zenon manual

Load Management
v.8.20
© 2020 Ing. Punzenberger COPA-DATA GmbH

All rights reserved.

Distribution and/or reproduction of this document or parts thereof in any form are permitted solely
with the written permission of the company COPA-DATA. Technical data is only used for product
description and are not guaranteed properties in the legal sense. Subject to change, technical or
otherwise.
Contents

1 Welcome to COPA-DATA help ............................................................................................................... 5

2 Load Management ..................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Initial situation in the electricity industry.................................................................................................6
3.2 Aims of an economic management ...........................................................................................................6
3.3 Gas grid ................................................................................................................................................................7

4 How the system works when electricity is used as the power source .......................................... 7

5 Principal thoughts ...................................................................................................................................... 8

5.1 Options in order to influence the output in the electrical power area ........................................8
5.2 Power consumption characteristics of devices ................................................................................... 10

6 Load management method ....................................................................................................................10

6.1 Input values ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
6.2 The model for the short term prognosis .............................................................................................. 11
6.2.1 Calculation of the correction power .............................................................................................................. 12
6.2.2 Actual value and real value forecast .............................................................................................................. 13
6.2.3 Lowering the supply limit .................................................................................................................................. 13
6.3 Operating principle of the obtaining rule ............................................................................................ 14
6.3.1 Output determination for the devices .......................................................................................................... 14
6.3.2 Switching process ................................................................................................................................................. 17
6.4 Overlapping of schedule inputs ............................................................................................................... 19

7 Multi-level combined heat and power plants (CHPs) ..................................................................... 20

7.1 Set value processing at CHPs .................................................................................................................... 20
7.2 Planned switchings for CHPs ..................................................................................................................... 21
7.3 Priorities of CHPs ........................................................................................................................................... 21
7.4 Time-dependent restrictions for CHPs .................................................................................................. 21
7.4.1 Running time according to level switching ................................................................................................ 22
7.4.2 Expiration of the delay time .............................................................................................................................. 23
7.5 Manual operation of CHPs ......................................................................................................................... 24

8 Engineering of the module Load Management ............................................................................... 24

 8.1 Minimum requirements ............................................................................................................................... 26
8.2 Load Management: Detail view of toolbars and context menus ................................................. 27
8.2.1 Context menu for power grids ........................................................................................................................ 28
8.3 Data for load management ........................................................................................................................ 31
8.4 Grids .................................................................................................................................................................... 32
8.5 Supply area....................................................................................................................................................... 33
8.6 Device Group ................................................................................................................................................... 34
8.7 Generator .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
8.7.1 Switching steps ...................................................................................................................................................... 38
8.8 Devices ............................................................................................................................................................... 39
8.9 Locking times .................................................................................................................................................. 40
8.10 Create Load Management screen ........................................................................................................... 41
8.11 Engineering the screen switch function ................................................................................................ 43
8.12 Create function start/stop .......................................................................................................................... 46
8.13 Engineering switching operations preview .......................................................................................... 48
8.13.1 Column settings for the switching operations preview ......................................................................... 49
8.13.2 Switching preview in the Runtime .................................................................................................................. 51

9 Internal state of the components .........................................................................................................51

10 Creation of the Runtime files ................................................................................................................ 54

11 Operation of the load management in Runtime ............................................................................. 54

Welcome to COPA-DATA help

1 Welcome to COPA-DATA help

ZENON VIDEO TUTORIALS

You can find practical examples for project configuration with zenon in our YouTube channel
(https://www.copadata.com/tutorial_menu). The tutorials are grouped according to topics and give an
initial insight into working with different zenon modules. All tutorials are available in English.

GENERAL HELP
If you cannot find any information you require in this help chapter or can think of anything that you
would like added, please send an email to [email protected].

PROJECT SUPPORT
You can receive support for any real project you may have from our customer service team, which
you can contact via email at [email protected].

LICENSES AND MODULES

If you find that you need other modules or licenses, our staff will be happy to help you. Email
[email protected].

2 Load Management
The Load Management is a tool for the support of the economical management. It is for
implementation of energy supply management for small and medium-sized power supply companies
and also for industrial firms whose energy supply is arranged by special contracts.

The module includes two high-quality functions to support the user:

 Forecast (short-term forecast): To avoid load peaks and to automate load shedding.
 Optimization: Optimization of the averaged energy consumption of a billing period.

The focus is on energy-related electrical equipment.

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Introduction

PROJECT MANAGER CONTEXT MENU

Menu item Action

Export all as XML Exports all entries as an XML file.

Import XML... Imports entries from an XML file.

Help Opens online help.

3 Introduction
The task of a Load Management is to optimize the operation of customers with special contracts, such
as energy supply companies or industrial companies. Energy trend calculations are used as a
significant aid; these serve as the basis for automated optimization of energy consumption.

3.1 Initial situation in the electricity industry

As a ruler in the energy industry a rate is used which includes both the investments of the provider
and the arising costs for power generation and grid maintenance.

In order to set the price, these companies normally take into consideration a number of the peak
power consumptions which arose over the year. The determination of the average power
consumption takes place in a fixed measuring time, normally 15 to 30 minutes. In addition the price
also includes the received power. Contracts concluded on this basis are valid on the long term.

3.2 Aims of an economic management

The aim of the economic management when using electricity as power source is to receive as much
energy as possible from your provider for a price as low as possible (optimization).

Potential savings come along when expensive peak power consumptions are avoided. The peak
power consumptions during a measuring period can be avoided by pointedly controlled
interventions.
 Load shedding at switchable devices
 Input of own generators

In order to do this, it is necessary to anticipate the average power consumption of a measuring

period (prediction). Thus a threatening violation of the set limit can be recognized timely and an
appropriate intervention can be carried out.

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How the system works when electricity is used as the power source

3.3 Gas grid

The Load Management module only supports electricity grids from zenon 7.50.

The gas grid functionality has been removed. When importing, converting and compiling zenon
projects from earlier versions, a corresponding message is shown in the output window of the zenon
Editor if there is still some project configuration content for gas grids.

A corresponding CEL entry is created when starting it in zenon Runtime.

NOTICE TEXT

For project configurations with gas grid content, the following message is shown in the output
window of the zenon Editor:

The functionality gas grid of the module Load Management is no longer supported and will not be
imported.

4 How the system works when electricity is used as the

power source
The measuring period for the supply with electrical power is normally 15 or 30 minutes. During this
time, the average power received at the transfer point (from here on it is referred to as power or
load) or the equivalent amount of energy, is determined and recorded.

The price is usually fitted to the three highest values which accrued for the measuring periods in
different months. The price is then valid on the long term.

The average power which is used to calculate the price can be reduced when corresponding peak
power consumptions are limited due to pointedly controlled interventions. This short term
optimization can be achieved by the following interventions:
 Load shedding at switchable devices
 Increasing input of own generators

The aim of this optimization is to not exceed the contractual set limit for the power in a measuring
period under no circumstances. Additionally, the energy consumption should stay very close below
the set limit in order to receive as much energy as possible.

The consumption optimization is performed by way of a short-term trend calculation. The measured
values which were gathered during the handling interval (typically 30, 60 or 180 seconds) are used to
perform a trend analysis. The calculated trend is projected to the end of the period.

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Principal thoughts

5 Principal thoughts
The following chapter deals with thoughts and examples which make it easier for the user to indentify
and select changeable elements of your plant. The question is what elements and devices can be
influenced by the Load Management directly or indirectly in a sensible way.

5.1 Options in order to influence the output in the electrical

power area
Option Description

Directly switchable devices Devices which can be switched off briefly without interrupting
any production processes are part of this group (industrial
furnaces, pumps for water storages etc.).

The loads have a fixed value. In general the are depended on

the device and therefore known of measureable.

Direct heatings Because of their storage effect, these device can be switched off
briefly without decreasing the quality of supply significantly
(heating in warm water storages, electrically operated floor
heatings etc.).

The loads consist of a consistent part and a part which is

temperature-dependent. Additional the load is dependent on
how long the device was switched off.

Monovalent heat pumps In general these pumps are operated in the same way as direct
heatings.

The temperature-dependent part is more distinctive and rise

with falling outside temperatures (pumps used for generating
heat including air conditioners) or rises with rising outside
temperatures (air conditioners). The load is dependent on how
long the device was switched off.

Bivalent heat pumps These can choose between fuels they use. Beneath a certain
temperature they are switched to a different fuel by their control
unit of by the optimization.

At that no supply constraints emerge for the devices. These

components are only switched in the long term and restrictively
because the switching should not take place constantly.

When the temperature falls, the load increases up to the

switching point. There it vanishes completely.

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Principal thoughts

Option Description

Night storage heatings These devices are supplied with energy according to schedule
or if there is any needed output during low rate periods. They
are switched off during the remaining time.

The load depends essentially on the outside temperature. It is

noticeable how many heatings are switched on (this is limited by
the installed power) and how long they are charged.

Peak load aggregates and These aggregates are switched on/off as required. In some
emergency power aggregates cases these aggregates are controllable. Because start-up
entails additional costs due to wear, the number of uses should
be limited. In addition these aggregates should run for a
minimum time in order to avoid thermal damages.

Combined heat and power These aggregates were primarily built to generate heat and are
units (CHPs) controlled by the heat demand during their operation (heat
priority).

Some aggregates can be directly used to generate electric

power (electric power demand). In general this operational
mode is inefficient if the generated heat is not used at the same
time. Therefore the use is only beneficial if the heat demand is
corresponding or there is a possibility to store the heat.

The load reduction with regard to the take over point depends
on the nominal size and for controlled or heat demand
controlled aggregates from their working point.

It is quiet common to combine aggregates to groups.

According to the heat demand, a certain quantity from the
group is used. The maximum power lowering in the electrical
power area is given by the number an nominal power of the
used aggregates.

Lowering the voltage In the electrical power area it is possible to lower the voltage in
some grids. In order to achieve this, the transformers to the
medium voltage level are switched to a lower level.

The voltage-dependence of the devices (ohmic load) causes

another load demand provided that the voltage or output is not
adjusted by subordinated controls.

The load reduction is dependent on the grid load, on the

possible lowering of the voltage (minimum voltages must be
adhered to) and on the composition of the devices.

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Load management method

5.2 Power consumption characteristics of devices

In order to reconstruct the actual needed output, models must be used which represent the power
consumption of the switched off components. These models are allocated to different classes.
Type Description

Constant output When switched on, an aggregate (pump, furnace) runs with a
previously defined power consumption. Accordingly the
output is reduced by the amount of the power consumption
when the device is switched off. In this case it is enough to
indicate the nominal power as a constant.

Directly temperature-dependent The temperature dependence of the devices is directly

dependent of weather effects and rises with thermal output
approximately proportional to the negative gradient of the
outdoor temperature.

With respect to cooling capacity the behavior inverses itself.

Loading period model At that the temperature makes itself felt with the size of the
switch-on output and the length of the following loading
period until the output drops when all heat stores are full.

Dependence on the switch-off At that several devices - because of the temporary cool
time down or warm up - are switched on dependent on the
previous switch-off time. After a short period of time they
switch themselves off again.

Dependent on the production In the industry sector behavior can occur - caused by
process production processes - which are subject to no behavior
patterns or dependencies. These can only be determined by
the production schedules.

6 Load management method

The Load Management for electrical energy (electric current) is based on a time line analysis. At that
the measured output progress is analyzed and extrapolated to the future. The forecast horizon of the
Load Management corresponds to the remaining time of the measuring period.

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Load management method

6.1 Input values

As input value the Load Management expects a value from a counter or a calculated value which is
supplied by the drivers or the result of the calculation of a mathematical formula in zenon.

Attention: It must be made sure that the value is supplied exactly one time in the update interval.
Values must not be absent or be there twice.

THE DIMENSION: MW, KW OR KWH

The system is designed on the basis of kW and hour. Therefore all power and energy amounts which
must be entered in parameterization masks refer to these dimension. Internally the Load Management
functions calculate without the dimensions. Thus it does not really matter in what dimensions the
values are delivered and interpreted as long as they refer to the same basis. The base unit can be
either kW or MW.

Information
Because the Load Management is a component which can cause high costs if it
fails, it is very important the input values are secured. It is recommended that
values for this module are secured by using sensible alternate values or an
alternate value strategy.

6.2 The model for the short term prognosis

For the projection of the current power progress it is necessary to design a mathematical model of
the power progress. By extrapolation of the power progress of this model over the remaining time of
the billing period, the expected power value at the end of the period is estimated.

POWER TREND
At the end of the period T the power P prog (T) is to calculate. In order to calculate the current power
trend, a linear function in the form of a polygon is used, which is extrapolated to the end of the
period.
P prog (T) = P const (t) + P trend (t) * ( T - t )

The mathematical polygon factors p0, p1 are named after their physical meaning in order to make it
easier to understand.
Factor Description

P prog prognosticated power value

P const Power constant (value of the last values)

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Load management method

Factor Description

P trend Power trend (linear ascent(descent)

D Point in time of the end of the measuring period

t current time

ENERGY TREND
Deducted from this the energy trend up to the end of the period E(T) can be calculated with the
function
E prog (T) =P aver (t) * t + P const (t) * (T - t) + ½ * P trend (t) * (T - t)

Factor Description

E prog prognosticated energy value

P aver average power value

The first addend describes the determined energy up to the time t. The energy can be either
determined by the average power value as described in the formula or is given as a direct calculated
energy value E(t).

The second addend continues the present constant power to the end of the period and calculates the
constant energy amount from that.

The third addend describes the additional influence of the trend.

Concerning the energy calculation for the actual billing a value is necessary which is set back exactly
at the beginning of the measuring period. Therefore it is not possible to use externally filtered values.

From the formula mentioned above the average value at the end of the period is determinable.
P prog aver (T) = E prog (T) / T

Parameters Description

P prog aver prognosticated average power value

6.2.1 Calculation of the correction power

Within the current measuring period, the following can be obtained with average power being
maintained: P limit = agreed limit n.
This corresponds to, over the measuring period T, the energy quantity E limit = P limit * T.

The amount of energy obtained exceeding / going below the usage E corr = E prog (T) - E limit is
determined by comparing this energy with the energy expected at the end of the period E prog (T).

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Load management method

Amounts above or below can be offset by means of appropriate switching.

In doing so, please note: At the point in time t, only the remaining time (T - t) is available. A greater
corrective action P corr (t) = E corr / (T - t) is thus required.

6.2.2 Actual value and real value forecast

The forecast is carried out for several trends in the Load Management module.
 The first trend considers the power consumption. This trend calculates the ascent of the
power requirement as actual value forecast.
 A second trend factor considers the switchings which have taken place in the past.
 A third trend factor calculates the influence of the switchings which will take place in the
future.

The trend functions are laid on top of each other and result in the real value forecast. It describes the
actual power consumption to the end of the billing period which is to be expected.

6.2.3 Lowering the supply limit

As the load trend can never be exactly predicted and as there are usually deviations of the switchable
loads, it is necessary to go slightly below the actual supply set value for security reasons.

This is why there is a percentage of Safety distance [%] for the supply limit during parameterization,
which must be undershot before connections are triggered.

Digit Description

1 Supply limit (set value)

2 Safety distance

3 Deactivate hysteresis

4 Activate hysteresis

5 Hysteresis for switching

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Load management method

Around this limit a hysteresis can be built with the help of Activate hysteresis [%] and Deactivate
hysteresis [%] . In doing so the Activate hysteresis [%] eliminates a part of the Safety distance
[%].

Attention
Take care that Activate hysteresis [%] is in any case smaller than the Safety
distance [%]. Otherwise the system reacts too late if the agreed limit is
exceeded

6.3 Operating principle of the obtaining rule

CLOSED LOOP OPERATION

Normally the obtaining rule is applied in the Closed Loop operation. There switch on and switch off
times are calculated in accordance with the results of the optimization part. The switching is triggered
directly by the corresponding switching commands.

Information
In the Load Management module the immediate switching points do not have to
be used at the devices. You can decide whether you want to make direct
switching possible or whether switching must be cleared by the user first.

Attention
The unchecked use of the closed loop operation necessitates an intensive pilot
stage. At that all switchings which are then done by the control must be checked
by the user. This pilot stage must be adjusted to the size and complexity of the
system. It is possible that the pilot stage lasts up to one year.

6.3.1 Output determination for the devices

The output determination for the devices is especially important with regard to the assessment of the
effect caused by switchings. The problem is that the output of the switched off devices cannot be
measured directly and must sometimes be estimated.

In the system two mechanisms are implemented in order to determine the output

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Load management method

 Fixed value by parameterization

The value (e.g. the nominal power) is considered by the optimization as fixed and is always
available.
 Measuring the current value.
The value is measured and zenon describes this value with the help of a variable in the
devices.

The initial value for the output of the device is determined with a polling of the variable value during
the beginning of the optimization. In order to compensate errors due to fluctuations, the optimization
calculates a gliding average value using the consecutively arriving measurements.

Information
If a component is switched off when the optimization starts, its output is
presumed as zero. Thus the SCADA function cannot determine a valid output
value as prerequisite for the use of the component. The component must be
switch on by hand once.

Attention
As long as not at least one value has arrived, the output value of the component
is not known and cannot be used for the optimization.

6.3.1.1 Primary factors

THE AMOUNT OF THE ENERGY

In general the device selection is determined by the amount of energy which can be switched on or
off.

If the requested amount of energy cannot be reached exactly, it is treated as a minimum value at a
switch-off request and a maximum value at a switch-on request. The consumption limits can thus be
safely adhered to.

Information
During the Runtime the amount of energy can be adjusted dynamically with the
help of a variable.

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Load management method

AVAILABILITY
The availability controls if the device is usable in general. The availability can be set manually and is
always set back when the component cannot be used because of operational reasons (e.g. at
overhauls) or when the optimization should not use it.

Conditions which arise during the process can also determine the availability of the component and
control its use by the optimization.

Info
In the Runtime, the availability can be amended dynamically with the help of a
variable. For example time tables with respect to the availability can be
implemented with the help of a scheduler or the Production & Facility Scheduler.

6.3.1.2 Secondary factors

LOCK TIMES AND RELEASE TIMES OF THE DEVICES

With the help of the lock times you can control during which times the components are not available
for the optimization. The times which are not designated as lock times represent the release times.

Attention
During the lock times the components are not influenced by the optimization -
or only in the released direction. Thus the components remain in the state they
had reached at the end of the release time.

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM SWITCHING TIMES

You can specify the minimum and maximum time for the single switch states (on/off) for each used
device and generator. The time indicates what time period must have elapse at least in order to
trigger a switching in the opposite direction.

This parameter is important for aggregates because in order to avoid thermal damages and damages
caused by soot they must not be switched off right after they were switched on. Thus for example a
certain amount of time must have passed after the heating groups had been activated before they
switch on.

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Load management method

SWITCHING FREQUENCY
If devices and generators can only be switched a limited number of times in a certain time period, the
components are no longer switched when this number is exceeded. Beside the number of switchings
a time period must also be defined in order to carry out the parameterization.

Example
Maximum 25 switchings in 12 hours

SWITCHING PRIORITIES
The switching of the components is planned in accordance with a priority schedule. At that switch-on
and switch-off priorities are listed separately. The user can determine the priorities in accordance with
the operation requirements. The component with the highest priority (highest numerical value) is
switched first.

If there is a requirement to switch the components in a sorted order by having the device that was
switched on first be the one switched off last, a number pattern must be applied to all components:
ascending for the first switch-on and descending for the last switch-off.

Information
If several devices have the same priority in one plant, the Load Management
automatically ensures that on average all devices of the same level are switched
equally often.

6.3.2 Switching process

The term switch-off request on the part of the optimization always refers to the reaction of the device
which decreases the needed output and therewith the obtained output because it is switched-off.
Therefore the request for the switch-off can be fulfilled by switching on an aggregate.

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Load management method

PROCESSES DURING A SWITCHING

Digit Description

1 Pre-warning on

2 Output order ON

3 Delay time for switch-on

4 Pre-warning off

5 Output order OFF

6 Delay time for switch-off

DELAY TIME FOR THE SWITCH-ON (SWITCH-ON DEAD TIME)

Equals the time period from activating the switching order until the nominal power is reached.

This time - dependent on the aggregate - can be quite long; e.g. starting up the aggregate und
synchronization, rearwards controlled heating etc.

DELAY TIME FOR THE SWITCH-OFF (SWITCH-OFF DEAD TIME)

Time period from activating the switching order until the output is zero. You must add the time of the
activation of the switching order to the time when the total output is zero.

FOREWARN TIME FOR THE SWITCHING-ON AND THE SWITCHING-OFF

(LENGTH OF FOREWARN TIME)
The switching times are planned to a second in order to exactly control the amount of energy. In
order to give the user the opportunity to adhere to the times in the open-loop operation a certain

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Load management method

lead time to carry out the switching is necessary. This is defiend by Advance warning time. Hereby
the user receives information about switchings which are planned before they are actually carried out.

Attention
As the Load Management module assumes that the switchings are carried out,
the suggested switchings should be carried out in the corresponding time in
respect to the exactness of the forecast.

TACTIC OF THE SWITCHING SCHEDULE

In general the switching selection happens in a way that as few switchings as possible are carried out.
This calms the grid operation and keeps up the availability of the devices whose use are limited by a
maximum of switchings. In addition conflicts are minimized which can occur at the command output
of the switchings.

The use of components with a much higher output than that is used for the correction is possible by a
specific time control. The components are used for such a short time that the compensate the
needed output.

SUPPRESSED SWITCHINGS AT THE BEGINNING OF A MEASURING PERIOD

At the beginning of a measuring period it is possible that larger switchings are carried out or large
deviations to the actual output average value are set in order to compensate large amounts of
energy at the end of the period. That is way it is necessary at the beginning of the period to give the
system the opportunity to adjust itself to the new circumstances.

That is why a Down time begin tariff interval can be engineered in the system. During this time the
optimization doe not carry out any switchings.

Attention
If for a long time no response is received for a switch command which was
issued by the EMS (on the response variable), the Load Management assumes
that the action failed und tries to carry out another switching (on the next
available component). Therefore you must always ensure that the correct
response about the success of a switchng operation is transferred to the Load
Management.

6.4 Overlapping of schedule inputs

The switching of aggregates and devices according to fixed times with the help of the Scheduler or
the Production & Facility Scheduler is possible with several applications. As there is not explicit link

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Multi-level combined heat and power plants (CHPs)

between these modules and the short term optimization, these switchings are not monitored in
regard of the output trend. They are also not displayed in the trend of the obtained output. They are
interfering in the short time optimization with regard to its result.

In order that these interferences do not have radical effects, external switchings should be engineered
in a way that they take place at period change. If this is not possible, they should be scheduled right
after a period change so that the interfering influence on the control can still be compensated. These
switchings should be finished within the Down time begin tariff interval and the influence of the
switching on the input value should be present.

7 Multi-level combined heat and power plants (CHPs)

Multi-level CHPs can be regarded as one component. It is possible to describe CHPs with 2 to n
levels.

The CHPs are controlled by a set value. Additionally different output levels can be defined which this
set value can take on. The actual output of the CHP is registered by a measurement (variable) and
sent to the Load Management.

Attention
A CHP is only available for the Load Management when it has reached its
nominal power. The availability flag is set accordingly by the engineering. The
Load Management cannot switch off the CHP but only switch it to its nominal
power.

7.1 Set value processing at CHPs

The number of values which the set value can become equals the number of the defined levels. The
value which the set value can become always equals exactly one of the defined values for the levels.
The Load Management does not allocate another number to the set value.

The initialization is carried out with the currently measured output. If this value does not equal a
defined level, the next smaller level is allocated. The CHP is treated as unavailable as long as the
measured output does not match a level. If the measured output is disturbed, the CHP is not available
and the set value is initialized as recently as a valid measured value arrives.

As a measured output does not have to equal a set value exactly, a hysteresis is defined around the
set value. A level counts as reached or set as soon as the current output value is within the hysteresis
of the given set value. The hysteresis can be defined for each CHP individually.

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Multi-level combined heat and power plants (CHPs)

The defined levels must not be skipped when allocating the set value. The Load Management
appoints the set value only to the next higher or lower level.

A set value input is only carried out if the CHP shows an explicit level (considering the hysteresis) at
that time. Otherwise the CHP is not available because the measured value does not equal a level.

7.2 Planned switchings for CHPs

When planning the set value inputs for a CHP, the conditions for the set value inputs must be taken
into consideration. If several levels of a CHP are necessary in order to cover the output, keep in mind
that it is only possible to switch from one level to the next level when executing a switching schedule.
At that the set value inputs for each level must be in accordance with the delay times for the
switch-on and switch-off of each level.

Attention
You must consider that the forewarning is only given at a defined level setting.
Thus you must regard the length of the forewarning time for the individual levels
when creating the switching schedule.

7.3 Priorities of CHPs

A CHP has a fixed switch-on and switch-off priority. The values can be controlled by variables. Thus
priorities can be controlled flexible. The takeover of a new priority takes place at the next rate interval
change.

The priorities are not set for each level individually but are valid for the whole CHP.

If a least two CHPs have the same priority, the rolling priority procedure is used. A more important
condition for CHPs with same priority is that they are set to the same level if possible or that they
differentiate by one level at the most. The prerequisite for this is that both the switch-on priority and
the switch-off priority of these CHPs is the same.

The internal reference counter for the number of switchings is incremented when the CHP is switched
on. This is exactly the case when the current output passes over from one level to the next higher
level. At devices using electrical current the reference counter is incremented when the component is
switched off. Thus within one priority level the switching between two CHPs is compared to the
switch-on and switch-off of a device.

7.4 Time-dependent restrictions for CHPs

CHPs need special care with regard to their time behavior. The Load Management must consider
special requirements at a level switch and at delay times while the CHP are running.

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Multi-level combined heat and power plants (CHPs)

7.4.1 Running time according to level switching

The minimum and maximum running time of CHPs must be set for each level. Instead of four times
for a component (minimum switch-on time, minimum switch-off time, maximum switch-on time and
maximum switch-off time) there are only two times - minimum and maximum runtime per level - in
order to describe a CHP with levels.

The minimum running time (switch-on time) of a level indicates how long the CHP has to run at the
least on this level. After a level is reached, the optimization must wait at least this amount of time
before a new set value input can be made for the next lower level.

The maximum running time of a level indicates how long a CHP is allowed to run on this level at the
most. With the exception of the lowest level (nominal power), the CHP is switched to the next lower
level after this time expires. At that a level counts as active even if the CHP actually runs on a higher
level. The maximum running time of the individual levels must be attuned to other restrictions with
regard to minimum running time and forewarning. Thus a timely switch to a lower level is possible.
The optimization must also prevent set value inputs to a higher level when the maximum running
time cannot be adhered to e.g. because of the minimum running time of the higher level.

Information
Manual switching can cause violations of the defined restrictions. These are
intercepted by the Load Management.

For the lowest level (nominal level) the maximum running time has a different meaning than for the
other levels. The maximum running time of the lowest level indicates how long a CHP is allowed to
run on this level alone at the most. After that the CHP must be switched to the next higher level.

EXAMPLE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL LEVELS:

Step 0 1 2 3 4

Performance 100 200 300 400 500

minimum switch-on time (in seconds) -- 60 60 60 60

Forewarn time (in seconds) -- 210 0 0 0

Delay time for switch-on (in seconds) -- 30 30 30 30

Delay time for switch-off (in seconds) -- 30 30 30 30

Minimum value for the maximum switch-on time (in 210 240 180 120 60
seconds)

The times which must be entered in the parameterization for the switch-on or switch-off always refer
to the level for which they are entered. This means that the switch-off time which is parameterized for

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Multi-level combined heat and power plants (CHPs)

one level is considered if a "switching" is carried out from this level to the next lower level. The
switch-on time is considered if a "switching" is carried out from a lower level to this level.

As the lowest level represents the CHP running with nominal power, no information for minimal
running time, forewarn time, delay time for switch-on and delay time for switch-off is necessary.

The minimal allowed values for the maximum switch-on times of each level are as follows:
 For the first level:
Forewarn time of the next higher level
 For the last level:
maximum/minimum switch-on time, forewarn time of the last level
 For all other levels:
maximum/minimum switch-on time, forewarn time of next higher level
+ delay time for switch-on for the next higher level
+ minimum value for the maximum switch-on time of the next higher level
+ forewarn time of the next higher level
+ delay time for switch-off for the next higher level

If for one CHP the maximum switch-on time for one level is below the calculated minimum value for
the maximum switch-on time, the CHP is treated as not available and a corresponding availability
identification is set for the readiness.

7.4.2 Expiration of the delay time

A set value remains at a certain level until that level is reached or until the defined delay time has
passed. In case the delay time expires, the set value is re-initialized according to the currently
measured performance. This requires determining the level of the current performance. The following
cases can apply:
 The current performance value matches the old level:
The set value did not have any effect and is therefore reset to the old value.
 The current value does not match any level:
There can be a check whether the current performance has approached the new set value.
In that case, the configured set value can be kept; otherwise, it must be reinitalized.
 The current value matches another level:
The performance of the CHP has changed in contrast to the set value input. This corresponds
to a manual switch despite availability for the Load Management. See Manual switch (on
page 24) for further steps.

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Switching plans to the next levels must be revised or exchanged if the previously configured set value
of a switching action for a CHP was not reached. For any further switching actions, different
components will be preferred.

7.5 Manual operation of CHPs

If a measured value of the current output without set point input is outside of the level set by the
Load Management, this component is accepted as not available because it is obvious that the Load
Managementis not controlling it at the time.

If a measured value of the current output re-enters the hysteresis area of a defined level, the
difference to the set value is registered and the difference at the level setting is assumed to be
manual operation. The set value is set to the newly identified level.

A recognized manual operation is transmitted to the forecast so that it can be considered in the trend
calculation.

8 Engineering of the module Load Management

The engineering of the Load Management is carried out via a hierarchic tree structure. There
corresponding sub-objects are linked to individual objects depending on their type. Sub-objects are
added by selecting the corresponding menu item in the context menu of the selected node (on page
28).

All objects have property Name and Description. The engineering of the individual objects is carried
out via the property window.

All properties that can be amended in the property window are briefly described in the Property help
window after you click on the respective property name.

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Information
All mentioned or shown properties are only visible if the module Load
Management is licensed. The licensed Load Management module is a separate
element in the project tree. The settings in the Load Management can be made
with the help of this entry.

Attention
Within the Load Management all existing units (grids, device groups, generators,
devices etc.) should have a distinct name in order to ensure the perfect function
of the forecast and the optimization.

Information
All values of variables which are used in the Load Management to state or adjust
time values during the Runtime (e.g. switch-on time variable) are interpreted as
seconds. Therefore a numerical value of 300 corresponds to a time period of 5
minutes (=300 seconds).

In order to ensure the correct functionality of the Load Management, you must create the following
variables for a supply area:
 Current total consumption
 Supply limit
 Start value of estimation
 First switching value
 Estimated error range
 Estimated final consumption
 Last switching value
 Gross actual deviation
 Net actual deviation

Information
Use the "Create and link variables automatically" command menu entry in
the context menu for a supply area. This command automatically creates
variables for the properties listed above and links the variables with the
properties.

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You must at least create the following variables for a generator/device in order to ensure the
functionality of the Load Management.
 Switching state for the generator
 Switching state for the device
 Availability

8.1 Minimum requirements

SUPPLY AREA
For the correct functionality of the Load Management, you must create at least the following variables
for a supply area:
 Current total consumption
 Supply limit
 Start value of estimation
 First switching value
 Estimated error range
 Estimated final consumption
 Last switching value
 Gross actual deviation
 Net actual deviation

Info
You can find the Create and link variables automatically option in the context
menu for a supply area. It automatically creates variables for the properties listed
above and links the variables with the properties. Properties Current total
consumption and Supply limit are an exception. You must create them
manually.

GENERATORS/DEVICES
For the correct functionality of the Load Management, you must create at least the following variables
for a generator/device:
 for the device
 Switching state

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 Standby output variable

or value for property Standby output
 for the generator
 Switching state
 Nominal output variable
or value for property Nominal output
 for the generator and the device
 Availability

8.2 Load Management: Detail view of toolbars and context

menus

Entry Description

New Creates a new object, depending on the position in the tree.

Copy Copies selected element to the clipboard.

Paste Pastes objects from the clipboard.

Delete Deletes selected element after confirmation message.

Export selected as XML... Exports all selected elements as an XML file.

Import XML... Imports objects from an XML file.

Properties Opens the property window for the selected element.

Help Opens the online-help for the Load Management module.

CONTEXT MENUS GRIDS

Entry Description

New power grid Creates a new power grid.

Paste Inserts objects of the type Grid.

Export all as XML Exports all defined grids to an XML file.

Import XML... Imports objects of the type Grid.

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Entry Description

Help Opens the online-help for the Load Management module.

Additional context menus:

Power grids (on page 28)

8.2.1 Context menu for power grids

CONTEXT MENU POWER GRID

Entry Action

New supply area Creates a new supply area.

Copy Copies the selected device group. It is possible to copy several

groups by means of multi-select.

Paste Inserts objects of the type Power Grid.

Delete Deletes the selected device group. It is possible to delete several

groups by means of multiple selection.

Export selected as XML... Exports the selected entries as an XML file.

Import XML ... Imports objects from an XML file.

Properties Opens the properties window.

Help Opens online help.

Supply area context menu

Menu/Entry Description

Generator new Creates a new generator for the selected supply area.

Note: Each supply area receives a new Generator node by default.

Newly-created generators are created as a sub-entry of this node
and can be named.

New device group Creates a new device group for the selected supply area.

Note: Each supply area receives a consumer group node by default.

Newly-created devices are created as sub-entries of this node and
can be named.

Create and link variables Automatically creates all variables that are required for the correct

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Menu/Entry Description
automatically calculation of the module. The variables created this way are
automatically linked to the respective properties (on page 26).

Copy Copies the currently-selected supply area. You cannot copy more
than one supply area at a time (no multi-select).

Paste Pastes content from the clipboard. Supply area objects can be
pasted.

Delete Deletes the currently-selected supply area. It is possible to delete

several supply areas by means of multi-select.

Export selected as XML... Exports the currently-selected supply area. You cannot export more
than one supply area at a time (no multi-select).

Note: Generators or device groups configured in a supply area are

not taken into account for this export.

Import XML ... Imports objects of the type Supply area.

Help Opens online help.

Generator context menu (group)

Menu/Entry Description

Generator new Creates a new generator for the currently-selected supply area.

Note: Each supply area receives a new Generator node by default.

Newly-created generators are created as a sub-entry of this node
and can be named.

Paste Pastes Generator objects from the clipboard.

Export selected as XML... Exports all generators of the supply area

Import XML... Imports objects of the type Generator.

Help Opens the online-help for the Load Management module.

Generator context menu

Menu/Entry Description

Copy Copies the currently-selected generator. It is possible to copy

multiple generators by means of multi-select.

Paste Pastes Generator objects from the clipboard.

Delete Deletes the currently-selected generator. The deletion of several

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Menu/Entry Description
generators using multi-select is possible.

Export selected as XML... Exports the configured generators of the currently-selected device
group. It is possible to export several generators by means of
multi-select.

Import XML... Imports generator objects.

Help Opens the online-help for the Load Management module.

DEVICE GROUP CONTEXT MENU (GROUP)

Menu/Entry Description

New device group Creates a new device group for the selected supply area.

Note: Each supply area receives a consumer group node by default.

Newly-created devices are created as sub-entries of this node and
can be named.

Paste Pastes objects of the type Device group from the clipboard.

Export selected as XML... Exports the device group including all configured devices within the
group.

Import XML... Imports objects of the type Device group.

Help Opens online help.

DEVICE GROUP CONTEXT MENU

Menu/Entry Description

New device Creates a new device in the selected device group.

Copy Copies the currently-selected device group. It is possible to copy

several groups by means of multiple selection.

Paste Pastes objects of the type Device group from the clipboard.

Delete Deletes the currently-selected device group. It is possible to delete

several groups by means of multiple selection.

Export selected as XML... Exports the currently-selected device group. You cannot copy more
than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Import XML ... Imports objects of the type Device group.

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Menu/Entry Description

Help Opens online help.

DEVICE CONTEXT MENU

Menu/Entry Description

Cut No function at the device group.

Copy Copies the selected device group to the clipboard. You cannot copy
more than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Paste Pastes objects of the type Device group, device from the clipboard.

Delete Deletes the currently-selected device group. You cannot delete more
than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Export all as XML Exports all device groups of the selected grid.

Export selected as XML... Exports the currently-selected device group. You cannot copy more
than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Import XML ... Imports objects of the type Supply area.

Help Opens online help.

8.3 Data for load management

The Load Management needs a historic data basis in order to calculate the trend and to perform the
optimization. If no historic data are available for the data points, the Load Management cannot start
the calculation. Therefore no calculated value is displayed for the Estimated final consumption.

At the moment the Load Management has no interface to the Historian. This is not necessary for the
short term optimization. For this the historic data which were recorded via option Harddisk data
storage are enough.

The following settings depending on the period length are recommended for the recording of the HD
data.

NUMBER OF PAST VALUES

As guideline use the following rule-of-thumb:

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The Historic data area which is provided by the Harddisk data storage has to be at least 1.5 times
the size of the corresponding Billing period. If there is not a sufficient amount of data, the
calculation of the optimization is not instigated.

Attention
At the beginning of the Billing period the Load Management needs a Current
total consumption for the displayed supply area. Thereby the new value must
be transferred to the Load Management during the next but one Optimization
cycle, i.e. if the optimization cycle is 30 seconds, the value must be transferred
in the period between 30 an 60 seconds.

If the Load Management does not receive a value in this period, the new
initialization of the Load Management can be carried out during the next billing
period at the earliest.

8.4 Grids
The collective node contains all projects which have been created in the grid but does not offer any
setting possibilities itself.

Options:
Menu/Entry Description

New power grid Creates a new electricity grid.

Note: Only one electricity grid per zenon project can be configured.
This entry is grayed out if another grid has already been configured.

Paste Pastes objects from the clipboard.

Export all as XML Exports all defined grids to an XML file.

Import XML... Imports objects from an XML file.

Help Opens online help.

A unique Name must be issued for each newly-created grid. A free Descriptioncan also be entered
as an option for easier identification.

Information
For each project only 1 power grid can be created or administrated.

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8.5 Supply area

The supply area is the level of the object hierarchy which is used as a basis for the forecast and the
optimization.

Information
In order to start the Load Management for a particular supply area, a function of
the type "Load Management" must be executed which has this supply area as
parameter.

SETTINGS FOR THE SUPPLY AREA OF A POWER GRID

For supply areas the following settings are available:
 Input values: Defines variables for the supply of the current values and the supply limits.
 Calculated values: Settings in order to amend parameters for prediction and optimization in
the Runtime with the help of variables.
 Parameter: Important settings for the optimization of the supply area with direct influence to
the switchings of the Load Management.
 Status information: Setting which variable holds the information about the availability of the
Load Management screen.

All in the respective groups adjustable properties are described in the help window after you click on
them.

CONTEXT MENU ENTRIES

Menu/Entry Description

Generator new Creates a new generator for the selected supply area.

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Menu/Entry Description

Note: Each supply area receives a new Generator node by default.

Newly-created generators are created as a sub-entry of this node
and can be named.

New device group Creates a new device group for the selected supply area.

Note: Each supply area receives a consumer group node by default.

Newly-created devices are created as sub-entries of this node and
can be named.

Create and link variables Automatically creates all variables that are required for the correct
automatically calculation of the module. The variables created this way are
automatically linked to the respective properties (on page 26).

Copy Copies the currently-selected supply area. You cannot copy more
than one supply area at a time (no multi-select).

Paste Pastes content from the clipboard. Supply area objects can be
pasted.

Delete Deletes the currently-selected supply area. It is possible to delete

several supply areas by means of multi-select.

Export selected as XML... Exports the currently-selected supply area. You cannot export more
than one supply area at a time (no multi-select).

Note: Generators or device groups configured in a supply area are

not taken into account for this export.

Import XML ... Imports objects of the type Supply area.

Help Opens online help.

8.6 Device Group

Individual devices are combined in a device group. At that each device group can contain any
number of devices.

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CONTEXT MENU ENTRIES AT THE "DEVICE GROUPS” NODE.

Menu/Entry Description

New device group Creates a new device group for the selected supply area.

Note: Each supply area receives a consumer group node by default.

Newly-created devices are created as sub-entries of this node and
can be named.

Paste Pastes objects of the type Device group from the clipboard.

Export selected as XML... Exports the device group including all configured devices within the
group.

Import XML... Imports objects of the type Device group.

Help Opens online help.

CONTEXT MENU ENTRIES FOR A SELECTED DEVICE GROUP:

Menu/Entry Description

New device Creates a new device in the selected device group.

Copy Copies the currently-selected device group. It is possible to copy

several groups by means of multiple selection.

Paste Pastes objects of the type Device group from the clipboard.

Delete Deletes the currently-selected device group. It is possible to delete

several groups by means of multiple selection.

Export selected as XML... Exports the currently-selected device group. You cannot copy more

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Menu/Entry Description
than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Import XML ... Imports objects of the type Device group.

Help Opens online help.

8.7 Generator
Generators serve to lower the amount of power being obtained from external energy providers.
Basically it is possible to engage each generator or to set it on higher load (Peak performance). An
active generator (switched or on higher load) reduces the current value for power being obtained. An
average figure for the power being obtained is saved in the variable linked in the Current average
consumption property.

For the configuration of a new generator, select the New generator context menu entry in the
selected supply area in the Generator node.

CONTEXT MENU ENTRIES AT NODE "GENERATOR".

Menu/Entry Description

Generator new Creates a new generator for the currently-selected supply area.

Note: Each supply area receives a new Generator node by default.

Newly-created generators are created as a sub-entry of this node
and can be named.

Paste Pastes Generator objects from the clipboard.

Export selected as XML... Exports all generators of the supply area

Import XML... Imports objects of the type Generator.

Help Opens the online-help for the Load Management module.

PROPERTIES
In addition to name and identification, properties can be defined in different groups for the
generator:

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 Capacity/Priority: Defines the basic behavior of pieces of equipment in the electric grid.
 Switching times: Default of different life spans or timely requirements to single pieces of
equipment.
 Switching frequency: Definition of the maximum number of switchings per time unity.
 Switching variables: Variable for the adaption of important parameters during the Runtime.
 Locking Times: Excludes single pieces of equipment of the Load Management from the
optimization.
 Switching Steps: Defines switching levels for combined heat and power units. (on page 38)

All adjustable properties are described in the help window after you click on them.

Attention
The switching priority is regarded by the Load Management taking all equipment
into account. That means the same number circle is applied for generators and
devices. Therefore the priorities for all defined equipment must be considered
because it is not distinguished between generators and devices.

CONTEXT MENU ENTRIES FOR A SELECTED GENERATOR:

Menu/Entry Description

Copy Copies the currently-selected generator. It is possible to copy

multiple generators by means of multi-select.

Paste Pastes Generator objects from the clipboard.

Delete Deletes the currently-selected generator. The deletion of several

generators using multi-select is possible.

Export selected as XML... Exports the configured generators of the currently-selected device
group. It is possible to export several generators by means of
multi-select.

Import XML... Imports generator objects.

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Menu/Entry Description

Help Opens the online-help for the Load Management module.

8.7.1 Switching steps

The CHPs (on page 20) (combined heat and power units) are a special case within the Load
Management. This special type of generators can amend its output in levels. In order to define a CHP,
you can define switching levels for a random device in the Load Management.

Basically you can define under the node Switching Steps settings for the Setpoint variable, for the
current output and for the Hysteresis for each CHP.

For every CHP any number of switching levels can be defined:

Each switching level offers settings for the output, the forewarning of the switching and the switch-on
and switch-off. All adjustable properties are described in the help window after you click on them.

Attention
If switching levels are defined for a generator, these settings overwrite the
standard parameters of the generator. An according warning is displayed during
compiling in the output window. "

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8.8 Devices
In the Load Management devices are the essential components which "use up" energy. By switching
devices on or off the Load Management can interfere in a regulative way. At that it helps to avoid
peak loads.

CONTEXT MENU ENTRIES FOR A SELECTED DEVICE GROUP:

Menu/Entry Description

New device Creates a new device in the currently-selected supply area.

Cut No function at the device group.

Copy Copies the currently-selected device group. You cannot copy more
than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Paste Inserts objects of the type Device group, Device.

Delete Deletes the currently-selected device group. You cannot delete

more than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Export all as XML Exports all device groups of the selected grid.

Export selected as XML... Exports the currently-selected device group. You cannot copy more
than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Import XML... Imports objects of the type Supply area.

Help Opens online help.

PROPERTIES
In addition to name and identification, properties can be defined in different groups for the device:

Capacity/Priority: Defines the basic behavior of pieces of equipment in the electric grid.

Switching times: Default of different life spans or timely requirements to single pieces of equipment.

Switching frequency: Definition of the maximum number of switchings per time unity.

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Switching variables: Variable for the adaption of important parameters during the Runtime.

Locking Times: Excludes single pieces of equipment of the Load Management from the optimization.

All adjustable properties are described in the help window after you click on them.

CONTEXT MENU ENTRIES FOR THE SELECTED DEVICE

Menu/Entry Description

Cut No function at the device group.

Copy Copies the selected device group to the clipboard. You cannot copy
more than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Paste Pastes objects of the type Device group, device from the clipboard.

Delete Deletes the currently-selected device group. You cannot delete more
than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Export all as XML Exports all device groups of the selected grid.

Export selected as XML... Exports the currently-selected device group. You cannot copy more
than one group at a time (no multi-select).

Import XML ... Imports objects of the type Supply area.

Help Opens online help.

8.9 Locking times

For both generators and devices, it is possible to define times in which switchings can be carried out
only partially or not at all. it is possible to state as many lock times as you want.

Ensure that lock times do not overlap one another. If there are time overlaps, it is possible that a
device can no longer be switched by the Load Management module.

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Information
The lock time parameters are set in the project and cannot be changed in the
Runtime.

8.10 Create Load Management screen

The Load Management module is operated in the Runtime by means of a load management screen.

ENGINEERING
Two procedures are available to create a screen:
 The use of the screen creation dialog
 The creation of a screen using the properties

Steps to create the screen using the properties if the screen creation dialog has been deactivated in
the menu bar under Tools, Settings and Use assistant:
1. Create a new screen.
To do this, select the New screen command in the tool bar or in the context menu of the
Screens node.

2. Change the properties of the screen:

a) Name the screen in the Name property.
b) Select Load Management in the Screen type property.
c) Select the desired frame in the Frame property.
3. Configure the content of the screen:
a) Select the Elements (screen type) menu item from the menu bar.
b) Select Insert template in the drop-down list.
The dialog to select pre-defined layouts is opened. Certain control elements are inserted
into the screen at predefined positions.
c) Remove elements that are not required from the screen.
d) If necessary, select additional elements in the Elements drop-down list. Place these at the
desired position in the screen.

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4. Create a screen switch function.

CONTROL ELEMENTS
Control element Description

Insert template Opens the dialog for selecting a template for the screen
type.

Templates are shipped together with zenon and can also be

created by the user.

Templates add pre-defined control elements to pre-defined

position in the screen. Elements that are not necessary can
also be removed individually once they have been created.
Additional elements are selected from the drop-down list
and placed in the zenon screen. Elements can be moved on
the screen and arranged individually.

Forecast window Window to display the forecast

List preview Display of the list preview.

Supply area name Display of the name of the supply area.

Note: Element of the type Dynamic text. Functionality is

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Control element Description

assigned using the Screen type specific action property.

COMPATIBLE ELEMENTS

Control elements that are replaced or removed by newer versions and continue to be available for
compatibility reasons. These elements are not taken into account with automatic insertion of
templates.
Control element Description

Supply area name Static Win32 control element. Was replaced by a dynamic
text field. For the description, see current element.

8.11 Engineering the screen switch function

When creating a screen switch function for a screen of the type Load Management the following
dialog is displayed:

Note: The dialog shown shows the values for a selected electricity grid and supply area, as well for
configured variables. The option fields of the Linked Variable option group are empty by default.

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In the Runtime, the Load Management screen is opened with the help of a screen switch function. The
following parameters can be configured:
Parameter Description

Grids Selection of the grids. Shows the name of the configured grid.

Supply Areas List of configured Supply areas of the selected grid.

The selected supply area is displayed in the Runtime

Only the display of one supply area is possible per zenon. It is

however possible to open several Load Management screens at
the same time. Several supply areas can thus be displayed.

GRAPHICAL DESIGN

In this area, you configure the appearance of the load management screen in the Runtime.
Parameter Description

Current value Display color and line thickness of the current value
in the configured load management screen in
Runtime:
 Color field
Clicking on the color field opens the
dialog to select the display color.
 Width:
Width of the displayed line in pixel.

Axes Display color and line thickness of the axes in the

configured load management screen in Runtime.
 Color field
Clicking on the color field opens the
dialog to select the display color.
 Width:
Width of the displayed line in pixel.

Auxiliary lines Display color and line thickness of the auxiliary lines
in the configured load management screen in
Runtime.
 Color field
Clicking on the color field opens the
dialog to select the display color.
 Width:

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Parameter Description
Width of the displayed line in pixel.

Curves Display color and line thickness of the curves in the

configured load management screen in Runtime.
 Color field
Clicking on the color field opens the
dialog to select the display color.
 Width:
Width of the displayed line in pixel.

Scale minimum Lower limit of the range scale for the display of the
characteristic curve in the configured Load
Management screen in Runtime.

Scale maximum Upper limit of the range scale for the display of the
characteristic curve in the configured Load
Management screen in Runtime.

Font Setting the parameters for the font that is used for
the axis captions and the trend curve in the
Runtime.

Select from drop-down list.

Billing period Time period for display. The value is calculated

after expiry of the configured time interval and is
displayed in the Runtime.

Default: 15 min

LINKED VARIABLES

The configured variables for the corresponding values are shown in this area.
Configuration is not possible in this dialog. Configuration is carried out directly in the properties of the
elements of the module.
Parameter Description

Current value This field is only for display. You cannot change the value. The
value of the variable that is linked in the current power property
for the currently-selected area is linked.

Note: You can find this property in the switching levels

properties group in the node of a consumer.

Current average This field is only for display. You cannot change the value.

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Parameter Description
consumption value
The value of the variable that is linked in the current average
consumption value for the currently-selected device is displayed.

Note: You can find this property in the calculated values

property group in the node of a supply area.

Estimated final This field is only for display. You cannot change the value. The
consumption value of the variable that is linked in the estimated final
consumption for the currently-selected area is displayed.

Note: You can find this property in the calculated values

property group in the node of a supply area.

Estimated average value This field is only for display. You cannot change the value. The
value of the variable that is linked in the estimated average
value for the currently-selected area is displayed.

Note: You can find this property in the calculated values

property group in the node of a supply area.

Estimated average value Field is for information only, the value cannot be changed.
error range The value of the variable that is linked for the estimated average
error value for the currently selected area is displayed.

Note: You can find this property in the calculated values

property group in the node of a supply area.

Supply limit This field is only for display. You cannot change the value. The
value of the variable that is linked for the supply limit for the
currently-selected area is displayed.

Note: You can find this property in the switching levels

properties group in the node of a consumer.

SWITCHING OPERATION
For the configuration of the switching preview, define the filter settings for the display in the Runtime
in the Column settings for the switching operations preview tab. You can find details in chapter
Column settings for the switching operations preview (on page 49).

8.12 Create function start/stop

Optimization must be started separately in the Runtime for each supply area. For this you use the
function Start Load Management.
In order to stop started areas, create the function Stop Load Management.

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Note: These functions are only carried out on the server.

Hint
In order to stop areas according to pre-defined times, you can control the Start
Load Management or Stop Load Management functions with the help of the
Production & Facility Scheduler.
For example: in the night or in certain shifts.

LOAD MANAGEMENT START

Steps to create a function:
 Create a new function
In the toolbar or in the context menu of the Functions node, select the New function
command.
The dialog to select a function is opened.
 In the Application node, click on Start Load Management:
The dialog to select the supply area is opened.

 First select the desired grid from the Grids list.

The available supply areas are listed in the list of supply areas.
 Then select the desired supply area from the list of supply areas.
 Click on the OK button to create the function.

STOP LOAD MANAGEMENT

 Create a new function
In the toolbar or in the context menu of the Functions node, select the New function
command.
The dialog to select a function is opened.

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 In the Application node, click on Stop Load Management:

The dialog to select the supply area is opened.

 First select the desired grid from the Grids list.

The available supply areas are listed in the list of supply areas.
 Then select the desired supply area from the list of supply areas.
 Click on the OK button to create the function.

CLOSE DIALOG
Options Description
OK Applies settings and closes the dialog.

Cancel Discards all changes and closes the dialog.

Help Opens online help.

8.13 Engineering switching operations preview

Planned switching operations can be displayed as a preview in the Runtime.

To configure the switching operations preview in the Runtime:

1. Link a String variable to the desired Load Management supply area with the help of property
Planned switchings (group Status information). The variable receives a list of all planned
switching operations from the Load Management.
Hint: A string variable from the internal driver makes most sense.
For server operation, configure the Calculation property with the Network entry. Thus the
variable is distributed in the whole zenon network. You can find this property in the Internal
Variable variable property group.
2. Configure the content of the switching operations preview. To do this, open the Column
settings for switching operations preview (on page 49) tab in the dialog of the screen switch
function (on page 43) to the Load Management screen.

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3. Paste the switching operations preview element into the Load Management screen.
Note: The table display: switching operations preview element is already contained in the
screen by default:
You can customize color and font using its properties.

LANGUAGE SWITCH

You can switch between languages for all information displayed in the switching operations preview
with the help of the language table.

For this you can define the name for the column titles in the filter dialog (on page 49). If you select a
name such as @Switching time, @Object name or similar, these names are replaced by the
corresponding entries from the language table in the Runtime.

In addition the whole content of the switching operations preview can be replaced:
1. Object names are replaced by putting a @ in front of them during the Load Management
engineering. For example: @Generator1
2. Current value and switching value can either have a numerical content (with CHP steps) or
@On/@Off

8.13.1 Column settings for the switching operations preview

Via the column setting you can define which information is displayed in what order.

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Note: The language of all information displayed in the switching operations can be switched using
the language table:
Select the name with a @ before it, for example @Schaltzeit, so that this can be replaced with the
corresponding language table entries in the Runtime.

In the list field of this tab all available column types are displayed. With the help of a checkbox you
decide which column types are displayed. You can change the description and the width of each
column type by left-clicking the corresponding area and entering the desired value in the input field.
Parameter Description

Column type Type of the column. Cannot be edited. The display in the
Runtime is activated or deactivated by means of a
checkbox.

Description Defines the header of the respective column. You can

configure it as language switchable. The value can be
edited.

Width Defines the width of the column in pixels.

You can also define the width of the column by clicking

and dragging the column with the mouse in the list with
the horizontal display of the column names. The value can
be edited.

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Internal state of the components

Parameter Description

Move selected entry up Moves the selected column up. You can also move the
columns with drag&drop.

Move selected entry down Moves the selected column down. You can also move the
columns with drag&drop.

Field with horizontal display of the Shows the columns which are active in the list. You can
column names define the size of the columns by clicking and dragging the
column borders with the mouse.

Attention
The column width is dependent on the used font. If the column width is not a
multiple of the character width of the used font, the actual column width can
differ from the set column width.

8.13.2 Switching preview in the Runtime

In the Runtime, the switching operations preview screen displays the upcoming switching operations
with time and consequence:

9 Internal state of the components

Internally in the Load Management different states for the components are carried along. This states
can be shown using a variable. We recommend to monitor the states with reaction matrix and e.g. to
evaluate them in the Chronological Event List.

The variable Internal switching state of components can take on the following values:

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Internal state of the components

GENERAL REASONS (VALID FOR ALL COMPONENTS)

Value Description

0 Not used (Booting).

100 Service is possible.

101 No switching request of the peak load forecast.

102 Deactivated until the end of the rate interval.

103 The switching forewarn command is invalid.

104 Not enough time in order to forewarn.

105 The forewarn time has not yet expired.

106 It is not possible to add output at the end of the rate interval because of the
parameterization.

107 The switching state cannot be detected.

200 Delay time has not expired yet.

201 Component is set to "not available.

202 Availability message is invalid.

203 No variable is defined in order to determine the operation state.

204 Parameterization is faulty.

205 Dead time has not expired yet.

206 Report of the current switching state is invalid.

207 No data for the gliding average value of the output are available yet.

208 Current output value is invalid.

209 Is set to "implicit" (schedule medium-term).

210 Text address or value for switch-on priority is invalid.

211 Text address or value for switch-off priority is invalid.

212 Blocking time is active, blocking time type OFF.

213 Blocking time is active, blocking time type ON.

214 Maximum number of switchings has already been reached.

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Value Description

215 Switching command cannot be used.

216 Minimum switching time has not been reached yet.

217 Schedule data have not been written completely yet.

218 General problem.

219 Command variable cannot be used for switching.

220 No command defined for sending the switching forewarning.

221 Extended parameterization for minimum power-on time per time unit not valid.

222 Because of other restrictions, it is not possible to stick to restriction "Adhere to

minimum power-on time per time unit".

223 Switched on implicitly because of "minimum switch-on time per time unit".

250 Variable or value for minimum switch-on time is invalid.

251 Variable or value for minimum switch-off time is invalid.

252 Variable or value for maximum switch-on time is invalid.

253 Variable or value for maximum switch-off time is invalid.

254 Restrictions are not reasonable.

REASONS FOR CHPS (GENERATOR)

Value Description

5000 The current output does not comply with a level output.

5001 CHP does not run below nominal power.

5002 The CHP only has one level can cannot be switched.

5003 The CHP runs with nominal power and cannot be switched down further.

5004 The highest switched on level cannot be switched off because of the minimal
switch-on time per time unit.

5005 The CHP is already running on its highest level.

5006 The variable which is used to measure the current output is invalid.

5007 The forewarning for a level was activated. Waiting for set value input.

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Value Description

5008 The variable for the set value is invalid.

5009 The order of the output guidelines by variables is not ascending.

5010 The value of a parameterized maximum switch-on time of a level is too small.

5011 Maximum running time of a level has been reached. The level is switched off.

10 Creation of the Runtime files

After engineering the functions Start Load Management or Stop Load Management a consistency
check of the engineering is carried out during the creation of the Runtime files. If problems occur, a
corresponding message is displayed in the output window e.g. if necessary variables were not
allocated.

RUNTIME DOES NOT START

If a project cannot be started in the Runtime, it can have the following reasons:
 wrong engineering
 missing license: With the function Start Load Management the license is checked. If the
license is not available, the Load Management does not start and a corresponding entry is
generated in the log.

11 Operation of the load management in Runtime

Screens for the Load Management make it possible to monitor the prediction and switching
operations in the Runtime in the form of a prediction screen.

The single operating elements are positioned in the screen with the help control elements (prognosis
area and the display of the current supply area).

Information
The screen in the Runtime only serves for the display of optimization and
prediction data. No interventions can be carries out in the screen. Parameters of
the Load Management module are exclusively controlled via variables.

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For example a prognosis can look like this:

Digit Description (properties of the supply area)

1 Previous tariff interval

2 Current tariff interval

3 Supply limit

4 First switching value

5 Estimated final consumption

6 Current average consumption value

7 Start value of prediction

8 Last switching value

9 Estimated error range

10 Estimated average value

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Information
With the preview, after an invalid value it is always the second valid value of the
following values that is applied first. If no value change is established, the same
value as the one last received is assumed. This ensures a preview that is as
precise as possible.

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