Blue Print of Maths – 1A Question Paper

Chapters VSAQ(2m) SAQ(4m) LAQ(7m) Total

Functions 2 - 1 11

Mathematical Induction - - 1 07

Matrices 2 1 2 22

Addition of Vectors 2 1 - 08

Product of Vectors 1 1 1 13

T’Ratio’s up to
2 1 1 15
transformations

Trigonametric equations - 1 - 04

Inverse trigonametric
- 1 - 04
functions

Hyperbolic functions 1 - - 02

Properties of triangles - 1 1 11
 MATHS-IA

FUNCTIONS

1. If f : A  B; g : B  C are two bijections then prove that gof : A  B is also a bijection function.

Proof:

Given f : A  B;g : B  C are two bijections

f g
A
B C

a1 f(a1) g(f(a1))

a2 g(f(a2))
f(a2)

(gof)
Let a1 , a2  A  f  a1  , f  a2   B   gof  a1  ,  gof  a2   C
1M
To prove that  gof  : A  C is one-one function:
Now consider
 gof  a1    gof  a2   g  f  a1    g  f  f2  
f  a1   f  a2   g is one one 
a1  a2  f is one one 
  gof  : A  C is one-one function 2M
To prove that  gof  : A  C on to function:
Let c  C
Since f : A  B is onto function
For every b  Ba  A such that f  a   b
1M
Since g : B  C is on to function
For every c  Cb  B such that g  b   c
1M
Let c  C , g  b   c
g  f  a   c  f  a   b 
 gof  a   c
For every c  Ca  A such that  gof  a   c
1M
  gof  : A  C Is on to function
  gof  : A  C Is a bijection function 1M
 1
2. If f : A  B;g : B  C are bijections, then prove that  gof   f 1og 1
C
Proof:

Given
f : A  B Is a bijection
gof
f 1 : B  A Is a bijection g
g : B  C Is a bijection
g 1 : C  B Is a bijection 1M
1
 gof  : C  A Is a bijection……….. (1)
f 1og 1 : C  A Is a bijection………… (2) 1M
A B
From (1) & (2) f
1
 gof  and f 1og 1 have same domain and co-domain 1M
Since f : A  B is on to function
For every b  Ba  A such that f  a   b  a  f 1  b 
1M
Since g : B  C is on to function
For every c  Cb  B such that g  b   c  b  g 1  c 
1M
Let c  C
g  b  c
g  f a  c  f  a   b 
 gof  a   c
1
a   gof  c  ………………… (3) 1M
Let b  B, f  a   b
a  f 1  b 
a  f 1  g 1  c  
a  f 1og 1  c  ………………….. (4)
From (3) & (4)
1
 gof   c   f 1og 1  c 
1M
1
 gof   f 1og 1

3. If f : A  B is a bijection then prove that fof 1  I B and f 1of  I A

B
Proof:

i. To prove that fof 1  I B fof-1

f : A  B Is a bijection f

f 1 : B  A Is a bijection
fof 1 : B  B Is a bijection……….. (1) 1M
B A
f-1
Clearly
By the definition of identity function I B : B  B is an identity function and is defined as

I B  b   bb  B ……………… (2) 1M

From (1) & (2) fof 1 and I B
And have same domain and co-domain
Let b  B
Since f : A  B is on to
b  Ba  A Such that f  a   b
1M
1
fb   a
Consider  fof 1   b    f  f 1  b   

 f a
b
 IB b 

 fof   b   I  b 
1
B

 fof   I
1
B
1M

To prove that fof 1  I A

Given
f : A  B Is a bijection
f 1 : B  A Is abijection
Now
f 1of : A  A Is a bjection…………. (3)
We know that,
By the definition of identity function; I A : A  A is an identity function and is defined as
I A  a   a a  A ………. (4) 1M
From (3) & (4)
f 1of , I A ; have same domain and co-domain
Since f : A  B is on to
b  Ba  A such that f  a   b
f 1  b   a 1M
Let a  A
Consider  f 1of   a   f 1  f  a  
f 1of  a   f 1  b 

f of   a   a
1

f of   a   I A  a 
1
 f of   I A
1
1M

4. Let f : A  B; I A and I B be identity functions on A and B respectively. Then show that

foI A  f  I B of B

Proof:

Given f : A  B is a function……………. (1)

foIA
To prove that foI A  f
f
We know that I A : A  A is an identity function and is defined as
I A a  a a  A
Now foI A : A  B is a function……………………… (2)
From (1) & (2) A A
IA
foI A And f has same domain and co-domain
Let a  A and consider 2M
 foI A  a   f  I A  a  
 f a
foI A  f 1M
To prove that I B of  f
Given f : A  B is a function……………. (3)
We know that
By the definition of identity function I B : B  B is an identity function and is defined as
IB b   b  b  B B
2M
Now
I B : A  B Is a function …………. (4)
From (3) & (4) IBof
I B of And f has same domain and co-domain
Let a  A and consider 1M
 I B of  a   I B  f  a  
 f a
 I B of  a   f  a  A B

I B of  f 1M

5. If f : R  R;g : R  R are defined by f  x   4 x  1 and g  x   x 2  2 then find

 a 1
1) gof  x  2) gof   3) fof  x  4) go  fof  0 
 4 

Ans: Given f  x   4 x  1
g  x   x2  2
 1) gof  x   g  f  x  
 g  4 x  1
2
  4 x  1  2
 16 x 2  8 x  1  2
 16 x2  8 x  3 1M
 a 1   a 1 
2) gof   g f 
 4    4 
  a 1 
 g  4   1
  4  
 g  a  1  1
 g a
 a2  2 1M
3) fof  x   f  f  x  
 f  4 x  1
 4  4 x  1  1
 16 x  4  1
 16 x  5 1M

4) go  fof  0   g f  f  0   
 g  f  4  0   1   g  f  1 
 g  4  1  1  g  4  1
 g  4  1
 g  5 
2
  5   2
 25  2
 27 1M
ii) Let A  1, 2,3 and B  a, b, c , C   p, q, r if f : A  B and g : B  C are defined as
f  1, a  2, c  3, b  and g   a, q  b, r  c, p  then show that gof 1  f 1 og 1
Ans: Given f  1  a  ,  2  c  ,  3, b 
g   a, q  b, r  c, p 
gof  1, q  2, p  3, r  1M
gof 1   q,1 p, 2  r ,3....................(1) 1M
f 1   a,1 c, 2  b, 3 1M
g 1   q, a  r , b  p, c  1M
f 1 og 1   q,1 p, 2  r ,3 ....................(2) 1M
From (1) and (2)
1
 gof   f 1 og 1 2M
 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION
2
12  12  22   12  22  32   ........ n  n  1  n  2 
6. Show that up to n terms  n  N
12

Proof: 2 n  n  1 2n  1
n 
6
Let s(n) be the given statement
n  n  1 2n  1
nth term 12  22  32  ........  n 2 
6
2
n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1  n  2 
 S  n   1  1  2   1  2  3   ........ 
2 2 2 2 2 2

6 12 1M
Step-1:-
put n  1
2
n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1  n  2 
L.H .S  R.H .S 
6 12
2
11  1  2 1  1 11  1 1  2 
 
6 12
6 12
 
6 12
1 1
 L.H .S  R.H .S

 S  n  is true for n  1
1M

Step-2:- Assume that n=K

2
k  k  1 2k  1 k  k  1  k  2 
1  1  2   1  2  3   ........ 
2 2 2 2 2 2

6 12 1M
 S  n  is true for n  K
1M
Step-3:- To prove that n=K+1

By adding
 k  1 k  2  2k  3 to eq(1) on both sides
6
k  k  1 2k  1  k  1 k  2  2k  3
12  12  22   12  22  32   ..........   1M
6 6
2
k  k  1  k  2   k  1 k  2  2k  3
 
6 6


 k  1 k  2   k  k  1  2k  3 
 
6  2 1 


 k  1 k  2   k 2  k  4k  6 
6  2 
 
 k  1 k  2   k 2  5k  6 
  
6  2 
 
 k  1 k  2   k 2  3k  2k  6 
6  2 
 


 k  1 k  2   k  k  3  2  k  3 
 
6  2 


 k  1 k  2    k  3 k  2  
 
6  2 
2


 k  1 k  2   k  3
12
2


 k  1 k  1  1  k  2  1 2M
12
 S (n)is true for n  k  1
By the principal of mathematical induction S (n) is true for all n  N 1M

13 13  33 n
  .............up to n terms   2n 2  9n  13
7. Show that 1 1  3 24

Ans:- Let s(n) be the given statement

3 n 2  n  1
2 n  4
13 13  33
s  n    .............
 n  1  n  2n 2  9n  13
1  3  5  .......   2n  1  n 2
1 1 3 4 24  

th 13  23  .....  n3
n term 
1  3  .......  2n  1
2
n 2  n  1 1
  1M
4 n2
2


 n  1
4

Step-1:-

Put n  1
13 1  2
L.H .S  R.H .S  2 1  9 1  13
1 24  
1
1   2  9  13
24
1
  24
24
1

L.H.S=R.H.S
 S  n  is true for n  1
1M
Step-2:- Assume that n=K
 13 13  23  k  1  k  2k 2  9k  13  1

1 1 3
 ......... 
4 24    

Step-3:- To prove that n  k  1

2

By Adding on
 k  2 to eq (1) on both sides
4
2 2 2
13 13  23
  ......... 
 k  1  1  k   k  2k 2  9k  13   k  2 
1 1 3 4 4 24   4

2
k  2k 2  9k  13  6  k  2 
 1M
24
2k 3  9k 2  13k  6k 2  24  24k

24
2k 3  15k 2  37k  24

24
 k  1  2  k  1 
2
 9  k  1  13

24
 k  1 2 2

  k  1  9  k  1  13 2M
24
 s  n  is true for n=k+1
 by the principle of mathematical induction S  n  is true for all n  N 1M

1 1 1 n
n  N ,    .........up to n terms 
8. Show that 1.4 4.7 7.10 3n  1

Ans: - Let S  n  be the given statement

1, 4, 7............ arein A.P 4, 7,10.............are in A.P

tn  a   n  1 d tn  4   n  1 3
 1   n  1 3  4   n  1 3
 1  3n  3  4  3n  3
 3n  2  3n  1
1
nthterm  1M
 3n  1 3n  2
1 1 1 1 n
letS  n      ............... 
1.4 4.7 7.10  3n  1 3n  2 3n  1
Step-1:- if n=1
 1 n
L.H .S  R.H .S 
 3n  1 3n  2   3n  1
1 1
 
4 1 3 1
1 1
 
4 4
L.H .S  R.H .S
 S  n  is true for n  1 1M
Step-2:-
Assume that n=k
1 1 1 1 k
   ...........   1
1.4 4.7 7.10  3k  1 3k  2   3k  1
 S  n  is true for n  k
Step-3:-
Put n=K+1
1 1 1 1 k
   ........... 
1.4 4.7 7.10  3k  1 3k  2   3k  1
1
tk 1 
3  k  1  1 3  k  3  2  
1

 3k  3  1 3k  3  2 
1

 3k  4  3k  1
1
Adding on both sides on both sides
 3k  4 3k  1
1 1 1 1 1 k 1
   ...........   
1.4 4.7 7.10  3k  1 3k  2   3k  4  3k  1  3k  1  3k  4  3k  1 1M
k  3k  4   1

 3k  1 3k  4 
3k 2  4 k  1

 3k  1 3k  4 
3k 2  3k  1k  1

 3k  1 3k  4 
3k  k  1  1 k  1

 3k  1 3k  4 

 3k  1 k  1
 3k  1 3k  4 
k 1

 3k  4 2M
 S  n  is true for n  k  1
 By the principle of mathematical induction S(n) is true for all n  N 1M
 ………………………………………….

n  n 2  6n  11
2.3  3.4  4.5  ...............uo to n terms 
9. Show that 3

Ans: - Let s(n) be the given statement

2,3, 4,............ are in A.P 3, 4,5.............are in A.P
tn  a   n  1 d tn  a   n  1 d
 2   n  11  3   n  11
 2  n 1  3  n 1
 n 1 n2
nth term   n  1 n  2  1M
n  n 2  6n  11
letS  n   2.3  3.4  4.5  ...............   n  1 n  2  
3
Step-1:-
If n=1
n  n 2 6  n  1
L.H .S   n  1 n  2  R.H .S 
3
11  6  11
 1  11  2  
3
18
  2  3  6  6
3
L.H .S  R.H .S
 S  n  is true for n  1
1M
Step-2:-
Assume that n=K
k  k 2  6k  11
2.3  3.4  4.5  ...............   k  1 k  2   ..............(1)
3 1M
 S  n  is true for n  k
Step-3:-
Put n=k+1
tk 1   k  1  1 k  1  2 
  k  2 k  3
By adding  k  2  k  3 on both sides
2.3  3.4  4.5  ...............   k  1 k  2    k  2  k  3
k  k 2  6k  11
   k  2  k  3
3 1M
3 2
k  6k  4k  3  k  2  k  3

3
k 3  6k 2  4k  3  k 2  3k  2k  6 

3
 k 3  9k 2  26k  18

3
 k  1  k 2  8k  18 

3


 k  1 k 2  2k  6k  1  6  11
3  
 k  1  k 2  2k  1  6 k  1  11

3 
    
2M
 k  1 

3  k  1  6  k  1  11
 S  n  is true for n  k  1
 by the mathematical induction S(n) is true for all n  N 1M
……………………………………

n  n  1 n  2  n  3
1.2.3  2.3.4  3.4.5  ....up to n terms  , n  N
10. Show that 4

Ans:- let S  n  be the given statement

1, 2,3,............ arein A.P 2, 3, 4,5.............arein A.P
tn  a   n  1 d tn  a   n  1 d
 1   n  11  2   n  11
 1  n 1  2  n 1
n  n 1
3, 4,5,.........arein A.P.
tn  a   n  1 d
 3   n  11
 3  n 1
n2
nth term  n  n  1 n  2 
n  n  1 n  2 
S  n   1.2.3  2.3.4  3.4.5  ....n  n  1 n  2  
4
Step-1:- if n=1
n  n  1 n  2  n  3
L.H .S  n  n  1 n  2  R.H .S 
4
11  11  2 1  3
 11  11  2  
3
24
 1 2  3  6  6
4
L.H .S  R.H .S
 S  n  is true for n  1
Step-2:-
Assume that n=K
 k  k  1 k  2  k  3 
1.2.3  2.3.4  3.4.5  ...............  k  k  1 k  2   ..............(1)
4
 S  n  is true for n  k
Step-3:-
To prove that n=K+1
th
n term  n  n  1 n  2 
tk 1   k  1 k  1  1 k  1  2    k  1 k  2  k  3
Adding  k  1 k  2  k  3 on both sides
1.2.3  2.3.4  3.4.5  ...........  k  k  1 k  2    k  1 k  2  k  3
k  k  1 k  2  k  3
   k  1 k  2  k  3
4 1M
k  k  1 k  2  k  3  4  k  1 k  2  k  3

4


 k  1 k  2  k  3 k  4 
4


 k  1 k  1  1 k  1  2 k  1  3
4 2M
 S  n  is true for n  k  1
By the principle of methematical induction S  n  is true for all n  N
1M
………………………………………….

11. Prove by mathematical induction, for all n  N

n
a   a  d    a  2d   ...................up to n terms   2a   n  1 d 
2

Ans:- Let S  n  be the given statement

a, a  d , a  2d .......... are in A.P
tn  a   n  1 d
1M
n
Let S  n   a   a  d    a  2d   ...................a   n  1 d   2a   n  1 d 
2
Step-1:-
1
L.H .S  a   n  1 d R.H .S   2a  1  1 d 
2
1
a  2a
2
a
L.H .S  R.H .S
 S  n  is true for n  1
1M

Step-2:-
Assume that n=K
 k
a   a  d    a  2d   ...................a   k  1 d   2a   k  1 d 
2 1M
 S  n  is true for n  k
Step-3:- To prove that n=k+1
nth term  a   k  1  1 d
tk 1  a  kd
By adding  a  kd  on both sides
a   a  d    a  2d   ...................a   k  1 d   a  kd 
1M
k
  2a   k  1 d    a  kd 
2
2ak  k 2 d  kd  2  a  kd 

2
k 2 d  kd  2ak  2a

2
kd  k  1  2a  k  1

2


 k  1 kd  2a 
2
 k  1 2a 

2    k  1  1 d 
2M
 S  n  is true for n  k  1
 by the methematical induction S  n  is true for all n  N
1M

12. Show that 49 n  16n  1 is divisible by 64 for all positive integers n

Ans:- Let S  n  be the given statement

Let S  n   49n  16n  1 Is divisible by 64
Step-1:- If n=1
 49 n  16 n  1
 491  16 1  1
=64 is divisible by 64 2M
 S  n  is true for n  1
Step-2:- Assume that n=K
49k  16k  1  64m  where m is a positive int eger 
49 k  64m  16 k  1 ………… (1) 1M
Step-3:- To prove that n=K+1
 49k 1  16  k  1  1
 49 k .49  16 k  16  1
  64m  16k  1 49  16k  15
  64m  49  16k  49  49  16k  15
   64m  49   16k  48  64
  64m  49   16k  4 12  64
 64  49m  12k  1  64  some int eger 
3M
64Q is divisible by 64
 S  n  is true for n  k  1
 By the principle of mathematical induction S  n  is true for all n  N 1M

13. Show that 3.52 n 1  23 n 1 is divisible by 17  n  N

Ans:- Let S  n  be the given statement

S  n   3.52 n1  23n1 Is divisible by 17
Step-1:- If n=1
= 3.52 n 1  23 n 1
 3.5 21  231
 3 125  16
17  23 is divisible by 17
2M
 S  n  is true for n  1
Step-2:- Assume that n=k
Let 3.52 k 1  23 k 1  17 m
3.52 k 1  17m  23k 1  1 1M
 S  n  is true for n  k
Step-3:- To prove that n=k+1
3.5 
2 k 1 1
2 
3 k 1 1

 3.5
2 k  21
 2
3 k  31

 3.5
2 k 1
.52  2
3k 1
.23
 17 m  23 k 1  .52  23k 1.23
 17m  25  23k 1  25  8
 17m  25  23k 1 17 
 17  m  25  23k 1   17  some int eger 
3M
17Q is divisible by 17
 S  n  is true for n  k  1
 By the principle of mathematical induction S  n  is true for all n  N 1M

MATRICS

 a1 b1 c1 
adjA
14. If A   a2 b2 c2  is an non-singular matrix, then show that A is invertible and A1 
detA
 a3 b3 c3 
  a1 b1 c1 
Ans: - Given that A   a2 b2 c2  be non singular matrix
 a3 b3 c3 
 det A  0  A1 exists
Let Ai,Bi,Ci are cofactors of ai,bi,ci for i=1,2,3 1M
 A1 B1 C1 
Cofactor matrix of A   A2 B2 C2 
 A3 B3 C3 
T
 A1 B1 C1   A1 A2 A3 
 Adj  A    A2 B2 C2    B1 B2 B3 
   
 A3 B3 C3  C1 C2 C3 
1M
 a1 b1 c1   A1 A2 A3 
Now A  AdjA    a2 b2 c2   B1 B2 B3 
 a3 b3 c3  C1 C2 C3 
 a1 A1  b1B1  c1C1 a1 A2  b1B2  c1C2 a1 A3  b1B3  c1C3 
=  a2 A1  b2 B1  c2C1 a2 A2  b2 B2  c2C2 a2 A3  b2 B3  c2C3 
 a3 A1  b3 B1  c3C1 a3 A2  b3 B2  c3C2 a3 A3  b3 B3  c3C3 
 det A 0 0  1 0 0
 0 det A 0   det A  0 1 0   det A.I


 0 0 det A  0 0 1 
 A  adjA  det A.I
3M
 AdjA 
 A   I ……………(1)
 det A 
 AdjA 
Similarly we can prove that   A  I ………(2) 1M
 det A 
 AdjA   AdjA 
 from 1 &  2,  A   A I
 det A   det A 
By inverse definition if A is non singular square matrix  square matrix B of same order such that
AB=BA=I
Adj  A 
 A1  B  Ais invertible and A1 
det  A 
1M

bc c a ab a b c
ca a b bc  2 b c a
ab bc ca c a b
15. Show that

bc ca ab

Ans: -  ca ab bc
ab bc ca

R1  R1  R2  R3
 2 a  b  c 2 a  b  c 2 a  b  c 
 ca a b bc
a b bc ca
1M

a  b  c  a  b  c  a  b  c
2 ca ab bc
ab bc ca

R2  R2  R1
R3  R3  R1

a bc a bc abc

 2 b c a
c a b
3M

R1  R1  R2  R3

a b c a b c
 2 b c a  2  1 1 b c a
c a b c a b

a b c
2 b c a
c a b

L.H .S  R.H .S
2
a b c 2bc  a 2 c2 b2
2
b c a  c2 2ac  b 2 a2   a 3  b3  c 3  3abc 
c a b b2 a2 2ab  c 2
16. If
2
a b c a b c a b c
Sol:- Consider b c a  b c a b c a
c a b c a b c a b
R2  R3
a b c a b c
 b c a  1 c a b
c a b b c a
1M
a b c a b c
b c a c a b
c a b b c a
  a 2  bc  bc  ab  ab  c 2  ac  b 2  ac
  ab  c 2  ab b 2  ac  ac bc  bc  a 2
 ac  ac  b 2 bc  a 2  bc c 2  ab  ab
1M
2 2 2
2bc  a c b
2 2
 c 2ac  b a2 ………………. (1) 1M
2 2 2
b a 2ab  c
2
a b c 2
 c a b a b c
Consider b c a   a b c 
 a b c b c a
c a b
2
 a  bc  a 2   b  b 2  ac   c  ab  c2 
2
  abc  a 3  b3  abc  abc  c3 
2M
2
3 2
  3abc  a3  b3  c     a3  b3  c3  3abc    L.H .S
1M
2
  a 3  b3  c3  3abc  …………….. (2)
2
a b c 2bc  a 2 c2 b2
2
b c a  c2 2ac  b 2 a2   a 3  b3  c 3  3abc 
c a b b2 a2 2ab  c 2
1M

a b c 2a 2a
3
2b bca 2b  a  b  c 
2c 2c c  a b
17. Show that

a b c 2a 2a
Sol: - L.H.S= 2b bc a 2b
2c 2c c  a b

R1  R1  R2  R3
abc a bc a bc
 2b bca 2b
2c 2c c  a b
1M
1 1 1
  a  b  c  2b b  c  a 2b
2c 2c c  a b
1M
c1  c2  c1
c3  c3  c1
1 1 1 1 1
  a  b  c  2b b  c  2b 2b  2b
2c 2c  2c c  a  b  2c
2M
 1 0 0
  a  b  c  2b   b  c  a  0
2c 0  a  b  c
2M
2
  a  b  c  a  b  c 
3
  a  b  c   R.H .S
1M

a  b  2c a b
3
c b  c  2a b  2a  b  c
c a c  a  2b
18. Show that

a  b  2c a b
Sol:-L.H.S= c b  c  2a b
c a c  a  2b
c1  c1  c2  c3 1M
2a  2b  2c a b
 c b  c  2a b
c a c  a  2b
1 a b
 2  a  b  c  1 b  c  2a b
1 a c  a  2b
2M
R2  R2  R1
R3  R3  R1
1 a b
 2  a  b  c  1 1 b  c  a 0
1 1 0 ca b
1M
1 a b
 2a  b  c 0 b  c  a 0
0 0 cab
2M
3
 2  a  b  c  a  b  c   2  a  b  c   R.H .S
1M

bc ca ab

a  b b  c c  a  a 3  b3  c 3  3abc
a b c
19. Show that

bc ca ab

Sol:-L.H.S= a  b b  c c  a
a b c
1M
R2  R2  R3
 bc ca ca
b c a
a b c
2M
R1  R1  R2
c a b
c a b a b c
b c a c a b
b c a c a b
a b c
2M

 c  c 2  ab   a  bc  a 2   b  b 2  ac 
 c 3  abc  abc  a 3  b 3  abc
 a 3  b 3  c3  3abc  R.H .S 2M

a 2  2a 2a  1 1
3
2a  1 a2 1   a  1
3 3 1
20. Show that

a 2  2a 2a  1 1
Sol:- L.H.S= 2a  1 a2 1
3 3 1
R1  R1  R2
R2  R2  R3
a2 1 a 1 0
 2  a  1 a  1 0
3 3 1
3M
a 1 1 0
  a  1 a  1 2 1 0
3 3 1
1M
2 a 1 1
  a  1
2 1 1M
2 2
  a  1  a  1  2    a  1  a  1
1M
3
  a  1 =R.H.S 1M

a a2 1  a3 a a2 1
b b 3 1  b 3c  0 b b2 1  0
c c2 1  c3 c c2 1
21. If and then show that abc=-1
 a a 2 1  a3
Sol:-  b b 2 1  b3  0
c c 2 1  c3
a a2 1 a a2 a3
 b b2 1  b b2 b3  0 1M
c c2 1 c c2 c3

a a2 1 1 a a2
 b b 2 1  abc 1 b b 2  0 1M
c c2 1 1 c c2

c1  c2
a a2 1 a 1 a2
 b b 2 1  abc b 1 b 2  0
c c2 1 c 1 c2
1M
c2  c3
a a2 1 a a2 1
 b b 2 1  abc b b 2 1  0
c c2 1 c c2 1
1M
2
a a 1
2
b b 1 1  abc   0
2
c c 1
1M

 a a2 1 
 2 
 1  abc  0  b b 1  0 
 c c2 1 
  2M
 abc  1

1 a2 a3
1 b2 b3   a  b  b  c  c  a  ab  bc  ca 
1 c2 c3
22. Show that

1 a2 a3
sol :- 1 b2 b3
1 c2 c3
R1  R1  R2
R2  R2  R3
1  1 a 2  b2 a3  b3
1  1 b2  c 2 b3  c 3
1 c2 c3
2M
 0  a  b  a  b   a  b   a 2  ab  b 2 
0  b  c  b  c   b  c   b 2  bc  c 2 
1 c2 c3

0  a  b a 2
 ab  b 2 

 a  b  b  c  0 b  c  b 2
 bc  c 2 
1 c2 c3

R2  R2  R1
0 a  b a 2
 ab  b2 
 a  b  b  c  0 b  c  a  b b 2  bc  c 2  a 2  ab  b 2
1 c2 c3
2M
0 a  b a 2
 ab  b 2 
 a  b  b  c  0 ca  c  a  b  c  a 
2
1 c c3

0  a  b a 2
 ab  b 2 
 a  b  b  c  c  a  0 1 a
1 2 c3

a  b a 2  ab  b 2
 a  b  b  c  c  a 
1 abc
 a  b  b  c  c  a    a  b  a  b  c   a 2  ab  b 2 
 a  b  b  c  c  a   a 2  ab  ac  ab  b2  bc  a 2  ab  b 2 
 a  b  b  c  c  a  ab  bc  ca   R.H .S 3M

23. Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by using cramer’s rule

Sol:- i)

3 x  4 y  5 z  18 1
x
2 x  y  8 z  13 
5 x  2 y  7 z  20 2
y
Given equations can be written as 

3 4 5 x 18  z 3

A   2 1 8  X   y  D  13 
   
 5 2 7   z   20 
1M
This is in the form AX=D
3 4 5
1 8 2 8 2 1
Now  2 1 8  3 4 5
2 7 5 7 5 2
5 2 7
  3  7  16   4 14  40   5  4  5 
 3  9   4  26   5 1
 27  104  5
 136 1M
18 4 5
1 8 13 8 13 1
1  13 1 8  18 4 5
2 7 20 7 20 2
20 2 7
 18  7  16  4  91  160  5  26  20 
 18  9   4  69   5  6 
 162  276  30
 438  30
 408 1M
3 18 5
13 8 2 8 2 13
2  2 13 8  3  18 5
20 7 5 7 5 20
5 20 7
 3  91  160   18 14  40   5  40  65
 3  69   18  26   5  25 
 207  468  125
 468  332
=136 1M
3 4 18
1 13 2 13 2 1
3  2 1 13  3 4  18
2 20 5 20 5 2
5 2 20
 3  20  26   4  40  65  18  4  5
 18  100  18
 136 1M
By cramer’s rule
 408
x  1  3
 136
 136
y 2  1
 136
 136
Z 3  1
 136 2M
 x  3, y  1, z  1 is the solution for the given system of equations

24. x  y  z  9, 2 x  5 y  7 z  52, 2 x  y  z  0

Sol:- Given equations can be written as

1 1 1   x 9

A  2 5 7   x   y  D  52 
 
 2 1 1  z   0 
1M
This is the form of AX=D
 1 1 1
5 7 2 7 2 5
 2 5 7 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 2 1
2 1 1
 1 5  7   1 2  14   1 2  10 
 12  16  8 1M
 4
9 1 1
5 7 52 7 52 5
1  52 5 7 9 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1
 108  52  52  4 1M
1 9 1
2  2 52 7
2 0 1
1M
 1 52   9  2  14   1 104 
 52  144  104  12 1M
1 1 9
5 52 2 52 2 5
3  2 5 52  1 1 9
1 0 2 0 2 1
2 1 0
 1 52   1 104  9  2  10 
 104  124  20 1M
By cramer’s rule
 4
x  1  1
 4
 12
y 2  3
 4
 20
Z 3  5 2M
 4
 x  1, y  3, z  5 is the solution for the given system of equations
……………………

25. 2 x  y  3 z  9, 2 x  y  z  6, x  y  z  2

Sol:-c given equation can be written as

 2 1 3  x 9

A  1 1 1  
x   y  D   6 
1 1 1  z   2
1M
This is in the form of AX=D
2 1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
 1 1 1  2 1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
 2 1  1  11  1  3  1  1
  4  0  6  2 1M
9 1 3
1 1 6 1 6 1
1  6 1 1  9 1 3
1 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 1
 9 1  1  1 6  2   3  6  2 
 18  4  24 1M
 2
2 9 3
6 1 1 1 1 6
2  1 6 1  2 9 3
2 1 1 1 1 2
1 2 1
 2  6  2   9 1  1  3  2  6 
 8  12
 4 1M
2 1 9
1 6 1 6 1 1
3  1 1 5  2 1 9
1 2 1 2 1 1
1 1 2
 2  2  6   1 2  6   9  1  1
 16  4  18
 6 1M
1 2
x   1
 2
 4
y 2  2
 2
 6
Z 3 3
 2 2M
 x  1, y  2, z  3 is the solution for the given system of equations
……………

26. Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by using matrix inversion
3x  4 y  5 z  18, 2 x  y  8 z  13,5 x  2 y  7 z  20

Sol:- Given equations can be written as

1
 3 4 5 x 18  A 1  AdjA
A
A   2 1 8  X   y D  13 
     
 5 2 7   z   20 
1M

This is the form of AX=D

3 4 5
1 8 2 8 2 1
A  2 1 8  3 4 5
2 7 5 7 5 2
5 2 7

 3  7  16   4 14  40   5  4  5 
 27  104  5

A  136  0
1M

 det A  0  A1 exists

T
 1 8 2 1
 2 7 5 2 
Adj A  
4 5 3 4 .
 
 1 8 2 1

T
  7  16   40  14   4  5 

  10  28   21  25   20  6  
  32  5 10  24   3  8  
T
 9 26 1 
 38 4 26 

 
 37 14 11

 9 38 37 
  26 4 14
 
 1 26 11
2M

1  Adj A 
Hence by matrix inversion method X  A D   | A |  D
 

 9 38 37  18 
1 
X 26 4 14 13 
136   
 1 26 11  20 

162 494 740 

1 
 468 52 280 
136  
 18 338 220 

 408
1 
 136 
136  
136 

x  3
  136  
 y  1
  136  
 z  1
3M

 x  3, y  1, z  1

x  y  z  9, 2 x  5 y  7 z  52, 2 x  y  z  0
27.
Sol:- given equations are

1 1 1  x 9 1
    A 1  AdjA
A 2 5 7 X y D  52  A 1M
     
 2 1 1  z   0 
This is the form of AX=D
1 1 1
5 7 2 7 2 5
| A | 2 5 7  1 1 1
1 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 1
 1 5  7   1 2  14   1 2  10 
 12  16  8 1M
 4  0
T
5 7 2 5
1 1 2 1
 det A  0  A1 Exists  AdjA 
1 1 1 1
5 7 2 5
T
 5  7  14  2   2  10  

  1  1  1  2   2  1 
  7  5  2  7   5  2  
T
 1 16 8
  2 3 1 
 
 2 5 3 
 12 2 2 
  16 3 5
 
 8 1 3 
2M
1  AdjA 
Here by matrix inversion method X  A D   det A 
 
 12 2 2   9 
1 
X 16 3 5 52
4    
 8 1 3   0 
 108  104  0
1 
 144  156  0 
4  
 72  52  0 
 4  1
1  4
 12    3
4   4  
 20  5
 x  1
  y   3
   
 z  5
3M
 x  1, y  3, z  5 arethe solutions for given quuations.
29. Solve the equations by using matrix inversion

2 x  y  3z  9, x  y z  6, x  y  z  2
Sol:- Given equations can be written as
 2 1 3  x 9 

A 1 1 1 X  y    D  6
     
 1 1 1  z   2 
1M
This is the form of Ax=D

2 1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
| A | 1 1 1  2   1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1

 2 1  1  1 1  1  3  1  1
1M

 4  0  6  2  0

 det A  0  A1 is exists

T
1 1 1 1
 1 1 1 1
AdjA  
 1 3 2 1
 
1 1 1 1

T
 1  1 1  1  1  1 

   3  1  2  3  1  2  
 1  3  3  2   2  1 
T
 2 0 2 
  2 1 1 
 
 4 1 3 

 2 2 4 
  0 1 1 
 
 2 1 3 
2M

 AdjA 
Hence by matrix inversion method X  A1 D   D
 |A| 

 2 2 4   9 
1 
X 0 1 1   6 
2   
 2 1 3   2
  18  12  8   2 
1   1  
 062  4
2   2  
 18  6  6   6

 x 1 
 y   2   2 
  2  
 z   3 

 x  1, y  2, z  3 3M

PRODUCT OF VECTORS

29 (I) Find the shortest distance between the skew line is

r   6 i  2 j  2k   t  i  2 j  2k  & r   4 i  k   s  3i  2 j  2k  whwre s,t are scalars

Sol:-Given skew lines are

r   6 i  2 j  2k   t  i  2 j  2k  & r   4 i  k   s  3i  2 j  2k   1

Comparing with r  a  tb and r  c  sd

a  6 i  2 j  2k , b  i  2 j  2k
  
Given skew line is r  4 i  k  S 3i  2 j  2k   2  
Comparing with r  c  sd 1M
Where c  4 i  k , d  3i  2 j  2k
a  c  6 i  2 j  2 k   4 i  k 
 6 i  2 j  2k  4 i  k
 10 i  2 j  3k 1M
10 2 3
2 2 1 2 1 2
 a  c bd   1 2 2  10 2 3
2 2 3 2 3 2
3 2 2
 10  4  4   2  2  6   3  2  6 
 10  4  4   2  2  6   3  2  6 
 10  8   2  8   3  4 
 80  16  12
 108 1M
i j k
2 2 1 2 1 2
b  d  1 2 2 i j k
2 2 3 2 3 2
3 2 2
 i   4  4   j  2  6   k   2  6 
 8 i  8 j  4k 1M
b  d  82  82  42  64  64  16  144  12
b  d  12
1M

a  c bd 

b d
The shortest distance between the given skew lines is

108

12
 9units 1M
(ii). If A  1, 2, 1 , B   4, 0, 3 , C  1, 2, 1 and D   2, 4, 5  find the distance between AB
and CD
Sol:- Given A  1, 2, 1 , B   4, 0, 3 , C  1, 2, 1 and D   2, 4, 5 
a  oa  i  2 j  k
b  OA  OA   i  oj  3k    i  2 j  k 
 4 i  3k  i  2 j  k
 3i  2 j  2k 1M
The vector equation of AB is r  a  tb
  i  2 j  k   t  3i  2 j  2k 
c  OC  i  2 j  k
d  OD  OC
 2 i  4 j  5k  i  2 j  k 
 2 i  4 j  5k  i  2 j  k
 i  6 j  4k 1M
a  i  2 j  k , b  3i  2 j  2k , c  i  2 j  k , d  i  6 j  4k
a  c  i  2 j  k   i  2 j  k 
 i 2j k i 2j k
 4 j 1M
0 4 0
 a  c b d   3 2 2
1 6 4
1M
3 2
4  4  12  2   4  10   40
1 4
i j k
b d  3 2 2
1 6 4
2 2 3 2 3 2
i j k
6 4 1 4 1 6
  i  8  12   j  12  2   k  12  2 
 20 i  10 j  20k
2 2
b d   20   102   20   400  100  400  900  300
The shortest distance between given skew lines is
 a  c b d  40 4
  units
b d 30 3
3M

30. Find the equations of plane passing to the points A   2,3, 1 , B   4,5, 2  C   3, 6,5 

Sol:- Let ‘O’ be the origin OA  2i  3 j  k , OB  4i  5 j  2k , OC  3i  6 j  5k

Let ‘p’ be any point on the plane passing through A,B,C

Let OP  xi  y j  zk


AP  OP  OA xi  y j  zk  2i  3 j  k 
 xi  y j  zk  2i  3 j  k

  x  2  i   y  3 j   z  1 k
1M


AB  OB  OA  4i  5 j  2k  2i  3 j  k 
 4i  5 j  2k  2i  3 j  k

 2i  2 j  3k


AC  OC  OA  3i  6 j  5k  2i  3 j  k 
 3i  6 j  5k  2i  3 j  k

 i  3 j  6k 1M

The equation of the plane is  AP AB AC   0

x2 y  3 z 1
 2 2 3 0
1 3 6

2 3 2 3 2 3
 x  2   y  3   z  1 0
3 6 1 6 1 3

 x  2 12  9    y  312  3   z  1 6  2   0

 x  2  3   y  3 9    z  1 9   0
 3x  6  9 y  27  4 z  4  0

3x  9 y  4 z  25  0 5M

31. A line makes angle 1  2 3 and  4 with the diagonals of a cube. Show that
4
cos2 1  cos2  2  cos2 3  cos 2  4 
3

1M

Let OABCDEFG be a cube of length ‘a’ units

Let i j k be the unit vectors in the directions of OA, OB, OC respectively then
OA  ai, OB  a j , OC  ak
Let OG, BD, AF , CE are the diagonals of a cube
OG  OA  AE  EG
 AE  OB   OA  OB  OC
 
 ai  a j  ak
 EG  OC 
BD  BO  OC  CD
 OB  OC  OA
 OA  OB  OC  CD  OA
 ai  a j  ak
AF  AO  OC  CF
 OA  OC  OB
 OA  OB  OC  CF  OB 
 
 ai  a j  ak
CE  CO  OA  AF 2M
 OC  OA  OB
 OA  OB  OC  AE  OB 
 
 ai  a j  ak
Let r  xi  y j  zk be the line makes angles 1  2 3  4 with diagonals of a cube
r.OG
Then cos 1 
r OG
 ax  ay  az
cos 1 
2
x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2  0   a 2
a  x  y  z
cos 1 
x  y 2  z 2 3a 2
2

a x  y  z
cos 1 
3a x 2  y 2  z 2
x y z
cos 1 
3 x2  y 2  z2
1M
x  y  z xyz x yz
Similarly, cos  2  cos 3  cos  4 
3 x2  y 2  z2 3 x2  y 2  z2 3 x2  y 2  z2
L.H.S= cos 2 1  cos 2  2  cos 2 3  cos 2  4
2 2


x  y  z 
x  y  z  
x y z

x yz
3 x2  y2  z2  3 x2  y 2  z2  3  x2  y 2  z 2  3  x2  y 2  z 2 
2
4  x2  y2  z2  4
  R.H .S
3 x  y  z
2 2 2
 3
4
 cos2 1  cos2  2  cos 2  3  cos 2  4 
3 1M

32. If a  2i  j  3k ; b  i  2 j  k ; c  i  j  4k ; d  i  j  k then compute a  b  c  d    

Given a  2i  j  3k ; b  i  2 j  k ; c  i  j  4k ; d  i  j  k

i j k
1 3 2 3 2 1
ab  2 1 3  i j k
2 1 1 1 1 2
1 2 1

 i 1  6   j  2  3  k  4  1

 5i  5 j  5k 2M

i j k
1 4 1 4 1 1
c  d  1 1 4  i j k
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1

 i 1  4   j  1  4   k  1  1

 5i  3 j  2k 2M

i j k
5 5 5 5 5 5
 a  b    c  d   5 5 5  i
3 2
j
5 2
k
5 3
5 3 2
  i 10  15   j 10  25   k 15  25 

 5i  35 j  40k

 5  i  7 j  8 k 
2M

 a  b  c  d   5 2
 1   7 
2
 82

 5 1  49  64

 5 114 2M

33. Show that in any triangle the altitudes are concurrent

Sol:-

In the given ABC , the altitudes AD and BE meet in ‘O’ take ‘O’ as origin 1M

BC  BO  OC  b  c

 A  CO  OA  c  a

AB  AO  OB   a  b


Since AD  BC , a c  b  0  2M

Hence a.c  a.b  0  a.c  a.b  1

Also since BE  AC , b a  c  0 
Hence b.a  b.c  0  b.a  b.c   2  2M

From equation (1) & (2) we have a.c  b.c

 
Hence c. b  a  0  CF  AB

Hence the altitudes of a triangle are concurrent. 2M

2
34.  
a,b,c are non vectors and a is perpendicular to both b and c . If a  2, b  3, c  4 and b, c 
3
,

then find  a b c 
 2
Sol:- Given a, b, c are non zero vectors a  2, b  3, c  4 and b, c    3
 1200

 
[ a is perpendicular to both b and c then a is parallel to b  c , i.e., a, b  c  00 or 1800 ]

a b c  a bc  
 
 a b  c cos a, b  c  , cos a, b  c  1
   
 a b c sin b, c  
2
 a b c sin
3

3
 2 3 4  12 3
2 7M

35.    
If a  i  2 j  k , b  2i  j  k , c  i  2 j  k , find a  b  c and a  b  c

Sol:- Given a  i  2 j  k , b  2i  j  k , c  i  2 j  k

i j k
b c  2 1 1
1 2 1

 i  1  2   j  2  1  k  4  1

 i  3  j  3   k  3
1M

b  c  3i  3 j  3k  1

i j k

a bc  1  2 1
3 3 3

 i  6  3   j  3   3    k  3  6 

 i  9   j  6   k  3

 9i  6 j  3k   2 
1M

i j k
a  b  1 2 1
2 1 1
  i  2  1  j 1  2   k 1   4  

 i  3  j  1  k 1  4 

 3i  j  5k   3
1M

i j k
 a  b   c  3 1 5
1 2 1

 i  1  10   j  3  5   k  6  1

 i  11  j  2   k  7 

 11i  2 j  7 k   4 
1M

 a  b  c  2 2
 11   2   7 
2
 121  4  49  174

 
 a  b  c  174   5 

Required answers

 
a  b  c  9i  6 j  3k

 a  b  c  174
3M

TRANSFORMATIONS

A B C A  B  C
36. In a ABC , Prove that cos  cos  cos  4cos cos cos
2 2 2 4 4 4

Sol:-Given A  B  C  
A  B  1800  C
cos  A  B   cos  A  B   2 cos A cos B
A B
 900  C / 2
2 1M

 A  B  C
R.H .S  4 cos cos cos
4 4 4

   A   B     C 
 2  2cos   cos   cos  
  4   4   4 

   A   B     A   B   C  cos  A  B   cos  A  B   2 cos A cos B

 2  cos    cos     cos  
  4 4   4 4   4  1M
   2   A  B    B  A   A B C C 
 2  cos    cos    cos  
  4   4   4 
2M

 A B   A B   A B   A B 
 2sin    cos    2 cos    cos  
 4   4   4   4  1M

 A B   A B A B   A B A B 
 sin 2    cos     cos   
 4   4 4   4 4 

 A B   2A   2B 
 sin    cos    cos  
 2   4   4 

 cos C / 2  cos A / 2  cos B / 2

 cosA/ 2  cosB/ 2  cosC/ 2 2M

=L.H.S

37. If A  B  C   ,then prove that cos2 A / 2  cos 2 B / 2  cos 2 C / 21  2cos A / 2 cosB/ 2sin C / 2

Sol:- Given A  B  C  1800 sin 2   cos2   1

cos2   1  sin 2 
A  B  1800  C

A B
 900  C / 2
2

C  1800   A  B 

 A B 
C / 2  900   
 2  1M
cos  A  B  cos  A  B   cos 2 A  sin 2 B
2 2 2
L.H .S  cos A / 2  cos B / 2  cos C / 2
cos  A  B  cos  A  B   2 cos A cos B
 cos 2 A / 2  1  sin 2 B / 2  1  sin 2 C / 2 

 cos2 A / 2  sin 2 B / 2  sin 2 C / 2 1M

 A B   AB  2 cos  A  B  cos  A  B   cos 2 A  sin 2 B

 cos   cos    sin C / 2
 2   2 

 AB 
 sin 2 C / 2cos  2
  sin C / 2
 2  2M

  A B   A  B 
 sin 2 C / 2  cos    cos  
  2   2 
   A B   A B 
 sin 2 C / 2  cos    cos     sin C / 2  2 cos A / 2 cos B / 2
  2   2 

 2cosA/ 2 cos B / 2sin C / 2

=R.H.S

A B C
38. If A,B,C are angle in a triangle, then prove that CosA  CosB  CosC  1  4Cos Cos Sin .
2 2 2

Sol : Given A,B,C are in a triangle

A  B  C  180 0 C  180   A  B 

A B
A  B  180 0  C C / 2  90 0 
2 1M

A B
 900  C / 2
2

L.H.S= CosA  CosB  CosC cos  A  B  cos  A  B   2 cos A cos B

 A B   A B 
= 2cos   Cos    Cosc
 2   2 

 A B  CD C D
= 2Cos  900  C / 2  Cos    1  Sin C / 2 
2 cos C  cos D  2cos   cos  
 2   2   2 

 A B  2
= 2SinC / 2 Cos    1  2 Sin C / 2
 2  2M

 A B 2
= 1  2SinC / 2 Cos    1  2 Sin C / 2
 2 

  AB   cos A  1  2sin 2 A / 2

= 1  2SinC / 2 Cos    SinC / 2 
  2  

  AB   A  B 
= 1  2SinC / 2 Cos    Cos  
  2   2  2M

= 1  2SinC / 2  2CosA / 2CosB / 2 

A B C
= 1  4Cos Cos Cos
2 2 2 2M

=R.H.S
cos  A  B  cos  A  B   2 cos A cos B
39. If A,B,C are angles in a triangle, then prove that
A B C   A    B   C 
Sin  Sin  Sin  1  4Sin   sin   sin  
2 2 2  4   4   4 

Sol : Given A  B  C    1800

A B
 90  c / 2
2 1M

  A   B   C 
R.H.S=1  4sin   sin   sin  
 4   4   4 

    A     B     C 
= 1  2  2sin   sin    sin  
  4   4   4 

   A  B   A  B   A  B  C  C 
= 1  2 cos     sin    sin  
  4 4   4   4 

   A  B     A   B   A  B  C  C 
= 1  2  cos     cos    sin  
  4 4   4 4    4  2M

   A   B     A    B   A  B 
= 1  2  cos    cos    sin  
  4   4   4  cos  A  B   cos  A  B   2SinASinB

  B A  A  B   A  B 
= 1  2 cos    sin    sin  
  4   2   4 

 A B   AB  2 A B 
= 1  2sin   cos    2sin  
 4   4   4 

 A B   A B   AB 
= 1  2sin 2    2 Sin   cos  
 4   4   4  2M

 A B   A B A B   A B AB 
= cos 2    sin     sin   
 4   4 4   4 4 

 A B   2A   2B  Sin  A  B   Sin  A  B   2sin A cos B

= cos    sin    sin  
 2   4   4  cos 2 A  1  2 sin 2 A

A B
= cos  90 0  c / 2   sin  sin
2 2

= sin c / 2  sin A / 2  sin B / 2

A B C
= Sin  Sin  Sin
2 2 2 2M

= L.H.S
40. If A  B  C  1800 , then prove that cos2 A / 2  cos 2 B / 2  cos2 C / 2  1  sin A / 2sin B / 2SinC / 2 

Sol : Given A  B  C  180 0

0  A B 
0 sin 2   cos 2  1
A  B  180  C C  180   
 2  cos2   1  sin 2 
cos 2 A  sin 2 B  cos  A  B  cos  A  B 
A B  A B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B   2 sin A sin B
 900  C / 2 c / 2  900   
2  2  1M

L.H.S = cos 2 A / 2  cos 2 B / 2  cos 2 c / 2

= cos 2 A / 2  1  sin 2 B / 2  1  sin 2 c / 2

= 2  cos 2 A / 2  sin 2 B / 2  Sin 2 C / 2

 A B  A B
= 2  cos    cos     sin 2 c / 2
2 2 2 2 2M

 A B   A B  2
cos  A  B  cos  A  B   cos2 A  sin 2 B
= 2  cos   cos    sin c / 2
 2   2 

 A B 
= 2  cos  90  c / 2   cos    sin c / 2
 2 

 A B  2
 2  sin c / 2 cos    sin C / 2
 2  2M

 A B   0  A B 
 2  sin c / 2 cos    sin  90   
 2    2 

 A B   A B 
 2  sin c / 2cos    cos  
 2   2 

 2  sin c / 2  2sin A / 2sin B / 2 

cos  A  B   cos  A  B   2 sin A sin B
 2  2sin A / 2sin B / 2sin C / 2

 2 1  sin A / 2sin B / 2sin C / 2 

2M

=R.H.S
 PROPERTIES OF TRINGLE

65 21
41. If a  13, b  14, c  15 show that R  , r  4, r1  , r2  12, r3  14
8 2

Sol : Given a  13, b  14, c  15 2s  a  b  c

abc
s   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
2

13  14  15 abc
= R
2 4

42 
S  21 1M r
2 s


r1 
sa


r2 
s b


r3 
sc

  S  S  a  S  b  S  c 

 21 21  13 21  14  21  15

= 21 5  7  6

= 7  3 4  2  7  3 2

 72  32  42

= 7  3 4

  84 1M

abc 13  14 15 65
R = 
4 4  84 8

65
R 
8 1M

 84
r = 4
s 21 1M

 84 84 21
1    
s  a 21  13 8 2 1M
  84 84
2     12
s  b 21  14 7 1M

 84 84
3     14
s  c 21  15 6 1M

65 21
R  , r  4, r1  , r2  12, r3  14
8 2 1M

42. (i)If r1  2, r2  3, r3  6 and r  1 , prove that a  3, b  4, c  5

Given r1  2, r2  3, r3  6, r  1   r.r1.r2 .r2


 2  r.r1.r2 .r3 r
s


 1.2.3.6 1M r1 
sa


 2  36 r2 
s b


  36  6 1M r3 
sc


r
s

6
1
s

6
s 6
1 1M

  
r1  r2  r3 
sa s b sc

6 6 6
2 3 6
6a 6b 6c

6 6 6
6a  6b  6c 
2 3 6

6a  3 6b  2 6 c 1

63  a 62  b 6 1  c

a3 b4 c5

 a  3, b  4, c  5 4M
(ii)In ABC ,if r1  8, r2  12, r3  24 find a,b,c

Sol : Given r1  s, r2  12, r3  24

1 1 1 1
  
r r1 r2 r3

1 1 1
  
8 12 24

1 3  2 1 6 1
  
r 24 24 4 1M

r4

2  r.r1 .r2. r3

  2  4.8.12.24
2
 2   96 

  96 1M

 96
r    24
s 4

s  24 1M

  
r1  r2  r3 
sa s b sc

96 96 96
8 12  24 
24  a 24  b 24  c

96 96 96
24  a  24  b  24  c 
8 12 24

24  a  12 24  b  8 24  c  4

24  12  a 24  8  b 24  4  c

a  12 b  16 c  20 4M

 a  12, b  16, c  20
 r1 r2 r 1 1
43. show that   3  
bc ca ab r 2 R

L.H.S a  2 R sin A
r r r A
 1  2  3 r1  s tan
bc ca ab 2
A A
sin A  2sin cos
ar1  br2  cr3 2 2
= A B C
abc sin 2  sin 2  sin 2
2 2 2
ar1 A B C
=   1  2sin sin .sin
abc 2 2 2

1
  ar1
abc 1M

1 A
   2 R sin A  S tan
abc 2

2 RS A
  sin A.tan
abc 2 1M

A
sin
2 RS A A 2
  2sin .cos .
abc 2 2 cos A
2

4 RS A
  sin 2
abc 2 1M

4 RS  2 A B C
  sin  sin 2  sin 2 
abc  2 2 2

1 A B C
  sin 2  sin 2  sin 2 
r 2 2 2

1 A B C
 1  2sin 2 .sin 2 .sin 2 
r 2 2 2

 A B C 
 4 R sin Sin Sin 
1 2 2 2
 1  
r 2R 
  3M

1 r 
 1  
r  2R 

1 r 1 1 1
    
r 2R  r  r 2R 1M

=R.H.S
44. Show that r  r1  r2  r3  4R cosC
Sol: L.H.S = r  r1  r2  r3
A B C A B C
Consider r1  r2  4R sin .cos .cos  4R cos .sin .cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
C A B A B A B C
 4R cos sin .cos  cos .sin  r  4R sin sin .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C  AB A B C
 4R cos .sin   r1  4R sin cos .cos
2  2  2 2 2
C  C A B C
 4R cos .sin  90 0   r2  4 R c o s s in . c o s
2  2 2 2 2

C C C A B C
r1  r2  4R cos .cos  4R cos2  (i ) r3  4R cos cos .sin
2 2 2 3M 2 2 2
sin A cos B  cos A sin B  sin(A  B)
A B C A B C
r  r3  4R sin. sin .sin  4R cos. cos .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
C A B A B cos A cos B  sin A sin B  cos(A  B)
 4R.sin sin. sin  cos. cos 
2 2 2 2 2
C  AB 
 4R.sin   cos  
2  2 
C  C C C C
 4R.sin cos  90 0    4R sin .sin  4R sin2  (ii)
2  2 2 2 2 3M
From (i) and (ii)
cos2 A  cos2 A  sin2 A
C C
r  r1  r2  r3  4R cos2  4R sin2
2 2
= 4R cos C 1M
44. (ii) show that r  r3  r1  r2  4R cos B
Sol: L.H.S = r  r3  r1  r2
A B C A B C
Consider r1  r3  4R sin .cos .cos  4R cos .cos .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 1M
B A C A C sin A cos B  cos A sin B  sin(A  B)
 4R cos sin .cos  cos .sin 
2 2 2 2 2
B  AC  B  0 B B B 2 B
 4R cos .sin    4R cos .sin  90    4R cos .cos  4R cos  (i)
2  2  2  2 2 2 2 1M
A B C A B C
Consider r  r2  4R sin .sin .sin  4R cos .sin .cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
B A C A C cos A cos B  sin A sin B  cos(A  B)
 4R sin sin .sin  cos .cos 
2 2 2 2 2
B   A C  B B 2 B
 4R sin   cos     4R sin .sin  4R sin  (ii)
2   2  2 2 2

From (i) and (ii) we have cos2 A  cos2 A  sin2 A

B B
r  r3  r1  r2  4R cos2  4R sin2  4R cos B
2 2
45. In  ABC , prove that r1  r2  r3  r  4R
A B C
Sol: L.H.S  r1  r2  r3  r r  4R sin sin .sin
2 2 2
A B C A B C A B C
r2  r3  4R cos .sin .cos  4R cos .cos .sin 1M r1  4R sin cos .cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A  B C B C A B C
4R cos .  s in .cos  cos .sin  r2  4R cos sin .cos
2  2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A  BC  A  0 A A A 2 A A B C
 4R cos sin    4R cos .cos  90    4R cos .cos  4R cos  (i ) r3  4R cos cos .sin
2  2  2  2 2 2 2 2 2 2
sin A cos B  cos A sin B  sin(A  B)
A B C A B C
r1  r  4r sin .cos .cos  4R sin .sin .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 1M
A  B C B C cos A.cos B  sin A.sin B  cos(A  B)
4R sin . cos .cos  sin .sin 
2  2 2 2 2
A  BC  A  0 A A A 2 A
 4R sin .cos    4R sin .cos  90    4R sin .sin  4R sin  (ii)
2  2  2  2 2 2 2 2M
From (i) and (ii)
A A  A A
r1  r2  r3  r  4R cos2  4R sin2  4R  cos2  sin2   4R
2 2  2 2
= R.H.S 1M
46. If P1 , P2 , P3 be the attitudes drawn from vertices A,B,C to the opposite side of a triangle
1 1 1 1
respectively then show that (i)   
P1 P2 P2 r
2
 abc  8 3
(ii)P1P2P3  
8R 3 abc

1
 Areaofthetriangle ABC   base  heigth
2
1 1 1
  ap1 ,   bp2 ,   cP3
2 2 2
2 2 2
P1  ' P2  , P3 
a b c 2M
1 1 1
(i)   =
P1 P2 P2
1 1 1 a b c a  b  c 2s s 1
        
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2  r
a b c 2M
 3 2
2 2 2 83 8  abc   abc 
(ii) p1 p2 p3            
 a   b   c  abc abc  4R  8R 3 3M
ab  r2 r1 bc  r2t3 ca  r3 r1
47. Show that  
r3 r2 r2
ab  r1 r2
Now 
r3
1 1   
 ab  r1r2   ab      
r3 r3   s  a   s  b  1M
1 2  1 s  s  a  s  b  s  c  
 ab    ab  
r3   s  a  s  b   r3   s  a  s  b   2M
1 1 C  ab  C
 ab  s  s  a   ab  ab cos2   1  cos2 
r3 r3  2  r3  2

ab  2 c  ab   s  a  s  b    s  c  r
  sin      s  a  s  b  
r3  2  r3  ab   r
2M
s  s  a  s  b  s  c  2 
   r
S S S 1M
ca  r3 r1
Similarly we can prove that r
r2
ab  r1 r2 bc  r2 r3
  r
r3 r1 1M
A B C r
48. Show that cos2  cos2  cos2  2 
2 2 2 2R
A B C
Sol: L.H.S = cos2  cos2  cos2 A B C
2 2 2 cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C
1  cos A 1  cos B 1  cos C r  4 R sin sin sin
   2 2 2
2 2 2 1M
1 1
 1  cos A  1  cos B  1  cos C   3  cos A  cos B  cos C 
2 2
1 A B C 4 4 A B C
  4  4 sin .sin .sin    .sin . Sin .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3M
A B C
4R sin .Sin .sin
A B C 2 2 2
 2  2sin .Sin .sin  2  2M
2 2 2 2R

r
2  R.H.S 1M
2R

49. If r : R : r1  2 : 5 :12 then prove that the triangle is right angled at A.

Sol : Given r : R : r1  2 : 5 :12

r R r1
   k  say 
2 5 12
 A B C
r  4 R sin sin sin
r  2 K R  5 K r1  12k 1M 2 2 2
A B C
r1  4 R sin cos cos
r1  r  12k  2k 2 2 2
cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
 10k  2  5k   2 R 1
sin 450 
2
r1  r  2 R 1M

A B C A B C
4 R sin cos cos  4 R sin sin sin  2 R
2 2 2 2 2 2 1M

A B C B C
4 R sin cos cos  sin sin
2  2 2 2 2 

A  BC  cos A cos B  sin A sin B  cos  A  b 

4 R sin cos    2R
2  2 

A  A
4 R sin cos  900    2 R
2  2

A A
4 R sin sin  2 R
2 2

A
4 R sin 2  2R
2

A
2sin 2 1
2

A 1
sin 2 
2 2

A 1
sin 
2 2

A
sin  sin 450
2

A
 450
2

A  900 3M

50. Prove that a3 cos  B  C   b3 cos  C  A   C 3 cos  A  B   3abc

Sol: LHS  a 3 cos  B  C   b3 cos  C  A   C 3 cos  A  B 

  a 3 cos  B  C 

  a3 a cos  B  C 
   a 2  2 R sin A  cos  B  C 

  a 2 .2 R sin 1800   B  C   .cos  B  C 

2M

  a 2 .R  2 sin  B  C  cos  B C  
2sin A cos B  sin  A  B   sin  A  B 
  a R  sin  B  C  B  C   sin  B  C  B  C  
2

  a 2 R  sin 2 B  sin 2C 

  a 2 R  2 sin B.cos B  2 sin C .cos C  sin 2 B  2 sin B cos B

sin 2 A  2 sin A cos A
  a 2  2 R sin B.cos B  2 R sin C .cos C 

  a 2  b cos B  c cos C 
3M

 a 2b cos B  b 2c cos C  c 2 a cos A  a 2c cos C  b 2 a cos A  c 2b cos B a  2 R sin A

b  2 R sin C
 ab  a cos B  b cos A   bc  b cos c  c cos B   ca  c cos A  a cos C 

 ab  c   bc  a   ca  b  a  b cos C  c cos B
b  c cos A  a cos C
 3abc c  b cos A  a cos B

=RHS

MATRICES


1. If     ,then show that
2

 cos 2  cos  sin    cos 2  cos  sin  

  
 cos  sin  sin 2    cos  sin  sin 2  

Sol: Give 
cos 0
 2
   cos 2  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
2


 
2


cos      cos
2

cos      0
1M

 cos 2  cos  sin    cos 2  cos  sin  

LHS     
 cos  sin  sin 2    cos  sin  sin 2  
  cos2  cos 2   cos  sin  cos  sin  cos 2  cos  sin   cos  sin  sin 2  
 
  cos  sin  cos 2   sin 2  cos  sin  cos  sin  cos  sin   sin 2  sin 2  
 
 

 cos  cos  cos     cos  sin  cos     

=  
 cos  sin  cos     sin  sin  cos      2M

0 0
 0
0 0

=RHS 1M

1 0  0 1 3
2. If I    and E    then show that  aI  bE   a 3 I  3a 2bE
0 1  0 0

1 0 0 1
Sol: Given I    E 
0 1  0 0

1 0 0 1
aI  bE  a    b 0 0
0 1   

 a 0  0 b 
 0 a   0 0
   

a b 
0 a
 
2
 aI  bE    aI  bE  .  aI  bE 
1M

a b   a b 
  
0 a   0 a 

 a 2  0 ab  ab 
 2 
 00 0 a 

a 2 2ab 
 
0 a2 
1M

LHS
3 2
 aI  bE    aI  bE  .  aI  bE 

a 2 2ab   a b 
  
0 a 2  0 a 
 a 3  0 a 2b  2 a 2 b 
 
 00 0  a3 

 a3 3a 2b 
 
0 a3 
1M

RHS= a 3 I  3a 2b

1 0  0 1
a3    3a 2b  
0 1  0 0

1 0  0 1
a3    3a 2b  
0 1  0 0

 a3 0  0 3a 2b 
  
0 a3  0 0 

 a3  0 0  3a 2 b 
 
 00 a3  0 

 a 3 3a 2b 
 
0 a3 
1M

L .H .S  R.H .S
3
 aI  bE   a 3 I  3a 2bE

1 2 2
3. If 3 A   2 1 2  then show that A1  AT

 2 2 1

1 2 2
Sol:- Given 3 A   2 1 2 

 2 2 1

1 2 2
A  1/ 3 2 1 2 

 
 2 2 1

1 2 2 
A  1/ 3  2 1 2 
T
 
 2 2 1 1M
 1 2 2 1 2 2 
A. A  1 / 3 2 1 2 1/ 3  2 1 2 
T  
   
 2 2 1  2 2 1

 1 4  4 2  2  4 2  4  2 

1/ 9 2  2  4 4  1  4 4  2  2 
 
 2  4  2 4  2  2 4  4  1 

9 0 9 
 1 / 9  0 9 0
 
 0 0 9 

1 0 0
1 
 .9 0 1 0
9  
 0 0 1 
2M

I

 AAT  I

AT  A1 1M

(OR)

A. AT  I  1

Similarly AT .A  I   2 

From (1) and (2)

A. AT  AT .A  I

AB  BA  I

B  A I

AT  A1

 1 2 
 2 1 2 
B   3 0  then verify that  AB   BT . AT
T
4. If A     
1 3 4   5 4 

 1 2 
 2 1 2 
Sol:- Given A    B   3 0 
 
1 3 4   5 4 
  1 2 
 2 1 2   
AB     3 0 
1 3  4 
 5 4 

 2  3  10 4  0  8 
 
1  9  20 2  0  16 

 15 4 
 
 28 18 1M

T 15 28
 AB   
 4 18

2 1 
1 3 5  
1 3 
T T T
 AB   B .A     
 2 0 4   
 2 4
1M

 2  3  10 1  9  20 
 
 4  0  8 2  0  16 

15 28
 
 4  18  2M
T
 AB   BT . AT

(5) Find the value of ‘x’

x 2 2x  3 3x  4
IF x  4 2x  9 3x  16  0
x  8 2 x  27 3x  64

x 2 2x  3 3x  4
Sol: Given x  4 2x  9 3x  16  0
x  8 2 x  27 3x  64
R2  R2  Rl
R3  R3  R1
1M
x 2 2x  3 3x  4
 x 4  x 2 2x  9  2 x  3 3 x  16  3x  4  0
x  8  x  2 2 x  27  2 x  3 3 x  64  3x  4
x  2 2 x  3 3x  4
 2 6 12  0
6 24 16
x  2 2x  3 3x  4
 (2)(6) 1 3 6 0
1 4 10
1M
  12  x  2  30  24    2 x  3 10  6    3x  4 1    0

  x  2  6   2 x  3  4    3x  4 1  0
 6 x  12  8 x  12  3 x  4  0
 x4 0
x4 1M
 3 3 4 
(6) If A  2 3 4  then show that A3  A1
 0 1 1 

 3 3 4 
Sol: Given A  2 3 4 
 0 1 1 

 3 3 4   3 3 4 
A  A. A   2 3 4  2 3 4 
2

 0 1 1  0 1 1 

9  6  0 9  9  4 12  12  4   3 4 4 
 6  6  0 6  9  4 8  12  4    0 1 0 
 0  2  0 0  3  1 0  4  1   2 2 3
1M
 3 4 4   3 4 4   9  0  8 12  4  8 12  0  12  1 0 0 
A  A . A   0 1 0   0 1 0    0  0  0
4 2 2
0 1 0 0  0  0   0 1 0   
 2 2 3  2 2 3  6  0  6 8  2  6 8  0  9  0 0 1 
2M
4
A 
A.A3  
A3  A1 1M
(OR)
A. A3    (1)
similorlyA3 .A    (2)
From(1)and (2)
A. A3  A3 . A  
AB  BA  
B  AT
A3  At
1 2 2 
(7) If A  2 1 2  Then show that A2  4 A  5  0
2 2 1 

1 2 2 
Sol: Given A  2 1 2 
2 2 1 

A2  A.A
1 2 2  1 2 2 1  4  4 2  2  4 2  4  2  9 8 8 
 2 1 2  2 1 2  2  2  4 4  1  4 4  2  2   8 9 8 
2 2 1  2 2 1 2  4  2 4  2  2 4  4  1 8 8 9 
1M
 1 2 2   4 8 8 
4 A  4 2 1 2    8 4 8 
2 2 1   8 8 4 
1M
1 0 0  5 0 0 
5  5  0 1 0   0 5 0 
 0 0 1   0 0 5
1M
A2  4 A  5
9 8 8   4 8 8   5 0 0 
 8 9 8   8 4 8   0 5 0 
8 8 9  8 8 4  0 0 5

9  4  5 8  8  0 8  8  0  0 0 0 
 8  8  0 9  4  5 8  8  0   0 0 0 
8  8  0 8  8  0 9  4  5 0 0 0 
 A2  4 A  5  0 1M
 cos sin   cos n sin n 
8. If A    then show that for all positive Intiger ‘n’ An  
 sin cos   sin n cos n 
Sol: we solve this problem by using mathematical induction let p(n), be the gown statement
 cos n sin n 
P  n   An   
  sin n cos n  1M
Put n=1
 cos  sin   cos sin  cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
A   A1  
L.H.S   sin cos    sin cos  sin  A  B   sin A cos B  cos A sin B
L.H.S  R.H.S
P(n) is true for n = 1
We can prove assume that p(n) is true for n = k
 cos k sin k 
Ak   
 sin k cos k  1M
We can prove that p(n) is true for n = k+1

 cos k sin k   cos sin 

Ak 1  Ak .A1  
  sin k cos k    sin cos 

 cos k cos  sin k sin cos k sin  sin k cos  


  sin k cos   cos k sin  sin k sin  cos k cos 

 cos  k    sin  k      cos  k  1  sin  k  1  

  
  sin  k    cos  k      sin  k  1  cos  k  1  
1M
 p(n) is true for n = k+1
By the principle of mathematical induction p(n) is true for all   n  N 1M
 ADDITION OF VECTORS

9. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon with centre ‘O’ show that AB+AC+AD+AE+AF=3AD=6AO

Sol: Given ABCDEF be a regular hexagon with centre ‘O’

LHS  AB  AC  AD  AE  AF

  
 AB  AE  AD  AC  AF  E D

F C
O
  
 AB  BD  AD  AC  CD  A B 2M

 AD  AD  AD
AE  BD
 3AD AF  CD
AD  2 AO

 3 2 AO 
 6AO 3M

10. In ABC if ‘O’ is the circumcentre and H is the orthocentre, then show that

i) OA  OB  OC  OH ii) HA  HB  HC  2 HO

sol:- O is the circumcetre and H is the orthocentre

Let D be the midpoint of BC 1M

BD  DC

BD  DC  0

2OD  OB  OC  1

Now HAG, GDO are similar

AH AG 2 AH 2
   
OD GD 1 OD 1 1M
 2OD  AH

i )OA  OB  OC  OA  2OD

 OA  AH

 OH 1M

ii ) HA  HB  HC  OA  OH  OB  OH  OC  OH


 OA  OB  OC  3OH 
 OH  3OH

 2OH  2 HO 1M

11. If the points whose position vectors are 3i  2 j  k , 2i  3 j  4k , i  j  2k , 4i  5 j   k are

146
coplanar then show that  
17

Sol: Let ‘O’ be the origin

Given vectors are AB,AC,AD are coplanar
OA  3i  2 j  k  AB AC AD   O
 

OB  2i  3 j  4k

OC  i  j  2k

OD  4i  5 j   k


AB  OB  OA  2i  3 j  4k  3i  2 j  k 
 2i  3 j  4k  3i  2 j  k

AB  i  5 j  3k


AC  OC  OA  i  j  2k  3i  2 j  k 
 i  j  2k  3i  2 j  k

AC  4i  3 j  3k


AD  OD  OA  4i  5 j   k  3i  2 j  k 
 4i  5 j   k  3i  2 j  k

AD  i  7 j  k    1
 Given vectors are coplanar, the  AB AC AD   0
2M

1 5 3
4 3 3  a b c   0
1 7  1

3 3 4 3 4 3
1 5   3 0
7  1 1  1 1 7

1 3    1  21  5  4    1  3   3  28  3  0

1 3  3  21   4  4  3   3  31  0

1 3  18   5  4  7   93  0

3  18  20  35  93  0

17  146  0

17  146

146

17 2M

12. a,b,c are non-coplanar prove that the following four points are coplanar

i) a  4b  3c,3a  2b  5c, 3a  8b  5c, 3a  2b  c

sol : Given position vectors are

OA   a  4b  3c AB, AC , AD are coplanar   AB AC AD   0

OB  3a  2b  5c

OC  3a  3b  5c

OD  3a  2b  c 1M


AB  OB  OA  3a  2b  5c   a  4b  3c 
 3a  2b  5c  a  4b  3c

AB  4a  2b  2c

AC  OC  OA

  
 3a  3b  5c   a  4b  3c 
 3a  3b  5c  a  4b  3c
 2a  b  8c

AD  OD  OA  3a  2b  c   a  4b  3c  
 3a  2b  c  a  4b  3c

AD  2a  2b  4c 1M

4 2 2
 AB AC AD   2 4 2 a b c
   
2 2 4

 4 2 2 2 2 4 
 4   2    2  
 2 4 2 4 2 2 

  4 16  4   2  8  4   2  4  8    a b c    4 12   2  12   2 12    a b c 

  48  24  24  a b c 

  48  48  a b c 

O   AB AC AD 

Given points are coplanar 2M

13. a,b,c are coplanar vectors .prove that the following four points are coplanar
6a  2b  c, 2a  b  3c,  a  2b  4c,12a  b  3c

Given point are A,B,C,D position vectors are

AB  OB  OA  2a  b  3c  6a  2b  c  
 2a  b  3c  6a  2b  c

AB  4a  3b  4c

AC  OC  OA  a  2b  4c  6a  2b  c  
  a  2b  4c  6a  2b  c

AC  7 a  3c

AD  OD  OA  12a  b  3c  6a  2b  c  
 12a  b  3c  6a  2b  c

 18a  3b  2c 2M
 4 3 4
 AB AC AD   7 0 3  a b c 
   
18 3 2

 0 3 7 3 7 0 
  4   3 4 
 3 2 18 2 18 3 

  4  0  9   3 14  54   4  21  0    a b c 

  4  9   3  40   4  21   a b c 

  36  120  84  a b c 

 120  120  a b c 

=0 2M

The given point A,B,C,D, are coplanar

14. If i,j,k are unit vectors along the positive directions of the coordinates axes then show that the
four points 4i  5 j  k ,  j  k ,3i  a j  4k and 4i  4 j  4k are coplanar

Sol: given point are A,B,C,D be position vectors

OA  4 j  5 j  k AB, AC , AD are coplanar   AB AC AD   0

OB   j  k

OC  3i  9 j  4k

OD  4 j  4 j  4k 1M

  
AB  OB  OA   j  k  4i  5 j  k 
  j  k  4i  5 j  k

AB  4i  6 j  2k

AC  OC  OA  3i  9 j  4k   4i  5 j  k 

 3i  9 j  4k  4 j  5 j  k

AC  i  4 j  3k

AD  OD  OA  4i  4 j  4k  4i  5 j  k  
 4i  4 j  4k  4i  5 j  k
 AD  8i  j  3k 1M

4 6 2
 AB AC AD   1 4 3
 
8 1 3

  4 12  3  6  3  24   2 1  32 

  4 15   6  21  2  33 

  60  126  66

 126  126 

=0

Given point are coplanar 2M

15. In the dimensional plane prove by using vector method the equation of the line whose intercept on
x y
the axes are ‘a’ and ‘b’   1
a b
B(0,B)
 
Sol: let i, j be units vectors along Ox , Oy
P(x,y)
Let OA  ai, OB  b j and A  a, 0  B  0, b 
j
r Y
Let r  OP ,let M be the projection of axis

 r  OM  MP O x M i A(a,0)

r  xi  y j  1
1M

Vector equation of the line passing through A,B is r  1  t  a  tb, t  R,

 
r  1  t  OA  t OB , t  R

 
r  1  t  ai  t b j , t  R

 
r  1  t  ai  t b j   2 
1M

Comparing i and j coefficient

x  1  t  a y  tb

x y
 1  t   3  t   4
a b 1M
 x y
Add  3 &  4    1 t  t
a b

x y x y
   1 equation of the line having intercepts ‘a’ and ‘b’ is   1
a b a b 1M

16. Find the vector equation of the place passing through points 4i  3 j  k , 3i  7 j  10k and
2i  5 j  7k and show that the point i  2 j  3k line in the plane

Sol: given point are

AB,AC,AD are coplanar  AB AC AD   0
OA  4i  3 j  k

OB  3i  7 j  10k

OC  2i  5 j  7 k

OD  i  2 j  3k 1M

Vector equation of the plane passing through the point A,B,C, is

     
r  1  t  s  OA  t OB  OC , s, t  R

    
r  1  t  s  4i  3 j  k  t 3i  7 j  10k  s 2i  5 j  7k 
AB  OB  OA  3i  7 j  10k   4 j  3 j  k 
1M

 3i  7 j  10k  4i  3 j  k

 AB  i  10 j  9k


AC  OC  OA  2i  5 j  7k  4i  3 j  k 
 2i  5 j  7k  4i  3 j  k

AC  2i  8 j  6k


AD  OD  OA  i  2 j  3k  4i  3 j  k 
 i  2 j  3k  4i  3 j  k

AD  3i  5 j  2k

1 10 9
 AB AC AD   2 8 6
 
3 5 2
1M
 8 6 2 6 2 8
 1  10   9 
5 2 3 2 3 5

 1 16  30   10  4  18   9  10  24 

 114   10  14   9 14 

 14  140  126

 140  140  0

The points i  2 j  3k lies in the plane 1M

17. If a b c are co-planar vectors .then test for the collinearity of the following points whose position
vectors are given by

i) a  2b  3c. 2a  2b  4c, 7b  10c

OA  a  2b  3c A,B,C are collinear then AB. AC

OB  2a  3b  4c

Oc  7b  10c 1M

AB  OB  OA   2a  3b  4c    a  2b  3c 

 2a  3b  4c  a  2b  3c

 a  5b  7c 1M

  
AC  OC  OA  7b  10c  a  2b  3c 
 7b  10c  a  2b  3c

AC  a  5b  7c 1M

AB    AB 
 
AB   AC
AB   1 AC

  1 1M

Given point are collinear

18. 3a  4b  3c, 4a  5b  6c 4a  7b  6c

Sol:- OA  3a  4b  3c

OB  4a  5b  6c
 OC  4a  7b  6c

  
AB  OB  OA  4a  5b  6c  3a  4b  3c 
 4a  5b  6c  3a  4b  3c

 7 a  9b  9c 2M

  
AC  OC  OA  4a  7b  6c  3a  4b  3c 
4a  7b  6c  3a  4b  3c

 a  3b  3c

but AB   AC 2M

Given points are non-collinear

19. 2a  5b  4c, a  4b  3c 4a  7b  6c

Sol:-Given vectors OA  2a  5b  4c

OB  a  4b  3c

OC  4a  7b  6c

AB  OB  OA   a  4b  3c    2a  5b  4c 

 a  4b  3c  2a  5b  4c

 a  b  c 2M

  
AC  OC  OA  4a  7b  6c  2a  5b  4c 
 4a  7b  6c  2a  5b  4c

 2a  2b  2c

 
 2  a  b  c  2 AB

 
AC  2 AB
2M

Given points are collinear

 PRODUCT OF VECTORS

1
20. Prove that the smaller angle  between any two diagonals of a cube is given by cos 
3

Y
C E

G
F
J

O
K I B X
A D
z
1M
 
Let OABCDEFG be a cube of length a units let i jk be the unit vectors in the directions of OAOBOC
respectively

Let OA  ai OB  a j OC  ak

Then diagonals

OG  OA  AE  EG

OA  OB  OC

ai  a j  ak

AF  AO  OB  BF

 OA  OB  OC

  ai  b j  ck 1M

cos 
 OG.AF  a  a   a  a   a  a 
OG AF a 2  a 2  a 2 a 2  a 2   a 2

a2  a2  a2
cos  
3a 2 3a 2

a2
cos   2
3a

1
cos 
3

1
  cos 1
3 2M
21.Find the volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are 1, 2,1 ,  3, 2, 5  ,  2  1, 0  &  1, 0,1 given
vertices of tetrahedron

Sol: Let A  1, 2,1 B   3, 2,5  C   2, 1, 0  D   1, 0,1

then OA  i  2 j  k , OB  3i  2 j  5k , OC  2i  j, OD  i  k

AB  OB  OA  3i  2 j  5k  i  2 j  k

 2i  4k

AC  OC  OA  2i  j  i  2 j  k  i  3 j  k

AD  OD  OA  i  k  i  2 j  k  2i  2 j 1M

2 0 4
 AB AC AD  1 3 1
 
2 2 0

3 1 1 1 1 3
2 0 4
2 0 2 0 2 2

 2  0  2   0  4  2  6 

 2  2   4  8 

 4  32  36 1M

1
Volume of tetrahedraon A,B,C,D is  AB AC AD 
6 

1
 36
6

= 6 cubic units

22. Find the volume of the tetrahedron having the edges i  j  k , i  j and i  2 j  k

Sol: given a  i  j  k , b  i  j c  i  2 j  k

1 1 1
 abc   1 1 0
 
1 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 2

 1 1  0   11  0   1 2  1
  1 1  11  1  3   1  1  3  1
2M

1
Volume of tetrahedron with vertices a, bc is  a b c
6 

1 1
 1  cubic units 2M
6 6

23. Find the volume of the parallelepiped whose coterminus edges are represented by the vectors
2i  3 j  k , i  j  2k and 2i  j  k

Sol:- let a a  2i  3 j  k : b  i  j  2k : c  2i  j  k

2 3 1
1 2 1 2 1 1
 a b c   1 1 2  2  3  1
  1 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 1

 2 1  2   3  1  4   1 1  2 

 2  1  3  1  4   11  2 

 2  15  3  14

 14 2M

Volume of parallelepiped whose coterminus edges are a,b,c is  a b c   14

=14 2M

24. Determine  ,for which the volume of the parallelepiped having coterminus edges i  j ,3i  j and
3 j   k is 16 cubic units

Sol: Given a  i  j b  3i  j c  3 j   k

1 1 0
1 0 3 0 3 1
 a b c   3 1 0  1 1 
  3  0  0 3
0 3 

 1   0   1  3  0   0  9  0 

   3  0

 4 2M

Given volume of parallelepiped having coterminus edges a,b,c is  a b c   16

4  16

4  16
 16

4

  4 2M

25. Find the units vector perpendicular to the plane passing through the points 1, 2, 3 ,  2, 1,1 and
1, 2, 4 
Sol: given points are A  1, 2,3 B   2, 1,1 C  1, 2, 4 

Let O be the origin .Then positive vectors are

OA  i  2 j  3k

OB  2i  j  k

OC  i  2 j  4k

AB  OB  OA  2i  j  k  i  2 j  3k

 2i  j  k  i  2 j  3k

 i  3 j  2k

AC  OC  OA  i  2 j  4k  i  2 j  3k

 7k 1M

i j k
3 2 1 2 1 3
AB  AC  1 3 2  i j k
0 7 0 7 0 0
0 0 7

 i  21  0   j  7  0   k  0  0 

 21i  7 j 1M

2 2
AB  AC  21   7   441  49  490  49 10  7 10

Units vector perpendicular to plane passing through A,B,C is


 AB  AC     21i  7 j 
AB  AC 7 10

7  3i  j 

7 10
 3i  j

10 2M

26. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices area A  1, 2,3 B   2,3,1 C   3,1, 2 

Sol: Given vertices of triangles

A  1, 2,3 B   2,3,1 C   3,1, 2 

Then AB  OB  OA  2i  3 j  k   i  2 j  3k 

 2i  3 j  k  i  2 j  3k

 i  j  2k

AC  OC  OA  3i  j  2k   i  2 j  3k 

 3i  j  3k  i  2 j  3k

 2i  j  k 1M

i kj
1 2 1 2 1 1
AB  AC  1 2  i
1 j k
1 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 1

 i   1  2   j  1  4   k  1  2 

 3i  3 j  3k 1M

2 2 2
AB  AC   3   3   3  999

 27

1
Area of the triangle  AB  AC
2

1
 27
2

27 3 3
 sq units 1M
2 2

 
27. If a  2i  j  k , b  i  2 j  4k , c  i  j  k the find a  b . b  c 
i j k
ab  2 1 1  i  4  2   j  8  1  k  4  1
1 2 4
1M
  2i  9 j  5k

i j k
b  c  1 2 4  i  2  4   j  1  4   k  1  2 
1 1 1

 6i  3 j  3k 1M

 a  b  . b  c   2  6   9  3  5  3
 12  27  15

 54 2M

28. Show that angle in a semi circle is a right angle

Sol: let APB be a semi circle with centre ‘O’

OA  OB  OP also OB  OA P


AP.BP  OP  OA OP  OB  
A O B

 OP  OA OP  OA 
 OP 2  OA2

 OA2  OA2

AP.BP  0

APB  900

Angle in a semi circle is right angle  le 4M

TRIGNOMETRIC RATIOS UPTO TRANSFROMATIONS

29. If A  B  450 Then prove that 1  TanA 1  TanB   2

Sol: Given A  B  450

Applying ‘tan’ on both sides

tan  A  B   tan 450

tan A  tan B tan A  tan B

1 1M tan  A  B  
1  tan A.tan B 1  TanA  TanB

tan A  tan B  1  tan A tan B tan 450  1

 tan A  tan B  tan A tan B  1

Adding ‘1’ on both sides 1M

1  tan A  tan B  tan A tan B  1  1

1  tan A  tan B 1  tan A   2

1  tan A 1  tan B   2 2M

30. If A  B  450 Then prove that  cot A  1 cot B  1  2

Sol: Given A  B  450

Applying “cot” on both sides

cot  A  B   cot 450 cot A cot B  1

cot  A  B  
1) cot B  cot A
0
cot ACotB  1 2) 2) cot 45  1
1 1M
cot B  cot A

 cot A cot B  1cot B  cot A

cot B cot A  1  cot B cot A

Adding ‘1’ on both sides

cot A cot B  cot B  cot A  1  1  1

cot B  cot A  1  1  cot A  1  2

 cot A  1 cot B  1  2 2M

3
31. If A  B  Then show that 1tan A 1  tan B   2
4

3
Sol: Given A  B 
4 tan A  tan B
tan  A  B  
1  tan A tan B
A  B  1350
tan  90      cot 
0

Appling ‘tan’ on both sides cot 450  1

tan  A  B   tan1350

tan A  tan B
 tan  900  450 
1  tan A.tan B 1M

tan A  tan B
  cot 450
1  tan A.tan B
 tan A  tan B
 1 1M
1  tan A.tan B

tan A  tan B  1  tan A tan B

tan A  tan B  tan A tan B  1

  tan B  tan A tan B  tan A   1

tan B  tan A tan B  tan A  1

Adding 1 on both sides

tan B  tan A  tan A  1  1  1

tan B 1  tan A   11  tan A   2

1  tan A 1  tan B   2 2M

tan   sec  1 1  sin 

32. Prove that 
tan   sec  1 cos 

tan   sec  1
Sol: Given L.H .S  sec2   Tan2  1
tan   sec  1
a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 
tan   sec    sec 2   Tan 2  sin 
 tan  
tan   sec   1 1M cos 
1
sec  
tan   sec    sec  tan   sec  tan   cos 

tan   sec   1


Tan  sec 1  sec  Tan  1M
tan   sec  1

 tan   sec 

sin  1
 
cos  cos 

sin   1

cos  2M

L.H.S=R.H.S

   3   7   9  1
33. Prove that  1  cos 1  cos  1  cos  1  cos 
 10  10   10   10  16

Sol: Given L.H.S

   3   7   9 
  1  cos 1  cos  1  cos  1  cos 
 10  10   10   10 
    3    3     
  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos      1  cos     
 10  10    10    10   1M

   3  3   
  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos 
 10  10  10  10  cos 1800      cos 

  3 
 a  b  a  b   a 2  b2

  1  cos 2 1  cos 2  1  cos2   sin2
 10  10 
5 1
sin180 
 3 4
 sin 2 .sin 2
10 10 5 1
sin 540 
4
 sin 2 180.sin 2 540
2 2
 5 1   5 1
    
 4   4  1M

2 2
  12 
 
 5

16 
 
 
2
 5 1 
 
 16 
2 2
 4  1
   
 16   4 

1

16 2M

L.H.S=R.H.S

sin16 A
34. I’A’ is not an integral multiple of  .prove that cos A.cos 2 A.cos 4 A.cos 8 A  and hence
16sin A
2 4 8 16 1
deduced that cos .cos .cos .cos 
15 15 15 15 16

sin16 A
Sol: T O P.T cos A.cos 2 A.cos 4 A.cos 8 A  sin 2 A  2sin A cos A
16sin A
sin 4 A  2sin 2 A cos 2 A
 16sin A.cos A.cos 2 A cos 4 A cos 8 A  sin16 A sin 8 A  2sin 4 A cos 4 A
 4sin 4 A cos 4 A cos8 A
L.H.S  16sin A.cos A cos 2 A cos 4 A cos8 A 1M

 8   2 sin A cos A  cos 2 A cos 4 A cos 8 A

 4   2 sin 2 A cos 2 A  cos 4 A cos8 A
sin  3600     sin 
 = 2   2 sin 4 A cos 4 A  cos8 A

 2sin 8 A cos8 A

 sin16 A  R.H .S

 16sin A cos A cos 2 A cos 4 A cos8 A  sin16 A

sin16 A
 cos A.cos 2 A.cos 4 A cos8 A 
16sin A 2M

2
Put A 
15

 2 
sin16  
2  2   2   2   15 
cos .cos 2   cos 4  15  cos8  15  
15  15      16sin 2
15


sin 32
2 4 8 16 15
cos cos cos cos 
15 15 15 15 16sin 
2
15

 2  2
sin  2   sin
  15  15  1
2 2 16
16sin 16sin
15 15 1M

2 4 8 16 1
cos cos cos cos 
15 15 15 15 16

35. Prove that tan 700  tan 200  2 tan 500

700  200  500

Applying ‘tan’ on both sides

tan A  tan B
tan  A  B  
tan  70  20
0 0
  tan 50 0
1M 1  tan A tan B
tan  90     cot 
0

tan 700  tan 200

 tan 500
1  tan 700 tan 200

tan 700  tan 200

 tan 500
1  tan  90  20  tan 20
0 0 0

tan 700  tan 200

 tan 500
1
1  cot 200.
cot 200

tan 700  tan 200  2 tan 500 3M

  3 5 7 3
36. Prove that sin 4  sin 4  sin 4  sin 4 
8 8 8 8 2

Sol: Given L.H.S

 3 5 7
 sin 4  sin 4  sin 4  sin 4
8 8 8 8

        
 sin 4  sin 4     sin 4     sin 4     1M
8 2 8 2 8  8

   
 sin 4  cos 4  cos 4  sin 4 1) sin  900     cos 
8 8 8 8

 
 2sin 4  2cos 4 2) sin  900     cos 
8 8

  
 2  sin 4  cos 4  1M 3) sin 1800     sin 
 8 8

 2  2  2  2  2
 2  sin    cos   4) a 2  b 2   a  b   2ab
 8  8  

2
 2  2    
 2  sin  cos   2sin 2 cos 2  5) 2sin A cos A  sin 2 A
 8 8 8 8 

   1
 2  1  2 sin 2 cos 2  6) sin 450
 8 8 2

 
 2  2 2 sin 2 cos 2
8 8 1M
2
  
 2   2 sin cos 
 8 8

2
   
 2   sin 2   
  84  

1
 2
2

4 1

2

3

2 1M

L.H.S=R.H.S
  2 3 4 5
37. Prove that sin sin sin sin 
5 5 5 5 16

Sol:Given L.H.S

 2 3 4
 sin sin sin sin
5 5 5 5

 2  2   
 sin sin    sin     1) sin  900     cos  .
5 5  5   5 1M

 2 2 
 sin sin sin sin 2) sin  900     cos 
5 5 5 5

 2 2
 sin 2 sin 3) sin 1800     sin 
5 5

10  2 5
 sin 2 360 cos 2 360 2M 4) sin 2 360 
16

 10  2 5   10  2 5  10  2 5
     5) sin 2 360 
 16   16  16



100  2 5  
100  20
6)  a  b  a  b   a 2  b 2
16  16 16  16

80

16  16

5

16 1M

L.H.S=R.H.S

TRIGNAMETRIC EQAUTION

38. Solve 2cos 2   3 sin   1  0

Sol: Given 2cos 2   3 sin   1  0

2 1  sin 2    3 sin   1  0
cos2   1  sin 2 
general solution of sin   sin  is
2  2sin 2   3 sin   1  0 2sin 2n   3 sin   1  0
  n   1  , n  z
2sin 2   3 sin   1  0

2sin 2   2 3 sin   3 sin   3  0

 2sin  sin   3   3 sin   3   0

sin   3  0  or  2sin   3  0
2M

Case-I

sin   3  0

sin    3

It has no solution

Case-II 2sin   3  0

2sin   3

3 
sin    sin
2 3



3
n
General solution of sin   sin  is   n   1  , n  z

n 
  n   1 , n  z 2M
3

39. Solve 2  sin x  cos x   3

Sol: Given 2  sin x  cos x   3

 1
sin 
4 2
2 sin x  2 cos x  3
 1
cos 
Dividing by ‘2’ on both side 1M 4 2
cos A cos B  sin A sin B  cos  A  B 
2 2 3 G.S of cos   cos  is   2n   , n  z
sin x  cos x 
2 2 2

1 1 3
sin x  cos x 
2 2 2

  3
sin sin x  cos cos x 
4 4 2

  
cos  x    cos
 4 6 1M

General of cos   cos  is   2n   , n  z

  
 x  2n  , n  z
4 6

 
 x  2n   , n  z
6 4 2M

 
40. Solve the equation cot 2 x   
3  1 cot x  3  0 :  0  x  
 2

Sol: Given cot 2 x   

3  1 cot x  3  0

cot 2 x  3 cot x  cot x  3  0 G.S of Tan  Tan is   n   , n  z

cot x  cot x  3   1 cot x  3   0

 cotx  3   cot x  1  0
cot x  3  0  or  cot x  1  0
1M

Case-I

cot x  3  0

1
cot x  3  Tanx 
3


Tanx  Tan
6

General solution of Tan  Tan is   n   , n  z


x  n  , n  z
6 1M


Put n  0, x 
6

Case –II

cot x  1  0

cot x  1  T an x  1


tan x  Tan450  or  Tan
4

General solution of Tan  Tan is   n   , n  z


x  n  , n  z
4
 
Put n  0, x 
4

  
x , 0  x  
6 4 2 2M

41. Find the values of x in   ,   satisfying the equation

2
81cos x cos x  .......  43
1 cos x  cos 2 x 1
Sol: given 8  .......  42 1  cos  cos 2 x  .... 
1  cos x
2 G.s of cos  cos  is   2n   , n  z
81coxcos x .....64

2
x ....82
81 cos x cos
1  cos x  cos 2 x  ..........  2 1M

1
2
1  cos x

1  2 1  cos x 

1  2  2cos x

2cos x  2  1  1

1 
cos x   cos
2 3 1M

General solution of cos  cos  is   2 n   , n  z


x  2n  , n  z
3


Put n  0, x   ;   ,  
3 2M

42.Solve sin x  3 cos x  2

Sol: Given sin x  3 cos x  2

Dividing by ‘2’ on both sides

1 3 2
sin x  cos x 
2 2 2 1M

  1
sin sin x  cos cos x 
6 6 2
   
cos  x    cos
 6 4

General solution of cos  cos  is   2 n   , n  z 2M

 
x  2n  , n  z
6 4

 
x  2n   , n  z
4 6 1M

43. solve 1  sin 2   3sin  cos 

Sol: Given 1  sin 2   3sin  cos 

Dividing by ‘ cos 2  ’ on both sides 1

2
 sec 2 
cos 
1 sin 2  3sin  cos  sin 
   Tan
cos2  cos 2  cos 2  cos 
sec 2   1  T an 2 
sec 2   Tan 2  3Tan G.S of Tan  Tan is   n   , n  z
1  Tan 2  Tan 2  3Tan  0

2Tan 2  3Tan  1  0

2Tan 2  2Tan  Tan  1  0

2Tan Tan  1  1Tan  1  0

Tan  1 2Tan 1  0

Tan  1  0  or  2Tan  1  0
2M

Case-i: Tan  1  0

Tan  1


Tan  Tan
4

General solution of Tan  Tan is   n   , n  z


  n  , n  z
4 1M

Case-ii 2Tan  1  0

1 1
2Tan  1  Tan     Tan 1
2 2
 1
Let   Tan 1
2

General solution of Tan  Tan is   n   , n  z

 1
  n   , n  z    Tan 1 
 2 1M

  1
44.If Tan   cos    cot   sin   ,then prove that cos      
 4 2 2

Sol: Given Tan  cos   cot  sin  

 
Tan   cos    Tan    sin  
2 

General solution of Tan  Tan is   n   , n  z 2M


 cos  n    sin  , n  z
2

 cos A cos B  sin A  sin B  cos  A  B 

 cos    sin   n 
2

 1
  cos   sin     n   
 2

2n  1
cos  sin  
2

Dividing by ‘ 2 ’ on both sides

1 1 2n  1
cos  sin  
2 2 2 2

  2n  1
cos cos   sin sin  
4 4 2 2

   2n  1
cos     
 4 2 2 2M

  1
cos        n  1, 0
 4 2 2

45. If 1,2 are solution of the equation a cos 2  b sin 2  c, Tan1  Tan2 and a  c  0 then find the
values of

i) Tan1  Tan 2 ii) Tan1Tan2 iii) Tan 1   2 

sol: Given a cos 2  b sin 2  c

  1  Tan 2   2Tan  1  Tan 2
a b c cos 2 
2 
1  Tan   1  Tan 2
2
1  Tan  
2Tan
sin 2 
a 1  Tan 2   2bTan 1  Tan 2
c ax2  bx  c  0
1  tan 2 
 ,  are roots
a  aTan 2  2bTan  C 1  Tan 2  b
sum of roots    
a
c
a  a tan 2   2b tan   c  cTan 2 product of roots  
a
C  CTan2  a  aTan2  2b tan   0 TanA  TanB
Tan  A  B  
1  TanATanB
.
 c  a  Tan 2  2b tan    c  a   0 2M

This is quadratic equation in Tan

Tan1  Tan 2 are roots of a equation a  c  a, b  2b, c  c  a

b   2b  2b
i) Tan1  Tan 2   
a ca ca

c ca
ii) Tan1  Tan 2  
a ca 1M
2b 2b
Tan1  Tan 2 2b b
iii) Tan 1   2    ca  ca  
1  Tan1.Tan 2 1  c  a c  a  c  a 2a a
ca ca 1M

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1 1 1 
46. Prove that Tan1  Tan1  Tan 1 
2 5 8 4

1 1 1
Sol: L.H.S= Tan 1  Tan 1  Tan 1  x y 
2 5 8 tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1  
1  xy 
 1 1   
   1 tan    1
 Tan 1  2 5   Tan 1 4
11 8
1  
 2 5 

 x y 
Tan1 x  Tan 1 y  T an 1  
1  xy 

7 1
Tan 1    Tan 1   2M
9 8
  
Tan    1
4

 7 1 
  
 Tan 1  9 8 
7 1
1  . 
 9 8

 56  9 
   65 
 Tan 1  72   tan 1  
72  7  65 
 
 72 

 Tan 1 1

 
 Tan 1  Tan 
 4 2M


  R.H .S
4

1 1 1 
Tan 1  Tan 1  Tan 1 
2 5 8 4

47.If Sin1x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z   then prove that

x 1  x 2  y 1  y 2  z 1  z 2  2 xyz

Sol: Given Sin1x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z   1  sin 2 A  cos A

2sin A cos A  sin 2 A
Let A  sin 1 x B  sin 1 y C  sin 1 z sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2C  4sin A  sin B sin C
sin A  x sin B  y sin C  z

Now A  B  C   1M

L.H.S  x 1  x 2  y 1  y 2  z 1  z 2

 sin A 1  sin 2 A  sin B 1  sin 2 B  sin C 1  sin 2 C 1M

 sin A cos A  sin B cos B  sin C cos C

Multiplying and dividing by ‘2’

1
  2sin A cos A  2sin B cos B  2sin C cos C 
2 1M

1
 sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2C 
2
 1 2
 4 sin A sin B sin C 
2

 2sin A sin B sin C

 2xyz 1M

R.H.S

L.H.S=R.H.S

4 1 
48. Prove that sin 1  2Tan 1 
5 3 2

4 1
L.H .S  sin 1  2Tan 1
5 3  1  x2 
2Tan 1 x  cos 1  2 
1 x 
 1
1  
1 4 1  sin 1 x  cos 1 x 
sin  cos  9  2
5 1
1  
 9

 9 1 
4  
sin 1  cos 1  9 
5 9 1
 
 9 

4 8
 sin 1  cos 1
5 10

4 4
 sin 1  cos 1
5 5

  1 1 

2 sin  cos x  2 
 

=R.H.S

4 1 
sin 1  2Tan 1 
5 3 2 4M

3 8 36
49. Prove that sin 1  sin 1  cos 1
5 17 85

3 8
Sol: let A  sin 1 and B  sin 1 cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
5 17

3 8
sin A  sin B 
5 17

4 15
cos A  cos B 
5 17 1M
 Now cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
1M

4 15 3 8
  
5 17 5 17

60 24

85 85

60  24 36

85 85

36
cos  A  B  
85

 36 
A  B  cos 1  
 85 

3 8 36
sin 1  sin 1  cos1
5 17 85 2M

3 5  323 

50. Prove that 2sin 1    cos 1    cos 1  
5  13   325 

3  3 9 
Sol: consider 2sin 1    sin 1  2 x 1  
5  5 25 

 6 25  9 
 sin 1   
2sin 1 x  sin 1 2 x 1  x 2 
5 25 
cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
 6 16 
 sin 1  
 5 25 

6 4
 sin 1   
5 5

 3  24 
2sin 1    sin 1  
5  25  1M

24 5
letA  sin 1 and B  cos 1  
25  13 

24 5
sin A  cos B 
25 13

7 12
cos A  sin B 
25 13

Now cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B

1M
 7 5 24 12
   
25 13 25 13

35 288 35  288 323

  
325 325 325 325

323  323 
cos  A  B    A  B  cos 1  
325  325 

3 5  323 

2sin 1    cos 1    cos 1  
5  13   325  2M

 4 2
51.Find the value of Tan  cos 1  Tan1 
 5 3

4 2
letA  cos1 and B  Tan1
5 3

4 2
cos A  TanB 
5 3 1M

3
TanA 
4

TanA  TanB
Now Tan  A  B  
1  TanA  TanB 1M

3 2

4 3
3 2
1 
4 3

98
12  17
12  6 6
12

17
Tan  A  B  
6 2M

 4 2  17
Tan cos 1  Tan 1  
 5 3 6

4  7   117 
52.Prove that sin 1    sin 1    sin 1  
5  25   125 

4  7 
letA  sin 1   B  sin 1  
5  25 

4 7
sin A  sin B 
5 25 1M
 3 24
cos A  cos B 
5 25

Now sin  A  B   sin A cos B  cos A sin B

4 24 3 7
   
5 25 5 25

96 21 96  21
  
125 125 125

117

125

117
sin  A  B  
125

 117 
A  B  sin 1  
 125 

4  7   117 
sin 1    sin 1    sin 1  
5  25   125  3M

2
 2x  1  1  x   2x  
53.Solve 3sin 1  2 
 4 cos  2 
 2 tan 1  2 

 1 x  1 x   1 x  3

2
 2x  1  1  x   2x  
Sol : Given 3sin 1  2 
 4 cos  2 
 2Tan 1  2 

 1 x  1 x   1 x  3
 2x 
2Tan 1 x  sin 1  2 
  1 x 
3  2Tan 1 x   4  2Tan1 x   2  2Tan1 x   2
3 1  1  x 
 cos  2 
 1 x 
6Tan 1 x  8Tan 1 x  4Tan 1 x   2x 
3  Tan 1  2 
 1 x 
  1
2Tan 1 x  Tan 
3 6 3


x  Tan
6

1
x
3

54. If cos1 p  cos 1 q  cos 1 r   ,then prove that p 2  q 2  r 2  2 pqr  1

Sol: given cos1 p  cos 1 q  cos 1 r  

Let A  cos1 p B  cos1 q C  cos 1 r

cos A  P cos B  q cos c  r

 sin A  1  cos 2 A sin B  1  cos 2 B sin C  1  cos 2 C

sin A  1  p 2 sin B  1  q 2 sin C  1  r 2 1M

Now A  B  C  

A B   C
sin   1  cos 2 
Applying by ‘ cos ’ on both sides cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
cos       cos 
cos  A  B   cos   C  1M 2
a  b  a 2  b 2  2ab
cos A cos B  sin A sin B   cos C

pq  1  p 2 1  q 2   r

pq  r  1  p 2 1  q 2

Squaring on both sides

2
 pq  r   1  p 2 1  q 2   p 2 q 2  r 2  2 pqr  1  q 2  p 2  p 2 q 2

p 2  q 2  r 2  2 pqr  1 2M

55. If Tan1 x  Tan1 y  Tan1 z   then prove that x  y  z  xyz

Sol: Given Tan1 x  Tan1 y  Tan1 z  

Let A  Tan1 x B  Tan1 y C  Tan1 z

TanA  x TanB  y TanC  z

Now A  B  C   TanA  TanB

Tan  A  B  
A B   C 1M 1  TanATanB
Tan       Tan
Applying by ‘ Tan ’ on both sides

Tan  A  B   Tan    c 
1M

TanA  TanB
 TanC
1  TanATanB

x y
 z
1  xy

x  y   z 1  xy 

x  y   z  xyz

x  y  z  xyz 2M
 
56. If Tan 1 x  Tan 1 y  Tan 1 z  then prove that xy  yz  zx  1
2


Sol: Given Tan 1 x  Tan 1 y  Tan 1 z 
2

let A  Tan1 x B  Tan1 y C  Tan1 z

TanA  x TanB  y TanC  z 1M


Now A  B  C 
2


A B  C
2

Applying by ‘tan’ on both sides 1M

 
Tan  A  B   Tan   C 
2 

TanA  TanB 1
 cot C 
1  TanATanB TanC

x y 1

1  xy z

z  x  y   1  xy

zx  yz  1  xy

xy  yz  xz  1 2M

PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

2 bc A
57. If a   b  c  sec  prove that tan   sin
bc 2

Sol: Given a   b  c  sec 

a sec2  tan 2   1
 sec 
bc a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 
a  b  c  2s
sec2   1  tan 2 
sin
A

 s  b  s  c 
2 2
 tan   sec   1 2 bc
2
2  a 
tan     1
b  c 
 2 a2
tan   2
1
b  c 
2
2 a2  b  c 
tan   2
b  c 

tan 2  
 a  b  c  a  b  c 
2
b  c 

tan 2  
 a  b  c  c  c  a  b  c  b  b 
2
b  c  1M

tan 2  
 2s  2c  2s  2b 
2
b  c 
2 s  c 2 s  b
tan 2   2
b  c 
4  s  c  s  b 
tan 2   2
b  c 
4  s  c  s  b  bc
tan 2   2

b  c bc
1M

4  s  c  s  b  bc
tan   2

b  c  bc

tan  
2 bc  s  c  s  b 
bc bc

2 bc A
tan   sin
bc 2 1M

2 bc A
58. If a   b  c  cos  prove that sin   cos
bc 2

a
Sol: Given a   b  c  cos  cos 
bc

We know that sin 2   cos 2   1 sin 2   cos 2   1

a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 
sin 2   1  cos 2  a  b  c  2s
2 A S S  a
2  a  cos 
sin   1    1M 2 bc
b  c 
 2 a2
sin   1  2
b  c 
2
2 b  c   a2
sin  2
b  c 
2
2 b  c   a2
sin  2
b  c 

sin 2  
 b  c  a  b  c  a 
2
b  c 

sin 2  
 a  b  c  a  b  c  a  a 
2
b  c 1M

2 s  2s  2a 
sin 2   2
b  c
2s 2  s  a 
sin 2   2
b  c 
4s  s  a 
sin 2   2
b  c 
4s  s  a  bc
sin 2   2

 b  c  bc 1M

4s  s  a  bc
sin   2

 b  c  bc

2 bc s s  a
sin  
bc bc

2 bc A
sin   cos
bc 2 1M

a 2 bc A
59. If sin   prove that cos   cos
bc bc 2

a
Sol: Given sin  
bc

We know that sin 2   cos 2   1

  a 
2 sin 2   cos 2   1
2
cos   1    1M a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 
b  c 
a  b  c  2s
a2 A S S  a
cos 2   1  2 cos 
b  c  2 bc

2
2 b  c   a2
cos  2
b  c 

cos 2  
 b  c  a  b  c  a 
2
b  c

cos 2  
 a  b  c  a  b  c  a  a 
2
b  c 1M

2 s  2 s  2a 
cos 2   2
b  c 

2s  2  s  a 
cos 2   2
b  c
4 s  s  a  bc
cos 2   2

 b  c  bc 1M

4 s  s  a  bc
cos   2

 b  c  bc

2 bc s s  a
cos  
bc bc

2 bc A
cos   cos
bc 2 1M

a 2  b2  c2
60. cot A  cot B  cot C 
4 cos A
cot A 
Sol: L.H.S cot A  cot B  cot C sin A
b2  c 2  a 2
cos A 
cos A cos B cos C 2bc
 
sin A sin B sin C c  a2  b2
2
cos B 
2ca
b2  c2  a 2 a 2  c2  b2 a2  b2  c 2
   a  b2  c2
2

2bc sin A 2ac sin B 2ab sin c cos c 

2ab
4  2bc sin A
 2ca sin B
 2ab sin c
 b2  c2  a 2 a 2  c2  b2 a2  b2  c 2
  
4 4 4

b2  c2  a 2  a 2  c 2  b2  a 2  b2  c 2

4

a 2  b2  c 2
4 4M

cos A cos B cos C a 2  b 2  c 2

61. Show that   
a b c 2abc

Sol: given LHS

b2  c 2  a 2
cos A cos B cos C cos A 
   2bc
a b c c  a2  b2
2
cos B 
2ca
b2  c2  a 2 c 2  a 2  b2 a 2  b2  c2
a  b2  c2
2

 2bc  2ca  2ab cos C 

a b c 2ab

b2  c2  a 2 c 2  a 2  b2 a2  b2  c 2
  
2abc 2abc 2abc

b2  c2  a 2  c2  a 2  b2  a 2  b2  c 2

2abc

a 2  b2  c 2

2abc 4M

LHS=RHS

1 1 1 1 a2  b2  c2
62. Show that 2  2  2  2 
r r1 r2 r3 2

Sol: Given LHS=  

r r1 
s sa
1 1 1 1  
    r2  r3 
r 2 r12 r22 r32 s b sc
2
 a  b   a  b 2  2ab
2

1 1 1 1
 2
 2
 2
 2 a  b  c  2s
         
       
s  sa  sb  sc
2 2 2
s2  s  a   s  b  s  c
  
2 2 2 2

s 2  s 2  a 2  2 sa  s 2  b 2  2 sb  s 2  b 2  2sc
 2M
2
 4s2  2s  a  b  c   a2  b2  c 2

2

4s 2  2s  2s   a 2  b 2  c 2

2

a 2  b2  c2
  R.H .S
2 2M

LHS=RHS

b 2  c 2 sin  B  C 
63.In ABC show that 
a2 sin  B  C 

b2  c2 From sine rule

Sol: Given =
a2 b  2 R sin B
c  2R sin C
2 2
 2R sin B    2R sin C  a  2 R sin A A  B  C  180
 2 B  C  180  A
 2R sin A sin  B  C   sin 180  A   sin A
sin 2 B  sin 2 C  sin  B  C  sin  B  C 
4 R 2 sin 2 B  4 R 2 sin 2 C

4 R 2 sin 2 A

4 R 2  sin 2 B  sin 2 C 

4 R 2 sin 2 A

sin  B  C  sin  B  C 
 2
sin 2  B  C 

sin  B  C 

sin  B  C 

=R.H.S

1 1 3
64.In ABC .if   show that c  600
a c bc a bc

1 1 3 From sine rule

Sol: given   c2  a2  b2  2ab cos c
a c bc abc
2ab cos c  a 2  b 2  c 2
bc a c 3 1
 cos 600 
 a  c  b  c  a  b  c 2

b  a  2c 3

 a  c  b  c  a  b  c

 b  a  2c  a  b  c   3  ab  ac  bc  c 2  2M

ab  b2  bc  a2  ab  ac  2ac  2bc  2c2  3ab  3ac  3bc  3c 2

 2ab  b2  a 2  2c 2  3ab  3c 2  0

b2  a 2  c 2  ab  0

b2  a 2  c 2  ab

ab
cos c 
2ab

1
cos c 
2

cos c  cos 600

c  600 2M

a b b a
65. If c  600 then show that i )   1 ii ) 2 2
 2 2 0
bc ca c a c b

Sol: given c  600 c2  a 2  b2  2ab cos c

1
From cosine rule cos 600 
2
c2  a 2  b2  2ab cos c c2  a 2  b2  ab

c2  a 2  b2  2ab cos 600 c 2  a2  b2  ab

1
c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab   c 2  b2  a 2  ab
2

c 2  a 2  b2  ab  a a  b

a b b a
i) LHS   ii) LHS 2 2
 2 2
bc c a c  a c b

a  c  a   b b  c  b a
 
 b  c  c  a  b b  a  a  a  b 

ac  a 2  b 2  bc 1 1
  
bc  ab  c 2  ac b  a a  b

 c  c 2  ab  bc 1 1
1 
ac  c 2  ab  bc ba ba

=0

LHS=RHS LHS=RHS

2 A 2 A
66. Show that  b  c  cos 2   b  c  sin 2  a 2
2 2

LHS
 2
A 2 2 A  b  c   b 2  c 2  2bc
 b  c  cos   b  c  sin 2
2

2 2 2
 b  c   b 2  c 2  2bc
A 2 2 A A A
b 2
 c 2  2nc  cos 2  b  c  2bc  sin 2 cos2  sin 2  1
2 2 2 2
A A
cos2  sin 2 cos A
A A A A 2 2
b 2
 c 2  cos 2
2
 2bc cos 2   b 2  c2  sin 2  2bc sin 2
2 2 2 b  c  2bc cos A  a 2
2 2

 A A  A A
b 2
 c 2   cos 2  sin 2   2bc  cos 2  sin 2 
 2 2  2 2

b 2
 c 2  (1)  2bc cos A

b2  c2  2bc cos A  a2
LHS=RHS 4M
abc
67. Show that a2 cot A  b2 cot B  c2 cot C 
R
Sol:- Given LHS =
 a2 cot A  b2 cot B  c2 cot C
cos A cos B cos C From sine rule
 4R2 sin2 A  4R 2 sin2 B.  4R2 sin2 C .
sin A sin B sinC a=2RsinA
 4R2 sin A cos A  4R2 sin B cos B  4R2 sinC cos C b = 2RsinB
 2R2  2sin A cos A  2sin B cos B  2sinC cos C  c = 2RsinC
 2R2  sin2A  sin2B  sin2C  cos A
cot A 
sin A
 2R 2  4sin A sinBsinC 
sin2A = 2sinAcosA
 a  b  c  sin2A+sin2B+sin2C = 4sinAsinBsinC
 8R 2    
 2R  2R  2R 
abc

R
LHS  RHS 4M

68. If P1P2P3 are the altitudes of the vertices A,B,C of a triangle respectively show that
1 1 1 cot A  cot B  cot C
  
P12 P22 P32 
1
Sol:- Given P1P2P3 are altitudes of  ABC    base  heigth
2
1
   BC  AD
2
1
   a  P1
2
2
 P1
a
 2 2 2
P1  , P2  , P3  1
a b c Area of ABC  base  height
1 1 1 2
LHS  2  2  2
P1 P2 P3 cos A
cot A 
sin A
a2 b2 c2
  
 2 
2
 2 
2
 2 
2 c 2  b2  a 2
cos A 
2bc
a2 b2 c2
   a 2  c2  b2
4 2 4 2 4 2 cos B 
a2  b2  c2 2ac
 1M
4 2 a 2  b2  c2
cos C 
cot A  cot B  cot C 1 2ab
RHS   cot A  cot B  cot C 
  1
  bc sin A
1  a2  b2  c 2  2
  
 4  1
 ca sin B
a2  b2  c2 2

4 2 1
 ab sin C
LHS  RHS 1M 2
4  2bc sin A
 2ca sin B
 2ab sin C
69. If a:b:c = 7:8:9, find cosA :cosB :cosC
Sol:- Given a:b:c = 7:8:9
a b c
Let   k
7 8 9 b2  c 2  a 2
cos A 
A =7k ,b =8k,c=9k 2bc
b2  c 2  a2 c 2  a2  b2
cos A  cos B 
2bc 2ca
64k 2  81k 2  49k2 a 2  b2  c2
 cos C 
2  8k  9k  2ab
145k 2  49k2 96k2 2
 2
 2
 1M
16  9  k 16  9  k 3
c 2  a2  b2
cos B 
2ca
81k 2  49k 2  64 k2

2  9k  7k 
130k 2  64k 2

126k 2
66k 2 11
 1M
126k 2 21
a2  b2  c 2 49k 2  64 k 2  81k 2 113k 2  81k2
cos C   
2ab 2  7k  8k  2.7.8.k 2
32k 2 2
2
 1M
2.7.8k 7
 2 11 2
cos A : cos B : cos C  : :  14 :11: 6 1M
3 21 7

FUNCTIONS VERY SHORT ANSWE QUESTIONS.

V1. If f  1,2 2, 3 3, 1  then find (i) 2f (ii) 2+f (iii) f 2 (iv) f
Sol:- Given f  1,2 2, 3 3, 1 
(i) 2 f  1,2  2  2, 3  2  3, 1  2 
2 f  1,4  2, 6  3, 2 

(ii) 2  f  1,2  2  2, 3  2  3, 1  2 
2  f  1,4 2, 1 3,1  1M
(iii) f 2  1,4  2,9  3,1 

(iv) 
f  1, 2  1M

V2. If f and g are real valves functions defined by f  x   2x  1, g  x   x 2 then find (i) (3f-2g) (x) (ii) (fg)
 f 
(iii)    x  (iv) (f+g+2)(x)
 g 

Sol:- Given f(x) = 2x-1,g(x) = x 2   f  g x   f  x   g  x 

(i)  3 f  2g  x 
  fg  x   f  x  g  x 
= 3f(x)-2g(x)
f f  x
= 32x  1  2x 2  6 x  3  2x 2     x 
g  gx

(ii)  fg  x   f (x)g(x)  (2x  1)x2  2x3  x2 1M

f f (x ) 2x  1
(iii)    x   f (x)  
g  g(x) x2
 f  g  2 x   f (x)  g(x)  2  2x  1  x 2  x 2  2x  1
(iv) 1M
V3. If f  x   2, g  x   x 2 , h  x   2x then find  fo  goh    x 
Sol:- Given f  x   2, g  x   x 2 , h  x   2x
now  fo  goh    x   f g  h  x     f g  2 x   1M
2
f  2 x    f  4 x 2   2
 
 fo  goh  x   2 1M
   
V4. If A  0, , , ,  and fi A  B is a surjection defined by f(x) = cos x then find B.
 6 4 3 2
   
Sol: Given A  0, , , ,  and if A  B is a surjection and f(x) = cosx B=f(A)
 6 4 3 2
           
B   f 0 , f   f   f   f   1M
  6   4   3   2 
        3 1 1 
B  cos 00 ,cos ,cos ,cos ,cos   1, , , ,0  1M
 6 4 3 2   2 2 2 

V5. If A  2, 1,0,1,2 and fi A  B is a surjection defined by f(x) = x 2  x  1 then find B.

Sol: Given A  2, 1,0,1,2 and fi A  B is a surjection defined by f(x) = x 2  x  1 B = f(A)
2
f  2   2   2  1  4  2  1  3 1M
2
f  1   1   1  1  1  1  1  1
f  0  0  0  1  0
f 1  0  1  1  3
f  2  22  2  1  4  2  1  7
B  1,3,7 1M
x2  x  1
V6. If A  1,2,3,4 and fi A  B is a surjection defined by f(x)  then find the range of ‘f’
x 1
x2  x  1
Sol: Given A  1,2,3,4 and f(x) 
x 1
1 1 1 1
f 1   
11 2
22  2  1 4  2  1 3
f 2    1
21 3 3
32  3  1 9  3  1 7
f  3    1M
31 4 4
42  4  1 16  4  1 13
f 4    
4 1 5 5
1 7 13
Range of f   , ,  1M
2 4 5 
V7. Find the inverse of the function a , b  R , f : R  R defined by f(x) =ax+b
Sol: Given f(x) = ax+b, a  0
Let f(x) = y
 x  f 1  y 
ax  y  b 1M
y b yb
x  f 1 (y) 
a a
x b
 f 1  x   1M
a
V8. Find the inverse of the function f : R   0,  define by f(x)  5x
Sol: Given f(x)  5x
Let f  x   y  x  f 1  y  1M
Now 5x  y  log 5x  log y
 x log 5  log y
log y
x
log 5
 x  log y  log y5
 x  log y5
f 1  y   log5y
 f 1  x   log y5 1M
cos2 x  sin4 x
V9. If f  x   x  R Then show that f 2012  1
sin2 x  cos4 x
cos2 x  sin4 x
Sol: Given f  x  
sin2 x  cos 4 x sin 2   1  cos 2 
1  sin2 x  sin4 x 1  sin x   sin x 
2 2 2
1  sin2 x 1  sin2 x  cos2   1  sin 2 
   1M
1  cos2 x  cos4 x 1  sin2 x   sin2 x 2 1  cos2 x 1  cos2 x 

1  sin2 x cos 2 x
 1
1  cos2 x sin2 x
 f x  1  f  2012  1 1M
3 x  3 x
V10. Find the domain of f  x  
x
3 x  3 x
Sol: Given f  x  
x
f  x  f  x  0
 3  x  0,3  x  0, x  0 1M
x  3,3  x , x  0 1
 f x  0
f x
3  x  3, x  0
x 3,3  0
 Domain of f is  3,3  0 1M
V11. Find the domain of f  x   4 x  x 2

Sol: Given f  x   4 x  x 2
f x  f x  0
4 x  x2  0 1M
x2  4x  0
x(x  4)  0  x  a  x  b   0
 x  0  x  4   0 x   a, b 
x0,4
 Domain of f is 0,4 1M
V12. Find the domain of f  x   log  x 2  4 x  3 

Sol: Given f  x   log  x 2  4 x  3 

log  f  x    f  x   0
 x2  4 x  3  0 1M
x2  3x  x  3  0
x  x  3  1  x  3  0  x  a  x  b   0
x   ,1 u  3,  
 x  3 x  1  0
x   ,1 u  3,  
 Domain of f is   ,1 u  3,   1M
V13. Find the domain of f  x   x 2  25

Sol: Given f  x   x 2  25 1M f  x  f  x  0
 x 2  25  0
2 2
a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 
x 5  0

 x  5 x  5  0
 x  a  x  b   0
x   , 5 u  5,   x  (, a]  [b, )

 Domain of f is  , 5 u  5,   1M

1
V14. Find the domain of f  x  
 x  1  x  3
2

1
Sol: Given f  x  
 x  1  x  3
2

1
  x 2  1  x  3   0 1M  f x  0
f x
x 2
 12   x  3  0

 x  1 x  1 x  3  0
 x  a  x  b   0
x  1,1, 3 x  a, b
 Domain of f is R  3, 1,1 1M  R  a , b
1
V15. Find the domain of f  x   a  0 
x  a2
2

1 1
Sol: Given f  x   1M  f x  0
x 2  a2
f x

a2  b2   a  b  a  b 
x 2  a2  0,  x  a  x  a   0

x   , a  u  a,    x  a  x  b   0, x  , a  u  a,  

 Domain of f is   , a  u  a,   1M
V16. Find the domain of Range of f  x   9  x 2

Sol: Given f  x   9  x 2 1M 1
 f x  0
f x

 9  x2  0
a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 
x2  9  0
x 2  32  0,  x  3 x  3  0
 x  a  x  b   0 x   a, b 
x  3,3
 Domain of f is  3,3
Min value is f  3  f  3  0
 Max value is f  0   9  3
Range of f is 0,3 1M
x2  4
V17. Find the domain of Range of f  x  
x 2
x2  4 1
Sol: Given f  x  
x 2  f  x  0
f  x

 x  2  0, x  2
Domain od f is R  2
x 2  4  x  2  x  2 
Let y  f  x   y   1M
x 2  x  2
Y = x+2
x 2  4  x  2  x  2 
If y  f  x   y   then y  4
x 2  x  2
 The range of f is R  4 1M

1 2  3 8 
V18. If A    , B  7 2  and 2x  A  B then find X
3 4   
1 2  3 8 
Sol: Given A    , B  7 2 
3 4   
2x  A  B , 2x  B  A
3 8  1 2 
2x     1M
7 2  3 4 
3  1 8  2  2 6 
2x    
7  3 2  4  4 2 
1  2 6  1 3 
x   1M
2 4 2 2 1
 x  3 2y  8   5 2 
V19. If   find x,y,z and a
z  2 6  2 a  4 


 x  3 2y  8   5 2 
Sol: Given  
z  2 6  2 a  4 


2y  8  2
x 3 5 2y  2  8 z  2  2 6  a4
x  5 3 2y  10 z  2  2 a6 4
x 8 10 z  4 a  10
y 5
2
y=5 2M
  1 
1 2
2 
 
V20. Define trace of a matrix and find the trace of A if A   0 1 2 
 1 
 2 1 
2 

Sol: Trace :- The sum of the principal diagnol elements of a sauare matrix is called a ‘trace’ of a matrix
 1 
1 2
2 
 
Given A   0 1 2  1M
 1 
 2 1 
2 
T  (A)  1  1  1  1 1M
V21. Define symmetric and skew symmetric matrix
Sol: symmetric matrix :-A square matrix ‘A’ is said to be symmetric if Ai  A 1M
Skew- symmetric matrix :- A square matrix ‘A’ is said to Skew- symmetric, if Ai  A 1M
1 0 0 
V22. If A  2 3 4  and det a=45 then finds x.
 5 6 x 

1 0 0 
Sol: Given A  2 3 4 
 5 6 x 

Det a = 45
1 0 0 
2 3 4  = 45 1M
 
 5 6 x 

1 (3x+24)=45
3x=45-27=21
21
x 7
3 1M
x 7
1 w w2
V23. If w is a complex cube root of unite then show that w w2 1  0
w2 1 w

1 w w2
Sol: LHS= w w2 1
w2 1 w
R1  R1  R2  R3
1  w  w2 1  w  w2 1  w  w2 0 0 0
2
 w w 1  w w2 1 1M
2 2
w 1 w w 1 w

= 0 = RHS 1  w  w 2  0
 LHS = RHS 1M
  2 4
V24. If A    and A2  0 Find the value of k
1 k 
2 4
Sol: Given A   
1 k 
A2  0  A. A  0
 2 4  2 4
 1 k  1 k   0 1M
  
 4  4 8  4k  0 0
 2  k 4  k 2   0 0 
   
-2-k = 0
 k  2
1M
k  2
1
V25. Construct a 3  2 matrix whose elements and defined by aij  i  3j
2
 a11 a12 
Sol: consider 3  2 matrix is A= A  a21 a22 
 a31 a32 
1
Given aij  i  3 j
2
1 1 1
a11  1  3  2   2   1
2 2 2
1 1 1 5
a12  1  6  5   5  
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
a21  2  3  1  1 
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
a22  2  6  4   4   2 1M
2 2 2
1 1
a31  3  3   0   0
2 2
1 1 1 3
a32  3  6  3   3  
2 2 2 2
1 5
 2
1 
A   2 1M
2 3
0 
 2
 1 2 3
V26. If A   2 5 6  is a symmetric matrix find X
 3 x 7

 1 2 3
Sol: Given A   2 5 6  is a symmetric matrix
 3 x 7

 AT  A 1M
  1 2 3   1 2 3 
 2 5 x    2 5 6
   
 3 6 7   3 x 7 

x  6 1M
0 2 1
V27. If A   2 0 2 is a symmetric matrix find X
 1 x 0 

0 2 1
Sol: Given A   2 0 2 is a symmetric matrix
 1 x 0 

 AT   A 1M
 0 2 1  0 2 1
2 0 x     2 0 2 


 1 2 0   1 x 0 

 0 2 1  0 2 1 
2 0 x    2 0 2 

 1 2 0   1  x 0 

x  2 1M
12 22 32 
 
V28. Find the determinant of 22 32 42 
32 45 52 

12 22 32 
 
Sol: Given A  22 32 42 
32 45 52 

1 4 9 
det A   4 9 16  1M
 9 16 25

 1 225  256   4 100  144   9  64  81

 1 31  4  44   9  17   31  176  153
 184  176  8
DetA  8 1M
 cos  sin  T T
V29. If A  
 sin cos   Then show that A.A  A .A I
 
 cos  sin  T cos   sin 
Sol: Given A    , A   sin cos  
  sin cos    
 cos  sin  cos   sin 
Now A.AT =    1M
  sin cos    sin cos  
 cos2   sin2   cos  sin  sin  cos  
 
  sin cos   cos  sin sin2   cos2  
 1 0
 
0 1 sin2   cos2   1
A. AT    1
Similarly AT .A    2  1M
From (1)and(2) A.AT  AT .A  
1 1 1
V30. Find the rank of A  1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
Sol: Given A  1 1 1
1 1 1

Det A  11  1  1 1  1  1 1  1
Det A = 0 1M
All 2  2 sub matrices det is zero
 Rank of A = 1 1M
1 2 1
V31. Find the rank of A   1 0 2 
 0 1 1

1 2 1
Sol: Given A   1 0 2 
 0 1 1
Det A  1  0  2   2 1  0   1  1  0   1  2  2 1  1  1 
2  2  1  5  0

 Rank of A = 3 2M
1 2 3 
V32. Find the rank of A  2 3 4 
 0 1 2 

1 2 3 
Sol: Given A  2 3 4 
 0 1 2 

Det A = 1(6-4)-2(4-0)+3(2-0)
= 1(2)-2(4)+3(2) 1M
= 2-8+6 = 8-8 =0
1 2 
Let B    be a sub matrix
2 3
Det B = 3  4  1  0
 Rank of A = 2 1M

V33. For any square matrix A,show that A.AT is symmetric

Sol: T
T T   AB   B T . AT
now(A. A )   A
T T
 T
.A
T
 A. AT   AT   A
(A.AT )T  A.AT
 AAT is symmetric 2M

1 4 7   3 4 0  T
V34. If  A    and B    then show that  A  B   AT  BT
2 5 8  4 2 1
1 4 7   3 4 0 
Sol: Given A    and B   
2 2 8  4 2 1
1 2   3 4 
A   4 5  andB  4
T   T
2 
 7 8   0 1 

1 4 7   3 4 0 
LHS A+B  A    
2 5 8  4 2 1

1  3 4  4 7  0 
 
2  4 5  2 8  1 
 2 8 7 
A+B =  
6 3 7 
 2 6 
 8 3 
T
 A  B 1M
 7 7 

1 2   3 4 
RHS= A  B  4 5  4 2 
T T

 7 8   0 1

1  3 2  4   2 6 
  4  4 5  2   8 3 
 7  0 8  1   7 7 
T
  A  B   A T  BT 1M

ADDITION OF VECTORS
   
35. Find the unit vector in the direction of a  2i  3 j  k
   
Sol: Given a  2i  3 j  k
a
 aˆ 
a  22  32  12 a

a  4  9  1   14 1M

 a 2i  3 j  k
 The unit vector in the direction. Of a    1M
a 14
    
36. Let a  2i  4 j  5k , b  i  j  k , and c  j  2k find the unit vector in the opposite direction of
a b c
   
Sol: Given a  2i  4 j  5k , b  i  j  k , c  j  2k
  
a  b  c = a  2i  4 j  5k  i  j  k  j  2k
a  b  c  3 i  6 j  2k
2 2
a  b  c  32  62   2   32  62   2   9  36  4  49  7 1M
a  b  c 
a b c 
 The unit vector in the opposite direction of a b c

  3 i  6 j  2k 
 1M
7
37. If the position vectors of the points A,B,C are 2 i  j  k , 4 i  2 j  2k and 6 i  3 j  13k ,
respectively and AB   AC then find the value of 
Sol: let OA  2 i  j  k , OB  4 i  2 j  2k ,OC  6 i  3 j  13k ,
AB  OB  OA  4 i  2 j  2k   2 i  j  k   4 i  2 j  2k  2 i  j  k

AB  2 i  j  3k
AC  OC  OA  6 i  3 j  13k   2 i  j  k 

AC  6 i  3 j  13k  2 i  j  k
AC  8 i  4 j  12k 1M
AC  4  2 i  j  3k 

Now AB    AC 

 2 i  j  3 k   4   2 i  j  3 k 
1
1  4     1M
4
38. If the vectors 3 i  4 j   k and   i  8 j  6k are collinear vectors , then find  and 
Sol: let a  3 i  4 j  k
b   i  8 j  6k are collinear
a1 a2 a3
If a  a1 i  a2 j  a3k , b  b1 i  b2 j  b3k are collinear then  
b1 b2 b3
3 4 
  1M
 8 6
3 1 
 
 2 6
1 
3 1 
 2 6
 2
6
  6   3
2
   6,   3 1M
39. If a  2 i  5 j  k and b  4 i  mj  nk are collinear vectors then find the values of m and n
Sol: Given a  2 i  5 j  k , b  4 i  mj  nk are collinear
 a1 a2 a3
If a  a1 i  a2 j  a3k , b  b1 i  b2 j  b3k are collinear then  
b1 b2 b3
2 5 1 1 5 1
     1M
4 m n 2 m n
1 5 1 1
 
2 m 2 n
m  10 n2
m  10, n  2 1M
40. If OA  i  j  k , AB  3 i  2 j  k , BC  i  2 j  2k and CD  2 i  j  3k then find the vector OD
Sol: Given OA  i  j  k , AB  3 i  2 j  k , BC  i  2 j  2k CD  2 i  j  3k
Now OD  OA  AB  BC  CD 1M
OD  i  j  k  3 i  2 j  k  i  2 j  2k  2 i  j  3k
OD  7 i  2 j  3k 1M
41. ABCDE is a pentagon .If the sum of the vectors AB , AE , BC , DC , ED , and AC is  AC , then find 
Sol: Given ABCDE is a pentagon
AB  AE  BC  DC  ED  AC   AC

(AB  BC )  (AE  ED  DC )  AC   AC 1M
AC  AC  AC   AC
3AC   AC
  3 1M
42. Is the triangle formed by the vectors 3 i  5 j  2 k ,2 i  3 j  5k , and 5 i  2 j  3k equilateral?
Sol: let AB  3 i  5 j  2 k
AB  32  52  22

AB  9  25  4  38

BC  2 i  3 j  5k
2 2
BC  22   3   5   4  9  25  38 1M
CA  5 i  2 j  3k
2 2 2
CA   5   2    3  25  4  9  38

 AB  BC  CA

 The given vectors are formed by equailateral triangle. 1M

43. OABC is a parallelogram. If OA  a and OC  c , then find the vector equation of the side BC.
Sol:
Given OA  a , OC  c
OA  CB  a

The vector equation of the line passing through a and parallel to the b is r  a  tb , t  R 1M
 The vector equation of BC is passing through C and parallel to the a is r  c  ta 1M
44. Find the equation of the plane which passes through the points 2 i  4 j  2k ,2 i  3 j  5k and
parallel to the vector 3 i  2 j  k .
Sol: let a  2 i  4 j  2k , b  2 i  3 j  5k , c  3 i  2 j  k
The vector equation of the plane passing through the points a b and parallel to vector c is
r  1  t  a  tb  sc t , S  R 1M
r   1  t   2 i  4 j  2 k   t  2 i  3 j  5k   s  3 i  2 j  k  t , S  R 1M
45. Find the vector equation of the line joining the points 2 i  3 j  3k and 4 i  3 j  k
Sol: let a  2 i  j  3k , b  4 i  3 j  k
The vector equation of the line passing through the points a b is r  1  t  a  t t  R
r  1  t   2 i  j  3k   t  4 i  3 j  k  t  R 2M
46. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the points a  2 i  3 j  k and parallel to the
vector 4 i  2 j  3k
Sol: let a  2 i  3 j  k , b  4 i  2 j  3k
The vector equation of the line passing through a and parallel to the b is r  a  tb , t  R 1M
r   2 i  3 j  k   t  4 i  2 j  3k  t  R 1M
47. The vector equation of the line passing through the points i  2 j  5k 5i  k and 3 i  5 j
Sol: Let a  i  2 j  5k , b  5 i  k , c  3 i  5 j
The vector equation of the line passing through the points a b and c is r  1  t  s  a  tb  sc , S R
r  1  t  s   i  2 j  5k   t  5 i  k   s  3 i  5 j  , t , s  R

48. If a , b , c are the position vectors of the vertices A.B and C respectively of  ABC , then find the
vector equations of the median through the vector vertex A.
Sol: let OA  a , OB  b ,OC  c

‘O’ is the midpoint of BC

b c
OD 
2

The vector equation of the line passing through the points a b is r  1  t  a  tb t R 1M

r  1  t  OA  tOD
b c 
r  1  t  a  t   t R 1M
 2 
49. Find the equation of the plane which passes through the points (0,0,0) (0,5,0) and (2,0,1)
Sol: let a ,  0,0,0,  0 , b   0,5,0   5 j , c   2,0,1  2 i  k
The vector equation of the line passing through the points a b and c r  1  t  s  a  tb  sc , s, t R
r  1  t  s  0  t  5 j   s  2 i  k  1M
r  5tj  2si  sk t , s  R 1M
 PRODUCT OF VECTORS
50. If a  i  2 j  3k , b  3 i  j  2k then show that a  b and a  b are perpendicular to each other
Sol: Given a  i  2 j  3k , b  3 i  j  2k
a  b  i  2 j  3k  3 i  j  2k = 4 i  j  k
a  b  i  2 j  3k  (3 i  j  2k )  i  2 j  3k  3 i  j  2k
a  b  2 i  3 j  5k
If a b are perpendicular then a .b  0 1M
 a  b .  a  b    4 i  j  k .  2 i  3 j  5k 
 8  3  5  8  8  0
 a  b and a  b are perpendicular to each other. 1M
2
51. If 4 i  j  pk is parallel to the vector i  2 j  3k fond ‘P’
3
2
Sol: let a  4 i  j  pk , b  i  2 j  3k are parallel
3
2 a a a
If a  4 i  j  pk , b  i  2 j  3k are parallel than 1  2  3 1M
3 b1 b2 b3
2p
1 3 p 1 p
  =  , p  12 1M
4 2 3 4 3
52. Find the angle between the vectors i  2 j  3k and 3 i  j  2k
Sol: let a  i  2 j  3k and b  3 i  j  2k
a  12  22  32  1  4  9  14
2
b  32   1  22  9  1  4  14

a .b  3  2  6  9  2  7
a .b
Angle between the vectors a and b is cos  1M
a b
7 1 1
cos   
14 14 17 2
cos  cos60 0
  600 1M
53. Find the angle between the planes r .  2 i  j  2k   3, r .  3 i  6 j  k   4
Sol: Given r .  2 i  j  2k   3,
a  2 i  j  2k
r . 3 i  6 j  k   4

b  3i  6 j  k
2
a  22   1   22  4  1  4  9  3

b  32  62  12  9  36  1  46

a .b  2 i  j  2k  .  3 i  6 j  k   6  6  2  2 1M
 2
 Angle between two vectors a and b is cos 
3 16
 2 
  cos 1   1M
 3 16 
54. Find the area of the parallelogram having 2 i  3 j and 3i  k as adjacent sides.
Sol: let a  2 i  3 j b  3 i  k
Area of the parallelogram with adjacent sides a  b 1M
i j k
a  b  2 3 0 

3 0 1

a  3i  2 j  9k

Required area is a  b  32  22  92  9  4  81  94 1M
55. If a  2i  j  k and b  i  3 j  5k than find a  b
Sol: Given a  2i  j  k , b  i  3 j  5k 1M
i j k
a  b  2 1 1  i  5  3   j  10  1  k  6  1
1 3 5
 8 i  11 j  5k
2
a  b  82  112   5   64  121  25  210 1M

56. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 3 i  j  2k and i  3 j  4k
Sol: let a  3 i  j  2k , b  i  3 j  4k
Area of the parallelogram with diagonals a and b
1
 a b
2
i j k
a b  3 1 2  i  4  6   j 12  2   k  9  1  2i  14 j  10k
1 3 4
1M

2 2 2
a b   2   14    10   4  196  100  300

 100  3  10 3
1 1
 Required area is
2 2

a  b  10 3  5 3  1M

57. Compute  i  j j k k  i 

Sol: Given  i  j j k k  i 
1 1 0
 0 1 1  1 1  0   1  0  1  0  0  1  1 1   1  1  0 2M
1 0 1
 1 1
58. If e1  e2  sin  where e1 and e2 are unit vectors including an angle  , show that  
2 2
1
Sol: Given e1  e2  1 and e1  e2  sin 
2
2
1
Squaring on both sides  e1  e2    sin  
2

2 
1 2 2
e1  e2  2e1 .e2   sin2 
4
1 2 2
1  1  2 e1 e2 cos e1e2   sin2  1M
4
1
2  2cos   sin2 
4
1
 2 1  cos   sin2 
4
1 
 2 sin2  sin2 
2 2

sin2  sin2 
2
 1
     1M
2 2
59. Find the period of f  x   tan5x
Sol: Given f  x   tan5x
a=5

We know that, the period of tan ax is 1M
a
 
 period of tan 5x is =
s s

 period of tan 5x = 1M
s
4x  9 
60. Find the period of f  x   cos  
 5 
4x  9   4x 9 
Given f  x   cos   = f  x   cos   
 5   5 5
4
a
5
2
We know that, the period of tan a is 1M
a

2
5 5
 period of f  x   4  2  1M
5 4 2
61. Find the period of f  x   tan  x  4 x  9 x    n2 x 

Given f  x   tan  x  4 x  9 x    n2 x 

tan 12  22  32      n2  x 
   n  n  1  2n  1   
f  x   tan    x
  6  
n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1 2n  1
a 12  22      n 2 
6 6

Period of tan ax is 1M
a

Period of f  x  is
n  n  1 2n  1
6
6
 1M
n  n  1 2n  1
62. Find the period of f  x   cos(3x  5)  7
Given f  x   cos(3x  5)  7
A=3
2
We know that period of cos ax is
a
1M
2
 period of f  x  is
3 1M
63. Find the cosine function whose period is 7
Sol: let f(x) = cos ax
Given period is 7
2
 period of cos ax is 1M
a

2
 7
a
2
a
7
2
a
7
 2 
 f (x)  cos   x 1M
 7 
2
64. Find the cosine function whose period is
3
Let f(x) = sin ax
2
Given period is
3
2
 period of cosax is 1M
a
2 2
   a  3
a 3
a  3
f (x)  sin(3 x) 1M
65. Find the maximum and minimum value of f (x)  7cos x  24 sin x  5
Given f (x)  7cos x  24 sin x  5
A=7 ,b = -24 c=5

Maximum value  c  a2  b2

2
 5  72   24   5  49  576  5  625  5  25  30 1M

Minimum value  c  a2  b2

 5  72  (24)2  5  625  5  25  20 1M

 
66. Find the maximum and minimum value of f (x)  cos  x    2 2 sin  x    3
 3  3
 
Given f (x)  cos  x    2 2 sin  x    3
 3  3
a=1 b  2 2, c  3
Maximum value = c  a 2  b2

2
 3  12  2 2  
 3  1  8
 3  1  8
 3  9  3  3  0 1M
Minimum value = c  a2  b2

2

 3  12  2 2   3  1  8  3  9  3  3  6 1M

67. Find the maximum and minimum value of f (x)  3sin x  4cos x
Given f (x)  3sin x  4cos x
A=3 b=-4 , c = 0
Maximum value = c  a 2  b2 1M

 0  32  (4)2  9  16  25  5

Minimum value = c  a2  b2 1M

 0  32  (4)2   9  16   25  5

0 0
1 1
68. Find the value of sin2 82  sin2 22
2 2

Sin2 A  sin2 B  sin(A  B)sin  A  B 

 0 0
1 1
Now sin 82  sin2 22
2
1M
2 2
sin  900   cos 
 1 1  1 1
 sin2 82  22  sin 82  22   sin1050.sin600  cos150.sin60
 2 2  2 2 3 1
cos150  ]
2 2
3 1 3 3 3
  
2 2 2 4 2 3
sin 600 
0 2
2 1 10 3  3
sin 82  22  1M
2 2 4 2

0 0
1 1
69. Find the value of cos2 112  sin2 52
2 2

cos2 A  sin2 B  cos(A  B)cos  A  B 

0 0 cos 180      cos 

1 1
Now cos 112  sin2 52
2
1M
2 2
3 1
cos150 
 1 1  1 1 2 2
cos  112  52  cos  112  52 
 2 2  2 2
1
0 0 0
cos 600 
 cos165 .cos60   cos  180  15 cos60 2

 3  1 1  3 1
 .     1M
 2 2  2  4 2 

1 1 3 1
70. Find the value of sin2 52  sin2 22 sin 750 
2 2 2 2
Sol: sin2 A  sin2 B  sin  A  B  sin  A  B  1
sin 300 
2
 1 1  1 1
 sin 52  22  .sin 52  22  1M
 2 2  2 2

 3  1  1  3 1
 sin750.sin300       1M
2
 2 2   4 2

 3 5 7 9
71. Prove that cot .cot .cot .cot .cot 1
20 20 20 20 20

 3 5 7 9  A  B  900   180
Sol: LHS cot .cot .cot .cot .cot 1
20 20 20 20 20
cot A.cot B  1  180
 cot9 0.cot270.cot 450.cot 630.cot810  9
20 20
 cot9 0.cot270.cot 450.cot630.cot810
1M
  cot 90.cot810  cot270.cot630  .cot 450

 1  1  1  1  R.H.S 1M
72. If cos  sin  2 cos , prove that cos  sin  2 sin

Sol: Given cos  sin  2 cos ,

sin  2 cos  cos 

sin   
2  1 cos

Mulhplying by  
2  1 on both sides 1M

 
2  1 sin   2 1  
2  1 cos

2 sin  sin  2  1  cos

2 sin  sin  cos

2 sin  cos  sin 1M

73. If 3sin  4 cos  5 then find the value of 4 sin  3cos 

Sol: Given 3sin  4cos  5  (i)

Let 4sin  3cos  0  (ii)

2 2 2 2
1    2   52  02   3sin  4 cos2    4sin  3cos  

25  a2  9 sin2   16cos 2   24sin .cos   16 sin2   9cos2   24 sin .cos  1M

25  a 2  9  16

25  a2  25

a 2  25  25  0

a0

 4sin  3cos   0 1M

1 3
74. Prove that  4
sin10 cos100
0

1 3
Sol: L.H.S:- 
sin10 cos10 0
0
sin A cos B  cos A sin B  sin  A  B 
1  2sin A cos A  sin 2 A
3
2  cos10 0  sin100 
0
cos10  3 sin10 0 2 2
 0 0
   1M
sin10 .cos10 1 0
2sin10  cos10 
2

2 sin30 0.cos10 0  cos300.sin100 


1
 sin2 10 0  
2
 4sin20 0
  4  R.H.S
sin20 0 1M
L.H.S  R.H.S

tan6100  tan7000 1  p2
75. If tan20 0  p, then Prove that 
tan560 0  tan4700 1  p 0

Sol: Given tan20 0  p,

1 1
cot20 0  0

tan20 p
tan  360     tan 
tan6100  tan7000
tan560 0  tan4700
tan  270     cot 

tan  360  250   tan  360  340  tan2500  tan340 0 tan  360      tan 
  1M
tan  360  200   tan  360  110  tan2000  tan110 0
tan 180     tan 
tan  270  20   tan  360  20  cot200  tan20 0
 
tan 180  20   tan  90  20  tan200  cot200 tan  90      cot 

2
1 1 p
p
p p 1  p2
  2  2  R.H.S
1 p 1 p 1
p
p p

L.H. S  R.H.S 1M

tan1600  tan1100 1  2
76. If tan200   , then show that 
1  tan1600  tan1100 2

1
Sol: Given tan200    cot200 


tan160 0  tan110 0 tan 180  200   tan  90  20 

L.H.S  1M
1  tan1600.tan1100 1  tan 180  20  .tan  90  20 

 tan20  cot20 tan 180      tan 

1    tan20 0   cot200 
tan  90      cot 
1  2  1
  2
     1    R.H.S
1 11 2
1  .


L.H. S  R.H.S 1M

cos 90  sin9 0
77. Prove that  cot 360
cos90  sin90

cos  sin
Sol:  cot  450   
cos  sin
 cos 90  sin 90
L.H .S 
cos 90  sin 90 1M

 cot  45  9  cot360

L.H. S  R.H.S 1M

 
78. If 0    show that 2  2  2  2cos4  2cos
8 2


1  cos  2cos2
2
2
Sol: 1  cos2  2cos 
1  cos4  2cos2 2


L.H.S = 2  2  2  2cos4  2cos
2

2  2  2 1  cos4   2  2  22 cos2 2

2  2  2cos2  2  2 1  cos2  1M


2  22 cos2   2  2cos  2 1  cos   22 cos2
2


 2cos  R.H.S
2

L.H. S  R.H.S 1M

5
79. If cosh x  , find the values if (i) cos h(2x) , (ii) sin h(2x)
2

5
Sol: Given cosh x  ,
2

 i  cosh(2x)  2cosh2 x  1
25 25  2 23
cosh(2 x)  2  1  
42 2 2

23
cosh(2 x) 
2

cosh2  2 x   sin2  2 x   1
1M
sin2  2 x   cosh2  2 x   1

232 232  22  23  2  23  2 
sinh2  2 x    1  
22 4 4

25  21
sinh2  2 x  
4
 25  21 5 21
sinh  2 x     1M
4 2

3
80. If sin x  , find cos h (2x) and sin h (2x)
4

3
Sol: Given sin x 
4

(i)cosh(2x)  1  2sinh2 x

9 8  9 17
cosh(2 x)  1  2   
168 8 8
1M
17
cosh(2 x) 
8

(ii)cosh(2 x)  sinh2  2 x   1
sinh2  2 x   cosh2 2 x   1

172 172  82 17  8 17  8 

sinh2 2 x    1  
82 64 64

25  9
sinh2  2 x  
64

25  9 5 3
sinh2  2 x    
64 8

15
sinh2  2 x    1M
8

x 
81. If cos hx = sec  then prove that tanh2  tan2
2 2

Sol: Given cos hx = sec 

1
1 x cosh x  1
x cosh x  1 sec  1 cos 
2 tanh 2 
L.H.S :- tanh    1M
2 cosh x  1 sec   1 1 2 cosh x  1
1
cos 
1  cos   2sin 2
2

2sin2 
1  cos  2  tan2   R.H.S
  1  cos   2cos 2
1  cos 2cos2  2 2
2

x 
tanh2  tan2 1M
2 2
n
82. Prove that  cosh x  sinh x   cosh  nx   sinh  nx  n  R
n
Sol: L.H.S  cosh x  sinh x 
 n
 e x  e x e x  e x   e x  e x  e x  e x 
   
 2 2   2 
n
 2e  x  x n
  e   e
 nx
 1M
 2 
R.H.S cosh nx   sinh nx 
e nx  e  nx e nx  e  nx e nx  e  nx  e nx  e  nx
  
2 2 2
2 e nx
  e nx
2
n
cosh x  sinh x   cosh(nx)  sinh(nx) 1M
n
83. Prove that cosh x  sinh x   cosh(nx)  sinh(nx)
n
Sol: L.H.S:- cosh x  sinh x 
n
 e x  e  x e x  e x 
  
 2 2 
2
 2e x  x nx
 2    e   e 1M
 
R.H.S:- cosh nx   sinh  nx 
e nx  e  nx enx  e  nx e nx  e  nx  e nx  e  nx
  
2 2 2

2enx
  e nx 1M
2
n
cosh x  sinh x   cosh(nx)  sinh(nx)
84. For any x  R prove that cosh4 x  sinh4 x  cosh(2x)
cosh4 x  sinh4 x  cosh(2 x)
Sol:
cosh2 x  sinh2 x  1
2 2 a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 
L.H.S:- cosh4 x  sinh4 x   cosh2 x    sinh2 x 

 cosh 2
x  sinh2 x    cosh2 x  sinh2 x  1M
 cosh 2x  1  cosh  2x   R.H.S
cosh2 x  sinh2 x  cosh 2x  1M
1 1
85. Prove that tan1    log e 3
2 2
1 1 1 x 
Sol: tanh1 x    log e   1M
2 2  1 x 
1 21
1
1 1 2  log e 2  1 log e  3 
1
L.H.S tanh1    loge  
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1
1
2 2
1 1
tan1    log 3e 1M
2 2
86. 
If sin hx = 5 , show that x  log e 5  26 
Sol: Given sin hx = 5
x  sinh1  5


sinh1 x  log e x  x 2  1  1M

    
x  log e 5  52  1  log e 5  25  1  log e 5  26  1M