Type (I) : Very Short Answer Type Questions : [01 Mark Each]

Kx  1, if x  
1. Find the value of K so that the function f(x) = 
 cos x, if x  
is continuous at x = .

2. Show that the function :

 sin x
  cos x, x  0
f(x) =  x is continuous at x = 0
 2 , x0

3. Show that the function f(x) = 2x – |x| is continuous at x = 0.

Type (II) : Short Answer Type Questions : [02 Marks Each]

4. For what values of K, is the following function continuous at x = 0 ?

1  cos 4 x
 , x0
f(x) =  8 x
2
 K , x0
 1
 x, if 0  x  2
 1 1
 , if x
5. Discuss the continuity of the function : f(x) =  2 2 at x = 1 .
1  x, if 1 2
x
 2
6. Examine the continuity of the function :

 | sin x |
 , x0
f(x) =  x at x = 0
 1 , x0

7. Prove that the function

| x  a |
 , for x  a
f(x) =  x  a is discontinuous at x = a.
 1 , for x  a

kx 2 , x  1
8. Find the value of k is the function f(x) =  is continuous at x = 1
4 , x 1

x 2 – 3 , if x  2
9. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) =  2
 x  1 , if x  2

Type (III) : Long Answer Type Questions: [04 Mark Each]

10. If the function

 3ax  b if x 1

11 if x 1
f(x) = 
5ax  2b if x 1

Is continuous at x = 1, find the values of a and b.

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 139

  x2  x  6
 , if x  2
11. Discuss the continuity of the function : f(x) =  x  2 at x = –2
  5 , if x  2

 1
 x sin , x  0
12. Examine the continuity of the function f(x) =  x at x = 0.
0 , x0

13. If the function defined by

2x  1 , x  2

a , x2
f(x) = 
 x 1 , x  2

is continuous at x = 2, find the value of a. Also discuss the continuity of f(x) at x = 3.

Type (IV) : Very Long Answer Type Questions: [06 Mark Each]

14. For what value of k is the following function continuous at x = 2 ?

2 x  1 ; x  2

k ; x2
f(x) = 
3 x – 1 ; x  2


15. If f(x), defined by the following, is cotinuous at x = 0, find the values of a, b and c f(x) =

 sin(a  1)x  sin x

 , if x  0
 x
 c , if x  0
 x  bx 2 – x
 , if x  0
 bx 3 / 2

16. Find the values of a and b such that the function defined as follows is continuous :

 x2 ; x2

f(x) = ax  b ; 2  x  5
3 x – 2 ; x5


5 ; x  2

17. Find the values of a and b such that the following function f(x) is continuous function : f(x) = ax  b ; 2  x  10
21; x  10



 1  cos 4 x , if x  0
 x2

18. Given that : f(x) =  a , if x  0
 x
 , if x  0
 16  x  4

If f(x) is continuous at x = 0, find the value of a.

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 140

 PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Definition of LHL/RHL and Indeterminate forms
A-1. Examine the graph of y = f(x) as shown and evaluate the following limits :
(i) im f(x) (ii) x im f(x)
x 1 2

(iii) im f(x) (iv) xim f(x)

x 3 1.99

(v) im f(x)

x 3 

A-2. Evaluate the following limits :

im (x + sin x) im (tan x – 2x) im3
(i) x 2
(ii) x 3
(iii) x x cos x
4

im x x im ex
(iv) x 5
(v) x 1
sin x
A-3. Evaluate the following limits,
where [ . ] represents greatest integer function and { . } represents fractional part function
x
(i) im [sin x] (ii) im   (iii) im sgn [tan x]
x
 x 2  2  x
2

(iv) im sin–1 (n x)

x 1

 x 1 , x  1
A-4. (i) If f(x) =  , evaluate xim f(x).
2 x  3 , x  1 1

 x , x 1
(ii) Let f(x) =  , if xim f(x) exist, then find value of .
2 x  3 , x  1 1

x 2  2 , x  2  2x , x  1
A-5. If f(x) =  and g(x) =  , evaluate xim f (g(x)).
 1  x , x  2 3  x , x  1 1

A-6. Which of the followings are indeterminate forms. Also state the type.

(i) im [ x ] , where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function

x 0 x
(ii) im x2  1 – x (iii) im (tan x)tan2x
x   
x
2
1
(iv) im
x 1
x nx , where { . } denotes the fractional part function

SECTION (B) : Evaluation of limits

B-1. Evaluate each of the following limits, if exists

x 3  3x  1 4 x 3  x 2  2x  5 a  2x  3 x
(i) im (ii) im (iii) im ,a0
x  1 x 1 x 1 x 6  5 x 3  2x  4 x a
3a  x  2 x
B-2. Evaluate the following limits, if exists
1  cos 4 x im 3 sin x  cos x
(i) im (ii) 
x 0 1  cos 5 x x 
6
x
6
tan 3 x  2x 2 2
(iii) im 2 (iv) im (a  x ) sin(a  x )  a sin a
x 0
3x  sin x x 0
x

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 141

 (v)
bx ax
im e  e , where 0 < a < b (vi) im x e
2 x
 e2 
x 0
x x 0
1  cos x
5 5
n(1  3x )
im ( x  2)  (a  2)
2 2
(vii) im (viii)
x 0
3x  1 x a
xa
im n (2  x )  n 0.5 x n  2n
(ix) x 0 (x) Find n  N, if x im = 80.
x 2
x2
B-3. Evaluate the following limits.

(i) x 
 1
x x
2 x 
im  2  2  ....  2 
x 
(ii) im cos
x   
x 1  cos x  
(iii) im
x  x 2
 8x  x  (iv) im
n  4
n3  2n2  1  3 n 4  1
n6  6n5  2  5 n7  3n3  1
, nN

 2

im  x  13 – ( x – 1) 3 
2

(v) x 
 
1
 
B-4. im  ( x  1) ( x  2) ( x  3) ( x  4)4  x 
Evaluate x   

B-5. Evaluate the following limits using expansions :

1 1 tan 2 x
e x  1  sin x 
(i) im ( x  2) 2  (15 x  2) 5
(ii) im 2
x 2 x 0
1
x3
(7 x  2) 4 x

a  b sin x  cos x  ce x
B-6 If x im exists, find the values of a, b, c. Also find the limit
0
x3
n x x
n
x
SECTION (C) : Limit of form 1 , 00 , 0 , x im
 , , , Sandwitch theorem and
x x
e x e
Miscellaneous problems on limits.
c
C-1 If xim
1 
1  ax  bx 2  x 1
= e3 , then find conditions on a, b and c.

C-2. Evaluate the following limits :

x
im  1  2x 
(i) x
 (tan x) tan2x
(ii) im  
4 x 
 1  3x 
x
sec
(iii) im 1  nx  2
(iv) im x x 2
x 1 x 0 

(v) im (tan x)cosx


x
2

(vi) im ([x])1–x , where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function

x 1

C-3. im [1 . 2x ]  [2 . 3 x ]  .....  [n . (n  1) x ] , where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function.

Evaluate n 
n3

C-4. Evaluate following limits :

 n x   xn 
x n  1   e x sin x 
(i)  x  (ii) e 
im im
x  n x x  x n

2n
C-5. im x  1 ,nN find range of f(x).
If f(x) = n
x 2n  1


RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 142

Section (D) : Continuity at a point
 sin (a  1) x  sinx
 x for x0
D-1. Determine the values of a, b & c for which the function f (x) =  c for x  0
 ( x  bx )  x
2 1/ 2 1/ 2
for x  0
 bx 3 / 2
is continuous at x = 0.

 1  sin3 x
 3 cos2 x ,x   / 2

D-2. Find the values of ' a ' & ' b ' so that the function, f (x) =  a ,x   / 2 is continuous at
 b (1  sinx )
 (   2x )2 , x   / 2
x = /2. 

D-3. If f(x) = {x} & g(x) = [x] (where {. } & [.] denotes the fractional part and the integral part functions
respectively), then discuss the continuity of :
(i) h(x) = f(x). g(x) at x = 1 and 2 (ii) h(x) = f(x) + g(x) at x = 1
(iii) h(x) = f(x) – g(x) at x = 1 (iv) h(x) = g(x) + f ( x ) at x = 1 and 2

 f (x)
 ,x  3
D-4. Suppose that f(x) = x  3x  4x + 12 and h(x) =  x  3
3 2
, then
 K ,x  3
(a) find all zeros of f
(b) find the value of K that makes h continuous at x = 3
(c) using the value of K found in (b), determine whether h is an even function.

Section (E) : Continuity in an interval

E-1. Find interval for which the function given by the following expressions are continuous :
3x  7 1 x2
(i) f(x) = 2 (ii) f(x) = | x | 1 –
x  5x  6 2

x2  1  x 
(iii) f(x) = (iv) f(x) = tan  
2
1  sin x  2 

E-2. If f(x) = x + { x} + [x], where [ . ] is the integral part & { . } is the fractional part function. Discuss the
continuity of f in [  2, 2 ]. Also find nature of each discontinuity.

x2  1
E-3. If f(x) = and g(x) = tan x, then discuss the continuity of fog (x).
x2  1

 1  x ,0  x  2
E-4. Let f(x) =  . Determine the composite function g(x) = f (f(x)) & hence find the point of
3  x ,2  x  3
discontinuity of g , if any.

3 1
E-5. Find the point of discontinuity of y = f(u), where f(u) = 2 and u = .
2u  5u – 3 x2
Section (F) : Derivability at a point
F-1. Test the continuity & differentiability of the function defined as under at x = 1 & x = 2.

x ; x 1

f (x) = 2  x ; 1 x  2 .
 2  3x  x 2 ; x2


RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 143

F-2. Examine the differentiability of f (x) = 1  e x 2 at x = 0.

ax 2  b if | x |  1

F-3. If f(x) =   1 is derivable at x = 1. Find the values of a & b.
 | x | if| x |  1




 1 for  x0
 
F-4. A function f is defined as follows: f(x) =  1  sin x for 0 x
 2
2
   
 2   x   for x
  2 2

Discuss the continuity & differentiability at x = 0 & x = /2.

 x m sin 1  ; x 0
F-5. Show that the function f (x) =  x is,
 0 ; x0
(i) differentiable at x = 0, if m > 1.
(ii) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0, if 0 < m  1.
(iii) neither continuous nor differentiable, if m  0.

Section (G) : Derivability in an interval

G-1. Draw a graph of the function, y = [x] + |1  x| , 1  x  3. Determine the points, if any, where this
function is not differentiable, where [. ] denotes the greatest integer function.
 1
 x ; 0  x 1
G-2. Discuss the continuity & derivability of f (x) =  2
 x . [x] ; 1 x  2
where [ x ] indicates the greatest integer not greater than x.

Section (H) : Miscellaneous

H-1. im (f(x) – f(x)) and L = im f(x) where  > 0. If L , L both
Let f(x) be a bounded function. L1 = x  2 x  1 2

L
exist and L1 = L, then prove that L2 = – .


f (1  cos x )  f (2)
H-2. If f(2) = 4 then, evaluate xlim ..
0 tan 2 x
H-3. Let a function f : R  R be given by f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y  R and f(x)  0 for any x  R.
If the function f (x) is differentiable at x = 0, show that f(x) = f(0) f(x) for all x  R. Also, determine
f(x).
H-4. Let R be the set of real numbers and f: RR be such that for all x & y in R
|f(x) – f(y)|  |x – y|3. Prove that f(x) is constant.

x3 7
H-5. Show that the function f(x) = – sin  x + 3 takes the value within the interval [–2, 2].
4 3

PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
Section (A) : Definition of LHL/RHL and Indeterminate forms
A-1. im sin1 ((sec x)) is equal to
x 0


(A) (B) 1 (C) zero (D) none of these
2

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 144

A-2. im (1  x + [x  1] + [1  x]) is equal to (where [.] denotes greatest integer function)
x 1

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) does not exist

x 2  9 x  20
A-3*. Let f(x) = (where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x), then
x  [x]

im f(x) = 0
(A) x5 im f(x) = 1
(B) x5

(C) x im
5 f(x) does not exist (D) none of these

SECTION (B) : Evaluation of limits

im ( x  27 )  n ( x  2 ) is equal to
3

B-1. x3 2
( x 9 )
(A) 8 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 9

im ( 4 x 1)3
B-2. x0 is equal to
x  x2 
sin   n 1  
p  3 
(A) 9 p (n 4) (B) 3 p (n 4)3 (C) 12 p (n 4)3 (D) 27 p (n 4)2

B-3. im

sin e x2 1 
is equal to
x 2 n ( x 1)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 1

sin  n (1  x )
B-4. The value of xim is equal to
0
 n (1  sin x )
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 1
2 4
 100

 
 xk  100

B-5. im  k1  is equal to
x 1
x1
(A) 0 (B) 5050 (C) 4550 (D)  5050
 2 2 
B-6. The value of im tan2 x  2 sin x  3 sinx  4  sin x  6 sinx  2  is equal to:
x  
2

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 11 12 8
cos 2  cos 2x
B-7*. If f(x) = , then
x2  | x |

(A) xim
1
f(x) = 2 sin 2 (B) xim
1
f(x) = 2 sin 2

(C) xim
1
f(x) = 2 cos 2 (D) xim
1
f(x) = 2 cos 2

im 1  cos 2( x  1)
B-8. x 1
x 1

(A) exists and it equals 2

(B) exists and it equals  2
(C) does not exist because x  1 
(D) does not exist because left hand limit is not equal to right hand limit.

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 145

  
x  2 
B-9. im  
x

 cos x  is equal to (where [ . ] represents greatest integer function)
2
 
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) – 2 (D) does not exist
1
x 3 sin  x 1
B-10. im x is equal to
x 
x2  x  1
1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) none of these
2
 3n  ( 1)n
B-11. im is equal to (n  N)
n 
4n  ( 1)n
3 3 3
(A) – (B) – if n is even ; if n is odd
4 4 4
3
(C) not exist if n is even ; – if n is odd (D) 1 if n is even ; does not exist if n is odd
4

     
B-12. im n cos   sin   , n N is equal to:
n
 4 n  4 n

  
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
3 4 6
n 1
im 5  3n  22 n
B-13. n n n 2n  3
, n N is equal to
5 2 3
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) zero

x 2 2
B-14*. If f(x) = , then
3x 6

1 im f(x) = 1 1 im f(x) = – 1
(A) xim

f(x) = – (B) x  
(C) xim

f(x) = (D) x  
3 3 3 3
1
B-15. im cos (1 x ) is equal to
x0
x
1
(A)
2
(B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0

sin (6 x 2 )
B-16. im is equal to
x0
 n cos (2 x 2  x )
(A) 12 (B)  12 (C) 6 (D)  6

B-17. im  x  x 2 n 1  1   is equal to :

x  
  x  
1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 2 3
x2
–

im e – cosx
2
B-18. x 0 is equal to
x 3 sinx

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 6 12 8

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 146

B-19 Consider the following statements :

S1 : im [ x ] is an indeterminate form (where [ . ] denotes greatest

x 0  x
integer function).
x
S2 : im sin (3 ) = 0
x 
3x

im x – sin x
S3 : does not exist.
x
x  cos 2 x

S4 : im ( n  2) !  ( n  1) ! (n  N) =0
n 
( n  3) !

S4 : im ( n  2) !  ( n  1) ! (n  N) =0
n 
( n  3) !
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
(A) FTFT (B) FTTT (C) FTFF (D) TTFT

x(1  a cos x )  b sin x 1 a cos x b sin x

B-20*. If  = x im 3 = x im 2 – x im , where   R, then
0
x 0
x 0
x3
(A) (a, b) = (–1, 0) (B) a & b are any real numbers
1
(C)  = 0 (D)  =
2
n x x
n
x
SECTION (C) : Limit of form 1 , 00 , 0 , x im
 x , , x , Sandwitch theorem and
e x e
Miscellaneous problems on limits.
x 1
 x  2
C-1. im   is equal to
x 
 x  2
(A) e4 (B) e 4 (C) e2 (D) none of these

 
5

C-2. im 1 tan 2 x x

is equal to
x  0

(A) e5 (B) e2 (C) e (D) none of these

1

The value of x im (1  [ x])

n (tan x )
C-3. is equal to (where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function)
4
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e (D) e1
x
 x 2  2x  1 
C-4. im   is equal to
x   2 
 x  4x  2 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) e2 (D) e
1
C-5. The limiting value of (cos x ) sin x at x = 0 is:
(A) 1 (B) e (C) 0 (D) none of these
 x 
tan  
im  2  a   2a 
C-6. x a  is equal to
 x
a
 2a 2
(A) e  (B) e   (C) e   (D) 1
1
C-7. im
If [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x, then n 
n4
 
[13 x]  [23 x] ... [n3 x ] is equal to
x x x x
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 6 4

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 147

 cos x  a sin bx  x = e2 , then the possible values of ' a ' & ' b ' are :
1
C-8*. If xim
0
(A) a = 1 , b = 2 (B) a = 2 , b = 1 (C) a = 3, b = 2/3 (D) a = 2/3 , b = 3

C-9*. If f(x) = | x |sinx , then

im f(x) = 1
(A) x0 im f(x) = 1
(B) x0 (C) x im
0 f(x) = 1 (D) limit does not exist at x= 0

Section (D) : Continuity at a point

cos(sin x )  cos x
D-1. A function f(x) is defined as below f(x) = , x  0 and f(0) = a
x2
f(x) is continuous at x = 0 if 'a' equals
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

D-2.* Which of the following function(s) defined below has/have single point continuity.
1 if x  Q  x if x  Q
(A) f(x) =  (B) g(x) = 
0 if x  Q 1  x if x  Q
x if x  Q  x if x  Q
(C) h(x) =  (D) k(x) = 
0 if x  Q  x if x  Q
Section (E) : Continuity in an interval
 (1  px )  (1  px )
 x , 1  x  0
E-1. f (x) =  is continuous in the interval [  1, 1 ], then ' p' is equal to:
 2x  1 , 0  x 1
 x2
(A)  1 (B)  1/2 (C) 1/2 (D) 1

 1
E-2. Let f(x) =  x  2  [ x] , when – 2  x  2. where [ . ] represents greatest integer function. Then
 
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 2 (B) f(x) is continuous at x = 1
(C) f(x) is continuous at x = – 1 (D) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
E-3. Let f(x) = Sgn(x) and g(x) = x (x2 – 5x + 6). The function f(g(x)) is discontinuous at
(A) infinitely many points (B) exactly one point
(C) exactly three points (D) no point

1 1
E-4. If y = where t = , then the number of points of discontinuities of y = f(x), x  R is
t2  t  2 x 1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) infinite
E-5. The equation 2 tan x + 5x – 2 = 0 has
(A) no solution in [0, /4] (B) at least one real solution in [0, /4]
(C) two real solution in [0, /4] (D) None of these

Section (F) : Derivability at a point

F-1. If f(x) = x  
x  x  1 , then indicate the correct alternative(s):
(A) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(B) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
(C) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0 (D) none
 x(3e1 / x  4)
 , x0
F-2. If f(x) =  2  e1/ x , then f(x) is
0 , x0

(A) continuous as well differentiable at x = 0
(B) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(C) neither differentiable at x = 0 nor continuous at x = 0
(D) none of these

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 148

 x
F-3. If f(x) = be a real valued function, then
x 1  x
(A) f(x) is continuous, but f(0) does not exist (B) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
(C) f(x) is not continuous at x = 0 (D) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0
F-4. The function f(x) = sin1 (cos x) is:
(A) discontinuous at x = 0 (B) continuous at x = 0
(C) differentiable at x = 0 (D) none of these
x  { x }  xsin{ x } for x  0
F-5. If f(x) =  , where { . } denotes the fractional part function, then:
 0 for x  0
(A) f is continuous & differentiable at x = 0 (B) f is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(C) f is continuous & differentiable at x = 2 (D) none of these.
   [ x ]2[ x ]  5 
    
x 
 x a 
 
 
loga a [ x]  [x]   for x  0; a  1
F-6. Given f(x) =  1
 x 
  3 a 
  
 0 for x  0
where [.] represents the integral part function, then:
(A) f is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(B) f is continuous & differentiable at x = 0
(C) the differentiability of 'f' at x = 0 depends on the value of a
(D) f is continuous & differentiable at x = 0 and for a = e only.

 |x3| ,x  1
 2 
F-7.* The function f(x) =  x   3 x   13  , is:
 4    2    4  x  1
    

(A) continuous at x = 1 (B) differentiable at x = 1
(C) continuous at x = 3 (D) differentiable at x = 3
F-8.* The points at which the function, f(x) = x  0.5 + x  1 + tan x does not have a derivative in the
interval (0, 2) are:
(A) 1 (B) /2 (C) /4 (D) 1/2
 x2  1
 , 0x2
 x2  1
, 2x3
:

 1 (x 3  x 2 )
F-9. If f (x) =  , then
4

9  x4  2x  , 3 x 4
4

(A) f (x) is differentiable at x = 2 & x = 3 (B) f (x) is non-differentiable at x = 2 & x = 3
.

(C) f (x) is differentiable at x = 3 but not at x = 2 (D) f (x) is differentiable at x = 2 but not at x = 3
Section (G) : Derivability in an interval
x
G-1. The set of all points where the function f(x) = 1  | x | is differentiable is:

(A) (  ) (B) [ 0, ) (C) ( , 0)  (0, ) (D) (0, )

G-2. If f (x) is differentiable everywhere, then:
2
(A) f  is differentiable everywhere (B) f is differentiable everywhere

(C) f f  is not differentiable at some point (D) f + f  is differentiable everywhere

G-3.* f(x) = (sin-1x)². cos (1/x) if x 0; f(0) = 0, f(x) is:
(A) continuous no where in 1  x  1 (B) continuous everywhere in 1  x  1
(C) differentiable no where in 1  x  1 (D) differentiable everywhere in 1 < x < 1

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 149

 
max  4  x 2 , 1  x 2  ,  2  x  0
  
G-4. Let f (x) be defined in [ 2 , 2] by f (x) =  , then f (x) :
min  4  x , 1  x  , 0  x  2
 2 2
  
(A) is continuous at all points (B) is not continuous at more than one point .
(C) is not differentiable only at one point (D) is not differentiable at more than one point

G-5. The number of points at which the function f(x) = max. {a  x, a + x, b},   < x < , 0 < a < b cannot be
differentiable is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none of these

 max f ( t ), 0  t  x, 0  x  1
G-6. Let f(x) = x – x 2 and g(x) =  , then in the interval [0, )
 sin x , x  1
(A) g(x) is everywhere continuous except at two points
(B) g(x) is everywhere differentiable except at two points
(C) g(x) is everywhere differentiable except at x = 1
(D) none of these

Section (H) : Miscellaneous

f (2h  2  h2 )  f (2)
H-1. Given that f(2) = 6 and f(1) = 4, then hlim
0
=
f (h  h2  1)  f (1)
(A) does not exist (B) is equal to –3/2 (C) is equal to 3/2 (D) is equal to 3
H-2. If f: R  R be a differentiable function, such that f(x + 2y) = f(x) + f(2y) + 4xy  x, y  R. then
(A) f(1) = f(0) + 1 (B) f(1) = f(0) – 1 (C) f(0) = f(1) + 2 (D) f(0) = f(1) – 2
H-3. Consider the following statements :
sin (  [ x  ])
S1 : Let f(x) = , where [ . ] stands for the greatest integer function. Then f(x) is
1  [ x]2
discontinuous at x = n + , n 

S2 : The function f(x) = p[x + 1] + q [x – 1], (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function) is
continuous at x = 1 if p + q = 0

S3 : Let f(x) = |[x] x| for – 1  x  2, where [.] is greatest integer function, then f is not differentiable
at x = 2.
S4 : If f(x) takes only rational values for all real x and is continuous, then f(10) = 10.
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
(A) FTTT (B) TTTF (C) FTTF (D) FFTF

H-4 Consider the following statements :

S1 : Number of points where f(x) = | x sgn (1 – x 2) | is non-differentiable is 3.

 
a sin 2 ( x  1) , x  0
S2 : Defined f(x) =  , In order that f(x) be continuous at x = 0, 'a' should be
tan x  sin x
 , x  0
 x3
1
equal to
2
S3 : The set of all points, where the function 3 x 2 | x | is differentiable is (–, 0)  (0, )
1
S4 : Number of points where f(x) = –1 is non-differentiable in the interval (0, 3) is 3.
sin (sin x )
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
(A) TTTF (B) TTTT (C) FTTF (D) TFTT

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 150

 PART - III : ASSERTION / REASONING
 sin x   sin x 
1. Statement - 1 im 
x 0  x 
  x 
im
x 
, where [.] represents greatest integer function.
 0

Statement - 2 im h(g( x )) = h  im g ( x )  , if y = h(x) is continuous at x = im g(x).

xa  x a  x a

(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

1 cos 2x
im 2
2. STATEMENT 1 : x 0 does not exist.
x

sin x – (sin x )sin x

STATEMENT 2 : im =2
x 1 – sin x  n sin x
2
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false
1

3. im  tan   x   x = e
STATEMENT-1 : x  0  
 4 

im (1 + f(x))g(x) = xima f ( x ) . g( x ) , if im f(x) = 0 and im g(x) = 

STATEMENT-2 : x  a e x a x a
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

2x 4  3 x 3  7 x 2
4. STATEMENT-1 : im 4 2
 .
x 3 x  2x  3 x 3
STATEMENT-2 : If P(x) and Q(x) are two polynomials with rational coefficients, then

P( x ) coefficient of highest power of x in P( x )

im 
x Q( x ) coefficient of highest power of x in Q( x )
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 151

5. Statement - 1 f (x) = |x| cos x is not differentiable at x = 0
Statement - 2 Every absolute value functions are not differentiable.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

6. Statement - 1 f (x) = {tan x} – [tan x] is continuous at x = ,
3
where [.] and {.} represent greatest integral function and fractional part function respecitvely.
Statement - 2 If y = f (x) & y = g (x) are continuous at x = a then y = f (x) ± g (x) are continuous at x = a
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

7. Statement - 1 f (x) = Sgn (cos x) is not differentiable at x =
2

Statement - 2 g(x) = [cosx] is not differentiable at x =
2
where [.] denotes greatest integer function
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

x 2  5x  6
8. Statement - 1 f(x) = |x – 2| + + tan x is continuous function within the domain of f (x).
x 1
Statement - 2 All absolute valued polynomial function, Rational polynomial function, trigonometric
functions are continuous within their domain.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

im P = 2 .
3
23  1 3  1 4  1
3
n3  1
1. Let Pn = . 3 . 3 .......... . Prove that n 
23  1 3  1 4  1 n3  1
n
3
2. Evaluate the following limits
1
(n (1  x )  n2)(3.4 x 1  3 x )
im e  (1  x )
x

(i) im 1 1 (ii)

x 1 x 0
[(7  x ) 3  (1  3 x ) 2 ]. sin( x  1) tan x

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 152

3. Prove following limits :
x x
(i) im (cos ) (sin ) cos2 = cos 4  n (cos )  sin4  n (sin ),  0 , 
 
x 4 x 4  2
 
x 5 tan  12   3 | x |2  7
im  x  1
(ii) = 
x  
| x |3 7 | x |  8 
4. Find the values of a and b so that:

(i) im 1  a x sin x  b cos x may have a finite limit.

x 0
x4

(ii) im  x 4  ax 3  3 x 2  bx  2  x 4  2x 3  cx 2  3 x  d  = 4
x   
axe x  b n (1  x )  cxe  x
(iii) im 2
x 0
x 2 sin x
 n 1  x (1 x ) 1 
5. im 
Find the following limit using expansion : x  
0  x 2 x 


6. Verify the following limits

1
1   
 1  x  x x 1
  
sec 2   a2
im  sin2    
 2 – bx 
im   – –
2 b2
(i) x 0   = e (ii)  2ax  = e
e x 0
   
 

sin 1(1  { x }) . cos 1(1  { x })

7. Let f(x) = , im f(x) and im f(x).
then find x 0
2{ x } (1  { x }) x 0

(where {.} denotes the fractional part function)

im x sinn x
8. f(x) = n  . Find domain and range of f(x), where n  N.
sinn x  1

9. Let x 1 = – im
3 , x2 = – 3  3 , x3 = – 3  3  3 , ............ . Evaluate n   xn.

 tan 6x
  6  tan 5x 
, 0 x 
 5 2
 

10. The function f(x) =  b2 , x . Determine the values of 'a' & 'b', if f is continuous
 2
 a tanx 
   
 
 1 cosx  b  , 2  x  
 

at x = /2. 

11. Examine the continuity at x = 0 of the sum function of the infinite series:
x x x
   .......... .... .
x 1 ( x  1)(2 x  1) (2x  1)(3 x  1)
sin3 x  A sin 2x  B sin x
12. If f(x) = (x  0) is continuous at x = 0. Find A & B. Also find f (0).
x5
log( x 2) x 2n sinx
13. If f (x) = Limit (n  N), examine the continuity of f (x) at x = 1.
n  x 2n 1

 4x5 [ x] for x  1
Discuss the continuity of f in [0,2] where f(x) = 
 cosx  for x  1
14. ; (where [x] is the greatest integer
not greater than x). Also draw the graph.

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 153

  2x 2  12x  16 ,  4  x  2

2 | x | , 2  x 1
15. If f(x) =  , then comment on continuity of
 4x  x 2  2 , 1 x  3

(i) f (x) (ii) f (x)

16. If f(x) is continuous in [a, b] such that f(a) = b and f(b) = a, then prove that there exists at least one
c  (a, b) such that f(c) = c.
17. If f(x . y) = f(x). f(y) for all x, y and f(x) is continuous at x = 1. Prove that f(x) is continuous for all x
except possibly at x = 0. Given f(1)  0.
18. Discuss the continuity on 0  x  1 & differentiability at x = 0 for the function.
1 1 1
f(x) = x sin sin
1 where x  0, x  r & f(0) = f (1/r) = 0, r = 1, 2, 3,.......
x
x sin
x
19. Discuss the continuity & differentiability of the function f (x) = |sin x| + sin |x|, x R. Draw a rough
sketch of the graph of f (x) . Also comment on periodicity of function f(x).

20. Let f : [0, 1]  [0, 1] be a continuous function, then prove that f(x) = x for atleast one x  [0, 1]

 sin [ x 2 ] 
  ax 3  b , 0  x  1
21. If f (x) =  x 2  3 x  8 is differentiable in [0 , 2] , find 'a' and 'b' . Here [ . ] stands for the
 2 cos  x  tan 1 x , 1  x  2

greatest integer function .

PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Single choice type
n
1. im x = 0, n  integer number, is true for
x 
ex
(A) no value of n (B) all values of n
(C) only negative values of n (D) only positive values of n
1 1
2. im sin x  tan x is equal to
x0
x3
1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) none of these
2

 x 1 , x 1  x 1 , x0
3. If f(x) =  2 , g(x) =  2 and h(x) = |x|,
2 x  2 , x  1  x  1 , x  0
im f(g(h(x))) is equal to
then x 0
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) –1 (D) does not exist
x x x x x
4. im cos cos 2 cos 3 cos 4 ....... cos n is equal to
n
2 2 2 2 2
sin x x
(A) 1 (B)  1 (C) (D)
x sin x
  1  1 
x sin   sin  2  , x 0 im f(x) is equal to
5. Let f (x) =  x x  , then x
0 , x0

1
(A) 0 (B)  (C) 1 (D) none of these.
2
RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 154
 
| x| 3
x
3
6. im      (a < 0), where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is equal to
xa   a
  a  

(A) a2 1 (B) – a2 – 1 (C) a2 (D) – a2

 1
x 2 sin 
im x
7. x is equal to
9x 2  x  1

1 1
(A) (B) – (C) 0 (D) does not exist
3 3

8. im 1  ax  bx  c
If  and  be the roots of equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then x
 2
 x 
is equal to

a (  ) a |  |
(A) a () (B) n |a (| (C) e (D) e

ax 2  bx  c
9. Let ,  be the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where 1 <  <  and im = 1, then which
xx ax 2  bx  c
0

of the following statements is incorrect

(A) a > 0 and x0 < 1 (B) a > 0 and x0 >  (C) a < 0 and  < x0 <  (D) a < 0 and x0 < 1

im x3
10. If x 0 = 1, then constants ‘a’ and ‘b’ are (where a > 0)
a  x (bx  sin x )
(A) b = 1, a = 36 (B) a = 1, b = 6 (C) a = 1, b = 36 (D) b = 1, a = 6

11.

im  1  e x
x0 
sin x 
 
x  , where [] represents greatest integer function, is equal to

(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) does not exist

 x 
12. im sec–1   is equal to
x   x  1

(A) 0 (B)  (C) (D) does not exist
2

13. im log sin x is equal to

x  0 sin
x
2
1
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D)
4
14. im (sin x  1 – sin x ) and m =
If  = x im [sin x  1 – sin x ], where [.] denotes the greatest
 x

integer function, then :

(A)  = m = 0 (B) = 0 ; m is undefined
(C) , m both do not exist (D)  = 0, m  0 (although m exist)

n
 1
  x     x    1 , then im f(0) is equal to
1
15. If f(x) =
n
 1
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 2 (D) none of these

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 155

16. Given a real valued function f such that
 tan 2 [ x ]
 2 2
, x0
 ( x  [ x] )

f(x) = 
1 , x0


 { x } cot { x } , x  0
where [.] represents greatest integer function and {.} represents fractional part function, then
2
im f(x) = 1 im f(x) = cot 1   im f(x) = 1
(A) x  (B) x0 (C) cot–1  im f ( x )  =1 (D) x0 
0  x  0 

17. im 1 cos x cos 2x is equal to

x 0
x2
1 1 3
(A) (B) – (C) (D) 1
2 2 2

 n sin    n tan   
im      , where [.] represents greatest integer function and n N, is equal to
18. 
0
       
(A) 2n (B) 2n + 1 (C) 2n – 1 (D) does not exist
sin x , x  n , n  0,  1,  2,........ x 2  1 , x  0, 2
 im
19. If f(x) =  and g(x) = 4 , x  0 , then x 0 g
2 , otherwise 5 , x2
(f(x)) is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) does not exist

 1 1 1 1 
20. im     .......... ...  
n  n 2  is equal to
n2  1 n2  2 n 2  2n 
1
(A) 1 (B) (C) 0 (D) 2
2

21. im  2x cot 1 x  is
The graph of the function f(x) = t 0   t2 

(A) (B) (C) (D)

 3f ( x )  1 
22. If xim f(x) exists and is finite and nonzero and im  f ( x )   = 3, then the value of im f(x)
 x   f 2 ( x )  x
is equal to
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 2 (D) none of these

23. The value of x im cos (sin x )  cosx is equal to

0
x4
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 6 4 2
 1 1 
 x 
e x   2 x  e   3 x  e 
n x n

    
24. im   , n  N, is equal to
x 
xn
2 3
(A) 0 (B) n   (C) n   (D) none of these
3 2
RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 156
  ay   by   
 exp x n 1  x    exp x n 1  x   
  
im  im    
25. y 0  x  y  is equal to
 
 
 
(A) a + b (B) a  b (C) b  a (D)  (a + b)
26. Let [x] denote the integral part of x  R and g(x) = x  [x]. Let f(x) be any continuous function with
f(0) = f(1), then the function h(x) = f(g(x)) :
(A) has finitely many discontinuities (B) is continuous on R
(C) is discontinuous at some x = c (D) is a constant function.


log( 4 x 3 ) x 2  2x  5  , if 34  x  1or x  1
27. The function f(x) is defined by f(x) = 
 4 , if x  1
(A) is continuous at x = 1
(B) is discontinuous at x = 1 since f(1+) does not exist though f(1) exists
(C) is discontinuous at x = 1 since f(1) does not exist though f(1+) exists
(D) is discontinuous since neither f(1) nor f(1+) exists.

1  sinx n (sin x )  

28. Let f(x) = . ,x . The value of f   so that the function is continuous
(   2x )2 n (1   2  4x  4 x 2 ) 2 2
at x = /2 is:
(A) 1/16 (B) 1/32 (C)  1/64 (D) 1/128

x 2 if x is irrational
29. Let f(x) =  , then:
1 if x is rational
(A) f(x) is discontinuous for all x (B) discontinuous for all x except at x = 0
(C) discontinuous for all x except at x = 1 or 1 (D) none of these
30. A point (x, y), where function f(x) = [sin [x]] in (0, 2) is not continuous, is ([.] denotes greatest
integer  x).
(A) (3, 0) (B) (2, 0) (C) (1, 0) (D) (4, –1)
 (1  sin x ) t  1
31. The function f defined by f(x) = tlim .   is
  (1  sin x ) t  1
(A) everywhere continuous (B) discontinuous at all integer values of x
(C) continuous at x = 0 (D) none of these
  1
 x 1  x sin  , x0
  x
  1
32. If f(x) =    x 1  x sin  , x  0 , then f(x) is
  x
0 , x0


(A) continuous as well as diff. at x = 0 (B) continuous at x = 0, but not diff. at = 0
(C) neither continuous at x = 0 nor diff. at x = 0 (D) none of these
33. The functions defined by f(x) = max {x 2, (x  1)2, 2x (1  x)}, 0  x  1
(A) is differentiable for all x
(B) is differentiable for all x except at one point
(C) is differentiable for all x except at two points
(D) is not differentiable at more than two points.
34. For what triplets of real numbers (a, b, c) with a 0 the function
x , x 1
f(x) =  2 is differentiable for all real x?
ax  bx  c , otherwise
(A) {(a, 12a, a)  a  R, a 0 } (B) {(a, 12a, c)  a, c  R, a 0 }
(C) {(a, b, c)  a, b, c  R, a + b + c =1 } (D) {(a, 12a, 0)  a  R, a 0}

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 157

  x 2 e 2( x1) for 0  x  1
35. Given f(x) =  . f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 provided:
a sgn ( x  1) cos (2x  2)  bx 2 for 1  x  2
(A) a =  1, b = 2 (B) a = 1, b =  2 (C) a =  3, b = 4 (D) a = 3, b =  4

36. [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If f(x) = [x] [sin x] in (1,1), then f(x) is:
(A) continuous at x = 0 (B) continuous in (1, 0)
(C) differentiable in (1,1) (D) none

maxf( t )for 0  t  x for 0  x  1

37. Let f(x) = x3  x 2 + x + 1 and g(x) =  , then:
 3  xx 2 for 1  x  2
(A) g(x) is continuous & derivable at x = 1
(B) g(x) is continuous but not derivable at x = 1
(C) g(x) is neither continuous nor derivable at x = 1
(D) g(x) is derivable but not continuous at x = 1
2f ( x )  3f (2x )  f ( 4 x )
38. Let f(x) be continuous at x = 0 and f(0) = 4 then value of xlim is
0 x2
(A) 11 (B) 2 (C) 12 (D) none of these

xy f(x)  f (y)

39. Let f : R  R be a function such that f   = , f(0) = 0 and f(0) = 3, then
 3  3

f (x)
(A) is differentiable in R (B) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable in R
x
(C) f(x) is continuous in R (D) f(x) is bounded in R
40. Suppose that f is a differentiable function with the property that f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy and

lim 1 f(h) = 3, then

h0 h
(A) f is a linear function (B) f(x) = 3x + x 2
x2
(C) f(x) = 3x + (D) none of these
2
xy 4  2( f ( x )  f ( y ))
41. If a differentiable function f satisfies f   =  x, y  R, then f(x) is equal to
 3  3

1 2 8 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 7 7 7
42. Let f(x) = [n + p sin x], x  (0, ), n  Z, p is a prime number and [x] is greatest integer less than or
equal to x. The number of points at which f(x) is not differentiable is
(A) p (B) p – 1 (C) 2p + 1 (D) 2p – 1
:

1
43. Let f R  R be any function and g (x) = Then g is
f ( x)
(A) onto if f is onto (B) one-one if f is one-one
(C) continuous if f is continuous (D) differentiable if f is differentiable
More than one choice type

44. im sin 2x  a sinx = p (finite), then

If x  0
x3
(A) a = – 2 (B) a = – 1 (C) p = – 2 (D) p = – 1
| x|
45. Let f(x) = , then
sinx
(A) f(–) =  1 (B) f(–) = 1

(C) xim
  f(x) does not exist
im f(x) does not exist
(D) x 

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 158

 im 1  ax  bx 2 x = e3, then possible values of a and b is/are :
2

46. If x  0

3 1 3 3 3
(A) a = 3, b = 0 (B) a = ,b= (C) a = ,b= (D) a = ,b=0
2 2 2 2 2
(ax  1)n
47. im is equal to
x xn  A

– 1 –
(A) an if n  N (B)  if n  Z & a=A=0 (C) if n = 0 (D) an if n  Z , A = 0 & a  0
1 A
 2x
1 , 0  x 1
48. Let f(x) =  a , if xim
1
f(x) exists, then value of a is :
 ax, 1  x  2

(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 2 (D) – 2
1
49. If f(x) = x – 1, then on the interval [0, ]
2
1 1
(A) tan (f(x)) and are both continuous (B) tan (f(x)) and are both discontinuous
f ( x) f ( x)
1
(C) tan (f(x)) and f –1 (x) are both continuous (D) tan (f(x)) is continuous but is not.
f ( x)
0 , x
50. Let f(x) and g(x) be defined by f(x) = [x] and g(x) =  2 (where [ . ] denotes the greatest
x , x  R  
integer function), then
(A) xlim
1
g(x) exists, but g is not continuous at x = 1

(B) xlim
1
f(x) does not exist and f is not continuous at x = 1
(C) gof is continuous for all x (D) fog is continuous for all x

51. Let f(x) = [x] + x  [ x ] , where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function. Then
(A) f(x) is continuous on R+ (B) f(x) is continuous on R
(C) f(x) is continuous on R –  (D) discontinuous at x = 1
n

52. If f(x) = a0 + a
k 1
k | x |k , where a s are real constants, then f(x) is
i

(A) continuous at x = 0 for all ai (B) differentiable at x = 0 for all ai  R

(C) differentiable at x = 0 for all a2k – 1 = 0 (D) none of these

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. im f ( x ) , where f (x) is as in COLUMN - is
x0
Column – I Column – II
tan[ e 2 ]x 2  tan[ e 2 ]x 2 2
(A) f (x) = 2 (p)
sin x 8
where [.] represents greatest integer function.

(B)


2
f(x) =  min(t  4t  6)
sin x 
x 
 (q) 15

where [ . ] represents greatest integer function.
3
1  x 2  4 1  2x
(C) f (x) = (r) 1
x  x2
2  1  cos x 1
(D) f (x) = 2 (s)
sin x 2

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 159

 a 0 x m  a1x m1  .....  a k x mk im  (x) is equal to
2. Let  (x) = , where a0  0, b0  0 and m, n  N, then x 
b 0 x n  b1x n 1  ....  b  x n   0

Column –  Column – 
(A) m>n (p) 
(B) m=n (q) –
a0 a0
(C) m < n and n – m is even, b > 0 (r) b0
0

a0
(D) m < n and n – m is even, b < 0 (s) 0
0

3. Let [.] denotes the greatest integer function.

Column – I Column – II
(A) If P(x) = [2 cos x], x  [–, ], then P(x) (p) is discontinuous at exactly 7 points
(B) If Q(x) = [2 sin x], x  [–, ], then Q(x) (q) is discontinuous at exactly 4 points

  
(C) If R(x) = [2 tan x/2], x   ,  , then R(x) (r) is non differentiable at some points
 2 2

 x  
(D) If S(x) = 3 cosec  , x   , 2 , then S(x) (s) is continuous at infinitely many values
 3 2 
4. Column – I Column – II
(A) f(x) = |x3| is (p) continuous in (–1, 1)

(B) f(x) = | x | is (q) differentiable in (–1, 1)

(C) f(x) = |sin–1 x| is (r) differentiable in (0, 1)
(D) f(x) = cos–1 |x| is (s) not differentiable atleast at one point in
(–1, 1)

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Comprehension # 1
n
 x 
im  cos
Consider two functions f(x) = n  and g(x) = – x 4b , where b = im  x 2  x  1  x 2  1  ,
  n x   

then
1. f(x) is
x2 x2
 x2 x2
(A) e (B) e 2 (C) e (D) e2

2. g(x) is
(A) – x2 (B) x 2 (C) x 4 (D) –x4
3. Number of solutions of equation f(x) + g(x) = 0 is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) 1
Comprehension # 2

sin x  ae x  be  x  c n (1  x )
Consider f(x) = , where a, b, c are real numbers.
x3

4. im f(x) is finite, then the value of a + b + c is

If X0
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) – 2

5. im f(x) = (finite), then the value of  is

If X0

1 1
(A) – 2 (B) – (C) – 1 (D) –
2 3

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 160

6. im x f(x) is
Using the values of a, b, c as found in Q.No. 5 or Q. No. 6 above, the value of x0
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) – (D) 2
2 2
Comprehension # 3
If both xLim
c 
f(x) and xLim
c 
f(x) exist finitely and are equal , then the function f is said to have removable
discontinuity at x = c
If both the limits i.e. Lim f(x) and Lim f(x) exist finitely and are not equal, then the function f is said
x c x c

to have non-removable discontinuity at x = c and in this case | xLim

c 
f(x) – xLim
c 
f(x) | is called jump of
the discontinuity.

7. Which of the following function has non-removable discontinuity at the origin ?

1  1  | sin x | 
(A) f(x) = n | x | (B) f(x) = x sin (C) f(x) = (D) f(x) = cos  
x 1  2 cot x  x 
8. Which of the following function not defined at x = 0 has removable discontinuity at the origin ?
1
1 1 ex 1 1
(A) f(x) = 1 (B) f(x) = tan–1 (C) f(x) = 1 (D) f(x) = n | x |
1 2 x x ex 1
 1 
tan (tan x); x  4
9. If f(x) =   , then jump of discontinuity is
  [ x]  1 ; x 
 4
(where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function)
   
(A) –1 (B) +1 (C) 1 – (D) – 1 –
4 4 4 4
Comprehension # 4
 x g( x ) , x0
Let f(x) = x  ax 2  x 3 , x  0 , where g(t) = lim (1 + a tan x)t/x, a is positive constant, then
 x0

10. If a is even prime number, then g(2) =

(A) e2 (B) e3 (C) e4 (D) none of these
11. Set of all values of a for which function f(x) is continuous at x = 0
(A) (–1, 10) (B) (–, ) (C) (0, ) (D) none of these
12. If f(x) is differentiable at x = 0, then a 
(A) (–5, –1) (B) (–10, 3) (C) (0, ) (D) none of these

Comprehension # 5
1  | x | , | x |  1
Let f : R  R be a function defined as, f(x) =  and g(x) = f(x – 1) + f(x + 1),  x  R.
 0 , |x|1
Then
13. The value of g(x) is :
 0 , x  3  0 , x  2
 
2  x ,  3  x  1 2  x ,  2  x  1
  x ,  1  x  0   x ,  1  x  0
(A) g( x )   (B) g( x )  
 x , 0  x 1  x , 0  x 1
2  x , 1 x  3  2  x , 1 x2
 
 0 , x3  0 , x2
 0 , x0

2  x , 0  x 1
  x , 1 x  2
(C) g( x )   (D) none of these
 x , 2x3
2  x , 3x4

 0 , 4x

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 161

14. The function g(x) is continuous for, x 
(A) R – {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} (B) R – {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2} (C) R (D) none of these

15. The function g(x) is differentiable for, x 

(A) R (B) R – {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2} (C) R – {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} (D) none of these

PART - I : IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
im (a  n) nx  tanx  sin nx
1. If x = 0, where n is a non-zero real number, then a is equal to
0
x2
[IIT-JEE-2003, Scr. (3, –1), 84]
n1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) n (D) n +
n n
2. If a function f : [–2a, 2a]  R is an odd function such that f(x) = f(2a – x) for x  [a, 2a] and the leftt
hand derivative at x = a is 0, then find the left hand derivative at x = –a.[JEE 2003, Main, (2, 0), 60]


b sin1 c  x  ,  1  x  0
  2  2
1  1
3. If |c|  and f(x) is a differentiable function at x = 0 given by f(x) =  , x0
2  2
ax

 e 1
2 1
, 0x
 x 2
Find the value of 'a' and prove that 64 b2 = 4 – c 2 [IIT- JEE 2004, Main, (4, 0), 60]

f (x 2 )  f (x)
4. If f(x) is differentiable and strictly increasing function, then the value of xlim
0 f ( x )  f (0 )
is
[IIT-JEE 2004, Scr, (3, –1), 84]
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) –1 (D) 2
5. The function given by y = | | x | – 1 | is differentiable for all real numbers except the points
[IIT-JEE 2005 , Scr, (3, –1), 84]
(A) {– 1, 0, 1} (B) ±1 (C) –1 (D) 1

 1
6. If f(x) is a continuous and differentiable function and f   = 0 n  1 and n  Z, then
n
(A) f(x) = 0, x  (0, 1] (B) f(0) = 0, f(0) = 0 [IIT- JEE 2005, Scr, (3, –1), 84]
(C) f(0) = 0 = f(0), x  (0, 1] (D) f(0) = 0 and f(0) need not be zero
7. If f(x – y) = f(x) . g(y) – f(y) . g(x) and g(x – y) = g(x) . g(y) + f(x) . f(y) for all x, y  R and right hand
dervative at x = 0 exists for f(x), then find derivative of g(x) at x = 0. [IIT- JEE 2005, Main, (4, 0), 60]
sin x

8. im sin x  1x   1 
For x > 0, x  is equal to [IIT-JEE-2006, (3, –1), 184]
0
x
(A) 0 (B) – 1 (C) 1 (D) 2
9*. A function f(x) is defined in the interval [1, 4] as follows : [IIT-JEE 2006, P-2, (5, –1), 184]
log e [ x] , 1  x  3
f(x) = 
| loge x | , 3  x  4
the graph of the function f(x) ([.] represents greatest integer function)
(A) is broken at two points
(B) is broken at exactly one point
(C) does not have a definite tangent at two points
(D) does not have a definite tangent at more than two points

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 162

10*. If f(x) = min {1, x2, x3}, then [IIT-JEE 2006 , P-2, (5, –1), 184]
(A) f(x) is continuous  x  R
(B) f(x) > 0,  x > 1
(C) f(x) is not differentiable but continuous  x  R
(D) f(x) is not differentiable for two values of x
11. Match the column [IIT-JEE 2007, P-2, (6, 0), 81]
Column I Column II
(A) x | x | (p) continuous in (– 1, 1)

(B) |x| (q) differentiable in (– 1, 1)

(C) x + [x] (r) strictly increasing in (– 1, 1)
(D) | x – 1 | + | x + 1 | (s) not differentiable at least at one point in (– 1, 1)

12. Let f and g be real valued functions defined on interval (–1, 1) such that g (x) is continuous, g(0)  0,
g(0) = 0, g (0)  0, and f(x) = g(x) sin x [IIT-JEE 2008, P-2, (3, –1), 82]
STATEMENT - 1 : xlim
0
[g(x) cot x – g(0) cosec x] = f(0)
and
STATEMENT-2 : f(0) = g(0)
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True
( x  1)n
13. Let g(x) = ; 0 < x < 2, m and n are integers, m  0, n > 0, and let p be the left hand derivative
log cosm ( x  1)
of |x – 1| at x = 1. If xlim
1
g(x) = p, then [IIT-JEE 2008, P-2, (3, –1), 82]
(A) n = 1, m = 1 (B) n = 1, m = – 1 (C) n = 2, m = 2 (D) n > 2, m = n
x2
a  a2  x 2 
im 4
14*. Let L = x 0 x4 , a > 0. If L is finite, then [IIT-JEE-2009, Paper-1, (4, –1), 80]
1 1
(A) a = 2 (B) a = 1 (C) L = (D) L =
64 32

 
1
15. If lim 1  x ln(1  b 2 ) x = 2b sin2 , b > 0 and   (–, ], then the value of  is
x 0
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
   
(A) ± (B) ± (C) ± (D) ±
4 3 6 2
16*. Let f : R  R be a function such that f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y),  x, y  R. If f(x) is differentiable at x = 0, then
(A) f(x) is differentiable only in a finite interval containing zero [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
(B) f(x) is continuous  x  R
(C) f(x) is constant x  R
(D) f(x) is differentiable except at finitely many points
  
 x  2 , x
2
 

17*. If f(x) =   cos x ,   x  0 , then [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (4, 0), 80]
 2
 x 1 , 0  x 1
 n x , x 1

(A) f(x) is continuous at x = – (B) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0
2
3
(C) f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 (D) f(x) is differentiable at x = –
2

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 163

 bx
18. Let f : (0, 1)  R be defined by f(x) = , where b is a constant such that 0 < b < 1. Then
1  bx
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (4, 0), 80]
1
(A) f is not invertible on (0, 1) (B) f  f–1 on (0, 1) and f(b) = 
f (0)
1
(C) f = f–1 on (0, 1) and f(b) =  (D) f–1 is differentiable on (0, 1)
f (0)
 x2  x  1 
  ax  b  = 4, then
19. If xlim
   [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (3, –1), 70]
 x 1 
(A) a = 1, b = 4 (B) a = 1, b = –4 (C) a = 2, b = –3 (D) a = 2, b = 3

20. Let (a) and (a) be the roots of the equation  1  a – 1 x   1  a – 1 x   1  a – 1   0 where a > –1.
3 2 6

Then alim
0 
(a) and alim
0 
(a) are [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2, (3, –1), 66]

5 1 7 9
(A) – and 1 (B) – and –1 (C) – and 2 (D) – and 3
2 2 2 2
 2 
 x cos , x  0
21. Let f(x) =  x , x  R , then f is
0, x0
(A) differentiable both at x = 0 and at x = 2 [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (3, –1), 70]
(B) differentiable at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 2
(C) not differentiable at x = 0 but differentiable at x = 2
(D) differentiable neither at x = 0 nor at x = 2
22. For every integer n, let an and bn be real numbers. Let function f : R  R be given by

a n  sin  x, for x  [2n, 2n  1]

f(x) = b  cos x, for x  (2n  1, 2n) , for all integers n.
 n
If f is continuous, then which of the following hold(s) for all n ? [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2, (4, 0), 66]
(A) an–1 – bn–1 = 0 (B) an – bn = 1 (C) an – bn+1 = 1 (D) an–1 – bn = –1

(1a  2a  ....  na ) 1
23. For a  R (the set of all real numbers), a  –1, lim  . Then a =
n (n  1) a –1 60
[(na  1)  (na  2)  ...  (na  n)]

[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]

– 15 – 17
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) (D)
2 2

PART - II : AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

 x
1  tan  1  sin x 
im  2
1. x is equal to [AIEEE– 2003]
 x
 
2
3
 1  tan    2 x
 2
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) – (3) (4) –
16 16 32 32
im  n( 3  x )   n ( 3  x )
2. If x  0
= k , then the value of k is : [AIEEE– 2003]
x
1 2 2
(1) 0 (2) – (3) (4) –
3 3 3

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 164

3. Let f(a) = g(a) = k and their nth derivatives fn(a), gn(a) exist and are not equal for some n. Further if
im f (a) g( x )  f (a)  g(a) f ( x )  g(a) = 4, then the value of k is equal to [AIEEE– 2003]
x a g( x )  f ( x )
(1) 4 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 0

  1  1 
  | x| x 
  , x 0
4. If f(x) = xe , then f(x) is : [AIEEE 2003]
 0 , x  0

(1) continuous as well as differentiable for all x (2) continuous for all x but not differentiable at x = 0
(3) neither differentiable nor continuous at x = 0 (4) discontinuous everywhere
2x

5. im 1  a  b2 
If x = e2, then the values of a & b are [AIEEE– 2004]
 x x 

(1) a  R, b R (2) a = 1, b R (3) a R, b = 2 (4) a = 1, b = 2

1 – tan x       
6. Let f(x) = , x  , x   0,  and f(x) is continuous in  0,  , then f   is equal to
4x –  4  2  2  4
1 1
(1) – (2) (3) 1 (4) – 1 [AIEEE 2004]
2 2
1  cos(ax 2  bx  c )
7. Let  and  be the distinct roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then xim is equal to :
 ( x   )2
1 a2 a2
(1) ( – )2 (2)  ( – )2 (3) 0 (4) ( – )2 [AIEEE– 2005]
2 2 2

8. If f is a real-valued differentiable function satisfying |f(x) – f(y)|  (x – y)2 , x,y  R and f(0) = 0, then f(1)
equals : [AIEEE 2005]
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 0 (4) – 1.

1
9. Suppose f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 and Lim
h0 h
f(1+h) = 5, then f(1) equals : [AIEEE 2005]
(1) 6 (2) 5 (3) 4 (4) 3.

x
10. The set of points, where f(x) = is differentiable, is : [AIEEE 2006]
1 | x |
(1) (– , – 1) (– 1, ) (2) (– , ) (3) (0, ) (4) (– , 0)(0, )

1 2
11. The function f : R – {0}  R given by f(x) = – 2x can be made continuous at x = 0 by defining f(0)
x e 1
as
(1) 2 (2) – 1 (3) 0 (4) 1 [AIEEE 2007]
12. Let f : R  R be a function defined by f(x) = Min {x + 1, |x| + 1}. Then which of the following is true?
(1) f(x)  1 for all x  R (2) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1 [AIEEE 2007]
(3) f(x) is differentiable everywhere (4) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0

 1
( x – 1) sin x 1
13. Let f(x) =  x – 1, Then which one of the following is true ? [AIEEE 2008]
 0 , x 1

(1) f is differentiable at x = 0 and at x = 1 (2) f is differentiable at x = 0 but not at x =1

(3) f is differentiable at x = 1 but not at x = 0 (4) f is neither differentiable at x = 0 nor at x = 1
14. Let f(x) = x|x| and g(x) = sin x [AIEEE 2009]
Statement-1 gof is differentiable at x = 0 and its derivative is continuous at that point.
Statement-2 gof is twice differentiable at x = 0.
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 165

 f (3 x ) f ( 2x )
15. Let f : R  R be a positive increasing function with xlim = 1. Then xlim . [AIEEE– 2010]
 f(x)  f ( x )

2 3
(1) (2) (3) 3 (4) 1
3 2
 1  cos {2( x  2)} 
16. lim  
[AIEEE– 2011]
x 2  x2 
 
1
(1) does not exist (2) equals 2 (3) equals – 2 (4) equals
2

17. Let f : R  [0,  ) be such that xlim f(x) exists and xlim ( f ( x ))2  9 [AIEEE– 2011]
5 5 0
| x5|
Then lim f(x) equals :
x 5
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
 sin(p  1)x  sin x
 , x0
 x
18. The value of p and q for which the function f(x) =  q , x  0 is continuous for all x in R,
 xx  x
2
 , x0
 x3 / 2
are :
1 3 5 1 3 1 1 3
(1) p = ,q=– (2) p = ,q= (3) p = – ,q= (4) p = ,q=
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

 1
sin , If x  0
19. Define F(x) as the product of two real functions f1(x) = x, x R, and f2(x) =  x
 0 , If x  0
as follows :
f1( x ). f2 ( x ) , If x  0
F(x) =  [AIEEE 2011]
 0, If x  0
Statement - 1 : F(x) is continuous on R.
Statement - 2 : f1(x) and f2(x) are continuous on R.
(1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(4) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
x 2 f (a )  a 2 f ( x )
20. If function f(x) is differentiable at x = a, then xlim
a
is : [AIEEE 2011]
xa
(1) –a2f ’(a) (2) af(a) – a2f ’ (a) (3) 2af(a) – a2f ’ (a) (4) 2af(a) + a2f ’ (a)
 2x  1 
21. If f : R  R is a function defined by f(x) = [x] cos   , where[x] denotes the greatest integer function,
 2 
then f is : [AIEEE- 2012]
(1) continuous for every real x.
(2) discontinuous only at x = 0.
(3) discontinuous only at non-zero integral values of x.
(4) continuous only at x = 0.
22. Consider the function, f(x) = |x – 2| + |x – 5|, x  R . [AIEEE- 2012]
Statement-1 : f(4) = 0
Statement-2 : f is continuous in [2, 5], differentiable in (2, 5) and f(2) = f(5).
(1) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(3) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(4) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 166

 (1 – cos 2x )(3  cos x )
23. lim is equal to [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –¼),120]
x 0 x tan 4 x
1 1
(1) – (2) (3) 1 (4) 2
4 2

PART - III : CBSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

 x
 , x0
1. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) =  | x | 2x 2 at x = 0. [CBSE-2005]
2 , x0
2. Discuss the continuity of the function :
 cos x
, x  /2
 
f(x) =  – 1 [CBSE-2005]
2
 1 , x  /2

at x = .
2
3. Discuss the continuity of the following function [CBSE-2006]

 x
 , if x  0
f(x) =  | x | at x = 0.
  1, if x  0

4. Discuss the continuity of the function f given by

 x , if x  0
f(x) =  2 at x = 0. [CBSE-2006]
x , if x  0

 1 , x3

5. Find the constants a and b so that the function ‘f’ defined below is continuous f(x) = ax  b , 3  x5
 7 , x5

[CBSE-2006]

6. Discuss the continuity of the function f defined by [CBSE-2006, 2004]

x  2 , if x  1

0 , if x  1
f(x) =  at x = 1.
x  2 , x  1

Kx  1, if x  5
7. Find the value of K so that function f(x)=  is continuous at x=5. [CBSE-2006, 2004, 2002]
3 x  5, if x  5

 x 2 – 25
 , when x  5
8. If f(x) =  x – 5 is continuous at x = 5, find the value of k. [CBSE-2007]
 k , when x  5

9. Find the value of K so that the function

Kx 2 , if x  2
f(x) =  is continuous at x = 2. [CBSE-2007,2004]
 3 , if x  2

x  1 if x  1
10. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) =  2 at x = 1 [CBSE-2007]
x  1 if x  1
 5 x – 4 , when 0  x  1
11. Show that f(x) =  3 , is continuous at x = 1. [CBSE-2008]
4 x – 3 x , when 1  x  2

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 167

12. If the following function f(x) is continuous at x = 0, find the value of k :
1 – cos 2x
 , x0
f(x) =  2x 2 [CBSE-2008]
 k , x0 
 sin x  cos x , x  0
 x

13. Show that the function f(x) defined by f(x) =  4(1 – ( 1 – x ) is continuous at x = 0.
 , x0
 x
 , x0 [CBSE-2009]
2
14. Show that the function f defined as follows, is continuous at x = 2, but not differentiable thereat :

 3x – 2 , 0  x  1
 2
2x – x , 1  x  2
f(x) =  . [CBSE-2010]
 5x – 4 , x2


| x | 3 , x  –3

15. Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined as follows : f(x) =  – 2x , – 3  x  3 [CBSE-2010]
 6x  2 , x3

16. For what value of k is the function defined by [CBSE-2010]
k( x 2  2) , if x  0
f(x) = 
 3x  1 , if x  0
continuous at x = 0 ? Also write whether the function is continuous at x = 1.
ax  1, if x 3
17. Find the relationship between a and b so that the function f defined by f(x) = 
bx  3 if x  3
[CBSE-2010, 2006]
is continuous at x = 3.
1
18. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) at x = , when f(x) is defined as follows : [CBSE-2011]
2

 
a sin 2 ( x  1) , x  0
19. Find the value of ‘a’ for which the function f defined as f(x) =  is continuous at x = 0.
tan x – sin x
 , x  0
 x3 [CBSE-2011]
 3ax  b , if x  1

11 , if x  1
20. If the function f(x) given by f(x) =  is continuous at x = 1, find the values of a and b.
5ax – 2b , if x  1
 [CBSE-2011, 2010, 2008]

21. Show that the function f(x) = |x – 3|, x  R, is continuous but not differentiable at x = 3.[CBSE 2013, 4]

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 168

 BOARD SOLUTIONS  1  1 
= hlim 1    h   = lim   h  = 1
0  2  h 0  2  2
1.  f(x) is continuous at x = 
 1 1
 lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f() Also f  =
x  – x 2 2
lim Kx + 1 = lim cosx  1
x  – x   LHL = RHL = f  
2
K ·  + 1 = cos
K + 1 = cos 1
Therefore, f(x) is continuous at x = .
K = – 2 2
–2  | sin x |
K=  | sin x |  x , x0
  , x0 
6. f(x) =  x =  1 , x0
 sin x   1 , x0   sin x
2. lim f(x) = lim   cos x  = 1 + 1 = 2 , x0
x 0 x 0  x   x
Now f(0) = 1 
Also f(0) = 2 Also L.H. Limit
 xlim f(x) = f(0) sin x
0
= xlim
0 –
f(x) = xlim0 –
– =–1
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 0 x
Since L.H. Limit  f(0)
3. The given function is
 f is not continuous at x = 0.
f(x) = 2x – |x|
| x a| |a ha|
 2x  x when x  0  x when x  0 7. LHL = xlim f(x) = xlim
a  x  a
= xlim
=  = 
a  a a ha
2x  (  x ) when x  0 3 x when x  0 |  h | h
Now f(0) = 0 = xlim
a
= xlim
a  h
= xlim
a
(–1) = –1
h
R.H.L. at x = 0 | x a| |aha|
RHL = xlim f(x) = xlim = xlim
f(0+) = lim f(x) = lim x = 0 a  a  x  a a  a  h  a
x 0 
x 0
h
L.H.L. at x = 0 = xlim
a  h
= xlim
a 
1=1
f(0–) = lim f(x) = xlim
0 
.3x = 0 As LHL  RHL
x 0
Hence f(x) is discontinuous at x = a.
(Since RHL  LHL = f(0) )
at x  0 at x  0 8.  f(x) is continuous at x = 1
 f(0+) = f(0–) = f(0)  lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(1)  lim kx2 = 4
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0. x 1– x 1 x 1
Put x = 1 + h, h  0
4. Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0
lim k(1 + h)2 = 4
 lim f(x) = f(0) h0
x 0
k(1)2 = 4 k=4
1 cos 4 x
lim =K [ f(0) = K] 9. LHL= Lim f(x) = Lim x3 – 3 = 23 – 3 = 8 – 3 = 5
x 0 8x 2 x 2 – x 2 –

2 RHL = Lim f(x) = Lim x2 + 1

lim 2 sin 2x = K x 2  x 2 
x 0
8x 2 = 22 + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5
Also f(2) = 23 – 3 = 8 – 3= 5
 sin  
lim sin 2x . sin 2x = K  lim  1  LHL = RHL = f(2)
x 0
2x 2x   0    f(x) is continuous at x = 2
1.1 = K 10. The given function f(x) is continuous at x = 1
Hence K = 1  f(1 – ) = f(1 + ) = f(1)
lim lim x 1  1 Now f(1–) = xlim f(x) = hlim f(1 – h)
5. LHL = 1 f(x) = = hlim   h  1 0
x  1
x  0  2  2
2 2
= hlim
0
5a (1 – h) – 2b = 5a – 2b ...(1)
lim lim
RHL = 1
x 
f(x) = 1 = (1 – x) f(1) = 11 ...(2)
x 
2 2

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 169

 1  bx – 1
f(1+) = xlim
1
f(x) = hlim
0
f(1 + h) = xlim
0  bx( 1  bx  1)
= hlim
0
3a(1 + h) + b = 3a + b ...(3) 1 1 1
= xlim  
Equation (1), (2) and (3), we get 0  1  bx  1 11 2
5a – 2b = 11 1 1 3
3a + b = 11  a = 3; b = 2 a+2= =c  a+2=  a= –
2 2 2
2 ( x  3 ) ( x  2) 1
11. xlim f(x) = lim x  x  6 = lim c=
 2 x  2
x2 x  2 ( x  2) 2
Hence for f to be continuous at x= 0, we must have
= xlim
 2
(x – 3) = –5 3 1
a= – ,c= and b may be any real value.
2 2
Also f(–2) = –5  lim f(x) = f(–2)
x  2 16.  f(x) is continuos at x = 2 and x = 5
 f(x) is continuous at x = –2  lim f(x) = f(2) and lim f(x) = f(5)
x 2 x 5 –
1
12. lim f(x) = lim x · sin  lim (ax + b) = 4 and lim– (ax + b) = 13
x  x  x x 2  x 5
 2a + b = 4 ...(i)
= lim x [finite quantity between –1 & 1] and 5a + b = 13 ...(ii)
x 
= 0 × [finite quantity between – 1 & 1] = 0 Solveing these equations, we get
2a + b = 4
Also f(0) = 0  lim f(x) = f(0) 5a + b = 13
x 
(–) (–) (–)
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 0 –3a = – 9  a=3
13. Since f(x) is continuous at x = 2 Putting the value of a in (i), we get
 L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(2) 2(3) + b = 4  b=4–6=–2
Therefore, a = 3 and b = – 2
lim f(x) = xlim f(x) = a
x 2  2  5 if x  2

lim 2x – 1 = lim x + 1 = a 17. Given f(x) = ax  b if 2  x  10
x 2  x 2 21
 if x  10
lim [2(2 – h) – 1] = hlim [(2 + h) + 1] = a
h0 0 Clearly, Df = R.
4 – 1 = 2 + 1 = a  a = 3 Let C  R be arbitrary. f will be a continuous function
Also f(x) is a polynomial and hence it is continuous only if it is continuous at all C R. Five cases arise :
Case I : If C < 2, then we can find a nhd of C, every
at x = 3.
point of which is less that 2.
14.  f(x) is continuous at x = 2
 lim f(x) = lim (5) = f(c)
lim– f(x) = lim f(x) = f(2) x C x C
x 2 x 2 Case II : If C = 2, then every nhd of C contains points
lim 2x + 1 = lim 3x – 1 = k which are less than 2 and also points which are
x 2 x 2
greater than 2.
Consider , xlim
2 
3x – 1 = k Now f(2) = 5,
6–1=k k=5 lim– f(x) = lim– (5) = 5 and lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
15. Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0
lim– f(x) = lim f(x) = f(0) = lim (ax + b) = 2a + b
x 2
x 0 
x 0  f is continuous at 2 only if 2a + b = 5 ...(i)
 lim f(x) = lim sin(a  1)x  sin x ( f is continuous at 2 if f(2) = lim– f(x) = lim f(x))
x 0  x 0
x x 2 x 2
Case III : If 2 < C < 10, then, we can find a nhd of C,
 sin(a  1) x sin x 
= lim–   every point of which lies between 2 and 10.
x 0  x x 
lim f(x) = lim (ax + b) = aC + b = f(C)
 sin(a  1) x  x C x C
sin x
= xlim 
0 –  (a  1) x 
  (a + 1) + lim f is continuous at C(2, 10).
x0 –
x Case IV : If C = 10, then every nhd of C contains
= (a + 1) + 1 = a + 2 points which are less than 10 and also points which
x  bx 2 – x are greater than 10.
= lim f ( x )  lim Now f(10) = 21,
x 0 x 0 bx 3 / 2
lim f(x) = lim – (ax + b) = 10 a + b and lim f(x) =
1  bx – 1  1  bx  1  x 10 – x 10 
x 10
= xlim 
0  bx  1  bx  1  lim (21) = 21
  x 10 

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 170

  f is continuous at 10 only if 10 a + b = 21 ...(ii)
1
( f is continuous at 10 if f(10)= lim – f(x)= lim  f(x)) (ix) (x) 5
x 10 x 10 2
Case V : If C > 10, then we find a nhd of C, every 1
point of which is greater than 10. B-3. (i) (ii) 0 (iii)  (iv) 1 (v) 0
2
 lim f(x) = lim 21 = 21 = f(C)
x C x C 5 2 1
f is continuous at C > 10 B-4. B-5. (i) – (ii)
2 25 3
Thus, f will be continuous function only when both
(i) and (ii) are satisfied, 1
B-6 a = 2, b = 1, c = –1 and limit = –
i.e., when 2a + b = 5 and 10a + b = 21 3
–8a = – 16 (on subtraction) a = 2 and then 2 × 2 + b = 5 SECTION (C) :
b=1 C-1 a + b = 0 and bc = 3
Hence f is continuous function when a = 2 and b= 1.
2

18. For f(x) to be cont. at x = 0, we have C-2. (i) e –1
(ii) 0 (iii) e 
(iv) 1
f(0–) = f(0) = f(0+) ...(1)
Here f(0) = a (v) 1 (vi) 0

1  cos 4 x 2 sin 2 2x x
f(0–) = lim = lim C-3.
x2 3
x 0  x 0  x2
2 C-4. (i) 1 (ii) 1 C-5. {–1, 0, 1}
 sin 2x 
= xlim
0 
8  = 8.12 = 8 ...(2) Section (D) :
 2x 
f(0+) 3 1 1
x D-1. a= , b  0, c = D-2. a = , b = 4
2 2 2
= xlim
0 
16  x  4
D-3. (i) continuous at x = 1 (ii) continuous
x 16  x  4 (iii) discontinuous (iv) continuous at x = 1, 2
= lim ×
x 0 
16  x  4 16  x  4 D-4. (a) 2, 2, 3 (b) K = 5 (c) even
x ( 16  x  4)  16  x  4  Section (E) :
= xlim = xlim  
0 
(16  x )  16 0    E-1. (i) x  R – {2, 3} (ii) x  R – {– 1, 1}
=8 ...(3) (iii) x  R (iv) x  R – {(2n + 1), n }
Hence from (1), (2) and (3), we get a = 8 E-2. discontinuous at all integral values in [ 2, 2]
 
EXERCISE - 1 E-3. discontinuous at n ±
4
, (2n + 1) , n
2
PART - I E-4. g(x) = 2 + x ; 0  x  1,
A-1. (i) Limit does not exist (ii) 3 = 2  x ; 1 < x  2,
(iii) 3 (iv) 3 (v) 3 = 4  x ; 2 < x  3,
A-2. (i) 2 + sin 2 (ii) tan 3 – 23 g is discontinuous at x = 1 & x = 2

3 3 e 7
(iii) cos (iv) 5 5 (v) E-5. – , – 2, 0
4 4 sin 1 3
Section (F) :
A-3. (i) 0 (ii) Limit does not exist
(iii) Limit does not exist(iv) 0
F-1. continuous at both points but differentiable only
A-4. (i) Limit does not exist(ii)  = –2 at x = 2
A-5. 6 F-2. not differentiable at x = 0
A-6. (i) No (ii) No (iii) Yes,  form 0
(iv) No F-3. a = 1/2, b = 3/2
SECTION (B) : Evaluation of limits F-4. continuous but not differentiable at x = 0;
2 differentiable & continuous at x = /2
3 12
B-1. (i) – (ii) (iii)
2 19 3 3
Section (G) :
16 1 G-1. f is not derivable at all integral values in 1 < x  3
B-2. (i) (ii) 2 (iii)
25 3 G-2. f is continuous but not derivable at x = 1/2, f is
(iv) 2a sina + a2 cos a (v) (b – a) neither differentiable nor continuous at x = 1 & x
3 5
3 =2
(vi) 2e2 (vii)
n3
(viii)
2
a  22

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 171

Section (H) : 10. a = 0 ; b = 1 11. Discontinuous
H-2. –2 H-3. f(x) = exf(0)  x  R 12. A =  4, B = 5, f(0) = 1
13. not continuous at x = 1
PART - II
Section (A) : 14. The function f is continuous everywhere in [0, 2]
except for x = 0, 1/2, 1 & 2
A-1. (D) A-2. (C) A-3*. (ABC)
15. (i) continuous every where in its domain
SECTION (B) : (ii) continuous every where in its domain
B-1. (C) B-2. (B) B-3. (D) B-4. (D)
18. continuous in 0  x  1 & not differentiable at x = 0
B-5. (B) B-6. (C) B-7*. (AB) B-8. (D)
19. f (x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = n,
B-9. (C) B-10. (C) B-11. (A) B-12. (B) n  f(x) is not periodic.
B-13. (D) B-14*. (AB) B-15. (B) B-16. (B)
1  13
B-17. (A) B-18. (C) B-19 (A) B-20*. (AD) 21. a = ;b= 
6 4 6
SECTION (C) : PART - II
C-1. (A) C-2. (A) C-3. (B) C-4. (C) 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (B)
C-5. (A) C-6. (C) C-7. (D) C-8*. (ABCD) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (A) 11. (A) 12. (D)
C-9*. (ABC) 13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (A) 16. (C) 17. (C) 18. (C)
Section (D) : 19. (A) 20. (D) 21. (C) 22. (A) 23. (B) 24. (B)
D-1. (A) D-2.* (BCD)
25. (B) 26. (B) 27. (D) 28. (C) 29. (C) 30. (D)
Section (E) :
31. (B) 32. (B) 33. (C) 34. (A) 35. (A) 36. (B)
E-1. (B) E-2. (D) E-3. (C) E-4. (C)
37. (C) 38. (C) 39. (C) 40. (C) 41. (D) 42. (D)
E-5. (B)
43. (B) 44. (AD) 45. (ABCD)46. (BCD)
Section (F) : 47. (ABCD) 48.(BC) 49. (CD) 50. (ABC)
F-1. (B) F-2. (B) F-3. (B) F-4. (B) 51. (ABC) 52. (AC)
F-5. (D) F-6. (B) F-7.* (ABC) F-8.* (ABD)
PART - III
F-9. (B)
1. (A) (q), (B) (r), (C) (s), (D) (p),
Section (G) :
2. (A) (s), (B) (r), (C) (p), (D) (q),
G-1. (A) G-2. (B) G-3.* (BD) G-4. (D)
3. (A)(p, r, s),(B)(p, r, s),(C)(q, r, s),(D)(r, s)
G-5. (B) G-6. (C)
4. (A)(p, q, r),(B)(p, r, s),(C)(p, r, s),(D)(p, r, s)
Section (H) :
PART - IV
H-1. (D) H-2. (D) H-3. (C) H-4 (A)
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (D) 6. (A)
PART - III 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (C) 11. (C) 12. (C)
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (A)
7. (B) 8. (A) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (B)

EXERCISE - 2 EXERCISE - 3
PART - I
PART - I 1. (D) 2. 0 3. 1 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (B)
9 4 e 7. 0 8. (C) 9*. (AC) 10*.(AC)
2. (i)  n (ii)
4 e 2 11. (A) p, q, r,(B)p, s, (C)r, s,(D)  p, q
1 12. (A) 13. (C) 14*.(AC) 15. (D) 16. (BCD) or (BC)
4. (i) a =  ,b=1 (ii) a=2, bR, c=5, d  R
2
17. (ABCD) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (B) 21. (B)
1  
(iii) a = 3, b = 12, c = 9 5. 7. , 22. (BD) 23. (BD)
2 2 2 2
   PART - II
8. Domain = R – 2k  , k  Z 
 2  1. (3) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (2) 5. (2) 6. (1)
   7. (4) 8. (3) 9. (2) 10. (2) 11. (4) 12. (3)
Range = {0}  k  , k  Z 
 4 
13. (2) 14. (3) 15. (4) 16. (1) 17. (4) 18. (3)
 1 13
9. 19. (3) 20. (3) 21. (1) 22. (3) 23. (4)
2
RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 172
 PART - III RHL = xlim f(x) = xlim (x – 2)
1 1
x 0–h
1. LHL = hlim f(x) = hlim = hlim
0 –  0 – | x | 2 x 2 0 | 0 – h | 2(0 – h)2 = hlim
0
(1 + h – 2) = –1 + 0 = –1
–h –1  LHL  RHL
= lim = lim = –1
h0 h  2h2 h0 1  2h  f(x) is not continuous at x = 1.
0h h 1 7.  f(x) is continuous at x = 5
RHL = hlim
0  | 0  h | 2 | 0  h |2
= hlim = lim
0  h  2h 2 h0 1  2h
=1  lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(5)
x 5  x 5 
LHL  RHL
Hence, f(x) is not continuous at x = 0. lim Kx + 1 = lim 3x – 5
x 5  x 5 

cos x  K.5 + 1 = 3.5 – 5  5K + 1 = 10

2. lim f(x) = lim . Put : –x=h
   2 9
x x – x
2 2 5K = 9  K = .
2 5
  8.  f(x) is continuous at x = 5
cos – h 
lim f(x) = lim  2  = lim sinh = 1 lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(5)
 h  h  h x 5 – x 5 
x
2
h
  ( x  5)( x – 5)
Also f   = 1  lim f(x) = f    lim = k  lim (x + 5) = k
2  2
x 5  x–5 x 5 –
x
2 5+5=k
  k = 10
Hence, f(x) is continuous at x =
2 9.  f(x) is continuous at x = 2
x
3. LHL = xlim
0 
f(x) = xlim
0  | x |  lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(2)
x 2  x 2 

0h h  lim Kx2 = lim 3

= hlim
0 | 0  h |
= hlim
0 h
= hlim
0
(–1) = –1 x 2  x 2 

3
K(2)2 = 3  4K = 3  K = .
RHL = xlim
0 
f(x) = xlim
0 
(–1) = –1. Also f(0) = –1 4
 LHL  RHL = f(0) 10. LHL = lim f(x) = lim (x2 + 1) = 12 + 1 = 2
x 1– x 1–
Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
RHL = lim f(x) = lim x + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
x 1 x 1
4. LHL = xlim
0 
f(x) = xlim
0 
x2 = 02 = 0
Also f(1) = 1 + 1 = 2
 LHL = RHL = f(1)
RHL = xlim f(x) = xlim x = 0. Also f(0) = 0
0  0  Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 1
 LHL = RHL = f(0)or lim f(x) = f(0)
x 0 11. L.H.L. = lim f(x) = lim– (5x – 4)
x 1– x 1
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Put x = 1 – h, h  0 = lim (5(1 – h) – 4)
5. Since f(x) is continuous at x = 3 and x = 5 h0
 For continuity at x = 3
= lim (5 – 5h – 4) = lim (1 – 5h) = 1
h0 h0
lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(3)  lim (ax + b) = 1
x 3 – x 3  x 3 
R.H.L. = lim f(x) = lim (4x3 – 3x)
x 1 x 1
lim [a(3 + h) + b] = 1
h0
Put x = 1, h  0 = lim [4(1 + h)3 – 3(1 + h)]
3a + b = 1 ...(i) h0
and For continuity at x = 5 = 4(1 + 0) – 3(1 + 0) = 4 – 3 = 1
3

lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(5)  lim (ax + b) = 7 f(x) = 5x – 4

x 5 – x 5  x 5 –  f(1) = 5(1) – 4 = 5 – 4 = 1
lim [a(5 – h) + b] = 7
h0  lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(1)
x 1 x 1
5a + b = 7 ...(ii)
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
a = 3, b = – 8. 1 – cos 2x
 , x0
6. LHL = xlim f(x) = xlim (x + 2) = hlim (1 + h + 2) 12. Here f(x) =  2x 2
1 1 0  k , x0
= hlim
0
(3 – h) = 3  f(x) is continuous at x = 0

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 173

 lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(0)  L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(2)
x 0 – x 0  Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
Test for differentiability at x = 2
1 – cos 2 x 1 – cos 2x
lim = lim =k f ( 2 – h) – f ( 2)
x 0 – 2x 2 x 0 2x 2 Lf(2) = lim
h0 –h
1 – cos 2x
Consider lim =k
2x 2
x 0  [2(2 – h)2 – (2 – h)] – [2(2)2 – 2]
= lim
Put x = 0 + h, h  0 h0 –h
1 – cos 2(0  h) 1 – cos 2h [2( 4  h2 – 4h) – 2  h] – 6
lim 2 =k  lim =k = lim
h 0 2(0  h) h 0 2h 2 h0 –h

2 sinh  sinh 
2
 sin x  8  2h 2 – 8h – 2  h – 6
lim = k  lim   =k  xlim  1 = lim
h0 2h 2 h0 h    0 x  h0 –h
(1) = k
2
 k=1 2h2 – 7h h(2h – 7 )
= lim = lim = – (0 – 7) = 7
4(1 – 1 – x ) h0 –h h0 –h
13. L.H.L. = lim– f(x) = lim–
x 0 x 0 x f ( 2 – h) – f ( 2)
Put x = 0 – h, when x  0 then h  0 Rf(2) = lim
h0 h
4[1 – 1 – (0 – h) ] 4[1 – 1  h ] [5(2  h) – 4] – [5(2) – 4]
L.H.L. = lim = lim = lim
h0 0–h h 0 – –h h 0 h

4[1 – 1  h ] 1  1  h [10  5h – 4] – [6] 6  5h – 6 5h

= lim  = lim = lim = lim
h0 –h 1 1 h
h 0 h h  0 h h 0 h
= lim 5 = 5
4[1 – (1  h)] 4[–h] h0
= lim = lim  Lf(2)  Rf(2)
h0 – h[1  1  h ] h0 h[1  1  h ]
Hence f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2
4 4 4 15. Here Df = R, Let a  R be arbitrary. There are five
= lim = = =2
h0 1 1 h 1 1 2 cases :
Case-I : If a < –3, then we can find a nbd of ‘a’ all
 sin x  points of which are less than – 3
R.H.L. = lim f(x) = lim   cos x 
x 0 x 0  x 
 lim f(x) = xlim
a
(|x| + 3) = |a| + 3 = f(a)
Put x = 0, when x  0 then h  0 x a
 f is continuous at a < – 3
 sin(0  h)  Case-II : When a = –3, then every nbd of ‘a’ con-
R.H.L. = hlim  cos(0  h)
0 
 0h  tains points which are less than –3 and also points
which are greater than –3
 sinh 
= hlim  cosh = lim sinh + lim cosh  lim f(x) = lim (|x| + 3)
0  h  h0 h h0 x 3 – x 3 –
= 1 + cos0 = 1 + 1 = 2 = lim (– x + 3) [ |x| = – x for x < – 3]
and f(x) = 2  f(0) = 2 x 3 –
 L.H.L = R.H.L. = f(2) = – (– 3) + 3 = 6
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 0 lim f(x) = lim (–2x)
x 3  x 3 
14. Test of continuity at x = 2 [ f(x) = – 2x for – 3 < x < 3]
L.H.L. = lim f(x) = lim (2x2 – x) = – 2 (– 3) = 6
x 2 – x 2 – and f(–3) = |– 3| + 3 = 3 + 3 = 6
Put x = 2 – h, when x  2, then h  0 lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(–3)
 x 3 –
 L.H.L. = lim 2(2 – h)2 – (2 – h) x 3 
h0 Hence f is continuous at x = –3
= 2(2)2 – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6 Case-III : If – 3 < a < 3, then we can find a nbd of ‘a’
R.H.L. = lim f(x) = lim (5x – 4) all points of which lie between – 3 and 3
x 2  x 2 
 lim f(x) = lim (–2x) = – 2a = – 2a = f(a)
put x = 2 + h, when x  2 then h  0 x a x a

 R.H.L. = lim 5(2 + h) – 4 Hence f is continuous at x = a, a  (– 3, 3)

h0 Case-IV : If a = 3, then every nbd of a contains points
= 5(2) – 4 = 10 – 4 = 6 which are less than 3 and also points which are
L.H.L. = R.H.L.= f(2) greater than 3
Also f(x) = 2x2 – x
 f(2) = 2(2)2 – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6
RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 174
  lim f(x) = lim (–2x) 1  1 
x 3 – x 3 – Since f   0   f  – 0 
[ f(x = – 2x for – 3 < x < 3)] = – 2(3) = – 6  2   2 
lim f(x) = lim (6x + 2) 1
x 3  x 3 
 f is not cont. at x =
2
[ f(x) = 6x + 2, for x  3 = 6 (3) + 2 = 18 + 2 = 20]
 
 lim f(x)  lim f(x)
x 3 –
x 3 – a sin 2 ( x  1) , x  0
19. f(x) =  tan x – sin x
Hence, f is discontinuous at x = 3  , x0
Case-V : If a > 3, then we can find a nbd of ‘a’ all  x3
points of which are greater than 3  
LHL = lim–  a sin ( x  1)
 lim f(x)  lim (6x + 2) = 6a + 2 = f(x) x 0  2
x a x a
 f is continuous at x = a > 3 Applying limit
Hence the only point of discontinuity of f(x) is x = 3 
= asin = a × 1 = a
2
16. Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0  sin x(1 – cos x )
 tan x – sin x  lim
lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(0) RHL = lim   =
x 0   x3  x 0

cos x · x 3
x 0 – x 0 

lim k(x2 + 2) = lim (3x + 1) = 2k 2

x 0 – x 0  x  x
2 sin2  sin 
 k(0 + 2) = 0 + 1 = 2k = lim sin x · lim 2 = lim sin x · 1 lim  2 
 x 2 x 0  x 

1 x 0  x x 0  x2 x 0

 2k = 1 = 2k  k =  2 
2 1
Now f(x) is given by Applying limit =
2
LHL = RHL (its given)
1 2
 ( x  2) , if x  0 1
f(x) =  2 a=
 3x  1 , if x  0 2
20. Since f is continuous at x = 1, therefore,
 lim f(x) = lim (3x + 1) = (3 + 1) = 4
x 1 –
x 1 lim f(x) = f(1) = lim f(x)
x 1– x 1
lim f(x) = lim (3x + 1) = (3 + 1) = 4
x 1 x 1 lim (5ax – 2b) = 11
1 = lim (3ax + b)
x 1– x 1
 lim– f(x) = lim f(x) 5a – 2b = 11 = 3a + b
x 1 x 1
3a + b = 11 ...(i)
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 1 5a – 2b = 11 ...(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 2 and adding it to (ii)
17. f(x) is continuous at x = 3 we get
 lim– f(x) = lim f(x) = f(3) 2(3a + b) + 5a – 2b = 2 × 11 + 11
x 3 x 3
11a = 33
 lim– ax + 1 = lim bx + 3 a=3
x 3 x 3
Substituting a = 3 in (ii), we get
3a + 1 = 3b + 3 3 × 3 + b = 11  b = 11 – 9 = 2
3a = 3b + 2 Thus, a = 3 and b = 2 will make continuous at 1.
3b  2 2 22. f(x) = |x – 3|
a= =b+ We have f(3) = |3 –– 3| = 0
3 3
lim f ( x )  lim f (3  h)  lim 3  h – 3  lim | h | 0
 1 x3 h 0 h 0 h 0
18. Here f  = 1 lim  f ( x )  lim f ( 3 – h )  lim 3 – h – 3  lim | – h |  0
2 x3 h 0 h 0 h 0

1  lim f ( x )  lim– f ( x )  f (3)  0

Also left hand limit at x = x 3 x 3
2 so, f (x) is continuous at x = 3
1  1  1  1 1 f (3  h) – f (3) | 3  h – 3 | 0
   – h  =  = 1 But , Rf(3) = lim  lim
= f  – 0  = hlim h0 h h0 h
2   0 2  2  2 2
|h| h
1 = lim  lim  1
Next right hand limit at x = h 0 h h  0 h
2
Rf(3) Lf(3)
1  3  1   f(x) is not differentiable at x = 3
= f   0  = hlim     h  = 3  1 = 2
2  0  2  2  2 2

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 175

 PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Single choice type
1
 a1x  a 2 x x
1. The value of im x x
 equals, where a , a , b and b are positive numbers,

 1  b2
x 0 b 1 2 1 2


a1  a 2 a1 b1
(A) (B)
b1  b 2 a2 b2

1 a1a 2
(C) a1  a 2  (D)
b1  b 2 b1b 2

 p q 
2. The value of xim    ; p, q  N equals
1  1  x p 1 xq 

pq pq pq p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 q

1
 t 1 t 1  t
3. im  b  a  equals to
Suppose that ‘a’ and ‘b’ are real positive numbers, then the value of t 0  
 ba 
1
a log e b  b log e a b log e b  a log e a  bb  b a
(A) (B) (C) b logeb – a logea (D)  a 

ba ba a 

 ( 1)[ x 2 ] if x0
 im f(x) equals (where [ . ] represents greatest integer function)
4. Let f(x) =  1 . Then x
im
n if x0 0
  1 xn
(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) does not exist

nx
e  n x  e n x  2 cos  k x2
5. If im 2 exists and finite , then possible values of
x0
(sin x  tan x)
' n ' and ' k ' is :
(A) k = 3 , n = 2 (B) k = 3 , n =  2 (C) k = 5 , n = 2 (D) k =  5 , n = 2

cos 1(3 x  4 x 3 )
6. The value of im1 equals
x 1
2 x
2

(A) 2 (B) 2 3 (C) –2 3 (D) does not exist

2 2 2 2
7. im 1 n  2 ( n  1)  3 ( n  2)  .....  n . 1 is equal to:
n  3 3 3 3
1  2  3  ......  n

1 2 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2 6

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 176

 n1999 1
8. im
If n = , then the value of x equals
 n x  (n  1) x 2000
(A) 1999 (B) 2000 (C) 2001 (D) 2002

im cos 1(2x 1  x 2 )

9. The value of x
1
1 equals
2 x
2

(A) 2 2 (B) – 2 2 (C) 0 (D) does not exist

a 2 – ax  x 2 – a 2  ax  x 2
10. The value of f(0) , so that the function f(x) = (a > 0) becomes continuous
ax – a–x
for all x, is given by -
(A) a a (B) a (C) – a (D) – a a

 sin{cos x} 
 x   / 2 , x  2
11. If f(x) =  , where {.} represents the fractional part function, then
 
1 , x
 2

 
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = (B) lim f(x) exists , but f is not continuous at x =
2 x
2
2

(C) lim f(x) does not exist. (D) lim f(x) = 1

x x
2 2

 e[ x ]|x| – 2
 , x  0 , (where [.] denotes G.I.F.) then
12. If f(x) =  [x] | x |
 –1 , x0


(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (B) x lim

0 
f(x) = –1

(C) xlim
0–
f(x) = 1 (D) None of these

13. Let f(x) = [cos x + sinx] , 0 < x < 2, where [.] denotes G..F. The number of points of discontinuity of f(x) is-
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3

 2 1 
x , x0
14. The function f(x) =   x 2  , is (where [.] denotes G...F.)
 0 , x0

(A) Continuous at x = 1 (B) Continuous at x = – 1
(C) Discontinuous at x = 0 (D) Continuous at x = 2

15. Let f(x) = sinx , g(x) = [x + 1] and g(f(x)) = h(x) ,


where [.] is G..F. then h   is -
2
(A) does not exist (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) None of these

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 177

 {e x }n  1
16. If f(x) = lim , where {.} represents fractional part function, then -
n  {e x }n  1
(A) f(x) is a discontinuous function
(B) f(x) is an even function
(C) f(x) is continuous but non-differentiable function
(D) f(x) is not defined for all real numbers.

17. If f(x) = [x2] + {x} 2 , where [.] and {.} denote the greatest integer and fractional part functions respectively,,
then-
(A) f(x) is continuous at all integral points except 0
(B) f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0
(C) f(x) is discontinuous for all x  – {1}
(D) f(x) is not differentiable for all x   .

18. If f(x) is a continuous function for all real values of x satisfying x2 + (f(x) – 2)x + 2 3 – 3 – 3 f(x) = 0, then
the value of f ( 3) is -
(A) 3 (B) 1 – 3 (C) 2(1 – 3) (D) 2( 3 – 1)

1  4 cos 2 x 

19. lim
The value of x  ( x  )  2  cos x  2
 is
 
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D) does not exist

20. The function f(x) = (x 2 – 1) | x2 – 3x + 2 | + cos (| x |) is not differentiable at

(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2.

More than one choice type

21. If f : R  R be a differentiable function and f(0) = 0 and f(0) = 1, then

im 1 f ( x )  f  x   f  x   ...  f  x  , where n  N, equals

x 0
x  2 3  n 

1 1 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 + + + .... +
2 3 n
n n n
C2 C3 Cn
(C) nC1 – + – ......... +(–1)n–1 (D) does not exist
2 3 n

22. Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If f(x) = [x sin x], then f(x) is :
(A) continuous at x = 0 (B) continuous in (–1, 0)
(C) differentiable at x = 1 (D) differentiable in (–1, 1)

PART - II : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. im 1 – cos(a1x). cos(a2 x).cos(a3 x).......cos(an x) , where a , a , a , ...... , a R.
Evaluate : x 0 1 2 3 n
x2

2. Find the values of a & b so that: im  x 2  x  1  a x  b = 0.

x    

3. Let f : R  R be a real function. The function f is derivable if there exists nN and p R such that
im xn f(x) = p and there exists im (xn+1.f(x)), then evaluate im (xn+1.f(x)).
x  x  x 

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 178

 x 2
4. im e – x – 1  x (It is known that the limit
Without using L-hospital rule or series-expansion, evaluate x  0
x3
exists.)

n
im  n2  (n  1)  n  1   n  1  .......  n  1 
5. n  n     2  n  1  
  2  2   2 
n
x 
6. Let <xn> denotes a sequence, x 1 = 1, x n1 = x n2 im  n 1 
 1 , then evaluate n   x 
 n 

 1 2 3 n 
7. im 
Evaluate n   2  .......  2 
  n2  1 n 2  2 n 3 n n

loge x
8. Evaluate im
x 1    
sin cos x  1   
  2 

im x 3  x 2 
Evaluate : x

1  x4  x 2 
9.  
 

10. Evaluate im etanx


x
2

loge log e x 
11. im
Evaluate x  x
e

12. Evaluate im log e sin 4m  1x  , where m,n  Z

log e sin4n  1x 

x
2

x
log e x  1  tan
13. Evaluate im 2 without using L.H rule or series-expansion.
x 1
cot x 

n1 nx 
e x
14. Evaluate im
x  ( e 1 ) 
x  e 1

f x 
15. Given im = 2, then evaluate the following, where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function.
x0 x2

 f x  
im f x 
(i) x im 
(ii) x  
0 0  x 

(1  sin x )n  log x
16. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) = lim
n 
2  (1  sin x )n

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 179

  1 – a x  xa x . na
 , x0
17. If g(x) =  x 2a x
x
 (2a) – x n 2a  1 , x  0
 x2

(where a > 0) , then find ‘a’ and g(0) so that g(x) is continuous at x = 0.

18. If f(x) = x2 – 2|x|, then test the derivability of g(x) in the interval [–2, 3], where

min .{ f ( t ); – 2  t  x } , – 2  x  0
g(x) = 
max . {f ( t ); 0  t  x } , 0  x  3

19. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of f(x) = [x] + {x}2 and also draw its graph. Where [.] and {.}
denote the greatest integer function and fractional part function respectively.

 x
1 | x | ; | x |  1

20. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of the function f(x) = 
 x ;|x| 1
1 | x |

  cos 2n (m! x )  1 

lim  lim
21. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of the function f(x) = n m 
  cos 2n (m! x )  1 

 xy 
22. If f : R  (–, ) be a derivable function such that f(x) + f(y) = f   , xy < 1.
 1  xy 

 f(x)
If f(1) = and lim = 2 , find f(x).
2 x 0
x

23. Find the value of f(0) so that the function

cos1(1  {x} 2 )sin1(1  {x})

f(x) = ,x0
{x}  {x} 3
({x} denotes fractional part of x) becomes continuous at x = 0

24.
 1 
Let f be a continuous function on R such that f   2
 = sin e x e  x 
 4x 
x2
x2  1
, then find the value of f(0).

  2 [x]  
25. Given f(x) = cos1  sgn    , where sgn ( ) denotes the signum function and [ . ] denotes the
  3x  [x]  
greatest integer function. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of f (x) at x = ± 1.

26. Let f be a function such that f(xy) = f(x) . f(y)  x > 0 , y > 0 . If f(1 + x) = 1 + x (1+g(x)) ,

f(x)
where xlim
0
g(x) = 0 . Find  f '(x) dx

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 180

  
(sin x  cos x )cosecx  x0
 , 2


 a x0
27. If the function f(x) defined as f(x) =  ,

 1 2 3
 ex  ex  ex 
 1 3
, 0x
2
 ae 2  x  be 1 x

is continuous at x = 0 , then find a & b.

28. Let f : R+  R satisfies the equation f(xy) = exy – x – y (ey f(x) + ex f(y))  x , y  R+ .
If f ’ (1) = e , then find f(x) .

29. Let f(x) be a real valued function not identically zero such that f(x + y3) = f(x) + [f(y)]3  x, y  R
and f ’(0)  0, then find f(10)

1   n   n 1  n2  
1 k   3  k   5  k   ......  (2n  1) . 1
30. im 4
Show that n  n           =
1
12
  k 1   k 1   k 1  

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 181

 PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (D) 7. (A)

8. (B) 9. (D) 10. (C) 11. (C) 12. (D) 13. (B) 14. (B)

15. (A) 16. (B) 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. (A) 20. (D) 21. (BC)

22. (ABD)

PART - II : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1.
1
2 i 1

ai2
2. a = 1,b =
1
, 3. – np 4.
1
6
5. e2
2

1 1
6. e 7. 8. –1 9. 10. 0
2 4 2

4m  12
11. 0 12. 13. –2 14. 0
4n  12

15. (i) 0 (ii) does not exist 16. f(x) is discontinuous at integral multiples of 

1 1
17. , (n 2)2 18. discontinuous at x = 0 and not differentiable at x = 0, 2
2 8

19. f(x) is continuous and non-differentiable 20. At x = 0 differentiable and at x = ±1 discontinuous

21. discontinuous and non-differentiable 22. 2tan-1x

23. no value of f(0) 24. 1

25. f is continuous & derivable at x =  1 but f is neither continuous nor derivable at x = 1

x2
26. c 27. a = e, b = 1 28. f(x) = exn|x| 29. f(10) = 10
2

RESONANCE LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY # 182