Final Exam-Assignment-1

60 marks
1. A centrifugal pump is used to supply a highly viscous fluid to a chemical plant. The chemical
plant is located at a height of 20 m from the pumping station level. The flow rate required to
be pumped is 0.005 m3/s. The pipe diameter used for pumping is 30 cm and the total length of
the pipeline is 50 m. The pipe exits to atmospheric conditions. Compute the Reynolds number
and determine whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. Determine the pressure that should be
delivered by the pump at its exit in order to maintain the flow. Also compute the power input
for the pump assuming a pump efficiency of 100 %. Take the viscosity of the fluid to be
0.01Pa.s. Take the density of the fluid to be 1500 Kg/m3. (5 marks)

2. Consider a 2-dimensional incompressible flow field. The vertical component of velocity for
the flow field is given by 2y. The pressure at (x, y) = 0,0 is given by 3 bar absolute. The density
of the fluid is 1.2 Kg/m3. Find. a) x-component of velocity; b) acceleration at point (x, y) = 2,1;
c) pressure gradient at the same point; d) pressure gradient along the x-axis; e) check whether
the flow is irrotational; f) find the potential function; g) find the stream function; h) equation
for streamline and sketch few streamlines. (10 marks)

3. A wind tunnel testing of an automobile has been carried out on a 1:6 scaled down model. The
air properties are same for the model and the prototype. The prototype velocity is 48 Km/hr.
For dynamically similar condition, the model drag is 320 N. Estimate the drag on the prototype
and the power required to overcome this drag. (5 marks)

4. Write the generalized Reynold Transport Theorem for a moving control volume with velocity
‘V’. The absolute velocity of the fluid flow is ‘U’. Consider a jet of water issued from a channel
with volume flow rate ‘Q’, velocity ‘V’ and jet width ‘d’ striking an inclined plate as shown in
the below figure. The plate is curved at the upper leg and flat with an inclination at the lower
leg. The jet strikes at the middle of the plate and splits the water flow rate into two equal halves
in both the legs of the plate (Q/2 flow rate in each leg). There is a hole of width “d/4” in the
lower leg of the plate as shown in the below figure. A quarter of the flow rate passing through
the bottom leg of the plate is escaping through this small hole. Estimate the force required to
keep this system in equilibrium without any motion (The net horizontal and vertical forces).
Assume the span of the system into the paper as ‘b’. (10 marks)

Q/2
Jet Fx
Q d
Q/2 Fx
d

d/4

30 0
5. The draft tube of a Francis turbine has a crazy shape as shown in the below image. For some
testing purpose, the draft tube is attached to the bottom of a very large water column. The
height between the free surface of the water column and the draft tube axis is 3 m. Experiments
are carried out to find the critical throat diameter (D4) at which cavitation begins to appear in
the piping system. Evaluate the critical diameter at section-4 (D4) above which the cavitation
may start to appear in the piping system. Assume that the fluid is water at 400 C. The vapor
pressure chart for water at various temperature is shown below. Assume the flow exits to
atmosphere and the water column is having infinite supply of water. Also, assume frictionless
flow through all pipes (Inviscid). Whether after the critical dimeter at section-4, cavitation will
first occur at section-1, section-2 or section-3 in the pipe line.
Consider a second scenario for the same pipe system (same dimensions as given in Fig.1) where
the exit pipe diameter is kept well below the critical diameter obtained from the above
calculation. Let us denote this as case-2. Students can assume a reasonable value of diameter
(D4) which should be clearly stated in the answer sheet. Now compute the critical pressure
(above atmosphere) that can be applied above the water column free surface, such that
cavitation will start to occur in the pipe system. (15 marks)

P0=?

3m 3m

D3=25 mm D3=25 mm

D4 =? D4
D1=40 mm D2=75 mm D1=40 mm D2=75 mm
=Assume
Case-1 Case-2

6. A uniform oil flow enters a pipeline at a flow rate of 0.05 m3/s. The diameter of the pipeline is
15 cm. It is well known that a boundary layer will develop during the initial portion of the duct
and will eventually reach to a fully developed flow. Use the concepts learned in the flat plate
boundary layer theory to predict the developing region length (entrance length) or the length
after which fully developed flow prevails. The consideration of flat plate boundary layer theory
for the present problem will results in some error in predictions. List the reasons for this error.
Take density= 890 Kg/m3 and dynamic viscosity as 0.288 Pa.s. (4 marks).

*Hint: Fully developed boundary layer occurs when the boundary layer from the top and
bottom wall merge at centreline.
7. Consider an inverted manometer as shown in the below figure. If PB - PA = 97 kPa, what must
the height H be in cm? (4 marks).

8. Water in a dam is held by a gate ‘XYZ’ with following shape. XY is a horizontal gate and YZ
is an inclined gate with both hinged at Y. Compute the critical water depth ‘h’ up to which the
gate can stay in equilibrium and after which it opens. The gate width is 2 m into the paper.
Draw the free body diagram and mark all the forces acting on the system. (7 marks).
Z

X Y
30 0
20 cm
h

1m