n non-negative integers representing an elevation map where the

width of each bar is 1, compute how much water it can trap after raining.
Answer:

def trap(height):
if not height:
return 0

n = len(height)
left_max = [0] * n
right_max = [0] * n

left_max[0] = height[0]
for i in range(1, n):
left_max[i] = max(height[i], left_max[i-1])

right_max[n-1] = height[n-1]
for i in range(n-2, -1, -1):
right_max[i] = max(height[i], right_max[i+1])

ans = 0
for i in range(n):
ans += min(left_max[i], right_max[i]) - height[i]

return ans

26. Coin Change

Question: You are given coins of different denominations and a total amount of
money amount. Write a function to compute the fewest number of coins that you
need to make up that amount. If that amount of money cannot be made up by any
combination of the coins, return -1.
Answer:

def coin_change(coins, amount):

dp = [float('inf')] * (amount + 1)
dp[0] = 0
 for coin in coins:
for x in range(coin, amount + 1):
dp[x] = min(dp[x], dp[x - coin] + 1)

return dp[amount] if dp[amount] != float('inf') else -1

27. Decode Ways

Question: A message containing letters from A-Z is being encoded to numbers using
the following mapping: 'A' -> '1', 'B' -> '2', ..., 'Z' -> '26'. Given a non-empty string
containing only digits, determine the total number of ways to decode it.
Answer:

def num_decodings(s):
if not s:
return 0

n = len(s)
dp = [0] * (n + 1)
dp[0] = 1
dp[1] = 0 if s[0] == '0' else 1

for i in range(2, n + 1):

first = int(s[i-1:i])
second = int(s[i-2:i])
if 1 <= first <= 9:
dp[i] += dp[i-1]
if 10 <= second <= 26:
dp[i] += dp[i-2]

return dp[n]

28. Container With Most Water

Question: Given n non-negative integers a1, a2, ..., an , where each represents a
point at coordinate (i, ai) . n vertical lines are drawn such that the two endpoints of
the line i is at (i, ai) and (i, 0) . Find two lines, which, together with the x-axis
forms a container, such that the container contains the most water.
Answer:
 def max_area(height):
left, right = 0, len(height) - 1
max_area = 0

while left < right:

h = min(height[left], height[right])
max_area = max(max_area, h * (right - left))
if height[left] < height[right]:
left += 1
else:
right -= 1

return max_area

29. Fibonacci Series

Question: Implement a function to compute the nth Fibonacci number.

Answer:

def fibonacci(n):
if n <= 1:
return n
a, b = 0, 1
for _ in range(2, n + 1):
a, b = b, a + b
return b

30. Longest Increasing Subsequence

Question: Given an unsorted array of integers, find the length of longest increasing
subsequence.
Answer:

def length_of_lis(nums):
if not nums:
return 0

dp = [1] * len(nums)
for i in range(len(nums)):
for j in range(i):
if nums[i] > nums[j]:
dp[i] = max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1)
 return max(dp)

31. Check for Palindrome

Question: Write a function that checks whether a given word or phrase is palindrome.
Answer:

def is_palindrome(s):
s = ''.join([c for c in s if c.isalnum()]).lower()
return s == s[::-1]

32. Maximum Subarray

Question: Given an integer array nums, find the contiguous subarray (containing at
least one number) which has the largest sum and return its sum.
Answer:

def max_sub_array(nums):
if not nums:
return 0
cur_sum = max_sum = nums[0]
for num in nums[1:]:
cur_sum = max(num, cur_sum + num)
max_sum = max(max_sum, cur_sum)
return max_sum

33. Longest Common Prefix

Question: Write a function to find the longest common prefix string amongst an array
of strings. If there is no common prefix, return an empty string "".
Answer:

def longest_common_prefix(strs):
if not strs:
return ""

prefix = strs[0]
for s in strs[1:]:
i = 0
 while i < len(prefix) and i < len(s) and prefix[i] == s[i]:
i += 1
prefix = prefix[:i]
return prefix

34. Check for Balanced Parentheses

Question: Given a string containing just the characters '(', ')', '{', '}', '[' and ']', determine
if the input string is valid. An input string is valid if brackets are closed in the correct
order.
Answer:

def is_valid(s):
stack = []
mapping = {")": "(", "}": "{", "]": "["}

for char in s:
if char in mapping:
top_element = stack.pop() if stack else '#'
if mapping[char] != top_element:
return False
else:
stack.append(char)

return not stack

35. Reverse a String

Question: Implement a function that reverses a string.

Answer:

def reverse_string(s):
return s[::-1]

36. Intersection of Two Arrays II

Question: Given two arrays, write a function to compute their intersection. Each
element in the result should appear as many times as it shows in both arrays. The
result can be in any order.
Answer:
 from collections import Counter

def intersect(nums1, nums2):

c1, c2 = Counter(nums1), Counter(nums2)
return list((c1 &amp; c2).elements())

37. Single Number

Question: Given a non-empty array of integers nums, every element appears twice
except for one. Find that single one.
Answer:

def single_number(nums):
res = 0
for num in nums:
res ^= num
return res

38. Rotate Array

Question: Given an array, rotate the array to the right by k steps, where k is non-
negative.
Answer:

def rotate(nums, k):

k %= len(nums)
nums[:] = nums[-k:] + nums[:-k]

39. Product of Array Except Self

Question: Given an array nums of n integers where n > 1, return an array output such
that output[i] is equal to the product of all the elements of nums except nums[i].
Answer:

def product_except_self(nums):
length = len(nums)
output = [1] * length
left, right = 1, 1
 for i in range(length):
output[i] *= left
left *= nums[i]
output[-1 - i] *= right
right *= nums[-1 - i]

return output

40. Implement strStr()

Question: Implement strStr() . Return the index of the first occurrence of needle in
haystack, or -1 if needle is not part of haystack.
Answer:

def str_str(haystack, needle):

if not needle:
return 0
return haystack.find(needle)

41. First Unique Character in a String

Question: Given a string, find the first non-repeating character in it and return its
index. If it doesn't exist, return -1 .
Answer:

from collections import Counter

def first_uniq_char(s):
count = Counter(s)
for idx, ch in enumerate(s):
if count[ch] == 1:
return idx
return -1

42. Two Sum

Question: Given an array of integers nums and an integer target , return indices of
the two numbers such that they add up to target .
Answer:
 def two_sum(nums, target):
num_to_index = {}
for i, num in enumerate(nums):
diff = target - num
if diff in num_to_index:
return [num_to_index[diff], i]
num_to_index[num] = i

43. Count Primes

Question: Count the number of prime numbers less than a non-negative number, n.
Answer:

def count_primes(n):
if n <= 2:
return 0
primes = [True] * n
primes[0], primes[1] = False, False
for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):
if primes[i]:
for j in range(i*i, n, i):
primes[j] = False
return sum(primes)

44. Majority Element

Question: Given an array of size n, find the majority element. The majority element is
the element that appears more than n/2 times.
Answer:

from collections import Counter

def majority_element(nums):
counts = Counter(nums)
return max(counts.keys(), key=counts.get)

45. Valid Sudoku

Question: Determine if a 9x9 Sudoku board is valid. Only the filled cells need to be
validated according to the following rules:
 Each row must contain the digits 1-9 without repetition.
Each column must contain the digits 1-9 without repetition.
Each of the 9 3x3 sub-boxes of the grid must contain the digits 1-9 without
repetition.
Answer:

def is_valid_sudoku(board):
rows = [set() for _ in range(9)]
cols = [set() for _ in range(9)]
boxes = [set() for _ in range(9)]

for i in range(9):
for j in range(9):
val = board[i][j]
if val == '.':
continue

if val in rows[i]:
return False
rows[i].add(val)

if val in cols[j]:
return False
cols[j].add(val)

box_idx = (i // 3) * 3 + j // 3
if val in boxes[box_idx]:
return False
boxes[box_idx].add(val)

return True

46. Move Zeroes

Question: Given an array nums , write a function to move all 0 's to the end of it while
maintaining the relative order of the non-zero elements.
Answer:

def move_zeroes(nums):
pos = 0
for i in range(len(nums)):
if nums[i] != 0:
nums[pos], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[pos]
 pos += 1

47. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock

Question: Say you have an array for which the i th element is the price of a given
stock on day i . If you were only permitted to complete at most one transaction (i.e.,
buy one and sell one share of the stock), design an algorithm to find the maximum
profit.
Answer:

def max_profit(prices):
if not prices:
return 0

min_price = prices[0]
max_profit = 0

for price in prices:

if price < min_price:
min_price = price
else:
max_profit = max(max_profit, price - min_price)

return max_profit

48. Valid Anagram

Question: Given two strings s and t , write a function to determine if t is an

anagram of s .
Answer:

from collections import Counter

def is_anagram(s, t):

return Counter(s) == Counter(t)

49. Maximum Depth of Binary Tree

Question: Given a binary tree, find its maximum depth. The maximum depth is the
number of nodes along the longest path from the root node down to the farthest leaf
 node.
Answer:

class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right

def max_depth(root):
if not root:
return 0
return 1 + max(max_depth(root.left), max_depth(root.right))

50. Palindrome Linked List

Question: Given a singly linked list, determine if it is a palindrome.

Answer:

class ListNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
self.val = val
self.next = next

def is_palindrome(head):
vals = []
current = head
while current:
vals.append(current.val)
current = current.next
return vals == vals[::-1]

These are just some examples, and the above solutions can be optimized and extended in
various ways, depending on the exact constraints and requirements.

51. Merge Two Sorted Lists

Question: Merge two sorted linked lists and return it as a new sorted list.
Answer:

class ListNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
 self.val = val
self.next = next

def merge_two_lists(l1, l2):

dummy = ListNode(-1)
prev = dummy

while l1 and l2:

if l1.val <= l2.val:
prev.next = l1
l1 = l1.next
else:
prev.next = l2
l2 = l2.next
prev = prev.next

prev.next = l1 if l1 else l2
return dummy.next

52. Implement Stack using Queues

Question: Implement a stack using only instances of a queue.

Answer:

from collections import deque

class MyStack:
def __init__(self):
self.q = deque()

def push(self, x):

self.q.append(x)
for _ in range(len(self.q) - 1):
self.q.append(self.q.popleft())

def pop(self):
return self.q.popleft()

def top(self):
return self.q[0]

def empty(self):
return not self.q

53. Min Stack

 Question: Design a stack that supports push, pop, top, and retrieving the minimum
element in constant time.
Answer:

class MinStack:
def __init__(self):
self.stack = []
self.min_stack = []

def push(self, x):

self.stack.append(x)
if not self.min_stack or x <= self.min_stack[-1]:
self.min_stack.append(x)

def pop(self):
if self.stack.pop() == self.min_stack[-1]:
self.min_stack.pop()

def top(self):
return self.stack[-1]

def getMin(self):
return self.min_stack[-1]

54. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal

Question: Given a binary tree, return the level order traversal of its nodes' values.
Answer:

class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right

def level_order(root):
if not root:
return []
result, queue = [], [root]
while queue:
level, level_len = [], len(queue)
for i in range(level_len):
node = queue.pop(0)
level.append(node.val)
if node.left:
 queue.append(node.left)
if node.right:
queue.append(node.right)
result.append(level)
return result

55. Linked List Cycle

Question: Given a linked list, determine if it has a cycle in it.

Answer:

class ListNode:
def __init__(self, x):
self.val = x
self.next = None

def has_cycle(head):
slow, fast = head, head
while fast and fast.next:
slow = slow.next
fast = fast.next.next
if slow == fast:
return True
return False

56. Invert Binary Tree

Question: Invert a binary tree.

Answer:

class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right

def invert_tree(root):
if not root:
return None
root.left, root.right = invert_tree(root.right), invert_tree(root.left)
return root
57. Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree

Question: Design an algorithm to serialize and deserialize a binary tree.

Answer:

class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, x):
self.val = x
self.left = None
self.right = None

class Codec:
def serialize(self, root):
def dfs(node):
if not node:
return ["None"]
return [str(node.val)] + dfs(node.left) + dfs(node.right)
return ",".join(dfs(root))

def deserialize(self, data):

data_list = data.split(',')
def dfs():
val = data_list.pop(0)
if val == "None":
return None
node = TreeNode(int(val))
node.left = dfs()
node.right = dfs()
return node
return dfs()

58. Top K Frequent Elements

Question: Given a non-empty array of integers, return the k most frequent elements.
Answer:

from collections import Counter

import heapq

def top_k_frequent(nums, k):

count = Counter(nums)
return heapq.nlargest(k, count.keys(), key=count.get)
59. Decode String

Question: Given an encoded string, return its decoded string. The encoding rule is:
k[encoded_string], where the encoded_string inside the square brackets is being
repeated exactly k times.
Answer:

def decode_string(s):
stack, curr_num, curr_str = [], 0, ''
for char in s:
if char == '[':
stack.append(curr_str)
stack.append(curr_num)
curr_str, curr_num = '', 0
elif char == ']':
num = stack.pop()
prev_str = stack.pop()
curr_str = prev_str + num * curr_str
elif char.isdigit():
curr_num = curr_num * 10 + int(char)
else:
curr_str += char
return curr_str

60. Number of Islands

Question: Given a 2D grid map of '1's (land) and '0's (water), count the number of
islands.
Answer:

def num_islands(grid):
if not grid:
return 0

rows, cols = len(grid), len(grid[0])

visited = [[0 for _ in range(cols)] for _ in range(rows)]
directions = [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)]
islands = 0

def dfs(row, col):

if row < 0 or col < 0 or row >= rows or col >= cols or visited[row]
[col] or grid[row][col] == '0':
return
visited[row][col] = 1
 for dr, dc in directions:
dfs(row + dr, col + dc)

for r in range(rows):
for c in range(cols):
if grid[r][c] == '1' and not visited[r][c]:
dfs(r, c)
islands += 1

return islands

The explanations have been excluded for brevity, but it's essential to understand the logic
behind each code snippet and be prepared to explain the solution's approach and its time
and space complexity.

61. Maximum Depth of Binary Tree

Question: Given a binary tree, find its maximum depth.

Answer:

class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right

def max_depth(root):
if not root:
return 0
left = max_depth(root.left)
right = max_depth(root.right)
return max(left, right) + 1

62. Two Sum

Question: Given an array of integers, return indices of the two numbers such that they
add up to a specific target.
Answer:

def two_sum(nums, target):

num_map = {}
for index, num in enumerate(nums):
complement = target - num
 if complement in num_map:
return [num_map[complement], index]
num_map[num] = index

63. Rotate Image

Question: Given an image represented by an NxN matrix, rotate the image by 90

degrees.
Answer:

def rotate(matrix):
n = len(matrix)
for i in range(n):
for j in range(i, n):
matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i] = matrix[j][i], matrix[i][j]
for row in matrix:
row.reverse()

64. Palindrome Linked List

Question: Check if a singly linked list is a palindrome.

Answer:

class ListNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
self.val = val
self.next = next

def is_palindrome(head):
values = []
current = head
while current:
values.append(current.val)
current = current.next
return values == values[::-1]

65. Product of Array Except Self

Question: Given an array nums of n integers where n > 1, return an array output such
that output[i] is equal to the product of all the elements of nums except nums[i].
Answer:
 def product_except_self(nums):
n = len(nums)
left, right, output = [1] * n, [1] * n, [1] * n

for i in range(1, n):

left[i] = nums[i - 1] * left[i - 1]

for i in range(n - 2, -1, -1):

right[i] = nums[i + 1] * right[i + 1]

for i in range(n):
output[i] = left[i] * right[i]

return output

66. Find All Duplicates in an Array

Question: Given an array of integers, where 1 ≤ a[i] ≤ n (n = size of array), some

elements appear twice and others appear once. Find all the elements that appear
twice.
Answer:

def find_duplicates(nums):
result = []
for num in nums:
index = abs(num) - 1
if nums[index] < 0:
result.append(index + 1)
nums[index] = -nums[index]
return result

67. Coin Change

Question: You are given coins of different denominations and a total amount of
money amount. Write a function to compute the fewest number of coins that you
need to make up that amount. If that amount of money cannot be made up by any
combination of the coins, return -1 .
Answer:

def coin_change(coins, amount):

dp = [float('inf')] * (amount + 1)
dp[0] = 0
 for coin in coins:
for i in range(coin, amount + 1):
dp[i] = min(dp[i], dp[i - coin] + 1)
return dp[amount] if dp[amount] != float('inf') else -1

68. House Robber

Question: Given a list of non-negative integers representing the amount of money of

each house, determine the maximum amount of money you can rob without alerting
the police (you cannot rob two adjacent houses).
Answer:

def rob(nums):
if not nums:
return 0
if len(nums) == 1:
return nums[0]
prev = nums[0]
curr = max(nums[0], nums[1])
for i in range(2, len(nums)):
temp = curr
curr = max(prev + nums[i], curr)
prev = temp
return curr

69. Longest Palindromic Substring

Question: Given a string, find the longest substring which is a palindrome.

Answer:

def longest_palindrome(s):
if not s:
return ""

def expand_center(left, right):

while left >= 0 and right < len(s) and s[left] == s[right]:
left -= 1
right += 1
return s[left + 1:right]

result = ""
for i in range(len(s)):
# Odd length palindrome
 palindrome1 = expand_center(i, i)
# Even length palindrome
palindrome2 = expand_center(i, i + 1)

if len(palindrome1) > len(result):

result = palindrome1
if len(palindrome2) > len(result):
result = palindrome2
return result

70. Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)

Question: Implement a trie with insert, search, and startsWith methods.

Answer:

class TrieNode:
def __init__(self):
self.children = {}
self.is_word = False

class Trie:
def __init__(self):
self.root = TrieNode()

def insert(self, word):

node = self.root
for char in word:
if char not in node.children:
node.children[char] = TrieNode()
node = node.children[char]
node.is_word = True

def search(self, word):

node = self.root
for char in word:
if char not in node.children:
return False
node = node.children[char]
return node.is_word

def starts_with(self, prefix):

node = self.root
for char in prefix:
if char not in node.children:
return False
node = node.children[char]
 return True

These solutions are just the code implementations. It's important to understand the logic,
approach, and potentially the time and space complexities behind each one.