Experiment No:-1 (A)

Aim:- To verify principle of Superposition Theorem theoretically, practically and using

simulation.
Apparatus:-
1. Resistors
2. Bread Board
3. Multimeter
4. Regulated Supply
5. Connecting Wire
Circuit Diagram :-

Statement :-
In an linear, bilateral network the response in any element is equal to sum of
individual responses While all other sources are non-operative.
Procedure:-
PART-A :- Practical Method
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure __ and note down the current flowing
through ___ and let it be I1.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___ and note down the current flowing
through ___ and let it be I1.
3. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___ and note down the current flowing
through ___ and let it be I2.
4. Verify for I=I1+I2
5. Compare the practical and theoretical currents.
PART-B :- Using MATLAB
 1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram by using MATLAB Simulink.
2. Measure the current in each circuit using current measurement.
3. Verify with the theoretical results obtained with practical results.

Observation :-

Calculation :-
Result :-
Superposition theorem is verified practically, theoretically and with the help of
simulation.

Experiment No:-1 (B)

Aim:- To verify principle of Reciprocity Theorem theoretically, practically and using

simulation.
Apparatus:-
1. Resistors
2. Bread Board
3. Multimeter
4. Regulated Supply
5. Connecting Wire
Circuit Diagram :-
Statement :-
In any linear, bilateral, single source network the ratio of excitation to response is
constant even when their positions are interchanged.
Procedure:-
PART-A :- Practical Method
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___.
2. Measure the current ___ in the branch.
3. Inter - change voltage source as shown in figure ___ and note down the
current ___.
4. Observe that the currents ___ and ___ should be same.
PART-B :- Using MATLAB
1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram by using MATLAB
Simulink.
 2. Measure the current in each circuit using current measurement.
3. Verify with the theoretical results obtained with practical results.
Observation :-

Calculation :-
Result :-
Reciprocity theorem is verified practically, theoretically and with the help of
simulation.

Experiment No:-1 (C)

Aim:- To verify principle of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem theoretically, practically and
using simulation.
Apparatus:-
1. Resistors
2. Bread Board
3. Multimeter
4. Regulated Supply
5. Connecting Wire
Circuit Diagram :-
Statement :-
The maximum power transfer theorem states that maximum power is delivered
from a source to an load resistance when the load resistance is equal to source resistance.
(RL = Rs is the condition required for maximum power transfer).
Procedure:-
PART-A :- Practical Method
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___.

2. Vary the load resistance in steps and note down voltage across the load and current
flowing through the circuit.

3. Calculate power delivered to the load by using formula P=V*I.

4. Draw the graph between resistance and power (resistance on X- axis and power onY-
axis).

5. Verify the maximum power is delivered to the load when RL = Rs for DC.

PART-B :- Using MATLAB

 1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram by using MATLAB
Simulink.
2. Measure the voltage and current through the load resistor using voltage
measurement and current measurement

3. Calculate the power .

4. Find the resistance at which maximum power delivered

Observation :-

Calculation :-
Result :-
Maximum Power Transfer theorem is verified practically, theoretically and with the
help of simulation.

Experiment No:-1 (D)

Aim:- To verify principle of Thevenin Theorem theoretically, practically and using

simulation.
Apparatus:-
1. Resistors
2. Bread Board
3. Multimeter
4. Regulated Supply
5. Connecting Wire
Circuit Diagram :-
 Statement :-
Any linear, bilateral network having a number of voltage, current sources and
resistances can be replaced by a simple equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage
source in series with a resistance, where the value of the voltage source is equal to the open
circuit voltage and the resistance is the equivalent resistance measured between the open
circuit terminals with all energy sources replaced by their ideal internal resistances
Procedure:-
PART-A :- Practical Method
1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in figure ___
2. Measure current in RL.
3. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___.
4. Measure open circuit voltage Voc by open circuiting terminals i.e, VTH
5. Draw the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit as shown in figure___.
6. Measurement current in RL.

PART-B :- Using MATLAB

 1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit-8.4 diagram by using MATLAB
Simulink.
2. Measure the open circuit voltage across the load terminals using voltage
measurement.
3. Connect circuit fig 8.5 Thevenin’s equivalent circuit in MATLAB and
find the load current.
Observation :-

Calculation :-
Result :-
Thevenin theorem is verified practically, theoretically and with the help of
simulation.

Experiment No:-1 (E)

Aim:- To verify principle of Compensation Theorem theoretically, practically and using

simulation.
Apparatus:-
1. Resistors
2. Bread Board
3. Multimeter
4. Regulated Supply
 5. Connecting Wire
Circuit Diagram :-

Statement :-
Compensation theorem states that any element in electrical network can be replaced by
its equivalent voltage source, whose value is equal to product of current flowing through it
and its value. (Compensation theorem got the importance of determining the change in
current flowing through element or circuit because of change in the resistance value)
Procedure:-
PART-A :- Practical Method
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___.
2. Measure the current I.
 3. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___ by increasing the circuit
resistance(∆R), Measure the current I1.
4. The change in current in the circuit can be found by connecting a voltage source
equal to I1∆R as shown in figure ___.
5. Measure the current I" i.e., the change in current.
6. Observe that I"= I- I1.

PART-B :- Using MATLAB

1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagrams by using MATLAB Simulink.
2. find the current flowing through original circuit.
3. find current flowing through the change in resistance.
4. find the changed current
Observation :-

Calculation :-
Result :-
Compensation theorem is verified practically, theoretically and with the help of
simulation.

Experiment No:-1 (F)

Aim:- To verify Milliman’s Theorem theoretically, practically and using simulation.

Apparatus:-
1. Resistors
2. Bread Board
3. Multimeter
4. Regulated Supply
5. Connecting Wire
Circuit Diagram :-

Statement :-

This theorem states that in any network, if the voltage sources V1,V2,…….Vn in series with their internal
resistan ce s R 1 ,R 2 … . R n resp ectiv ely are in p arallel, th e n th ese so u rc es m a y b e rep laced b y a sin g le v o ltag e
source V' in series-with R1.

V ' = V 1 G 1 + V 2 G 2 + -----V n G n / G 1 + G 2 ---------G n

R1 = 1 / G1+G2--------------Gn

Procedure:-
PART-A :- Practical Method
 1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___.
2. Measure the current through the resistor R3.
3. Connect the circuit as shown in figure___ and measure the current through
R3.
4. Observe that the two currents are same.

PART-B :- Using MATLAB

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___ using MAT LAB Simulink.
2. Measure the current through the resistor R3.
3. Connect the circuit as shown in figure ___ and measure the current through R3.
4. Observe that the two currents are same
Observation :-

Calculation :-
Result :-
Milliman’s Theorem is verified practically, theoretically and with the help of
simulation.