ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERINGatt demand - edernand forenvle’s a foe an average indian oan b kuianting formula | 2182.IP +O, the vepuirernent of watix in Vahiows [-——__J ‘wen 2 Fvmen | VHC ee 2 Bust» [dome stereease_| ae Indusiat) | 40 *YsC«d 4 = National Goat |. fry P <2lakh ~ of Fire onder Publi Use» cority Sformula 408456 [1-50] five demand (Hein) ine woseesy wastage +fer p> 2lath The Fs + Seco tH min rae fer st Fire cuter 79100 +0 364-00 Im lemard 7 | fee 2nd Five 5S. GowPindia 100 & snot: : i ue . | nas Pin thousands Ang > Atferin 9. {S cde jee 135 +0225, (Population excop} Govt. = } format, ® onter ordinny endition min: domeste cualir demand Fe toon having Flushing YG Butlfr ews & L1G, along = 13s Rped Gi) Is de max. water demard= 23s%pe4 | mel: comcidumt-drva Ft Five demand =m ox: ni darren Design eavamdiy ond, caatiy tyeatrment | forisyears , mox.doily vnllk deran Pipe mains Mar: daily demand Filly roth feeatmnentorit Dichribuhan © may woth, Armand sysim |" modes Gish totin roel -|— © coninciduct dare |. Sooo - oalsd haberodls | Max daily demand durmrand Avevage annval Atrmand Tevdi¥ P Suviursetvoir | Isyeon Pipeconnetionte 4 7 Several tretment | "98% Units -Lishibten Syphon LEApp d ail eran Aug woeely ” Max. marttiy demand a-2@ Ay mantnyy dona 7 Max-doih demand _ mmariweekyy demand _ aa | wax: hour dermarel = IS x Avg nour demand. a nox: doy =hsx (max oily deena ) 24 = WS X18 x (ag. daily darmana ) 24 = 2 Annval avg hourly adamant Peat (max )dsmand _ | go t-?d] ae eS fxg dumand “P= Percentage of anmuat avg. demond for time 't? indous Popol ation Peak fachy < s0000 3 Comal town) $0000 — 2A as Umediom toon ) 7 2a 2 Crageto-on)—Poputation Forecasting methods ee — © Aitmmebial Increase mained sascomptim > future population inceencs at Gngrant vate (42 =¥) at Pn = Poe n& sno: sf Arcos ssuitey> Large 2 establisy otis ohare He is Mienited scope of expansim — Cold ches) rt @ Geomehic Movease metnod Conform tneveate wnehnd) ©) Entecamental Incveace meted. © metnod of varying Lnicreamach @ Alecreasing vatech Froostn ret G) Comparative Sraprica] metod icamst™ sassomption + Perdecads ofogrouth vat 16 Pn = Pol ry, y eee he Suital —¢ Applica to young £ vapialy developing © with @ lange Scope of expansion en= & Ke Oty wv or NK ott y | sites > + ary By Co or 19) Tag crest Population of Faye ea Ja avg. increments Tanne tami + onen eA py ee 1 Frrosin shoas downward tend « if Poxsgion 'S reaching founds saturation and Fro is decea.sing QR Of smolley condition fcnavackiwshic ve lit ferion ave groan in similar Facnin is me past» Ustin graphe & ampaves. © logistic curve memed wy CHE Vewnulk) ! fr Cornmonity with Lied land area Fos Future « Ex. 1931 Po =o i941 ek Giese) 195) P2 tonag Popelatin atany Hemet’ form stax C=_ ts (a mln'(nd)_Phycical paya mein © cuspendea Solid le Boma et EPA Rar biaity War aupindh enseaton jay ncvense tad te eongin Fram Inowanic Partics, ond) in curdacewatiy (rot in grout ) * meacurement —+ BY Gravimenic fecnnique, : disolur uu = total colds — Suspended solias Ceremicad axa edn) Fi tvertionn t ~ Lee L Suspends solids dicolvesotid + colloidat solid iss) (notable to trove snd visually) & chassify Z Filtaby solids non Fi ltay Solids . Sndivest mexcavement of Suspended solid © 4 sha ndavd “orbidyunik (LST) FU LoTo= L mgsiiigg + 3 Ait disillunk og hic = ee? ~ Gatley earn ee Crs aMeverem meauyrement” ; Io [Festa | jae al [epics | Papen | Ee Set Aactive = ued Kt pm = Fed metnod x see * used when ved (1 P8m) + Rod exit i serhrame turbith C10) PPM + Based as i wy i ini heeds Hee ee SB agus measure. anne : *dapin at whith jo Ine diceetin = Ligh mrancu. a +e Pr needle suse . Pex peydiculay to. becames vote used foo deinhing diratin « ; adv az | ives Boas OM Tc caren tor bist THITU or SFO 7 26-1000 rem, ‘ large Unt tlh “= = Vey Fox maine. + locoturbiditG . 1 cuales Leptin cil LAF digi wal increase turbid) image of Flame kept Ancrvzasesd. at bottom of jar (eanes { — ' tobe sen. ( oe mrened be lurbidity_ mensyomait® cloy [5-15 th + Ofyin—> duurbe cusperdta amit disel ye Mmatter in watar ‘trnperalaa (o-a¢) F2sc » ; = rveasie ment — [9 ay Hinkendtir (nessux we | =r Gloe matching Teiqus = using Barghese Seals » cobalt Seale " Tue cotoy onttk [shazenerith = tng et (unio platinok ten) 4 tive Teh: His only For yellowish Byowm coley dtc Cotneesnan Anintke fnduchy effluent QDeaste, | origin > Gy disse gaces mae odaay. methane \ercaphens. {ov 3) mmeacsiyernent a=" osmaccope JFitcseshot oclour Paumibek Cros) 22 Ate. a Yate Frat volome of aig = 2oomi {if noining gin} fe 2 An incrence HH Soc tend —> da bls the « Biclogical ctivilyShermical Quay Besiption Pavan die D beta mnagre Source mi meqayvement ~ diceive ct oo —, Gat Huse Gag 9 COxade v a ~ *9 “ Soy- 7 dionic Testix [sami Seo-2000 . . een Jegadieal Conn OOSX EC Calon), A f * Source + debnitn > qt of i : soit ey tS tT neat ra) * ale aoe-boo)| | [ier] [-} form] - fran Ba wale — | Bicavinati —ColLoruli Caustic x : alkalinity AVL Mis = Endicatny SCDphenophathaline @reichylerrye 8 Wes 9 oy” pneu exist atatime — f, Hox, oH ar . : ee SUES nelevatatime ® ph [: measycement Yy — Aquasapepetention iy oth Glomel vids ” | Fes-as| | > Paicstar —> Brociine-mieryp ” Crwange — gto) C deposit € ertinyecaly, 6) inser mot. gy, 7 t AN Sia wali, —> Ss nesgion & SF bipe From matiriol beingorvey) i“ w daprittion of fewcaue ontida Croverita) . Foren wa, maene. Sruicstortge| PH range | titel olor | Fnadeoler | © mretngt addin B42 Red \ yd werge | endicalSi @ 9-49) \ re) Basic -1(@-5 —\o3) Calswless \ hed ae i Ged | Oe, - G+) | | { im “ z=—[rontiad by motbvaleat ction Let Zog2lor] antec} | gecbophatorntne Terni? ——— Many re ment 4 4 Indicator — eet “fed-—> Que inihat Find H loemt 9 Vigenateso|” Seva KY etrylene diamine reenact arcana (ei) or erpornry [aa 443° | win( TH, AIK) hardness hanes = Nentastenil axPecmanent |" /: havdnecc asin tes x vag li Base ‘ae ty —> Tmexdrangernehnad / zeolite method /| | ost: teearmon' > Boitish dagrer of arenes. 14.2 HL A Acog > Feench ” a mobrsmetnod (aM 'Rgnog , Potasamarreornate 9 Frond et a ¢ oes a2 Cerera04) tefrocerad ob end of [ee it] [ements ae ion petred ose Tnsh> tetadcenentation of dorins.——> @y | ChenperomercicAheation) © | nihaencntint [rraQeeenre of eennioratigy oganic., amonia. Co se Can) Gefore decomposition. onganic complex naluve , Pnenoidi—~~ Sujphonic add F polaninne hydoontdaSeb Plow 3 “ere veto 4 r ive Gor grootndfpesmanent tect Litt “le ad = wit pave moras catk] rele) i) cE t . | case-A[ fovide. AED! aside 7 Seat oh \-S—2rm/Le : Ss . a matting of teeth - Gi selscation of teeth) Dot* inCantsalfeds, notabult Sree, FH macro tamale oxen (Do) Ss o ah indicaler -stavch ] Waa D it L + if Broan ppk4Ou0, 4) Wadd_, DO Preseail Do absot midi enodiPie evinkier mettod Cif witir “has feonieson vib Con), +e Ladicater- Ckerch . yp tncrease: effet @ D0 = ‘Tempeia| SobsbitityoF gas | do emp | Satuyatid DO Gra/tt)Some OMe Topleg 2 Me ofr Topica: © cop | melnsd—s| Aicnromak metiod [Geen ey Use '- koer,07 +H, Sog_ oridicing peath ot Kycy,0t- 2 4 sample of. domectic, seage is aigesta oily we VSo4- (siWexciphets) Ko ( Soph st) Qe : The digested sample is then Hitec coith Stardeht "3m Ferrous amariom Saal (CAS) to Achaea unyeada amour oF KNOL unyeadia ameont of Katet Goodonidising | age tp eduaPlt cothat f increases | | | @ qrteat—> # tnoe (eared HehBiolgicad caatir quality Cavamels Aifficutt taste atest in lab ¢ court atnegen Ba ckirig —> ce cool 5 precente of coliform PN Test —— > aemae 3 Baved on Applicabon of. Porsan “(taiton aratin te \=PresumptiveTat :— CHve vel beak \n dicta the Vinely Precence. of coliform . Ceali) 2. @nfirmed Test - sample from 4 tne tube of Presomplive Tet i Usalte Chavmless aerobic la antivm presence of eliform Feementiv's organism) | 3- Completed Tesh — used for obtaining Ls if cali tert —> tres ; f cater atsent ek ee isola colonies , ces fron isolatid ST _feateonits ce grarn stoimead & cmted jurdel, micage@pe to confirm the coliform | Fest of coliform L rT @ ‘Y MPN table Theabrane TPN Te i . Eitan a fee \ Yoo ction aynier lecrnique i Tt Cemastpro wade wa) | est | 84 eoicar's dishatoben Reciprmed of. = SPretlest quartite| — Thomaceg” 1 of carnple giving || ————— Hue Beal Tea ‘| Mew looms Moo: of Hovelube. + loo > [cody Bome Dicmates) 1 beat PTamdiee A tgepic — (Sabronelalypi) CMe petits dyserbry 2-thglet-vibvichsew) M8) Centemetoa te ‘a palo nichtitic ) 3. Bacilary CRotomytis) am gentry ons Sonne batilus Shiga Fexney » rmelumpn conte a if tener. Nuisance bockerio. iee [AS pa fs: 10500} (stat vasion ~ 2919. foe Ddnuing co tuvquality Pavammelay | Reverussilte tim} Coute fox teedion ] Suspendsd solids soo 2000 moh _ aa 1 SwTu ao eas - ot caleN s ‘shen a oh 2 odow 3 Ton 1aSb 4 odour ‘ —— [tomp Wp 2s"c 10-25 otnemoise vyedd— total discuecolias $00 2000 Molt 600 Ny Met se ia BS-@9) | CSB omanaie veya hd Co 4 a Se pe Fra amoniq Os oS la ovganic amenia 080 am ne nityit, 6 “9 Nibvatt 4g lar J osmarae * a 00 Svyphate, Coy 29 [ a Goo aR Toa 1 ais ne | "Weersciint cian OS 1 7 Tram (Ce) 10 velanation (3) iy Manga ness(orrn) p> 92 ie % ~ a cal opp 005" ‘se \ Caleinr( ta) 4s. a 200 7b . 1s kesh or @n (ine) £ waa 4 ca AD Aesenic > ND Cd cn deryies mataoain BED AT Ley Ae PMS (azar) weet |e fae] ™ nmi @®) OO lor Atomic, Problemy, absoxption keh niqueDevelopment of geet colar : ee - Siloti zoe i 4 : Zone st Gunivatvnal wit sone Cintontadts aeyatieg sug = { (fer) (ey , 4] 4 oat oat Zone of . ad asses eee | oatawudes ghastatic presse | Fone of voor Preaige @ silwotivzone:- ontadraun iy Vesetahen , onstardtid excaph patiod fea en Solutix zone] soil casi chuste| a Tt Geavirbetienal water, coatin Snat an be moves freaky by cody Red ly suvurknsi® i@eapiltary voi ds coith tide im eit Soil waitin teacion = Latn. ye cactko. 651 Soil pati iy aasoxgtion® a tee prin with soil watiy Jension may atin gpavitg* trey dreainod Fecm| prvi © mbsmediat.zone -» svove Gpillayzene, alt inPilkatian watamuck pacctnogest- ys ator rone 4 Sauration « © apillay zone = Pressure < ak: prece . Erol eta) b * ortaburatel Zoro Cael y zone) @ zneReauyatiog—y + below Groce casa Ue (Gwr) * Porer, Complatcdy Filed yea © Pretsube= atm « Prt cureBeem gant coal Ob Lali ay —> | satiarata fos malian 1 [aqeafer Aquilard | aquiduds fis, tostoreusitirs [sent —clay ont" focrnation Like | teancnii tstorecatir Clay 1 eapase | Gara aupositusgsavel >)!" OSV arighs povous | Forms goed aquifers! Possibl. > ( Cevolas move), —~ | yield Ingignifintt ( seith_pornus ( ‘ \ But ot permeble | + niet only. shore wat inampartso | C uate ru nuit Peymable + bulyietd cuffidentuuita | to aquifer ( Sizeveide ) i \ : ( F - Aquifer D vnconRitld rratartete Onveaticaguiler ; Se oasis ey, cool existe, Greavitoat) J Oneafinsdaguifer confined prabsene Ff layeh Catove Gut) ea aquifer j CoaFining zone of Satu yrtion —— onebinsy aquifer. + Powous-+Peymeable - ' ‘ 5 ] eattar tateaguifed Phreaticaquiler Qu —j Pydwaulis Read at any Point in nano 4 a 7 | espaiacate otoncnfined i = he dept of point below que ifer sai Pegler munca aa cud. coitnd qu — aur | Cakp, vecwe —>asperical ve of oneent ined aqui (aioaiinns > Frvetied eaply Bb) oN ously wd —a whan ged level ic! ble polls Surface. @®fwoiy coal) > whow 9d * jeu isabwe of Potouctiomdn —_ water abe a zene =. 25 of m potevctiemnevicsuelace te , a ace 2 renpevenenbhe aye [7 fegel ufo winch Th contkn call ise ine WE 0d bnnwsee =i UF Tnaicais roa nitude. of Preccuse _predeteetion coHMin — confirwd 440 _y a pe «confined aquiler overtain by aquidwhs © perch aquiy— aioue GUT eds mre) © “HR cated rai eatin ingerapet by Tmpermeble layer £ local zone A Sakuyabel formud + vppearsarac of zone i perched watiy fade ca @ GF cating lacsion els es Wa potentiometric Surface, fb cenfirad qquifer nok directly conjak Sith obmosphne . oY fgpicad walla aithin confined aquifer ware 7 ahm- Pre Sure atlesianprecarre oY con Fined pressure + well in anfined aquifer —> wat BEL inwdl » duvto San confined aquifer - aquidads. Crmpereneblelayer)eee Tnipye bot rehnatiens ©) shntaqerettv eek) + © [Pareak Oo = Vv exclu ef selen.givn by url lan are aA J , aauiler aahn_ prezorntnic boahare vate of poarch oretivm fat, ty ov aqui fer maivial . ———s Fed stent ata > at, Ahad cn 2) GG) waty dnat @ unan Fined ectradia ty gravity from nit aauiley f ‘ iter material (Porous udu) |< Ge) ~—— lume of aquifer matey ws ceuliny 4 @ rerific xebrFiy SR x fraction of “cooky confined aquifers arcLesianaauiley CBeld capacity) wie in 3 aquifer pel oni ne aot: fer uncenFinal aquifer > apts ate Ne 4 S Ffident- chucto d wR i colic ‘expanicien = a al we Sask) = Yor] Yeona [ t, + “rie | /© equatino{ malton a + lel, dueto compression af aquifer and expanden, ofeastL ] ow. cunda,serfau) SAveuet Settuued jSprifc ceyacity = discnarge dxqudoan | = —— Lh aie ASH WI) | * ae 8g hy) 2u oa @ _ intsinsic [spediFic permed .-a foopiog SuTeat |-fossmaller RP pe fen Prceortast: Oparerq Test: [Ropingertst | [teresnttit| fox uncafinedaquiler ogi, oy) sh : nati originally foronanfiiusd Ftow » egris —~ given bf dupit slaty matihied by tne for confine) Poo , auc indapit’s & Theirs Her Lo po aunieue eguili bium coadid o. pumping done fers longtime Solnot ¢ Bisco can ve rmointainisd » Gdnich ic not cacy to do: Prawb, Gor confined aquifty Sow? ong wsadial Foo in coftfinag aquilty eet cof Wu 2 be 2:25 TE | teanamisisi? YS fee “Kedah hceien alfa Avqutoun in Col attirD-Hme —>openco el Recuprration Test tebz by ee | = ls . | ols Jota dyaudown in Welk Sao formation \oSs ly. [ana 77 a ate sepulved ty Combe Lavina Flow in Porous mudia- Sotgge Oe ewer a ee eo drop of: heoadtess : s in canine Pieomebic ana rand vaputived “Seams te Suton turigstend Foe near wall ey coelt efFideny « = formation toss (C8) otaldraudoon yaxsursd inwell Si Initial dvaudsem (L1G + GBS attzo Qrfinal drvqud com attoy ‘Fic capaiity =_ discharge @ = i 4 aqua son (2a) 49 4QR2—PHterference avnid coals Qindivisual ofott Quwells 2 Vie & = ROR) 2.303 a(t «§) R> Redius f areq afer D—> distance behweon cols 6 =_2mKB 1-0) 21203 19 (& a @) 2824, = 2nkOC Hh) 86)% Watiy Trealmenl patreatment based on < wuscodlin Galil output qe want Ctyeatid wal ) @)_sehinention ("remove cguspenvd oli 7 uy gaily aaien Sedirnentationtank, KL J Guiegent re ‘onbinuc tot Kealrrenl proves Flow crart :, S| Jee ed rcmtype bre [eexart] © stave ovat by PE Scveenivg | — ination |—|aexation 19 | —|Prechlosiration |—|aerati Bane aa al ve Sedimeniaben | [Zeaimentall Fine 1a = 24 by Letel Foc ute cca seaienectation| inno = 3 Csetentia| [Ex Rectang tar [eeetvotan aide Pat enin not tank EEO» ETE Filation | —> [bisintecion |_ [avrexftening| tray: icv = minorWwotrnent|| — Stexe’s a No cocrtseseseens, I= scveenh eng fine screens ahen extsemly Paluted clay wal OF anere is packria «Hen only 64Qi~ 2 Prechlorination *- Qe OX || on Gel 2 thee 2 [e Gps , =I kets y 3 tp 4 Re Spe 3 40. Rem osc Re et ep =0'40 evids 4 = 3. aeration .. .add O2 For oxidation F onddlesivable substarce ite oil, decomposirg Produc of Algae - . c + remove disolve gases < ae color ———> vernove Fe in + vermove jaske odour meinods Spray Casads asf Awieelivg reezle deriter —aivaealy — edna tooth snot: - disenedcgarh scciaity t= osrasiatt {te2se . Acoimnt 3 =” Ve = G1) Kod” Ve" 2 Vz 418 G14 2TH) 6 18 a TH20 Aco Vee éla G04 (33 Orca h mp Ve= 1.6 [ gae AD Lam cisealartank | tA = 4? (aad +078S4) Ns x a2 Vow d x e Ss not: ddelmm 4 Cole imm) Kwa a> (mm= ORT | [oa aecitreffideryyal lank | = NS aloo Ne (ooh) AL cond, 16140 Seligoncarhatin = tala -vernovel Cove: Alo nini (Yow) Suites (65-83) [666 “Kony PH Coegulant, Alom Desi + Commonly, useel vebexe( Lo~ 20775 24) = Pleces formed arc_Siabls rc_slabls, + geauce color y tacts / oda « Alylou),+'8¥a0 + 34 fiz), +| disphcement efficieny = Fiocattnourn tial @ detention A, ‘entvon peviol ©) due te cumneant Producd by caming Fruid ( Chowtavaahep) { Feo) delentionti mtd) Ai ergata Ca worincoagiaten 2-4hy Plainsedi mentaton SOR —a (1218000) (UE/wtfaey) Ga 24200) B® “coapiaion aided Sedienentation 1 fr toremove Fire Suspendal soli « coagulant doce —> WTA" TE NGb (423) | BGhoy + 2AVCoW), +624 + (8H:0 (rato ( cot cores em Py vents) (stain) vas Arcee Alicaiinity + “+ ala, vt ination i @: G0 + Ce, —> Caton > cafes)» 120 (aaa) fy Alor + Cab Og Givens) = \ 1 Alem + cacy, +2 AION) -+18M,0° 3a cog —> on 3 ee Cermentnh 1 B¥iqsoq + nena ‘anion, + Blob 4stho Tealigsewade- + efeciive 19 Colox vemoved also Ffective im Caanbinaiongh ath duu Maxlness Cana rates, he tan be got) Coagulation —2 process of adding chemicals coppesas |= commonly used Tor e Pc sees | (fesse) Bees Becks in oatrr to dechotlinn ine SHAS” Ceweidt |» puvarye 78S cere of colloid particus co tra — Ss) oa . fad watty nem con take Plat - Alsinatl Tol Farr lore tooth Facconradk Yatrem can teks PAE” | Vapes fefou + | + corks in Targe PH-FAN9E Tnechanion of coagulation :- Feels | cee Fuo™evatty Ave arrrent + “Taechanign of eager | q 5 STs ore [= Tenicayer compression Line _ . ion ‘soaium | + Sty Coaguiant 2. adsogprionl chavgeneuolization cor | Celgenqputin> So 2. seeap eaguiation (4A) | uefa fr esti 4 Sar partide Bridging + carion_donlt “ene aN Yaar +— LAT ioee pani Mixing Badin 5 Piling Basin G_Litteadion :. -geenove <<» calor sap mix “Te 6 8re Crees 5 Fine stuperst Gta measiae of csagulatonoppilanly coliAS gusts G = NBME mentine of vetative Gee) x velocity of 2 par els Pe of Fluid £ distant * between 416 ~ (= [EO , J daw. > keeporal catty neiire ¥ (ra = Yaw coatiy NET ed) | “) meanwcodl Flocatatia nor Sedimeotta Msfm2- genie ‘sana sk before anbeving into Ste | eu, | sedimnecivation cage HNN | Roughing (aval media ili) | Ls increa ges Hectionvate & gor + Sst L4 ] Hlocwtation +. coagulahost opposbuny t \ Theagy of Filtration [seed tick iensity Flock | | ranipcs |eeal mentation] Biotest! fy electric (et sizet) (Gt devsityh) - || stearate ? aan} | cranes [Genove és) Crmmvess) («re Oa) ( “Hai rome iL | Giioteh 5 ———_ [Gorter turbidity Blows cand Filtiy GS a Sarl ae GO Rati of Floculakion * rant | Conevtin oct ltd" pe of copg art opera! de ee nooner ened SOUree a au Youvels | a Tats of filkstim = 100-200] 4 Jotimes oF SSE (2109-4000), Ae} bem Wi pete’ De 20-030 Dee asc Oss = ees iscmes Tol Oke aF bie eoagulain] every eFFicient in coloy yernovat clavtiPlocelatos = focolation + Sedimnentarin| inmnner Tracer. | Aided adiementatton | Ferman yank cineroize toe) [ya vans@mup Nene 2. hock i enayoh Clea S Frege Smatth | it expand Badecia emevel = 38-284 can ro tote if turbid Bene Semove _/ tke, Hoy he = BUEN) CGA) dittoom | Color | REMS IRE operation» essefficre) 8 aix binding ; Mod Ball Foamation axenaco® enn gurit | @) creckingeh Sar Od (s+) |Hoomping of Bits bea moti: Gp = nee 0+) vee (aye©. torah eaecenon fl Ausease — causiv ‘ musing _MaioocryAMisHH (eeefAl) ‘febuve PL, (5-4 ———* Brutusig process of armoval af « steviztion + Catog pg h Sduble by pasing az for *Stevtizaion + precessaf remowt of all yes Ness lood on Mite ef meooganicm. fc doing disinfection does not mean stertizatient ro edirod of clisin fection onidising agent Cela sBy,T) 03 Keaney 4292) isdene) J [enfant tow, 6" | Physical Boiling og we “erne log ais 1 Fectien uu ways legue=2, 2lag disinferVien Chlotination. ay anis Patlegere tilted vy chiorine @L,) or Mspantatiz ton + process of # 4o cali + wed to prevent the spreod of webiy Rome — Ad sese enourra —— 3S elysenis yyehsia “Tepegety che sination GT Plaincmiovination ;-—> anly cniovinations i no olner treatment given to catty. I-_Uv ways + not for-turbid asetiy (lonl< Pre, e_Ba.3-0 "rereales slat, Nate oer ae ererrove battuvia 30M, cele¥ i se a gives highest quali watrr aiea oer ULE + doesnst ensure safely agpinck-aéegrtaniveton |. uscg wien turbidity (20-20M5)21) @ Precnlorination:. in amis chlorine te adau before Filtration ‘or voted before : + protute dark oxen Sedimentation £ ceagulation- Lif pink coloy Aisappeay means oh eugedanen concretion of pathogenic. premet | eatin is shes Fae Hovinog. 2 Used_inwvral yee chrig, vemovall « + 00 J. celera causing boa i precipita onvtensils ® supereniorinction C Excesschiostnshen)_:, venenever excess Onieint. (S-1S MUA) igaadd in wate Auving epidemic sum tio Bbsencecs vesiaual 7\4o2 MIE above Cnr breakpéink nlssinetio)G ® Brent print entorinalion close = ctenead 4 esidaral * Break poink i a poink al oH CWlorine Aemand “has been botally Saishied, Contorine hag veactia in water. ex che coll) amonia ganic nrattin YeAucing agent (Baransslobn) # Abby Inispoint cohativer caiorine & tdded bres Fea fem ie and appears AS a vesidual ontorine. heave Mis foint is vefewed as_bresk poitl o The amount of chy sequired 40 rear upto tis point is Yefewsed aS [prveolcpoint 7 Spe fose : = Theosbally no avorine ic wey, 40 be adda beyond dreakpank we peachally | Th is added to ensure vesidusl cba of. 02 mgiat at contact pri st tent Aesructin st of fren ' ee aa pregn on ‘chionoeanc o sk, Aepeora samt k— sen ata Aedudin) © ‘ i © Ferman | Jonlorine cnjoreorsanic | _Spetitea6e t- wghen noamonia or oganlace Present in wali pe foes avoable , Yesitoal , esiduval rh os vital anna deena is (e\ eens igo Ps Heaton | Aner tebind daborinetioh l oe Chlosination | Beck PREANGE > stot | 7 a +Nj0 PLE hort Geecrveinn + hel Youve “RE Condarte hence breatdocn ak high pn) Wr +oclm od Coast de chuctive oJ: move ran ot eee pit maintain bel er Fe 1- aly, Keceawibbaloring, rats: moreover entering «ill immediately eat with arnonia Preseat iin costy to form Onlosarnints + Ni, + Hod PSS Why + 420 Crnone crora mine) nodising ectank preety WH + hod SRL Wel, + 1hO didi\ovarning (tredominart) bh <4 Wiha + nod 4 > way +4,0 “chlorine oddea 001) nid, #2 PH maintained Sh? hence dientorariir (uttel) Predominant.Gi eS Meese combined (oum of «nlaciney Ness fative tran free dlovine (2g: int) But tne ie ") ave Slable. and vermaing it Conley fox great duratiest @ Ac feccenovine (gas ortiqnid form) Washypocntosin. (Bleaching powdn) ® Chiovamines. Camonia + enierint ) fescrr4 ® Mosinedioniar ClO mongute combined £ Feet enlavine © oMolodine Test—> @ dev test W chiowrer Test © Staven Soaine Test Hlorinating agent /eveciae Coodive rie solphat) - Mota creapest Q- Adiwotia Carboy — kill algae - {__) a a ——— ees © Defloridation ( florins removal) b - pti Sata Alo shard \= Absorption by activatid Al erva Censrety) 2- naigondg Tech niu, 3 — [om exenange adsorp) 4 Yeverse osmosis, frocese. ion enetined uged In wueate® Rol gonda Technine 2 analy! a qunere grat contain’ excess flow + lentonS ele ia erin Ey enn) + Focutation aoe use- _— Pdealinaticn » By “Beyeese osemast QNBiNinctin ects —s By Freezing coithout orga nicenattix Combing GAR ora @ vemevel of toxicmetals [aeection—> ceaimegtation ~ Cope at clan oa etiwanda) Fi Vteation v Break Linu] dy | YEmmn044 © Ploriaation éaaitiondh Ftovine 1 we] sm] SR Csedivn Htoxpgsitic Ftoxidt) acid 2Lyout of Ustitostion systine, Appuelonances HD Slaticeunl dead ¥ ative $+ te cegut (toe —Beath 5 jvidle tne mainline idkosedie ated Sen-sobemin srdalt | * essentialte di Ystem Gest ott valve | . provided ab summit (1! pectids ?l0o) * Follocy nat smode of Lron wih Brass mown" hae Fev_old 4000 now, ee ks : in ituatad i Cit Soltavedgetpe devia Ses ake situated in unplanmedany [Tey ao" re @ pir- | provid i 4 luiavawe. “Watir veachet by only Lye dt. > apts provided ot sore on dic of Sluiw Vole ox | +o Yelease aiy pressube Gri aa AiNANE | Ginersice, ane to Accommlation of air, rid iogipe ‘ vr Lrep, pend eee Avcackuaond Peescubs. isgeneratd whic > sseaam + mainbipe. couse BiecKage of Flos ofwatiy == “ton trough — — a Comthe + JO chete | « atiocos cvetrr only ig_onedivedtin. + “eelux y St | me by mess oF ain mel “oranch £ latvol yun ingrid Patien | felon CAIN ove inierconnectd « ake. Hida) in pipeline whicndvaws exttiy . FRc Bom pomp “since main zbranen latval ave ees ; i imeveonnectia rence cack end ayy] « croviaed ot dase end of pipelins. etiminatiy and qatiy reaching at att S” > tovernove Sard silt faempipotine different location by moreinan Levt. Pratiehd CFS Strnilorty clutavalae bt $*diffeead, Pvescuse| [Avtematic works | ** 4 ee f teliek ; ~_LTmain Pipe waive | + vSed4n conboll / Limit Me precane in zi = 7 q 3 ee Spe | FRR, [BREE | Come wrt or etme ft Boos BoM ave “ope = Dfet [Providaiat end ef pomp cuction gip ‘Fo te prevent entry of deters into 4 _| foerping $46m and Gave Aevalso Radio) | * M1 cattir Rows-towortsthenity |@ HProvids in | awe diamebysizebibe + Patil « - [ettert us High Reed Lass tran Cluiavelve fave. 2A bigatea Aivield insevent Zone and at me cent of. each NL Q dighel bution This metrad giveh Anigher Repuic— ik heed ond et iclent eaay distaibotion, Yegetoir is Kept S mok suitable Fes continuous, Throttling (regulation (art emay Valve Gall Plot Neve $25 maintain castant leve) fn Soule ~eseuoiy,. . vipen| — Desouplion Pave Jechange direateg oeayh 90 Auge ye) lesigg — * high Neod loss, Cah trea) mol for Pressure 7 Footy) S vie «4 disyiio co 2 Usa walirr Supply for tren OSC gr, Needle | 7 FF Mvwalllinghloo Cregotation ) cone porpase _ valve Sect | Pipe @ shoman operat, * Used in critical Application i; shore wobby Presutt Beit loge =(nok to withsiand external lod OF backfill oe ar Fic) (idcoment lining Pilot valve. Cemerdency + safetganel) high pressune or righ Fsotenl) pi] nsian tiling — scsi emmetion () iw | my ‘ Bibcos | “SMa size wstirtap Ce cass wort A . benvorm for Prghectinagainst cosrasio) Son metal [plas > Salwar zing (Binkeoaty) fe tt fret “ugh. GI pipe Table to 0 _ { bg atidic. of : ] alcaline ebay freccune pipe et sHishly vesistant to addi. & Malin. }® Use bn ing i © Used fev hot Leatiy cavvying inside Fackoy [ovilding b> Cast TY) jo Tmovecommen mganilary FANN |» steel + nol For demesticustir supply lead poisoning onanices L_. wrsoghSxen ee deco fates Plumbing , harder tranceppee tr: [+ Copper Ph ——__— |. cainstand Hish pressure 2 Corssics) fs head Vousanu LL erase Po 7 co [mostly 1m exdtaytmain i Pipe - = Zoyvatien contbell invaeka) pipes cpigot ad SMlageend —> soccet MOSHy UGed For cash LYN » Sheet pips Anisgoint Used, (Re) Gbistos comint Pipe FY Up account crangein pipe eh) CAnesenal variation) Cepn (eonere ex Giemanile pipeline, Jsitea) q cited a not used chhere dePle diag , Vira” fs goink | Tete eink |. pipeteayes 4 rubber geet + [| _ —lay ing of Saued . from thely out fall ends (towards starting end) Reaton > Vtitization during wutial Period of — cmshuction Cnet wait Fay completion of enti scheme Steps of laying of sewey O mark alignment (ay Mendolite + Snwartape ) OOOO Refevenaline Sight-rail method method, ight wall ene teh: ine JT teatvoting @ Trench excavation © dewatering of trench © lay Loin pipes (Gp racing of trench @ Tesring of Leakage in savers Gy air Tact + Foxlare i seas precsars 5 if AQRINen leakagp Moti apply Soap Salvtion toget exact tocatton of Sy woatur Te *carvied out bla 2manwole leakage Design of sour gy Sen ceaseudesign —rnot Arciga for Fold Fie A reserve Spare fos Puscustion’s in Sewage Foo i mestic Avia) Saritary ceveye > domestic + Testes et Sloan coats > for shot waby +4800 cual Crmot for domestict Industrial ) Combined du scnarge = Saniteny discharge (domesthc+tnduchy } + Storm ds srange Gaseme combined System + Singh ewer, line of lange dia meta Hamggricstich / Se208* Gass jo hecateent Storm Plant BMemrage © Aitation —> steergin | @ SAF cleansing velocity achieved Y) single sewer Une Serve dovole FuncHan . @ economica —> Velocity Formula. H 4 Hazen will fam forme , Close condi Pre sguar Fier} rome, ee got manningéformvla Une zy sformvla v= Cee kotter’sformvla_:- c= 44(23+ 0200155 ) s 0015S ” \+( 2340"Sal veansinvelodty | Puinveledity at whieh Bolits gets diposited at Ane vottorn of Seweh . Shiels formula: Ve [# Teaco | Be (-nysine Porosity tahen 2.Seuel’s > samme dugrezatsetFcleansin O #4 OF 5g @ . put 1p. =5h i iad 4 \*&# Fe) @) Bestar | Ex: dreary Hyetvaulialyequival eat P= Oz Fait toa) afer, | Trane] Si= Stope minvelodiby condition not conic Fred then, \ {__ A - anges] [invest Proportianal daptn far cai | - i Sanitary Sere Proportiona) pevienetiy Vein = 0-8 mje @ design Pak Flow Vein = oem, @ Current Peak Feo Propastional ave ty asic | Proportind eS [rar vials in sewed. Concert) = 2+ sami Proportional velocity Proporta! ai ccna 6 Asper manning’ V4 fe mnore velou __ than full loco 3bo -Sind )/J On -& impel, Cy vs) © . advantage Grewlar x = disatraninye-[ TF 4, C0-S0 nen velocity ¥eAme eggewte Gocmattersectian( Dh) effedive. > day weather Asw upper large sedien effete ——> @ mone FASO). Puasa [omen ros |Tine of Coorenhalon Cannel = ove nant Plows ¥ Frocatinre time friste. Before Mlering manhole 4 can is locorved fo Cheac oxygen iy manhole Peat vat of vont gy AN, aswndienmannele :- abywretiondl 2ormox % lt Mo » ine bottom of emall Sewes ehoold nod tec cm (oceet han thab of larger dia, oineuoise hy Acute Choco may happen « Kia K2Ag J+ Az Desneainfat amensity + ‘ ——— — ns wv Joe Ponaipaninealy ®. Dropmanhsle + to connect high level Creat rainfall nersity veal dispersion far bbyanch Seweh fo loco level by vertiead Pipes Ens 2 - b =f ( V4 7) ——— \ ay @ Flushing manhole: ch eve self deansing- Poink yaingall antauty Velocity not available Men essential to Prove $$ Some format Flushing deuice. 40 generat: a wich ABAMEINg velocity + ith a ata cele onesduiito) |G FWphole = anetechiclamp i inserter LANG sewel fox inspeation purpose off Seaver 424s B Ws cleas sine Light all be visible fram — AAdgacent manhde nen Aeanivy icclovte ge + aceording y. ; ese aera © greaccail wap chen Sewage entain Sewer Appurtenanres Pease Loil » otmercoise if will ctiucto Ts for inspection inlrise surface g seweh then cawy ing - I= manhole + ee for Testing Capacity of Sewel cwill be decreased Hh Veaning ‘Ye moval of — 4etin Zim — one ges ton catch asin: preves normal cob 4 gsi mm aatiy int ort daapmanhole of silt, grit fom stem aatiy § te lignmenk Sewset . + Buills at sreeieeeteupel every chargect Y Wnad ofall cease = — = and A rah I@- storm waty sto admit sur lave “Fenaion of 2. wooff > ‘Saoth ~ + dia of cose | ghaignt run dishb}us neem on gan) a mantele© cleanoeit provided in Lato Ser | in Plve of marino indinedpipe cemnect Grom sevwes do Cleamirg of Sets > tative! sewer Tnverk siphon» @nen Saver pipe — ‘Hactodrep below Hen for passing i+ beneain a valley. = store eantiv guitar 4. pvevent overloading of Sewey pumping Station, Iscatment plant by diverting tne EXCEES Poco tovelieh senet $e veld Generally we design bean ch soo only inca Qa Bx Avg Flow of Sav min = fe Aeamot" oaths way pipe ahich carey only Liquid coaste From Kilanan. , washbasin wetis- y+ does not cary human exoria. te vent Pipe \ |. provide Fay verrtilation Puypose to facilitate Me exit of Foulgaces inko abmoyhere + + covry human exticta fom coatiy Close to sephictani S whieh vemain floating inseonse @) disove sotid—y which vemain disslve inswoage Gusras satin wate) CY) coltoicta) Sobid + Finely divided said verrainiy either in Solutio oriaSusgensin Mecieavte-coid > Portienel solid rrattiy putuih tte Lomeasure 4 EmnaPE cone oy yn S Senate ieowed fo vermin undies 2 fora period 6 ly in Inhe FF cone Carboracens oF : Oye nilsigentes 9 Nos + Detection of E-coli indvinking_| Aracrobicebepasten (-ceauctvn hoopess) Aivobie Aevornporslion Covina) ea. > lo] —f4-—> &, on 2 = tS ws nitoh ty et ujphors, ———> &ng-? coup | font; ——> cha soelhonie faxing arene abun ———— See nidtsification. CMHz——> Nog? Mit pee al ates” Nt *e ae Bete itt he miciporganism Foe gg _ anatiwhle Denitni gehen + Nos ee varie 7 oh niberg ME Geeasis) fis erin a-ope fer i + dekvenine by —2 fatter mettind Diseve ox1gen€ DO) + (oxdaticn veamersen Process carvied out ~ chemigaly 40 liberate _iadine is amount 2 guivalent to ine quanti, of oxsgen~ originally Present. Gatuvatin DO» may. quanti of DO Anat can Yemain mix in waty ab Pattiadate bcmpe poh D Do Calayatea) Teempt => dot Chtoriacontet ? = Pf => pot > concesion P Tressate Dotev Homa, oxen Atma head Suygen aman COD) 2 ve / | 20099 00 ripngeens) eno Achevage od (Cog nvees 8), sHomieacuse Bio dejuadable -- Mearbicligals om = Drtizatey Carrot) “est y Alero ab) + Kary of 411,804. ———> Op measure NS ou Sheryaxidaing age cieNCake ;. cinen Seedsd cactiy tix 20m Lib sample asorm— seaded oleh # formos\ caus CoD= Tod = Let initial Qo cheoase x “| Seetdevatin — 9 Theortical oxygen Aemand CThod) . Final bo xt » —yt iomeby i thamical formelaand | inubeDoofdiluba Semple = xxa0-+ ¥K289 concenvation of OM fs enocon AMEn Copies) 7260 AMceetcally calewleliny O*YS required fins) = xan +7280 to comple oxidize. tne organic malin ies 20 +280 Using balance chemical Yeaction: (oj Dos Mile = Oat x20 + Y-1) 25° — _ 00 Hoc total organic carta) : Yoenprett [esos Boi- pop) aituas x/900)- iuberfatee com interns of caren canes content + rte) —_— Tee. Ce11;,06 + 602-76 2, 629 ' ee Tho = (exe) wom f. Ton epuivaent. aim: Uselto_cembare. Tao ” Ane pellotin Pokntia) of domestic sen Too = (tae Doosan seneratsl fm doan & Mmdushs- Pie > Stanlnrt God, of Teds leew ae Shontond Cede of domnestie Seoase ‘perpeeson o Peeden am frtrinsrers( orc kg leariteltet ) xe. maah:= The 7 CoD 7 BOD, 7 foDg 7 Te | [Bio demic) oegenterand > Used ab a reggae of avanti of Onsen : Nedayeioe ] Retakive lett (5). aimn—+ tucheer Tat Per Yepuived fir oaation of Violep Retakive clalaii ¢s) +. sim tucheck Test cyanic mattx intadir Erenpl to seat mec process empbic Cherrital avon Sz opavailable ineffivent ela veal Feist singe BoD (6D) Bed, = (DO; Dog) x Dilvtiontader = 6) ae = [sz 100( 1 -@-994)**9)| bam 2 Volurneof dba sernpla wt mae Sz loo(t— ©-63e)**) force ants et Sevaye crepbvaene [Sete Reese f a eannetion . Blue Selotien arhen inubabd oF 20/37 then pe aos (964) =25 ae Sooner dcwlevahen —> easbieh Anaerobic ueniiton Gait men ma { Doi AxDounsts +36 XD0 acrcbtaat fet ee oe JooReatinvineicg + ‘-a]\ + amount of ox ygenegaualent of OBaniErnattry pyeceul + Ly amount of om i 5, = ab L=0(om) o-Lt = Loll-e-kK) | A 40 Bopy= ts © | o> 4 -@on), fe *"] Mot changedesith benef « Bod (y) Bae'e WW xo4a4 = Bat 1} kp C/dayy tapesatiy Suslarensrdirry Keented sewage i a NK Caeonspenatieg = Ko, (1.04°4) co a eyne kp, (eomgnatny = Heac-ae™™] Glee, = 3.0 tanpscoffiieat Big Koenperiment.. (thomasGraprital sation) ler)? t Preceak ab’ U bene @ Feductin SHiakmax (0) wineye edtcch veacratin | i = Aat ch oxygenation $e [obs \ ileal or'gprdafiok= “ tecrtgeaton 2 coe 3 eecael ow nee 2 skeeos Dianne 246% dow rgenation sae ne =O at ne Cheeta treisapuaia) Chon [we a | 4D, oXRE ka-xo L> ulhmat Bool iy initial oxigen at point of dascharge. aga _—_ : as kof bt c it —, * i ne } fk = abet rat | mecronism of Seif purification @ Diletion £ dispersion D Sedimentation —> suspertad solid Set, @ sunlight ——> photosyntresis, oxidaharofomt © oxydation of ogpnic: erattir 3 Nyt whysis of Organic matte ) Clearer ( 2enet ) Ronest (recovery, + mest \ (Roytechactive j ets) decornpesi tion Kaa 4 suas ethan Proctingsolits, easy pidtien slodye beltem slae — |M2S.cha-Ce2 Cresent + os darter £ Sesh aloeSIF purr Freatien Aepens Otonp.D lanratence Gymnas pe of ogni avtur @® Naboo gsophy of vivey Scharges. Deiolegial_ zones io Hoke | - OCupraliczone | till where SumrighPPeneiets Gir a ‘exh ushele yeottd plant en © Uttoral zone Jo Gohan Sediments in take. Which qerdin Backrion + Javing organism —* Selfled | ence Atortpese by ]@ eentric zone Eoirphiadian in. Sake [ute No, Bucessive OFF * Lake + excessive Mgae Hosta avoid —> lake should not be Used Fer disposal of even teeatid Serge B00 =EGE | PlainScaimentatin (Prirmayy | 4 ™ Create) (lesson) Ie 200 | Seairmentalion PScrecwing -+ - Onsen fn compl. frealmen0 1 peso eae hy Nol Proces¢y ———* AU #20 santas Vent = Ged mental ilproess 8 eHentcal on Bisley ica prec coraminant yemeval Bacedony Bicdgjrcal ont Protess a Friggin] eg "AD Syctim © ASP rtnatastutge GB) foamy teeataeat, of epeoia ida) | Meedene a weil Aeemniove. ealtoidal & cow ginic evel bl ope Cemove G)_tecvebyy | [@ jolagica) ervwve sion of Aicrtue & coll I ®@ Aveta lagcor foes! Tricking Filtirtie) ns @) oxydation Pont Q) Rotating biokogitel © Cnaraicer(R20, wi ‘1 cath Aerobic? neater GD eioresehe both Weatsa upto radials (evel ¢ NS Ro}. Walger = tote @ —fes7 | jovrevey stub ino Blonde | (= Nan Primary sludge ees idl O84 —sefftoret | se centrysbodye fms Sludge For Weateort dow aif esed as, cou re cf watiy supply nen teakory treatment is must before Aispodhd “rented acl into £- Disinfection, aaa . Babsca Ves 4 effloent fern —— Prem et [Raa ]H Se) ey ote oi isposal rss) \ * Sy Sludge it Shadge Werner —— [Foagedigestey volerawin —— ate Cast) © Preliminary bsestment systtin onit [dekntiontime FD] anit Ame. , ke $9 > vemove W/Carse | Geitcnantn| 40 — 60 Bee | Stibekigesin| 20 dass Lrovganie Carrticulot ] |Skimminghne | 3 — 5 rin sentent | vacvatey | lo- 15 atin Screening —> grit emieey —> Sriram Sst 5-2 by. tenhalfme| 2 hy Gee fntnek eT 2. 2.5hy. treatment I Sopictonk, | 24 ber. lL © masts. 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