Oswaal ISC Mind Maps, COMPUTER SCIENCE, Class-XI [ 1

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 (14)10
2 14 0
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
It has base 10 and consists 0 (1110)2
values 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 De y
ci ar –1
A set of values used to in

m
B
e.g.(11.01)2=1×2 1+1×2°+0×2 +1×2–2

al
to
respresent different al

N
cim =2+1+0+0.25=(3.25)10

al
quantities is know as o De

um
yt

cim
number system. r e.g. (25)10
na

ber
De
Bi
l to octal 8 25 1
Binar D ecima
It has base 2 and consists yN
um 8 3 3
values 0 and 1 be
r 0

System
Number
(31)8
Octal to 2
Types ber Convers deci e.g. (126)8=1×8 +2×8 1+6×8°
Num io n mal
Numbers Decim =1×64+2×8+6×1
al to =(86)10
He
xa
Part- I de
ci m e.g. (90)10
2 ] Oswaal ISC Mind Maps, COMPUTER SCIENCE, Class-XI

er ry al
16 90 10

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It has base 8 and consists mb na He
l Nu bi
xa

r
o
Octa 16 5 5

t
al
values 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7
de

al
ci

m 0

cim

mbe
im
al

ec
to (5A)16

Nu
ade
d

ad
x

al
x
e
eci
Bin

mal

im
ar

He
(B2)16=11×161+2×16°

ec
yt

d
o

=176+2=178

y to H
o

xa (A7B)16 ct
He al =(178)10
Octal t

=A 7 B
o

It has base 16 and consists =1010 0111 1011 Binar

(1110.01)2=001 — . 010
— 110
values 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,
bina

=(101 00111 1011)2 =(16.2)8

B,C,D,E and F.
ry

(11101.110)2
=0001 (672)8= 6 7 2
— . 1100
— 1101 — =110 111 010
= (1D. C)16
=(110111010)2
 • Stands for American Standard • It tells the computer how to e.g. +15 will be represented in 8 bits as
Code for Information Interchange. interpret raw zeroes and ones
• Associates an integer value for each 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
into real characters.
symbol in character set. –15 will be represented in 8 bits as
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
one's complement of (00001111)2

ASCII
Character
encoding
Positive number is represented by
1's Complement binary equivalent and negative
ISCII Representation number is represented by 1's
complement.
• Stands for Indian Script Code
for Information Interchange.
• This is an 8-bit code capable of Encodings
coding 256 characters.

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Positive number is represented
2's Complement
by binary equivalent and negative
Sign Magnitude Representation
number is represented by 2's
Unicode Representation complement.

0 is used for + sign, 1 is used for – sign

e.g. +15 will be represented in 1 byte
• It is universal encoding system
(8 bits) as: e.g. +15 will be represented in 8 bits as
to provide a comprehensive
character set. 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
Types : sign bit
–15 will be represented in 8 bits as
(i) UTF - 8
–15 will be represented in 8 bits as:
(ii) UTF - 16 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
(iii) UTF - 32 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2's complement of (00001111)2
sign bit
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 java.awt
contains classes for implementing GUI

java.io A namespace that organises

contains classes to support input and a set of related classes
output operations and interfaces

java.applet
contains classes for creating applets

java.lang
contains classes that support Java
language i.e.,data types, math Built-in
operations, etc. packages
java.net
Definition
contains classes that support networking
operations

jaa.util
contains utility classes that implement
data structures
Packages
18 ] Oswaal ISC Mind Maps, COMPUTER SCIENCE, Class-XI

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To use the classes
and interfaces defined
in a package
User Defined
packages
package package_name
e.g. package graphics
class square
{
.....
}
class circle Import the package
{ using import command
..... e.g. import graphics.*;
}