GR 8 His CH 1 Notes 2024-25
GR 8 His CH 1 Notes 2024-25
GR 8 His CH 1 Notes 2024-25
KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN
1. How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in
police report?
The information in police reports tells us only about what officials thought, what they were
interested in and what they wished to preserve for prosperity. However, the information from
old newspapers tell us about the feelings and actions of other (common) people of the country.
2. What do official records not tell? How do we come to know about them?
Official records do not always help us to understand what other people in the country felt.
a) For that we have diaries of people, accounts of pilgrims and travelers, autobiographies of
important personalities, and popular books etc.
b) With the spread of printing press, newspapers came to be published and issues began to be
debated in public. Leaders and reforms wrote to spread their ideas, poets and novelists wrote to
express their ideologies.
3. How did the British conquer India and establish their rule?
The British conquered India in the following ways:
a) They subjugated local Nawabs and Rajas
b) They established control over the economy and society collected revenues to meet all their
expenses.
c) They brought changes in rulers and tastes, customs and practices.
d) Thus, they molded everything in their favour and subjugated the country very soon.
4. What did the British do to preserve important official documents and letters?
The British felt the need to preserve all the important official documents and letters. For this, they
set up record rooms attached to all administrative institutions. The village tahsildar’s office, the
collectorate, the commissioner’s office, the provincial secretariats, the law courts – all had their
record rooms. The British also established specialized institutions such as archives and museums to
preserve important records.
1. What is the problem with the periodization of Indian history that James Mill offers?
James Mill has divided Indian History into three periods – Hindu, Muslim and British. James
Mill’s views have several defects given below:
a) According to his telling of history, before the British came to India, Hindu and Muslim despots
ruled the country.
b) According to his view, all Asian societies were at a lower level of civilization when compared
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to Europe.
c) Religious intolerance and superstitious practices dominated social life before the British came
to India.
d) He felt that only British rule could civilize India.
III. Assignment