Intro to JDBC

Dr.S.Nagender Kumar
 Outline
• JDBC introduction
• JDBC Drivers
• Quick primer on relational databases
• Basic steps in using JDBC

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 JDBC Introduction
• Provides a standard library for accessing
relational databases
• JDBC API standardized
– Way to establish connection to database
– Approach for initiating queries
– Method to create stored (parameterized) queries
– The data structure of query result (table)
• Determining the number of columns, looking up
metadata, etc. 3
 JDBC Drivers
• JDBC consists of two Java Application
JDBC API
parts JDBC Driver
Manager
JDBC Driver API
– JDBC API, a purely Java- JDBC-ODBC Vendor specific
Bridge JDBC Driver
based API
Vendor specific
– JDBC Driver Manager ODBC Driver

• Communicates with
Access SQL DB2 Oracle MySQL Sybase
vendor-specific drivers Server
that perform the real
communication with the
database
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 Types of JDBC Drivers
• Open Data Base Connectivity – ODBC
– Developed by Microsoft for the Windows platform & applications to
access Microsoft databases (SQL Server, Access etc.)
– Has become an industry standard
• Most database vendors supply native ODBC and JDBC drivers
• Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge
– Translate JDBC into ODBC and use Windows ODBC built in drivers
• Type 2: Native API, partially java
– Converts JDBC to database vendors native SQL calls
• Type 3: JDBC Network Driver, partially java
– Translates JDBC to a DBMS independent network protocol
– Typically talks directly with a middleware product which in turn talks
tothe RDBMS e.g. Jaguar, DBAnywhere, SequeLink
• Type 4: 100% Java
– Converts JDBC directly to native API used by the RDBMS 5
 Relational Databases
• A relational database is comprised of tables
• Each table represents a relation = collection of
tuples (rows)
• Each tuple consists of multiple fields
(columns)
Basic SQL Commands - Queries

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/basic-sql-statements/
 Basic Steps in Using JDBC
Demo 1
• Load the driver
– Not required from Java 6
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
• Define the Connection URL
• Establish the Connection
• Create a Statement object
• Execute a query
• Process the results
• Close the connection
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 Define the Connection URL
• A database connection is defined with a connection string
• Connection string contains information such as database
type, database name, server name, and port number
• Syntax of a MySQL connection string

jdbc:mysql://[host1][:port1][,[host2][:port2]]...[/[database]]
[?propertyName1=propertyValue1[&propertyName2=propert
yValue2]...]

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ebookshop?useSSL=false&useUni
code=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacy
DatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
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 Establish the Connection
• Get the main connection

*****

• Optionally, look up info about the database DatabaseMetaData

dbMetaData = connection.getMetaData();
String productName =
dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductName();
String productVersion =
dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductVersion();
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 Further steps
• Create a Statement Demo 2
– A Statement is used to send queries or commands

• Execute a Query
– statement.executeQuery("SELECT ... FROM ...");
• returns a ResultSet
– statement.executeUpdate("UPDATE ...");
– statement.executeUpdate("INSERT ...");
– statement.executeUpdate("DELETE...");
– statement.execute("CREATE TABLE...");
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– statement.execute("DROP TABLE ...");
 Execute a Query - continued
String query = "insert into books values (1006, 'Fog and Edge
Computing: Principles and Paradigms', 'Rajkumar Buyya and ', 113,
50)";

• If we repeatedly executing query or update

where format stays consistent, but only values
change
– Statement is inefficient
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 PreparedStatement
Demo 3
• Make a placeholder

• PreparedStatement is significantly faster with

most drivers and databases
• Notice the index of inserter starts from 1
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 Process the Result
• executeQuery with Select SQL statement returns a ResultSet
• resultSet.next()
– Cursor goes to the next row
– Returns false if no next row
• resultSet.getString("columnName")
– Returns value of column with designated name in current row, as a String
– Also getInt, getDouble, getBlob, etc.
• resultSet.getString(columnIndex)
– Returns value of designated column
– First index is 1 (ala SQL), not 0 (ala Java)
• resultSet.beforeFirst()
– Moves cursor before first row, as it was initially
– first() moves the cursor to the first row
– Similarly for last() and afterLast() 14
• resultSet.absolute(rowNum)
 Process the Result - continued
Demo 4
• Query is

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 Close the connection
• When totally done, close the database
connection
connection.close();
• However, opening a new connection is
typically much more expensive than sending
queries on existing connections
• Many JDBC drivers do automatic connection
pooling
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 Transaction support
• A transaction is an atomic unit of database
operations against the data
• The effects of all the SQL statements in a
transaction can either be committed or rolled
back
con.setAutoCommit(false);
st.executeUpdate()
st.executeUpdate()
con.commit(); //con.rollback();
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 Batch updates
• Use batch updates when we need to update
data with multiple statements
con.setAutoCommit(false);
st.addBatch("DROP TABLE …);
st.addBatch("CREATE TABLE …);
st.addBatch("INSERT INTO …);
st.addBatch("INSERT INTO …);
int counts[] = st.executeBatch(); 18