Chapter 1

(Revisiting topics related to ICT

Application)

Instructor:
Donah Rae Verula (Donah)
 Internet of Things (IoT)
Internet of Things is all about the devices that is connected to
internet which aids human activity
• Mobile Devices
• Computers
• Transportation
• Home Automation
• Health Checker

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 Examples of IoT
Smart Self Driving Car “Waymo”
• Google Self-Driving Car Project in 2009
• Uses its own GPS and sensors to avoid traffic
and accidents.
• Used in Arizona like uber car which
passengers can easily book their ride using
their smart phones.

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 Examples of IoT
Smart Home Automation System
• Different devices under different roles working under a system
• “Smart” refers to how it works with internet connectivity
Examples
• Smart Speaker and Display “Amazon Echo Family”
Bluetooth speaker powered by Alexa, Amazon's handy voice assistant
• SmartPlug“ConnectSenseSmartOutlet2“
You can control and monitor the power usage in your home with an Android or
iOS mobile app and works with Alexa, Google Assistant, and Siri voice commands
• Home Security Cameras “Arlo Ultra”
Easy wireless installation, receive instant alerts on your phone when motion is
detected and take quick action and works with Alexa, Google Assistant, and Siri
voice commands

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 Examples of IoT
Smart Home Automation System
Examples
• Smart Locks and Home Security Systems “August Wi-Fi Smart Lock”
you can unlock your door and disarm your SimpliSafe system right from the
mobile app, and then easily lock and re-arm the system.
• Smart Heating and Cooling “ Ecobee Smart Thermostat With Voice
Control”
Occupancy detection manages temperature automatically, helps balance your
home’s temperature and controls straight from the app or your smart home
assistant.
• Smart Lighting “ Yeelight Smart LED Bulb “
It's dimmable, offers 16 million colors, and connects to a home network
wirelessly.
• Smart Kitchen Appliances “Brava Oven”
Brava coordinates all six lamps together for unparalleled power, precision, and
control.

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 Examples of IoT
Smart Health and Fitness Device “TechCare”
• smart massager that sends low-voltage pulses to the
skin to stimulate nerve fibers that block the pain signal
to your brain
• operated by a touchscreen controller and four large
electrodes and offers several different massage modes

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 Internet of Things (IoT)
• Devices connected to a network called
“Internet” in order to transfer to the
source of information in real time based
from the information being provided by
the user.
• The illustration above is the process how
the Internet of Things work. There are 4
major components of this technology:
Sensors, Gateway, Cloud/Server, and
Mobile Application that is according to
data-flair.training.

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 4 Major Components of Smart Devices
Connectivity to the Internet
1. Sensors
2. Connectivity/Gateway
3. Data Processing through cloud/server
4. User Interface/Mobile Application

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 4 Major Components of Smart Devices
Connectivity to the Internet
1. Sensors
• gather minute data from the surrounding environment.
• also known as ‘detectors’ as the primary function of sensors
is to detect even the slightest changes in the surrounding
environment.
• allows an IoT device to capture relevant data for real-time
or post-processing.

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 4 Major Components of Smart Devices
Connectivity to the Internet
Examples of Sensors
• Temperature Sensor “DHT 11 Temperature humidity
Sensor”
➢ senses and measures the temperature and converts it into
an electrical signal.
➢ Plays a major role in the field of Environment, Agriculture
and Industries.
➢ Also serve as a humidity sensor
➢ basic, low-cost, digital and capacitive sensor. No analogue
pins required.

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 4 Major Components of Smart Devices
Connectivity to the Internet
Examples of Sensors
• Proximity Sensor “ Si114x and Si1102”
➢ able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any
physical contact.
➢ emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic
radiation that looks for changes in the field or return signal.
➢ Commonly used in cars to detect objects or obstacles
usually when reversing.

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 4 Major Components of Smart Devices
Connectivity to the Internet
Examples of Sensors
• Smoke Sensors
➢ detects smoke and its level of attainment.
➢ Commonly coupled with a voice alarm through ALEXA to
enable smartphone notification

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 4 Major Components of Smart Devices
Connectivity to the Internet
• Sensors are used in conjunction with microcontrollers if you plan to do
your own IOT project.
• Microcontrollers works like a Processor thus, it is smaller (some are palm
size) with RAM, ROM, Input and Output ports, Counters and Timer. This
small device can be programmed instructing the sensors what to do.
• Examples of microcontrollers are Arduino uno R3 and Raspberry Pi

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 4 Major Components of Smart Devices
Connectivity to the Internet
2. Connectivity
• The sensors can be connected to the cloud through various mediums of
communication and transports such as cellular networks, satellite
networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Wide Area Network (WAN)
• After the sensors collected all available data it will be send to the cloud
through the internet.
• For example, a self-driving car connected to the internet can collect data
via sensors to enable driving without a person on the steering wheel.
NOTE:
Processed data or Raw data is called INFORMATION

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 4 Major Components of Smart Devices
Connectivity to the Internet
3. Data Processing through cloud/server
• After the sensor collected the data, it will be sent to the cloud server
where software will process the data.
• This is essentially the decision-making component that relies on data
received to generate ideal actions.

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 4 Major Components of Smart Devices
Connectivity to the Internet
4. User Interface/Mobile Application
• Used to show the user about the things that are going on.
• It notifies the user of an alternative route with lesser traffic via a mobile
phone or a monitor attached to the car.

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 Assistive Technology
• The technology being used to aid the people with special needs
• It helps in different aspect such as mobility, auditory, speech, or a
mixture of these in just one device.

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 Examples of Assistive Technology
PCEye
• Used to control a Windows computer with your eyes.
• gives individuals with physical disabilities a flexible way to
operate a computer with their eyes, surf the web and create
documents, play games, make video calls and post on social.

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 Examples of Assistive Technology
Touch Voice
• produces AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication)
medical grade speaking apps which communicate thru speech
synthesis by touching or clicking on buttons.
• It can run on Android tablets, larger phones, iPads, iPhones and most
laptops and desktops (PC and Mac).
• Available in English and the Spanish Language.

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 Examples of Assistive Technology
Electrical stimulation
• The electrical stimulation of the spinal cord is used to rejuvenate
dormant circuits in patients whose spinal breaks are not complete.
• Nine years ago, David Mzee was left paralyzed by a gymnastics
accident and told he would never walk again. He competed in a
charity run during which he walked 390 meters, thanks to the
electrical stimulation

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 Examples of Assistive Technology
Helmet for the Blind
• Designed by the Chinese organization CloudMinds
• Meta looks like a cycling helmet and uses sensors and cameras to map its
surroundings.
• Sends information to a cloud server to be processed by AI technology.
• Can be communicated through speech to navigate streets, recognize objects
and negotiate traffic lights and crossings.

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 Examples of Assistive Technology
Next-generation hearing aid
• A cochlear implant might be nothing new, but researchers at
Columbia University, New York, are working on a “cognitive hearing
aid”, which monitors the brain activity of users to identify which voice
the listener is focusing on.
• It then magnifies that audio while dispelling surrounding noise,
allowing for better hearing

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 Examples of Assistive Technology
Bionic exoskeleton
• Designed to help those with paralysis to stand and walk, a similar
wearable robotic frame was approved in 2012 by the US Food and
Drug Administration for physical rehabilitation, to be used with
crutches or walkers.
• Future exoskeletons may replace wheelchairs, providing greater
mobility and health benefits.

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 Computer System
• Is a collection of entities (Hardware, Software,
Peopleware/Liveware) that are designed to receive, process,
manage and present information in a meaningful format this
definition is according to peda.net (The Computer System, n.d.).
• These three entities are also known as the components of
computer system because without these, the entire computer
system will not function as it is.
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Peopleware

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 Computer Hardware
• In addition to the description of peda.net (The Computer System,
n.d.), the computer hardware is the tangible part of the
computer. mahawidan

• It refers to the physical components that make up a computer

system (Fisher, Everything You Need to Know About Computer
Hardware, 2020).

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 The Four Categories of Computer Hardware
• Input Devices
• Processing Devices
• Output Devices
• Storage Devices

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 Input Devices
• For raw data input. Components which are used to
input raw data are categorized under input devices.
• They aid in feeding data such as text, images, and
audiovisual recordings.
• They even aid in file transfers between computers.
The keyboard is probably the most commonly used
input device. Here are just some other types of input
devices.

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 Processing Devices
• To process raw data instructions into
information. Processing is the core function of a
computer. It is the stage where raw data is
transformed into information. Once data has
been processed, it can be used for useful
purposes.
• Components that manipulate data into
information are categorized under processing.
• The microprocessor is the major device in this
category. It works closely with primary memory
during its operations. Data is stored temporarily
in processor cache and primary memory during
the processing period.

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 Processing Devices
The microprocessor is subdivided into three important units,
which work together in order to accomplish its function. The
units are:
➢ The control unit: It manages and supervises the
operations of the processor and other components that are
crucial in data manipulation.
➢ Arithmetic and logic unit: The ALU is responsible for all
arithmetic and logic operations like addition, multiplication,
subtraction, division, and comparison logic operations.
➢ Register and cache: These are storage locations inside the
processor that respond to the instructions of the control unit
by moving relevant data around during processing.

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 Output Devices
• To disseminate data and information. Hardware
components that disseminate and display both
data and information are classified under the
output category.
• Output is the culmination of a cycle which
starts with the input of raw data and
processing.
• These components are sub-categorized under
softcopy and hardcopy output.
• Softcopy output includes the intangible
experience. The user derives visual satisfaction
by reading a message through display
components or listens to audio files through
speakers.

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 Storage Devices
• For data and information retention. Components
that retain/store data are classified under
memory/storage devices.
• Storage is sub-divided under primary and
secondary memory and is either volatile or non-
volatile.
• Primary memory usually refers to random-access
memory (RAM) but can also refer to all memory that
works in tandem with the processor. RAM is volatile,
meaning that it retains data only when the computer is
powered up.
• Secondary memory also known as “Storage” refers to
a location where information that are saved non-
volatile. This means you can access it even if the
computer has underwent loss of power. A file in a
computer is an example of non-volatile information.

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 List of Computer Hardware
• This board is found inside the system
unit. It is the main printed circuit board
in a computer which numerous major
components, crucial for the functioning
of the computer, are attached to the
motherboard (Kamau, 2020).
• The same reference also said that
motherboard is also called as system
board, mainboard, or the printed wired
board.
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 Parts of Motherboard
BIOS And CMOS
• BIOS or Basic Input Output System is where
all the information and settings for the
motherboard are stored. It can be accessed,
updated, and modified via the BIOS mode.
• The CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide
Semi-Conductor) battery is what’s
responsible for keeping all the information
intact when the entire system is shut down.
The CMOS battery can be removed to reset
the BIOS after a failed update or if you
overclock your RAM beyond its capabilities.

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 I/O ports along with the colors they represent.
Parts of •Microphone- Pink 3.5mm jack port
•Speakers and Headphones / Headsets /
Motherboard Earbuds- Bold green 3.5mm jack port
•Monitor- Older motherboards are
equipped with a solid blue VGA port at
Input/Output Ports the back,
• Also commonly referred to as I/O ports but newer motherboards use the HDMI
for short. These ports are located at the and black or white DVI port as standard
back of the computer and are often •Ethernet network cable- Colorless port
color-coded. •Keyboard and Mouse- PS/2 port
(Keyboard- purple; Mouse- green)
•USB devices- USB 2.0 colorless port;
USB 3.0/3.1 solid blue port (Yes, VGA
ports
are a similar color, but this only goes to
show how outdated VGA is)
•Some modern motherboards feature
USB C type connections

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 Parts of Motherboard
IDE and Sata Connector
• Storage Device Connectors - The internal storage device connectors that
connect the storage devices, such as mechanical hard drives and solid-state
drives.
• These storage devices need to be connected to the motherboard for data to
be submitted and retrieved. HDDs and SSDs do the same thing (store data),
there is a big difference between how HDDs and SSDs accomplish this –
SSDs are significantly much faster than HDDs.
• Between the two, IDE is no longer used in modern computer systems and
SATA is slowly being replaced by on-board storage options (M.2 and PCIE)

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 Parts of Motherboard
Power Connectors
• The ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) connector (found in more recent
motherboards) has 20 or 24-pin female connectors.
• This is the largest connector on the motherboard, as this draws out the
needed power directly from the power supply.
• The SMPS (switched-mode power supply) then utilizes this power to keep the
motherboard running.

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 Parts of Motherboard
Front I/O Connectors
• This is where you connect the Power Switch, LED power indicator, Reset
Switch, and the HDD LED cables.
• The front audio port and front USB are also connected here.
• These connections are usually located at the bottom part of the
motherboard.

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 Parts of Motherboard
CPU Socket
• The CPU socket is where your CPU (processor) is installed.
• This is where the processing and transfer of data happens. Your CPU is one of
the most important parts of your computer, so you often choose your
motherboard based on compatibility with the CPU you intend to use.
• The CPU needs to be 100% compatible with the motherboard socket for it to
work.

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 Parts of Motherboard
Expansion Card Slots
• The expansion card slots are where you add extra components such as a
video card, network card, audio card, or PCIe SSD. The slots are located
in the bottom half of the motherboard below the CPU socket.

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 Parts of Motherboard
Expansion Card Slots
Network Card Slot
• The network card slot is where you put the Network Interface Card
(NIC).
• This allows you to connect to other computer networks via LAN or the
internet. It has an RJ-45 port at the back.

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 Parts of Motherboard
Expansion Card Slots
Modem Card Slot
• This is where you connect your network card so you can connect to the
internet through the telephone line.
• Older technology of NIC.
• This typically has 2 RJ-11 connectors to connect to the telephone.

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 Parts of Motherboard
RAM (Memory) Slots
• RAM, or Random Access Memory, slots are one of the most important
parts on a motherboard. The RAM slots are, unsurprisingly, where you
place the RAM modules.
• There is the SIMM slot (Single in-line memory module) that only
supports a 32-bit bus, and there is the DIMM slot (Dual inline memory
module) that can simultaneously run with a 64-bit bus.

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 List of Computer Hardware
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• The central processing unit also completed all processing for any
attached peripheral devices these peripherals includes printers, card
readers, and early storage devices such as drum and disk drives (Both,
2020).
• This acts as the brain of the computer (hardware and software) because
it feeds instructions. It is placed inside the motherboard and it installed
in the CPU socket.

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 List of Computer Hardware
Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Random Access Memory, or RAM (pronounced as ramm), is the physical hardware
inside a computer that temporarily stores data, serving as the computer's "working"
memory (Fisher, What Is RAM (Random Access Memory)?, 2020).
• According to Martindale (2020),in a nutshell, it’s a high-speed component that
temporarily stores all the information a device needs both right now and
imminently.
• In addition to what he said accessing data in RAM is insanely fast, unlike hard drives
that are slower but provide long-term storage.

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 List of Computer Hardware
Video Card
• The video card is an expansion card that allows the computer to send
graphical information to a video display device such as a monitor, TV, or
projector. Some other names for a video card include graphics card,
graphics adapter, display adapter, video adapter, video controller, and
add-in boards (AIBs) (Fisher, What Is a Video Card?, 2019).

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 List of Computer Hardware
Sound Card
• A sound card is a component that translates digital signals to an analog
one, in short, a sound card is an optional component that converts the
digital signal your computer outputs for sound, and translates it into an
analog signal for your headphones or speakers (Thomas, 2019).

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 List of Computer Hardware
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• An article from secures.com (What Is A Hard Drive & The Difference
Between HDD and SSD, 2020) A hard drive stores all your data, and is
where all your files and folders are physically located. The article also
said that a typical hard drive is only slightly larger than your hand, yet
can hold over 100 GB of data. The data is stored on a stack of disks that
are mounted inside a solid encasement.

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 List of Computer Hardware
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
• SSDs are faster than conventional hard disk drives (HDDs), more
compact, have no moving parts, are immune to magnetic fields, and can
withstand more shocks and vibration than conventional magnetic
platter disks (Bauer, 2019).

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 List of Computer Hardware
Optical Disk Drive (e.g., BD/DVD/CD drive) compact disc
digital versatile disc
• Optical drives retrieve and/or store data on optical discs like CDs, DVDs,
and BDs (Bluray discs), any of which hold much more information than
previously available portable media options like the floppy disk.
• The optical drive normally goes by other names like a disc drive, ODD
(abbreviation), CD drive, DVD drive, or BD drive (Fisher, Do You Need an
Optical Disk Drive?, 2020).

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 Computer Peripherals
• A peripheral is a “device that is used to put information into or
get information out of the computer (Computer Devices, n.d.).
• The following are example of computer peripherals usually found
outside the system unit. These hardware were enumerated by
Fisher (2020) in lifewire.com.

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 Computer Peripherals
Monitor
• it is a rectangular in shape like a tv screen and shows the main display of the
computer. A monitor interprets and displays the graphical output signal from
your computer’s graphics card and displays it on the screen (What is a
Monitor, 2020).
• This article from computerinfobits.com listed the CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube),
LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display), and LED ( Light Emitting Diode).

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 Computer Peripherals
Keyboard
• is an input device that is used to type in text and other instruction, it is composed of
alphabets, numbers, symbols and other computer functions. Keyboard can be connected
either wired or wireless using Bluetooth or WiFi.
• An article posted in kids.kiddle.co website states that, there are also different ways the keys
on a keyboard are laid out, usually to deal with different regions and languages of the
world. The most common lay out is the QWERTY, according to kids.kiddle.co, QWERTY
design was made so the most common letters would not make a mechanical typewriter
"jam", or stop working.
• Aside from this QWERTY keyboard lay out there are other keyboard lay out that is used by
some these are AZERTY, QWERTZ, DVORAK, COLEMAK, MALTRON and JCUKEN.

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 Computer Peripherals
Mouse
• The computer mouse is a very important external peripheral of the computer,
because without this the drag and drop interface of the computer will
become useless and it will very difficult to access file directories.
• The computer mouse can also be connected either wired or wireless.
Nowadays, different variety of computer mouse exist because of the different
environment this device could be of use, gamers prefer using mouse that has
an RGB LED light.

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 Computer Peripherals
Battery Backup (UPS)
• The UPS or the Uninterrupted Power Supply is a device that your computer or
device is plugged into in order to minimize the effect of brownouts, surges,
and electrical outages. Once a surge or an outage occurs, a battery backup
goes into effect immediately to be able to power the computers and devices
for a short period of time.
• This allows users to be able to save the work they are currently working on
while also giving the ability to shut down a computer properly until the
electricity comes back on in a steady manner (Schierhoff, 2018).

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 Computer Peripherals
Flash Drive
• Flash drive or also known as thumb drives are very powerful storage drive.
• According to Fisher (2019) A flash drive is a small, ultra-portable storage device which,
unlike an optical drive or a traditional hard drive, has no moving parts. He added that, Flash
drives connect to computers and other devices via a built-in USB Type- A or USB-C plug,
making a flash drive a kind of combination USB device and cable.
• The same reference said that most flash drives have a storage capacity from 8 GB to 64 GB.
Smaller and larger flash drives are also available but they're harder to find. One of the first
flash drives was just 8 MB in size. The largest one we're aware of is a USB 3.0 flash drive with
a 2 TB (2048 GB) capacity from Kingston.

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 Computer Peripherals
Printer
• an article from javatpoint.com entitled “What is Printer?” defined the printer as a hardware
output device that is used to generate hard copy and print any document. Printers are one
of the common computer peripheral devices that can be classified into two categories that
are 2D and 3D printers.
• The 2D printers are used to print text and graphics on a paper, and 3D printers are used to
create three dimensional physical objects.

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 Computer Peripherals
Speakers
• Computer speakers is an output device that gives us the sound output.
• Laptops have already built-in speaker, thus if you want to make the
sound better then adding a computer speaker may be very effective.

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 Computer Peripherals
External Hard Drive
• An external drive is just a hard drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD) that is
connected to a computer on the outside rather than on the inside. Tim(2020),
also added that some external drives draw power over their data cable, which
of course comes from the computer itself, while others may require an AC
wall connection to derive power on their own.

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 Computer Software
A software or the computer software is a computer component that is
non tangible application or computer program that provides
instruction and data to the user.
The Software has two main types the System software and the
Application software.

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 System Software
• a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware and
application programs.
• the system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications.
• The Operating System (OS) is the best-known example of system software. The OS
manages all the other programs in a computer (What is System Software, n.d.)

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 Types of System Software
1. Operating System (OS). Harnesses communication between hardware, system
programs, and other applications. The operating system must be installed first
before other application. Microsoft Office Productivity application and other
application will not work without Operating System. According to turbofuture.com
(Amuno A. , 2019) the following are the types and functions of Operating Systems.
Types of Operating Systems:
• Real-Time OS: Is installed in special purpose embedded systems like robots, cars, and
modems.
• Single-user and single-task OS: Are installed on single-user devices like phones.
• Single-user and multitask OS: Are installed on contemporary personal computers.
• Multi-user OS: Is installed in network environments where many users have to share
resources. Server OSs are examples of multi-user operating systems.
• Network OS: Is used to share resources such as files, printers in a network setup.
• Internet/Web OS: Is designed to run on the browser that is online.
• Mobile OS: Is designed to run on mobile phones, tablets and other mobile devices

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 Types of System Software
Functions of Operating Systems:
• Provide the interface between the user and hardware through GUI.
• Manage and allocates memory space for applications.
• Process the management of applications, input/output devices, and instructions.
• Configure and manage internal and peripheral devices.
• Manage single or multi-user storage in local and network computers.
• Security management of files and applications.
• Manage input and output devices.
• Detect, install, and troubleshoot devices.
• Monitor system performance through Task Manager and other tools.
• Produce error messages and troubleshooting options.
• Implement interface for network communication.
• Manage printers in single or multi-user systems.
• Internal or network file management

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 Examples of OS

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 Types of System Software
2. Device Drivers.
• Enable device communication with the OS and other programs.
• Driver software is a type of system software which brings computer
devices and peripherals to life (Amuno A. , 2019).
• This software must be installed in order to use the newly connected
peripheral or device.
Examples of devices which require Drivers:

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 Types of System Software
3. Firmware
• Enables device control, and identification.
• This directly manages and controls all activities of any single hardware
(Amuno A. , 2019).
• One of the most important firmware in computers today can be
accessed through the BIOS or UEFI which is installed in the
motherboard. BIOS means Basic Input/Output System and UEFI means
Unified extended Firmware Interface Platforms.

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 Types of System Software
4. Programming Language Translators.
• The same with human being, computers have their own language and
the same with computers, application or software used different
language in order for it to be created.
• The language that is used must easily be understood by humans to
comprehend the code. In order for the computer to understand the
code there exist the Programming Language translators.
• Popular translator languages are compilers, assemblers, and
interpreters; usually designed by computer manufacturers (Amuno A. ,
2019).

CISC | Information Technology Department GEE13 | Living in the IT Era

 Types of System Software
5. Utilities.
• Ensure optimum functionality of devices and applications. Utilities are
types of system software which sit between system and application
software (Amuno A. , 2019).
• Usually this software is accessed through the operating system’s
settings. It is used for system maintenance, diagnostics or configuration.
• Aside from that, this software also performs the data security task and
bundled with the Operating System.

CISC | Information Technology Department GEE13 | Living in the IT Era

Examples and Features of Utility Software
• Antivirus and security software for the security of files and applications, e.g.,
Malwarebytes, Microsoft Security Essentials, and AVG.
• Disk partition services such as Windows Disk Management, Easeus Partition Master,
and Partition Magic.
• Disk defragmentation to organize scattered files on the drive. Examples include Disk
Defragmenter, Perfect Disk, Disk Keeper, Comodo Free Firewall, and Little Snitch.
• File Compression to optimize disk space such as WinRAR, Winzip, and 7-Zip.
• Data backup for security reasons, e.g., Cobian, Clonezilla, and Comodo.
• Hardware diagnostic services like Hard Disk Sentinel, Memtest, and Performance
Monitor.
• Data recovery to help get back lost data. Examples include iCare Data Recovery,
Recuva, and EaseUs Data Recovery Wizard.
• Firewall for protection against external threats, e.g., Windows Firewall.

CISC | Information Technology Department GEE13 | Living in the IT Era

 Application Software
• a program or group of programs designed for end-users.
• Application software may be bundled with system software or published
alone (What is Application Software, n.d.).
• Application software is a major type of computer software and it is also
called as end-user program. This software is used to edit text, numbers, and
legal billing software graphics and utilizes the capacities of a computer for the
completion of task.
Examples:
i. Word processing software
ii. Database software
iii. Spread Sheet software
iv. Multimedia software
v. Presentation software

CISC | Information Technology Department GEE13 | Living in the IT Era

 Peopleware
• are simple the computer users, the one who manipulates the
computer and the computer programs.
• It can include various aspects of the process such as human
interaction, programming, productivity, teamwork, and project
management.
• A term first coined by Peter G. Neuman in 1977, peopleware
refers to the role people play in technology and the development
of hardware or software (Peopleware, 2020)

CISC | Information Technology Department GEE13 | Living in the IT Era

 -End-
Thank you.

CISC | Information Technology Department GEE13 | Living in the IT Era