TEST 3

SECTION 1 Questions 1 — 10
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Riverdale Pre-school
Example
Children: 20 in a class

Classes: First group - Mrs. Oliver

Second group - Mrs. 1 .....................
Hours &Days: Suzie will attend 3 days a week for a total of 2................hours

Activities: Outside time

- running, playing, or something quieter
- just got a new piece of equipment
- intend to make a 3

Indoors
- this year, 4..................activities are popular
- they hear a 5....................every day

Fees: Now costs 6$........................per term

Fees include:
- a trip to a 7.................this year
- chance to take home a 8................every week

Do not forget: • Put a 9................., in Suzie's bag

• Arrange a visit; phone number: 10..................
 SECTION 2 Questions 11-20
Questions 11-15
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ORA NUMBER for each answer.
11 Special conditions may apply to............students looking for a job.
12 The university Job Centre is located on the...............Campus.
13 The Job Centre remains open until. ..... ........every evening.
14 The only day the employment lawyer is available is................
15 The university. .. .. ....... ...regularly advertises new jobs.
Questions 16-20
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
16 At present, the university is offering part-time work
in A its offices.
B the IT centre.
C the car parks.

17 Local employers visit the university

A only in the first
term. B twice a term.
C throughout the year.

18 According to the speaker, a part-time job can

A lead to a full-time job after graduation.
B provide a useful work record for the future.
C give the chance to develop team-work
skills

19 Students who work part-time

A will be taxed.
B will be paid every week.
C will need private insurance.
20 Part-time student workers are advised to
A give notice in writing.
B communicate by email.
C have a mobile phone.
SECTION 3 Questions 21 - 30
Ouestion 21 - 26
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
Research Project
21 How did John choose the topic of his research project?
A He thought the information would be useful for town planning.
B He has a special interest in the use of public services.
C He read about a similar study which had been done earlier.
22 During his research, John is expecting to find that
A The use of public services has altered very little.
B A group of people has changed its habits.
C The most frequently used facility is the library.
23 What is the problem with using official records?
A They may be lacking in detail.
B They may not be readily available.
C They may be difficult to analyse.
24 What does the tutor think about John using a questionnaire to get information?
A He needs to do a course in questionnaire design first.
B He should use this method instead of looking at public records.
C He will find the practice he gets useful the following year.
25 Which new variable does John agree to add to his investigation?
A Occupation
B Income group
C Qualifications
26 How many questionnaires will John distribute?
A The same number as in the previous study
B A greater number than he needs for analysis
C The number recommended in the project guidelines
Ouestion 27 - 28
Choose TWO letters, A-E
Which TWO strategies will John use to encourage people to fill out his questionnaire?
A Using simple language
B Delivering the questionnaires in person
C Making the questionnaires anonymous
D Providing return envelopes
E Trialing the questionnaire on friends

Questions 29 and 30
Choose TWO letters, A-
E.
Which TWO pieces of advice does the tutor give John about his questionnaire?
A There should be a mixture of question types.
B Some questions should elicit personal information.
C There should be an introduction to explain the survey's purpose.
D A telephone number should be provided for queries.
E The questions should only take a few minutes to answer.

SECTION 4 Questions 31 - 40

Questions 31-33
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Driverless vehicle competition
31 Undergraduates from both the engineering school and the
department can definitely take part in the project.
32 The automated vehicles will have to avoid obstacles such as
33 The tutor mentions one vehicle which used technology such as
lasers, and laptops to measure its surroundings.

Questions 34 - 36
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
34 The purpose of holding the race is to
 A Interest students in careers in industry.
B Help provide finance for universities.
C Find useful new design features.
35 The tutor says success will depend on
A The software design.
B Good, solid construction.
C Sophisticated mechanisms.
36 This year’s competitors were surprised that the
vehicles A Were so easy to design.
B Were as successful as they were.
C Took such a short time to
construct.

Questions 37-40
Complete the table below.
Write ONE WORDS ONLY for each answer.

Schedule

Early May Introductory 37....................about the project

Essay giving information about relevant 38...............and

Late May
experience

June Visit to a factory

Workshop

September • discuss 39

• learn to use design package

December Submission of initial designs

January Selection of the 40

 TEST 3
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading
Passage 1 on pages 2 and 3.

An important language development

Cuneiform, the world's first known system of handwriting, originated some 6.000 years
ago in Summer in what is now southern Iraq. It was most often inscribed on palm-
sized, rectangular clay tablets measuring several centimetres across, although
occasionally, larger tablets or cylinders were used. Clay was an excellent medium
for writing. Other surfaces which have been employed — for example, parchment,
papyrus and paper —are not long — lasting and are easily destroyed by fire and water.
But clay has proved to be resistant to those particular kinds of damage.

The word ‘cuneiform' actually refers to the marks or signs inscribed in the clay. The
original cuneiform signs consisted of a series of lines — triangular, vertical, diagonal
and horizontal. Sumerian writers would impress these lines into the wet clay with a
stylus —a long, thin, pointed instrument which looked somewhat like a pen. Oddly, the
signs were often almost too small to see with the naked eye. Cuneiform signs were
used for the writing of at least a dozen languages. This is similar to how the Latin
alphabet is used today for writing English, French, Spanish and German for example.

Before the development of cuneiform, tokens were used by the Sumerians to record
certain information. For example, they might take small stones and use them as tokens
or representations of something else, like a goat. A number of tokens, then, might
mean a herd of goat. These tokens might then be placed in a cloth container and
provided to a buyer as a receipt for a transaction, perhaps five tokens for five animals.
It was not that different from what we do today when we buy some bread and the clerk
gives us back a piece of paper with numbers on it to confirm the exchange.

By the 4th century BCE, the Sumerians had adapted this system to a form of writing.
They began putting tokens in a container resembling an envelope, and now made of
clay instead of cloth. They then stamped the outside to indicate the number and type
of tokens inside. A person could then ‘read' what was stamped on the container and
know what was inside.

Gradually, Sumerians developed symbols for words. When first developed, each
symbol looked like the concrete thing it represented. For example, an image which
resembled the drawing of a sheep meant just that. Then another level of abstraction
was introduced when symbols were developed for intangible ideas such as ‘female'
of
‘hot' or ‘God'. Cuneiform, in other words, evolved from a way used primarily to track
and store information into a way to represent the world symbolically. Over the
centuries, the marks became ever more abstract, finally evolving into signs that looked
nothing like what they referred to, just as the letters ‘h-o-u-s-e' have no visual
connection to the place we live in. At this last stage in the evolution of cuneiform, the
signs took the form of Pringles, which became common cuneiform signs.

As the marks became more abstract, the system became more efficient because there
were fewer marks a ‘reader' needed to learn. But cuneiform also became more
complex because society itself was becoming more complex, so there were more ideas
and concepts that needed to be expressed. However, most linguists and historians
agree cuneiform developed primarily as a tool for accounting. Of the cuneiform tablets
that have been discovered, excavated and translated, about 75 percent contain this
type of practical information, rather than artistic or imaginative work.

Cuneiform writing was used for thousands of years, but it eventually ceased to be used
in everyday life. In fact, it died out and remained unintelligible for almost 2.000
years. In the late 19th century, a British army officer, Henry Rawlinson, discovered
cuneiform inscriptions which had been carved in the surface of rocks in the Behistun
mountains in what is present-day Iran. Rawlinson made impressions of the marks on
large pieces of paper, as he balanced dangerously on the surrounding rocks.

Rawlinson took his copies home to Britain and studied them for years to determine
what each line stood for, and what each group of symbols meant. He found that in the
writing on those particular rocks every word was repeated three times in three
languages: Old Persian, Elamite and Babylonian. Since the meanings in these
languages were already known to linguists, he could thus translate the cuneiform.
Eventually, he fully decoded the cuneiform marks and he discovered that they
described the life of Darius, a king of the Persian Empire in the Sth century BCE.

Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 Cuneiform tablets were produced in different shapes and sizes.
2 When Sumerian writers marked on the clay tablets, the tablets were dry
3 Cuneiform was often difficult to read because of its size.
4
A number of languages adopted cuneiform.
5
Cuneiform signs, can be found in some modern alphabets.

Questions 6-13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONL Y from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 6-13 on your answer sheet,
The development and translation of cuneiform
Before cuneiform
• tokens, for example, 6.............were often used
• the first tokens were kept in containers made of 7.... ........ ........
• tokens were used as a 8...............to give when selling something
By 4th century BCE
• tokens were put in a container that looked like a clay 9.............
Complex, abstract symbols developed
• at first, signs looked like what they indicated, e.g. 10...............
• then signs became more abstract
• eventually, cuneiform signs shaped like 11.....................were developed
• according to experts, cuneiform was mainly used for 12...... ............
19th-century translation of cuneiform inscriptions by Henry Rawlinson
• Rawlinson found cuneiform inscriptions in the Behistun mountains
• Rawlinson copied inscriptions onto 13...... .... ....
• Rawlinson realised that each word of the inscriptions appeared in different
languages
• When translated, Rawlinson found the writings were about a 5th-century BCE
king
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which ere based on Redding
Passage 2 on pages 6 and 7.

Children's comprehension of television advertising

A In 1874, long before the advent of (Turow, 1981). Today, the number
television, the English Parliament of channels received in the average
passed a law to protect children US home has escalated with the
‘from their own lack of experience diffusion of cable television and
and from the wiles of pushing satellite technologies. In this new
tradesmen and moneylenders' multi-channel era, there are
(James, 1965). The act is one of numerous national program
the earliest governmental policies services devoted exclusively to
to address children's vulnerability children. Naturally, these channels
to commercial exploitation and was deliver significant amounts of child-
produced before major oriented marketing messages.
corporations earned huge profits by Although parent may be pleased
marketing products directly to that their youngsters can now
children. Yet the issues underlying watch children's programming at
this 19th-century policy remain any hour of the day, they may not
much the same in the 21st century. recognize that such viewing
B Television has long been the opportunities entail much greater
predominant medium that exposure to advertising than any
advertisers have chosen for previous generation of youth has
marketing products to children. It is experienced.
estimated that the average child D Approximately 80% of all
sees more than 40.000 television advertising targeted at children falls
commercials a year, most of which within four product categories: toys,
are 15 to 30 seconds in length cereals, candies, and fast-food
(Kunkel, 2001). According to restaurants (Kunkel et al, 1992).
another estimate, children aged 14 Commercials are highly effective at
years and under make $24 billion in employing specific features
direct, purchases and influence designed to attract children's
$190 billion in family purchases, attention. For example, they use
underscoring the high stakes the strategy of introducing unique
involved (McNeal, 1987). sound effects and rapidly moving
A number of factors have images (Greer et al, 1982). The
contributed to an unprecedented other most common persuasive
growth in both the amount and type strategy employed in advertising to
of advertising directed at children. children is to associate the product
First and foremost among these are with playfulness and happiness,
changes in the media environment. rather than to provide any actual
In decades past, television product-related information (Kunkel
programming targeted at children et al, 1992). For example, a
was limited and relegated to time commercial featuring Ronald
slots unpopular with their parents, McDonald dancing, singing, and
such as Saturday mornings smiling in McDonald's restaurants
 without any mention of the actual to the sponsor is a long-standing
food products available reflects a practice that often misleads the
playful or happy theme. This consumer (Geis, 1982).
strategy is also found frequently F Very young children do not
with cereal ads, which often include recognize that there are two
cartoon characters to help children fundamentally different categories
identify the product. In contrast, of television content: programs and
most commercials fail to mention commercials. Most children below
even the major grain used in each the age of 4 or 6 exhibit low
cereal. awareness of the concept of
E Another common feature of commercials, frequently explaining
advertising to children is the use of them as if they were a scene in the
product disclosures such as program itself. Once this confusion
’batteries not included’ or ’each part diminishes, children first recognize
sold separately’. Studies make the difference between programs
clear that young children do not and commercials based on either
comprehend the intended meaning affective (‘commercials are funnier
of these disclaimers. For example, than TV programs’) or perceptual
fewer than one in four kindergarten (‘commercials are short and
through second grade children programs are long') cues (Blatt et
could grasp the meaning of ’some al, 1972).
assembly required’ in a
G Although most children’s programs
commercial. In contrast, the use of
indicate that a commercial break
child-friendly language such as
is coming (e.g. by saying ’We'll be
’you have to put it together’ more
right back after these messages'),
than doubled the proportion of
research reveals that these
children who understood the
‘separators’ generally do not help
qualifying message (Liebert et al,
children to recognize advertising
1977). The phrase ’part of a
content (Palmer & McDowell,
balanced breakfast' is also a
1979). This likely occurs because
frequent disclosure included in
they are not perceptually distinct
most cereal ads to combat the
from the adjacent programming
concern that sugared cereal holds
that surrounds them; in fact, many
little nutritional value for children.
separators feature characters that
Research shows that most children
appear in the same show that the
below age 7 years have no idea
commercial has just interrupted.
what the term ‘balanced breakfast'
When an ad includes one of the
means (Palmer & McDowell, 1981).
characters featured in a program,
Rather than informing young
this is known as host-selling. This
viewers about the importance of a
type of advertising makes the task
nutritious breakfast, this common
of discriminating between program
disclaimer actually leaves many
and commercial content
children with the misimpression
particularly difficult for young
that cereal alone is sufficient for a
children (Kunkel, 1988) and is
meal. This pattern of employing
thus restricted in the US by the
creative terminology in advertising
Federal Communications
content so as to obscure certain
Commission during children's
information that might be unhelpful
programs.
H In sum, because young children
 lack the cognitive skills and abilities more mature audiences, and are
of older children and adults, they do therefore uniquely susceptible to
not comprehend commercial advertising influence.
messages in the same way as

Questions 14-18
Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 a description of recent innovations in TV broadcasting
15 a mention of the main goods and services advertised to children
16 a reference to a current limitation on television advertising aimed at children
17 two techniques used to encourage children to watch TV commercials
18 a type of advertisement that may make children believe the opposite of what is
true

Questions 19-22
Look at the following statements (Questions 19-22) and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher(s). A-H
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.
19 Ads often aim to teach children that a brand is fun rather than telling them about
what is being sold.
20 Originally, children's programmes were only broadcast when adults rarely
watched TV.
21 Children have a significant impact on what adults buy.
22 Tests showed that children can follow information if simple words are used.
List of Researchers
Kunkel
A
Kunkel et al
B
McNeal Turow
C
D
 C F G Greer et al Liebert et al
H Palmer & McDowell
Geis

Questions 23-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
How very young children perceive commercials
Children below the age of 4 or 6 do not understand the difference between television
programmes and commercials. In fact, these children often mistake an advertisement
for a 23.............. from the programme they are watching. This is despite the fact that
children's TV programmes usually include announcements called 24..................to
show that there is going to be a commercial break. The problem is made more
difficult because of a technique called 25....................Whereby a person or cartoon
figure from the programme is used to sell a product during the commercial break.
From the age of 4 or 6, children begin to realise that commercials are different from
TV programmes; for example, they may recognise that there is a difference in length
or that advertisements are 26..................than actual TV.

READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading
Passage 3 on pages 10 and 11.
A New Voyage Round the World
A very old travel hook that holds an unusual place in
English literature
Part travelogue, part historical record of The wealth and novelty of Dampier's
the Caribbean pirates, part scientific descriptions, combined with the highly
treatise, A New Voyage Round the counts of his comrades', escapades,
World was William Dampier's account proved so popular with a public hungry
of his twelve-year series of journeys for tales of discovery and adventure that
around the globe from 1679 to 1691. A New Voyage went into its third reprint
within a year of publication. So completed a more extended voyage to
ground- breaking was Dampier's Java, where he began to learn the art of
account that the writers Swift and navigation. Returning briefly to
Defoe were inspired to create two of Somerset, a neighbour offered Dampier
the most famous books in the English a position overseeing his plantation in
language, Gulliver’s Travels and Jamaica, which he took up for a time,
Robinson Crusoe. but he soon returned to sea on a trading
Dampier's commentators have voyage among the Caribbean islands.
portrayed him as an unusual, not to From the viewpoint of posterity, the
say peculiar, man. Notwithstanding his most significant aspect of this time
undoubted qualities as an observer, he was that, as plantation manager,
has been variously characterised as Dampier first started to keep a journal.
aloof, arrogant, hot-tempered and a Although Dampier wrote several
weak leader of men. When he arrived books, A New Voyage Round the World
on the western coast of Australia, he is the most important and it is worth
promptly elected to leave and head considering just why this text met with
north out of dislike for the cold of more such success. Certainly, the book
southerly latitudes. This physical would not have done so well purely on
sensitivity has often been seized on by the merits of Dampier's findings
his detractors, who point out that, as a regarding meteorology and natural
result, Dampier missed out on history, even though they broke new
becoming the name forever associated ground at the time. What appealed
with the European discovery of more to book buyers of this era was
Australia, that honour instead going to his narrative of life among the pirates of
Captain James Cook some 80 years the Caribbean islands, whom he joined
later. Yet it should be remembered for several years after leaving
that he was able to endure a never- Jamaica. These tales of adventure
ending plague of discomforts and among rogues and villains who had no
ailments in the tropics. And once, regard for the law sparked widespread
wrecked off Ascension Island in the interest among his countrymen back
South Atlantic Ocean, he managed home. More important even than this,
with his crew to survive for five weeks however, it is the superb nature of
without help, living entirely on turtles Dampier's prose, and his ability to
and goats. communicate so vividly that raised the
What of his early life, then? Dampier book above the common lot.
was born in 1651 in Sornerset, England, Dampier himself admits in the
the son of a tenant farmer, George, and book's preface that he received help
his wife Ann. His birthplace, Hymerford with the writing of the book, and other
House, stands to this day. His parents evidence exists to suggest that he was
died before he reached seniority and his assisted by an unknown source. But
guardians apprenticed the young whatever outside assistance he may
William to a ship's captain, the boy have had, the book still has certain
having shown very early inclinations to problems. In particular, his
see the world'. There was nothing in his observations about nature are
childhood to set Dampier apart from the sometimes roughly dropped into the
numerous other young boys who were narrative at very odd junctures and
sent to sea at this time. these asides can sometimes interrupt
Having made brief passages to the flow of the story Dampier himself
France and Newfoundland, he
kept his observations about nature treasure chest that a more astute
entirely separate from the main body of financial operative might have acquired.
his travels, and we should therefore He died in 1715, aged sixty-three, in
hold James Knapton responsible, as he Colerman Street, London.
was in charge of checking and revising We have then a man of myriad and
Dampier's text, and his publishing colourful parts, and perhaps not always
company brought the finished book to a the easiest of sailors to get along with
wider audience. because of his arrogance and hot
Dampier's life has been chronicled temper. But to dwell on these aspects
in full by numerous biographers, and I today is to miss the point: it is A New
refer the reader in particular to Clennell Voyage Round the World that should
Wilkinson's excellent (and sadly out-of- provide the most illuminating and
print) 1929 biography, as well as the entertaining of Dampier's legacies.
recent portrait by Anton Gill. In short, Above all, the text is studded with some
despite wide acclaim for his writing, wonderfully colourful expressions, and
Dampier was not blessed in the art of readers will enjoy some of the finest
wealth accumulation Travelling with the descriptions of storms in the English
pirates, while providing subsistence language, and the liberal wit
and adventure, never netted him the throughout.
Questions 27-31
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
27 Which of the following best summarises the writer's point in the first
paragraph?
A Dampier's book does not fall into a single category.
B Readers were not interested in books on the subject of travel.
C Today's readers do not appreciate the style of Dampier's writing
D Dampier sailed round the world more quickly than anyone
before.
28 The writer refers to Swift and Defoe in order to
A provide information regarding Dampier's sources.
B compare Dampier to two earlier writers.
C give an example of Dampier's
influence D highlight two of Dampier's critics
29 Dampier left the western coast of Australia because
A. He wanted to get to the north before Cook arrived
B. He found the temperature there unpleasant
C. He had problems with his crews
D. He requested medical attention
30 What does the writer more about Dampier in the second paragraph?
A. He could cope with physical hardship
B. He was a more adventurous explorer than Cook was
C. He had a kind personality than he is given credit for
D. He was calm in a crisis
31 What information is given about Dampier's early life?
A. He had a difficult relationship with the people looking after him
B. He was different from other youths who went to see
C. He wanted to travel from a young age
D. He came from a family of sailors
Questions 32-35
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I below.
Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.

The Text of A New Voyage Round the World

The success of the book cannot solely be attributed to the originality of Dampier's 32
............... Readers of the time were fascinated with his stories of the time he spent
with outlaws and his colorful way of writing. It seems certain that Dampier worked on
the book with a mystery 33.............. Some aspects of A New Voyage Round the
World are problematic, descriptions of 34................. were inserted into the account
of Dampier's adventures in a way that distracted the reader. It seems that the
responsibility for the final version of the book lies with the 35..............

A. Detailed
D. Editor G. The crew
illustrations
E. Writer H. Artist
B. Traveller
F. Scientific I. Plain
C. Nature
observations language

Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage
3 In the boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the

information NO if the statement contradicts the
information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

36 Many people wrote biographies of Dampier as a result of personal contact with him
37 Dampier was skilled at making money
38 Dampier’s patience was represented by the writer
39 A New Voyage Round the World is considered as one of the most modern books
40 Dampier supervised his neighbour's plantation in Jamaica