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Cortex (Botany)

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77 views3 pages

Cortex (Botany)

Uploaded by

RobertoGarzon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cortex (botany)

In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis
but outside of the vascular bundles.[1] The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled
parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation.[2] The
outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly thickened cell walls, and are called collenchyma cells.[3]

Cross-section of a flax plant stem:


1. Pith
2. Protoxylem
3. Xylem I
4. Phloem I
5. Sclerenchyma (bast fibre)
6. Cortex
7. Epidermis

Plants

Stems and branches

In the three dimensional structure of herbaceous stems, the epidermis, cortex and vascular
cambium form concentric cylinders around the inner cylindrical core of pith. Some of the outer
cortical cells may contain chloroplasts, giving them a green color. They can therefore produce
simple carbohydrates through photosynthesis.[4]

In woody plants, the cortex is located between the periderm (bark) and the vascular tissue (phloem,
in particular). It is responsible for the transportation of materials into the central cylinder of the root
through diffusion and may also be used for storage of food in the form of starch.[5]
Roots

In the roots of vascular plants, the cortex occupies a larger portion of the organ's volume than in
herbaceous stems. The loosely packed cells of root cortex allow movement of water and oxygen in
the intercellular spaces.[4]

One of the main functions of the root cortex is to serve as a storage area for reserve foods.[4] The
innermost layer of the cortex in the roots of vascular plants is the endodermis. The endodermis is
responsible for storing starch as well as regulating the transport of water, ions and plant
hormones.[2]

Lichen

On a lichen, the cortex is also the surface layer or "skin" of the nonfruiting part of the body of some
lichens.[6] It is the "skin", or outer layer of thallus tissue, that covers the undifferentiated cells of the
medulla. Fruticose lichens have one cortex encircling the branches, even flattened, leaf-like forms.
Foliose lichens have different upper and lower cortices. Crustose, placodioid, and squamulose
lichens have an upper cortex but no lower cortex, and leprose lichens lack any cortex.

See also

Bast

Pericycle

References

1. Allaby, Michael (2019). Allaby, Michael (ed.). A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. Oxford University Press.
doi:10.1093/acref/9780198833338.001.0001 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198833338.001.
0001) . ISBN 978-0-19-883333-8.

2. Hine, Robert (18 April 2019). Hine, Robert (ed.). A Dictionary of Biology. Oxford University Press.
doi:10.1093/acref/9780198821489.001.0001 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198821489.001.
0001) . ISBN 978-0-19-882148-9.

3. Leroux, Olivier (November 2012). "Collenchyma: a versatile mechanical tissue with dynamic cell walls" (htt
ps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3478049) . Annals of Botany. 110 (6): 1083–1098.
doi:10.1093/aob/mcs186 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcs186) . ISSN 1095-8290 (https://www.
worldcat.org/issn/1095-8290) . PMC 3478049 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC347804
9) . PMID 22933416 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22933416) .
4. Capon, Brian (2010). Botany for Gardeners (3rd ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 62, 77, 85.
ISBN 978-1-60469-095-8.

5. Janice Glimn-Lacy; Peter B. Kaufman (2012). Botany Illustrated: Introduction to Plants, Major Groups,
Flowering Plant Families (illustrated ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 13. ISBN 978-94-009-
5534-9.

6. What is a lichen?, Australian National Botanical Garden (https://www.anbg.gov.au/lichen/what-is-lichen.ht


ml)

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