Ch4 color 2/may/2024

multimedia
1.What is color?
Ans: color: is the appearance of something as a result of the way in which it reflects light.
>>color is unlike written language, color touches, everyone instantly with a wide range of feeling,
emotion and message.
>>if typography is the mouth that communicates through sound and words then color is the eyes.
>>color: is a designer’s secret weapon to help us tell our stories.
2. define color theory?
Ans: is the study of how colors interact with each other and practical guidance to color mixing and the
visual effects of a specific color combination.
3. what is color model?
Ans: color models: are mathematical representations used to describe and reproduce colors in digital
imaging systems.
4. list common color models?
Ans: RGB (RED, GREEN, BLUE) b) HSV(HUE, SATURATION, VALUE)
C)CMYK(CYAN, MAGENTA, YELLOW, BLACK)
5.define RGB?
Ans: RGB: color model is additive, meaning colors are created by combining different intensities of red,
green, and blue light. It widely used in electronic displays such as comp monitor, tv, and digital camera.
6.define CMYK?
Ans: CMYK: is subtractive color model using in color printing.
CMYK: colors created by subtracting varying amounts of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black ink from white
background.
7.define HUE, SATURATION and VALUE?
Ans: HUE: is the color itself.
>> SATURATION: is the intensity or the brightness and purity of color or the dominance of particular hue
>> VALUE(brightness): value or brightness, measures how light or dark the color is.

8.what is traditional color wheel?

Ans: traditional color wheel as visual guide for understanding color relationships such as
complementary, analogous, and triadic color schemes.
9.what are consist of traditional color wheel?
Ans: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Colors arranged in a circular format.
10. explain primary traditional color wheel?
Ans: primary colors are the foundational colors from which all other colors are derived.
>> traditional color wheel usually color feature three primary color red, green, and yellow.
>> these colors can’t be created by mixing other colors together.
11. explain secondary traditional color wheel?
Ans: secondary colors are created by mixing equal part of two primary colors.
>> on traditional color wheel, the secondary colors are located between the primary colors they include
>>orange: created by mixing red and yellow.
>>green: created by mixing yellow and blues.
>>purple(is also called violet): created by mixing red and blue.
12.define tertiary traditional color wheel and their six types of tertiary?
Ans: tertiary colors are formed by mixing a primary color with neighboring secondary color.
>> red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, red-violet.
13.define color harmony?
Ans: color harmony refers to concept of combing colors in a way that gives pleasure through beauty.
14. tell basic colors theory?
Ans: shade, tint, and tone?
15. what is shade?
Ans: shade a hue produced by adding black. You have variety of shades red, made by mixing red with
increasing amount of black.
16. what is tint?
Ans: tint a hue produced by adding white. You have variety of red tint created by mixing red with
increasing amount of white.
17.what is tone?
Ans: tone a hue produced by adding grey. You have variety of red tone produced by mixing red with
increasing the amount of grey.
18. define color schemes?
Ans: the color wheel is a great reference in helping you choose an appealing color schemes
19. list and explain common types of color schemes?
Ans: monochromatic scheme: using one hue and adding white, black, or grey to create tints, tone, shade
>>complementary colors: colors sitting across from each other on the color wheel red &green, purple
&yellow, orange & blue.
>>analogous scheme: 2-4 colors next to each other on the color wheel.
>>triatic scheme: 3 colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel.
>>split complementary scheme: a base of color and the two color adjacent to it’s complementary color
>>tetradic(rectangle) scheme: four colors arranged into two complementary pairs.
>>square scheme: four complementary colors evenly spaced around the color wheel.
20. define psychology color?
Ans: psychology color there is a power to color in design, emotions are summoned when we view certain
colors.
21. why part of colors can mean different things to different people?
Ans: yellow may bring up memories of your mother’s bright
>>blue remind you of a sad memory
Note: the country of chine red is a lucky, prosperous, full of good fortune. While red in some countries
can mean bloodshed or violence.
22.tell common use of red: strength and orange: enthusiasm/eagerness?
Ans: red: social media, food and beverage, fast food, entertainment news media.
>> orange: social media, food and beverage. Teen brands, education.
23.tell common use of yellow: energetic and green: growth?
Ans: yellow: children and youth, non-profit, cleaning products
>> green: cleaning products and services, organic products, investing companies.
24.tell common use of cyan: self-expression and blue: stability?
Ans: cyan: technology, start-up, social service, service industry, bio-tech.
>>blue: banks, technology, health care, social media, industrial, transportation.
25.tell common use of purple: comfort and pink: vibrancy?
Ans: purple: health care, technology, hospitality, non-profit.
>>pink: youth focused brands, feminine brands, beauty industry.
26.tell common use of brown: natural, black: classic, and white: clean?
Ans: brown: dependable, rugged, trustworthy, simple
>>black: classic, conventional, formal, dramatic, sophistication, security.
>>white: pure, calm, clean, simplicity, innocence, honest.
Note: design for the color blind:-
normal: (color vision)
Green- brightness(deuteranopia)
Blue-brightness(tritanopia)
Red-brightness(protanopia)
>>most common types of color blindness make it hard to tell the difference between red and green.
>>up to 5% of the world has some form of color vision deficiency.
>>it effects more men than women, although women can still be affected.
1. What is Composition & Basic layout terms?
Composition is the process of organizing and arranging design elements such as lines, shapes, colors,
textures, and space to create a organized and balanced whole.
Layout is the process of organizing and arrangement of text, images, and other objects on a page or
screen within a given space.
2. List and Explain Layout of Terms?
1. Title or Headline (The title or headline is the text at the top of an article or page that indicates
the topic)
2. Drop Cap (A drop cap is a large capital letter at the beginning of a text block
3. Body Text (Body text is the main text part of a document)
4. Orphan (a single word or short line at the beginning or end of a paragraph)
5. Whitespace and Margin (the unmarked portions of a page or screen, used between elements
to give visual breathing room)
6. Folio (In publishing, a folio is the page number which is typically found on the header or footer
of a page).
7. Ragged Lines (Text that is aligned to one side (left or right) but not justified)
8. Pull-quote (A brief, attention -catching quotation or excerpt from the main text, set off from
the main body to draw attention)
9. Leading (The vertical spacing between lines of text)
3. LIST Types of Layout
1. Editorial/Magazine Layouts
2. Responsive layouts
3. Large Format Layouts
4. Single-Column Layout
5. Multi-Column Layout
4. Explain Types of Layout EACH OF ONE?
 1. Editorial/Magazine Layouts
• The magazines, book covers and newspapers use editorial style layouts.
• These layouts tend to be more photo driven with larger areas of text.

2. Responsive layouts
• Responsive layouts refer to designs that are optimized to adapt to different screen sizes and devices.
This means that the design will look and function well whether it is viewed on a desktop computer,
tablet, or smartphone.
3. Large Format Layouts
• This includes anything larger than a standard paper size. This can be posters, billboards, signage and
banners.
• These layouts have to be simple because as they will be viewed from a distance.
4. Single-Column Layout:
A layout that places all design elements in a single vertical column. This layout is often used in mobile
design and for simple web pages.
5. Multi-Column Layout:
A layout that uses multiple columns to organize and display content. This layout is often used for
complex websites and publications.
5. Define and explain Blocking?
• Blocking refers to the planning and organization of the layout and structure of a design by using grids
before any final photos or text is placed in your design
• The purpose of blocking is to establish a solid foundation for the design and ensure that all
important elements are included and positioned correctly.
• It allows designers to experiment with different layout options and make adjustments before
investing time and resources into creating detailed graphics and visual elements.
6. What is Visual Hierarchy?
• This Visual hierarchy is the arrangement or presentation of elements in a design in order of their
importance or significance.
7. Define Focal Point
• This Focal points provide Direction.
• It is the primary point of interest and the element that stands out the most in the design.
• This single large circle provides order to the layout, helping to group the three smaller content circles
together as one unit.
• The second layout struggles to find a focal point which makes it feel disorganized and scattered.
8. Describe Alignment & Justification?
• Alignment and justification are important design principles that help to create a sense of order and
organization in a design.
• Alignment (also known as justification), when used properly, can be a designer’s secret weapon,
allowing us to align content in a layout that ties those elements together.
9. WHAT IS Basic Grid Terminology?
• Grids are the building of a series of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines that form a framework and
a grid system for organizing content in a design. 76
• Using grids, designers can make sure elements are aligned properly but also find opportunities
to align certain items together to form unity.
10. TELL and Explain Types of Grids?
• Manuscript Grid: This grid is great for books and long, continuous placement of text. Manuscript
layouts consist of one center block that divides up the page and creates a clear margin, text area, header
and footer.
• Column Grids: This Perfect for magazine layouts and spreads or anything that has a mixture of photos,
quotes and text.
• This grid system is commonly used in print design, web design, and other types of graphic
design.
• Column grids can be 2, 3, 4 or even 12 columns depending on the complexity of your layout.
• Modular Grids: The most flexible grid available, modular grids allow for lots of mixing of type, photos
and design elements.
• These are great for posters, flyers, magazine covers and designs that require more creative
arrangements.
• They can also be used for arranging a list of items or photos that need the same spacing or
have the same order.
• Combining Grid Type: is the practice of using more than one type of grid system in a design layout.
• For example, a designer might use a column grid to establish a basic structure for the design
layout, but also incorporate a hierarchical grid to create a sense of visual hierarchy.
Ch6 multimedia
Question and answers
1.explain photography?
Ans: photography is the art and science of capturing images using a camera.
>> As a graphic designer, understanding photography is important, as it is often
used in design projects, such as advertisements, websites.
>> Photography can be used to create visual interest, convey a message or
emotion
2.define picture?
Ans: A picture is worth a thousand words”
• A picture tells a story just as well as, if not better than, a lot of written words.
3.list Some of the most popular types of photography?
Ans: 1. Portrait Photography 2. Landscape Photography
3. Wildlife Photography 4. Macro Photography
5. Sports Photography 6. Event Photography
7. Street Photography 8. Architectural Photography
9. Documentary Photography 10. Commercial Photography
4. explain Portrait Photography and Landscape Photography?
Ans: Portrait Photography This style focuses on capturing the personality,
emotion, and mood of an individual or group Includes: Family portraits, school
portraits, professional and corporate photography.
>> Landscape Photography: Landscape photography aims to capture the beauty
and massiveness of environments, from wide views to close natural details.
Includes: Nature landscapes like forests, mountains, and oceans, as well as urban
and rural landscapes that highlight the beauty of cityscapes.
5. explain Wildlife Photography and Macro Photography?
Ans: Wildlife Photography Documents the behaviors and beauty of wildlife,
photographing animals in their natural habitats. Wildlife photographers often
need to understand animal behavior deeply and use appropriate lenses and
equipment to get close-ups without disturbing the natural activities of the
animals.
>> Macro Photography that focuses on capturing extremely close-up pictures of
small subjects, such as insects, flowers, and small objects, to show details that are
usually invisible to the naked eye. butterfly’s wings.
6. explain Sports Photography and Event Photography?
Ans: Sports Photography Sports photography involves capturing subjects in
emotions and action, often under the unpredictable condition’s characteristic of
sports and physical activities. Requires fast shutter speeds and often sophisticated
equipment.
>>Event Photography Event photography involves capturing images of venue,
décor, people and their interactions, speeches, award presentations, and
performances at weddings, corporate gatherings, parties, and conferences. This
required flexibility to adapt to different lighting conditions
7. explain Street Photography and Architectural Photography?
Ans: Street Photography: is a form of documentary photography that captures
everyday life and human interactions within public places. telling stories about
people and places in an unremarkable manner
>>Architectural Photography focuses on capturing buildings, interiors, and
structures. It aims to highlight the artistic and engineering beauty of Interiors,
exteriors of architecture
8. explain Documentary Photography and Commercial Photography?
Ans: Documentary Photography Documentary photography aims to tell stories
about people, environments, or social issues through a series of images
>> Commercial Photography specifically designed for commercial advertising and
marketing to promote or sell products or services.
9. define a light?
Ans: Lighting is a critical component of photography, affecting not only the
brightness and visibility of your photos but also the mood, atmosphere, and how
the subject is perceived.
10. tell and explain Types of Light?
Ans: Natural Light: Sunlight is the most common form of natural light.
>> Its character changes with Different Times of the Day, weather, and seasons,
offering a range of shooting conditions.
>>Artificial Light: This includes everything from household bulbs to professional
studio lights.
• It gives you control over the lighting environment, especially useful in indoor or
night photography.
11. tell and explain Direction of Light?
Ans: Front Lighting: Lighting your subject from the front, reducing shadows and
generally making the subject evenly lit.
>>Side Lighting: Lighting from the side, giving the image a more three-dimensional
feel. Ideal for revealing detail and adding a dramatic effect.
>>Back Lighting: Light comes from behind the subject, It adds drama and mood
but can be challenging to expose correctly.
>>Top Lighting: Light shines down from above. It can create unflattering shadows
on faces but works well for certain artistic effects and high contrast scenes.
12. tell and explain Using Light Creatively?
Ans: Golden Hour: The hour after sunrise and before sunset, The light during
these times is softer, warmer, and more diffuse due to the low angle of the sun.
This time is ideal for portraits, landscapes, and outdoor photography.
>>Midday Sun: The light is at its harshest around midday when the sun is high in
the sky. This can create strong shadows and high contrast in your photos, which
can be challenging to work with.
13. define Photo Composition?
Ans: Photo composition is the arrangement of elements within a photo and frame
to create the desired effect.
>>It includes everything from the placement of the subject, to the use of lighting,
color, and texture to create a cohesive and visually appealing image.
14. explain Composition Techniques of rule third and leading line?
Ans: Rule of Thirds: The rule of thirds is one of the most well-known composition
techniques.
>> Leading lines can direct the viewer’s attention to specific parts of the frame,
including the main subject.
15. explain Composition Techniques of Framing and Negative Space?
Ans: Framing: This involves using elements within the scene to frame the subject,
This could be anything from doorways and windows to branches and archways.
>> Negative Space: is the area around and between the subjects of an image
making the subject stand out more and giving the viewer’s eye a place to rest.
16. define copying for motion of Composition Techniques?
Ans: Cropping for Emotion. Your photo choices, as well as how you crop your
photos, can shift the emotional impact of your design dramatically.
17. list Common mistakes in photograph compositions and solutions?
Ans: 1. Mistake: Forgetting Composition Rules Composing shots without mindful
consideration, leading to unbalanced or uninteresting photos.
Solution: Apply basic composition rules like the rule of thirds, leading lines, and
framing.
>>2. Mistake: Centering the Subject in While sometimes effective, placing the
subject in the center of the frame can often lead to a static and uninteresting
composition.
Solution: Using the rule of thirds, as mentioned earlier, can help create a more
dynamic and engaging photo.
>>3. Mistake: Lack of focal point Every photo should have a clear point of interest
or a subject that holds the viewer's attention.
>>4. Mistake: Ignoring the Light Not paying attention to the quality, direction, and
color of light. Solution: Always observe how light affects the scene.
Solution: Use natural light to your advantage, and try to shoot during times when
the light is most flattering, such as during golden hour.
>>5. Not Checking the Background Mistake: Overlooking distracting elements in
the background that can detract from the subject.
Solution: Before taking a shot, examine the background for distracting elements.
>>6. Incorrect Exposure Mistake: Photos are too bright (overexposed) or too dark
(underexposed). Solution: Learn to adjust exposure settings manually based on
the lighting conditions.
>>7. Not Reviewing Images Mistake: Not looking at your photos critically after
shooting. Solution: Take time to review your images. Analyze what worked and
what didn’t.
>>8. Not Being Patient Mistake: Rushing to take a photo without waiting for the
right moment. Solution: Patience can drastically improve your photography. Wait
for the right lighting, for the crowd to clear, or for a moment when the subject is
in the perfect position.
18. describe Photos + typography?
Ans: Photos + typography as one Typography and photography can interplay nicely
to help bring short messages to life. This can allow us to free our photos and allow
them to exist outside of a boxed or framed area.
19. define Copyright and Usage Rights photo in Multimedia?
>> Copyright: Photos are generally protected by copyright law, To use someone
else's photo, you generally need their permission (or a license) to do so .
>> Copyright: in photography is a form of intellectual property protection that
grants photographers exclusive rights to their creations which means that the
person who took the photo (the photographer) has exclusive rights to use, copy,
distribute, and display the image.
20. define Licensing?
Ans: Licensing: Some photographers and photo agencies offer licenses that allow
you to use their photos for a fee.
21. define Public Domain?
Ans: Public Domain: Photos that are in the public domain are not protected by
copyright and can be used freely.
This includes photos that were created before copyright law existed, as well as
photos that have had their copyright expire or have been released into the public
domain by their creators.
22. define Attribution?
Ans: Attribution: When using someone else's photo, it's important to give credit to
the photographer. This can usually be done by including a photo credit in the
multimedia project or on the webpage where the project is displayed.
23. list 9 Photoshop Photo Editing Basics?
Ans: Gradient Maps 1
2. mart Objects | Photoshop
3. Change Colors | Photoshop
4. Content-Aware Move | Photoshop
5. Layer Masks | Photoshop
6. Face-Aware Liquify | Photoshop
7. Billboard (Create Your Own Mockup)
8. The Puppet Warp Tool | Photoshop
9. Add a Photo to a Screen | Photoshop CC