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Dr.Praveen Kumar N
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Amrita School of Engineering,Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,
Coimbatore, India
n [email protected]
Abstract—This document is a model and instructions for and organizational editing before formatting. Please note sec-
LATEX. This and the IEEEtran.cls file define the components of tions III-A–III-E below for more information on proofreading,
your paper [title, text, heads, etc.]. *CRITICAL: Do Not Use spelling and grammar.
Symbols, Special Characters, Footnotes, or Math in Paper Title
or Abstract. Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text
Index Terms—component, formatting, style, styling, insert has been formatted and styled. Do not number text heads—
LATEX will do that for you.
I. I NTRODUCTION A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
Switch reluctance motor, it is the type of electric motor that Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
operates on the principle of reluctance torque. used in the text, even after they have been defined in the
abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, ac, dc,
II. E ASE OF U SE and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations
A. Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.
The IEEEtran class file is used to format your paper and B. Units
style the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and • Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units
text fonts are prescribed; please do not alter them. You may are encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary
note peculiarities. For example, the head margin measures units (in parentheses). An exception would be the use of
proportionately more than is customary. This measurement and English units as identifiers in trade, such as “3.5-inch disk
others are deliberate, using specifications that anticipate your drive”.
paper as one part of the entire proceedings, and not as an • Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current
independent document. Please do not revise any of the current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often
designations. leads to confusion because equations do not balance
dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state
III. P REPARE YOUR PAPER B EFORE S TYLING
the units for each quantity that you use in an equation.
Before you begin to format your paper, first write and • Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units:
save the content as a separate text file. Complete all content “Wb/m2 ” or “webers per square meter”, not “webers/m2 ”.
Spell out units when they appear in text: “. . . a few • The subscript for the permeability of vacuum µ0 , and
henries”, not “. . . a few H”. other common scientific constants, is zero with subscript
• Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25”, not “.25”. Use formatting, not a lowercase letter “o”.
“cm3 ”, not “cc”.) • In American English, commas, semicolons, periods, ques-
tion and exclamation marks are located within quotation
C. Equations marks only when a complete thought or name is cited,
Number equations consecutively. To make your equations such as a title or full quotation. When quotation marks
more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp are used, instead of a bold or italic typeface, to highlight
function, or appropriate exponents. Italicize Roman symbols a word or phrase, punctuation should appear outside of
for quantities and variables, but not Greek symbols. Use a the quotation marks. A parenthetical phrase or statement
long dash rather than a hyphen for a minus sign. Punctuate at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside of the
equations with commas or periods when they are part of a closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence
sentence, as in: is punctuated within the parentheses.)
• A graph within a graph is an “inset”, not an “insert”. The
a+b=γ (1)
word alternatively is preferred to the word “alternately”
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined (unless you really mean something that alternates).
before or immediately following the equation. Use “(1)”, not • Do not use the word “essentially” to mean “approxi-
“Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the beginning of a mately” or “effectively”.
sentence: “Equation (1) is . . .” • In your paper title, if the words “that uses” can accurately
replace the word “using”, capitalize the “u”; if not, keep
D. LATEX-Specific Advice using lower-cased.
• Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
Please use “soft” (e.g., \eqref{Eq}) cross references
“affect” and “effect”, “complement” and “compliment”,
instead of “hard” references (e.g., (1)). That will make it
“discreet” and “discrete”, “principal” and “principle”.
possible to combine sections, add equations, or change the
• Do not confuse “imply” and “infer”.
order of figures or citations without having to go through the
• The prefix “non” is not a word; it should be joined to the
file line by line.
word it modifies, usually without a hyphen.
Please don’t use the {eqnarray} equation environ-
• There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation
ment. Use {align} or {IEEEeqnarray} instead. The
“et al.”.
{eqnarray} environment leaves unsightly spaces around
• The abbreviation “i.e.” means “that is”, and the abbrevi-
relation symbols.
ation “e.g.” means “for example”.
Please note that the {subequations} environment in
LATEX will increment the main equation counter even when An excellent style manual for science writers is [7].
there are no equation numbers displayed. If you forget that,
you might write an article in which the equation numbers skip F. Authors and Affiliations
from (17) to (20), causing the copy editors to wonder if you’ve The class file is designed for, but not limited to, six
discovered a new method of counting. authors. A minimum of one author is required for all confer-
BIBTEX does not work by magic. It doesn’t get the biblio- ence articles. Author names should be listed starting from left
graphic data from thin air but from .bib files. If you use BIBTEX to right and then moving down to the next line. This is the
to produce a bibliography you must send the .bib files. author sequence that will be used in future citations and by
LATEX can’t read your mind. If you assign the same label to indexing services. Names should not be listed in columns nor
a subsubsection and a table, you might find that Table I has group by affiliation. Please keep your affiliations as succinct as
been cross referenced as Table IV-B3. possible (for example, do not differentiate among departments
LATEX does not have precognitive abilities. If you put a of the same organization).
\label command before the command that updates the
counter it’s supposed to be using, the label will pick up the last G. Identify the Headings
counter to be cross referenced instead. In particular, a \label Headings, or heads, are organizational devices that guide the
command should not go before the caption of a figure or a reader through your paper. There are two types: component
table. heads and text heads.
Do not use \nonumber inside the {array} environment. Component heads identify the different components of
It will not stop equation numbers inside {array} (there your paper and are not topically subordinate to each other.
won’t be any anyway) and it might stop a wanted equation Examples include Acknowledgments and References and, for
number in the surrounding equation. these, the correct style to use is “Heading 5”. Use “figure
caption” for your Figure captions, and “table head” for your
E. Some Common Mistakes table title. Run-in heads, such as “Abstract”, will require you
• The word “data” is plural, not singular. to apply a style (in this case, italic) in addition to the style
provided by the drop down menu to differentiate the head from R EFERENCES
the text. Please number citations consecutively within brackets [1].
Text heads organize the topics on a relational, hierarchical The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply
basis. For example, the paper title is the primary text head to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use “Ref. [3]”
because all subsequent material relates and elaborates on this or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence:
one topic. If there are two or more sub-topics, the next “Reference [3] was the first . . .”
level head (uppercase Roman numerals) should be used and, Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the ac-
conversely, if there are not at least two sub-topics, then no tual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was
subheads should be introduced. cited. Do not put footnotes in the abstract or reference list.
Use letters for table footnotes.
H. Figures and Tables Unless there are six authors or more give all authors’ names;
do not use “et al.”. Papers that have not been published,
a) Positioning Figures and Tables: Place figures and even if they have been submitted for publication, should be
tables at the top and bottom of columns. Avoid placing them cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for
in the middle of columns. Large figures and tables may span publication should be cited as “in press” [5]. Capitalize only
across both columns. Figure captions should be below the the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and
figures; table heads should appear above the tables. Insert element symbols.
figures and tables after they are cited in the text. Use the For papers published in translation journals, please give the
abbreviation “Fig. 1”, even at the beginning of a sentence. English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language
citation [6].
TABLE I
TABLE T YPE S TYLES
R EFERENCES
[1] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of
Table Table Column Head Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil.
Head Table column subhead Subhead Subhead Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, April 1955.
copy More table copya [2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol.
a Sample of a Table footnote.
2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.
[3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange
anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New
York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.
[4] K. Elissa, “Title of paper if known,” unpublished.
[5] R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. Name
Stand. Abbrev., in press.
[6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,” IEEE
Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, August 1987 [Digests 9th
Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].
[7] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: Univer-
sity Science, 1989.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT