11 - UG CHEMISTRY Full Syllabus

Vidyasagar University
Curriculum for B.Sc. Honours in Chemistry [Choice Based Credit System]
Semester-I
Teaching Scheme Marks
Sl.No. Name of the Subject Nature Code in hour per week Credit
L T P
C1T: Organic Chemistry-I Core Course-1 4 0 0 75
C1 C1P: Organic Core Course1 6
0 0 4
Chemistry-I Lab [Practical]
C2T: Physical Core Course-2 75
4 0 0
Chemistry-I
C2 6
C2P:Physical Core Course-2
0 0 4
GE-1 GE 4/5 75
GE-1
GE-1 GE 2/1
AECC English AECC 2 50
Total Credits = 20
L=Lecture, T=Tutorial, P=Practical
AECC- Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course: English /Modern Indian Language .
Interdisciplinary/Generic Elective (GE) from other Department
[Four papers are to be taken and each paper will be of 6 credits]:
[Papers are to be taken from any of the following discipline (GE-1 from Mathematics)]: Mathematics/
Physics /Computer Sc/Statistics/Geology/Electronics/ zoology/Botany/Microbiology /Physiology
/Biotechnology/Nutrition
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Semester-1
Core Course
CC-1 :ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I Credits 06
(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02)
C1T1 : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I Credits 04
Theory: 60 Lectures
Basics of Organic Chemistry
Bonding and Physical Properties (25 Lectures)
Valence Bond Theory: concept of hybridisation, shapes of molecules, resonance (including

hyperconjugation); calculation of formal charges and double bond equivalent (DBE); orbital pictures
of bonding (sp3, sp2, sp: C-C, C-N & C-O systems and s-cis and s-trans geometry for suitable cases).
Electronic displacements: inductive effect, field effect, mesomeric effect, resonance energy; bond
polarization and bond polarizability; electromeric effect; steric effect, steric inhibition of resonance.
MO theory: qualitative idea about molecular orbitals, bonding and antibonding interactions, idea
about σ, σ*, π, π *, n – MOs; basic idea about Frontier MOs (FMO); concept of HOMO, LUMO and
SOMO; interpretation of chemical reactivity in terms of FMO interactions; sketch and energy levels
of π MOs of i) acyclic p orbital system (C=C, conjugated diene, triene, allyl and pentadienyl systems)
ii) cyclic p orbital system (neutral systems: [4], [6]-annulenes; charged systems: 3-,4-,5-membered
ring systems); Hückel’s rules for aromaticity up to [10]-annulene (including mononuclear
heterocyclic compounds up to 6-membered ring); concept of antiaromaticity and homoaromaticity;
non-aromatic molecules; Frost diagram; elementary idea about α and β; measurement of
delocalization energies in terms of β for buta-1,3-diene, cyclobutadiene, hexa-1,3,5-triene and
benzene.
Physical properties: influence of hybridization on bond properties: bond dissociation energy (BDE)
and bond energy; bond distances, bond angles; concept of bond angle strain (Baeyer’s strain theory);
melting point/boiling point and solubility of common organic compounds in terms of covalent &
non-covalent intermolecular forces; polarity of molecules and dipole moments; relative stabilities of
isomeric hydrocarbons in terms of heat of hydrogenation, heat of combustion and heat of
formation.
General Treatment of Reaction Mechanism I (10 Lectures)
Mechanistic classification: ionic, radical and pericyclic (definition and example);
reaction type: addition, elimination and substitution reactions (definition and example); nature of
bond cleavage and bond formation: homolytic and heterolytic bond fission, homogenic and
heterogenic bond formation; curly arrow rules in representation of mechanistic steps; reagent type:
electrophiles and nucleophiles (elementary idea); electrophilicity and nucleophilicity in terms of
FMO approach.
Reactive intermediates: carbocations (carbenium and carbonium ions), carbanions, carbon radicals,
carbenes: generation and stability, structure using orbital picture and electrophilic/nucleophilic
behavior of reactive intermediates (elementary idea).
Stereochemistry I (25 Lectures)
Bonding geometries of carbon compounds and representation of molecules: tetrahedral nature of

carbon and concept of asymmetry; Fischer, sawhorse, flying-wedge and Newman projection
formulae and their inter translations.
Concept of chirality and symmetry: symmetry elements and point groups (C αv , C nh , C nv , C n , D αh , D nh ,

D nd , D n , S n (C s , C i ); molecular chirality and centre of chirality; asymmetric and dissymmetric
molecules; enantiomers and diastereomers; concept of epimers; concept of stereogenicity,
chirotopicity and pseudoasymmetry; chiral centres and number of stereoisomerism: systems
involving 1/2/3-chiral centre(s) (AA, AB, ABA and ABC types).
Relative and absolute configuration: D/L and R/S descriptors; erythro/threo and meso nomenclature
of compounds; syn/anti nomenclatures for aldols; E/Z descriptors for C=C, conjugated diene, triene,
C=N and N=N systems; combination of R/S- and E/ Z- isomerisms.
Optical activity of chiral compounds: optical rotation, specific rotation and molar rotation; racemic
compounds, racemisation (through cationic, anionic, radical intermediates and through reversible
formation of stable achiral intermediates); resolution of acids, bases and alcohols via diastereomeric
salt formation; optical purity and enantiomeric excess; invertomerism of chiral trialkylamines.
Reference Books
1. Clayden, J., Greeves, N. & Warren, S. Organic Chemistry, Second edition, Oxford University Press, 2012.
2. Keeler, J., Wothers, P. Chemical Structure and Reactivity – An Integrated approach, Oxford University Press.
3. Sykes, P. A guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education, 2003.
4. Smith, J. G. Organic Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
5. Carey, F. A., Guiliano, R. M. Organic Chemistry, Eighth edition, McGraw Hill Education, 2012.
6. Eliel, E. L. & Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley: London, 1994.
7. Nasipuri, D. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley Eastern Limited.
8. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
9. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education)
10. Fleming, I. Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions, Reference/Student Edition, Wiley, 2009.
11. James, J., Peach, J. M. Stereochemistry at a Glance, Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
12. Robinson, M. J. T., Stereochemistry, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford University Press, 2005.
CC1P1 - CHEMISTRY LAB- I Credits 02
(60 Lectures)
1. Separation, based upon solubility, by using common laboratory reagents like water (cold, hot),
dil. HCl, dil. NaOH, dil. NaHCO 3 , etc., of components of a binary solid mixture; purification of any one
of the separated components by crystallization and determination of its melting point. The
composition of the mixture may be of the following types: Benzoic acid/p-Toluidine; p-Nitrobenzoic
acid/p-Aminobenzoic acid; p-Nitrotolune/p-Anisidine; etc.
2. Determination of boiling point of common organic liquid compounds e.g., ethanol, cyclohexane,
chloroform, ethyl methyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetylacetone, anisole, crotonaldehyde, mesityl
oxide, etc. [Boiling point of the chosen organic compounds should preferably be less than 160 °C]
3. Identification of a Pure Organic Compound
Solid compounds: oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, resorcinol,
urea, glucose, cane sugar, benzoic acid and salicylic acid
Liquid Compounds: formic acid, acetic acid, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone,
aniline, dimethylaniline, benzaldehyde, chloroform and nitrobenzene
Reference Books
1. Bhattacharyya, R. C, A Manual of Practical Chemistry.
2. Vogel, A. I. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part 2: Qualitative Organic Analysis, CBS Publishers and
Distributors.
3. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009).
4. Furniss, B.S., Hannaford, A.J., Smith, P.W.G., Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic Chemistry,5th Ed., Pearson
(2012).
5. Dutta, S, B. Sc. Honours Practical Chemistry, Bharati Book Stall.
CC-2: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I Credits 06
C2 T2 : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I Credits 04
(Theory: 60 Lectures)
Kinetic Theory and Gaseous state (20 Lectures)
Kinetic Theory of gases: Concept of pressure and temperature; Collision of gas molecules; Collision
diameter; Collision number and mean free path; Frequency of binary collisions (similar and different
molecules); Wall collision and rate of effusion
Maxwell’s distribution of speed and energy: Nature of distribution of velocities, Maxwell's

distribution of speeds in one, two and three dimensions; Kinetic energy distribution in one, two and
three dimensions, calculations of average, root mean square and most probable values in each case;
Calculation of number of molecules having energy ≥ ε, Principle of equipartition of energy and its
application to calculate the classical limit of molar heat capacity of gases
Real gas and virial equation: Deviation of gases from ideal behavior; compressibility factor; Boyle
temperature; Andrew's and Amagat's plots; van der Waals equation and its features; its derivation
and application in explaining real gas behaviour, other equations of state (Berthelot, Dietrici);
Existence of critical state, Critical constants in terms of van der Waals constants; Law of
corresponding states; virial equation of state; van der Waals equation expressed in virial form and
significance of second virial coefficient; Intermolecular forces (Debye, Keesom and London
interactions; Lennard-Jones potential - elementary idea)
Chemical Thermodynamics (25 Lectures)
Zeroth and 1st law of Thermodynamics: Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions;
isolated, closed and open systems; zeroth law of thermodynamics; Concept of heat, work, internal
energy and statement of first law; enthalpy, H; relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w,
U and H for reversible, irreversible and free expansion of gases (ideal and van der Waals) under
isothermal and adiabatic conditions; Joule’s experiment and its consequence.
Thermochemistry: Standard states; Heats of reaction; enthalpy of formation of molecules and ions
and enthalpy of combustion and its applications; Laws of thermochemistry; bond energy, bond
dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data, Kirchhoff’s equations and
effect of pressure on enthalpy of reactions; Adiabatic flame temperature; explosion temperature
Second Law: Need for a Second law; statement of the second law of thermodynamics; Concept of
heat reservoirs and heat engines; Carnot cycle; Physical concept of Entropy; Carnot engine and
refrigerator; Kelvin – Planck and Clausius statements and equivalence of the two statements with
entropic formulation; Carnot's theorem; Values of §dQ/T and Clausius inequality; Entropy change of
systems and surroundings for various processes and transformations; Entropy and unavailable work;
Auxiliary state functions (G and A) and their variation with T, P and V. Criteria for spontaneity and
equilibrium.
Thermodynamic relations: Maxwell's relations; Gibbs- Helmholtz equation, Joule-Thomson
experiment and its consequences; inversion temperature; Joule-Thomson coefficient for a van der
Waals gas; General heat capacity relations
c) Chemical kinetics (15 Lectures)
Rate law, order and molecularity: Introduction of rate law, Extent of reaction; rate constants, order;
Forms of rates of First, second and nth order reactions; Pseudo first order reactions (example using
acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl acetate); Determination of order of a reaction by half-life and
differential method; Opposing reactions, consecutive reactions and parallel reactions (with
explanation of kinetic and thermodynamic control of products; all steps first order)
Role of T and theories of reaction rate: Temperature dependence of rate constant; Arrhenius
equation, energy of activation; Rate-determining step and steady-state approximation – explanation
with suitable examples; Collision theory; Lindemann theory of unimolecular reaction; outline of
Transition State theory (classical treatment)
Homogeneous catalysis: Homogeneous catalysis with reference to acid-base catalysis; Primary

kinetic salt effect; Enzyme catalysis; Michaelis-Menten equation, Lineweaver-Burk plot, turn-over
number
Autocatalysis; periodic reactions
Reference Books:
1. Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press

2. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry, Narosa
3. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simons, J. D. Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, Viva Press
4. Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry, Pearson
5. Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill
6. Maron, S. & Prutton Physical Chemistry
7. Ball, D. W. Physical Chemistry, Thomson Press
8. Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry, Elsevier
9. Laidler, K. J. Chemical Kinetics, Pearson
10. Glasstone, S. & Lewis, G.N. Elements of Physical Chemistry
11. Rakshit, P.C., Physical Chemistry Sarat Book House
12. Zemansky, M. W. & Dittman, R.H. Heat and Thermodynamics, Tata-McGraw-Hill
13. Rastogi, R. P. & Misra, R.R. An Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics, Vikas
14. Clauze & Rosenberg, Chemical Thermodynamics
C 2P2 : CHEMISTRY LAB-II Credits 04
(60 Lectures)
Experiment 1: Determination of pH of unknown solution (buffer), by color matching method
Experiment 2: Determination of heat of neutralization of a strong acid by a strong base
Experiment 3: Study of kinetics of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl acetate
Experiment 4: Study of kinetics of decomposition of H 2 O 2
Experiment 5: Determination of heat of solution of oxalic acid from solubility measurement
Reference Books
1. Viswanathan, B., Raghavan, P.S. Practical Physical Chemistry Viva Books (2009)
2. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson
3. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 6th Ed., Freeman (2007)
4. Palit, S.R., De, S. K. Practical Physical Chemistry Science Book Agency
5. University Hand Book of Undergraduate Chemistry Experiments, edited by Mukherjee, G. N.,
University of Calcutta
6. Levitt, B. P. edited Findlay’s Practical Physical Chemistry Longman Group Ltd.
7. Gurtu, J. N., Kapoor, R., Advanced Experimental Chemistry S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
Generic Elective Syllabus
GE-1 [Interdisciplinary for other department]

GE-1 : ATOMIC STRUCTURE, CHEMICAL PERIODICITY, ACIDS AND BASES, REDOX REACTIONS,
GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS. Credits 06
GE1 T1 : ATOMIC STRUCTURE, CHEMICAL PERIODICITY, ACIDS AND BASES, REDOX REACTIONS,
GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS. Credits 04
Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-I (30 Lectures)
Atomic Structure (10 Lectures)
Bohr's theory for hydrogen atom (simple mathematical treatment), atomic spectra of hydrogen
and Bohr's model, Sommerfeld's model, quantum numbers and their significance, Pauli's
exclusion principle, Hund's rule, electronic configuration of many-electron atoms, Aufbau
principle and its limitations.
Chemical Periodicity (05 Lectures)

Classification of elements on the basis of electronic configuration: general characteristics of s-,
p-, d- and f-block elements. Positions of hydrogen and noble gases. Atomic and ionic radii,
ionization potential, electron affinity, and electronegativity; periodic and group-wise variation of
above properties in respect of s- and p- block elements.
Acids and bases (10 Lectures)
Brönsted–Lowry concept, conjugate acids and bases, relative strengths of acids and bases, effects of
substituent and solvent, differentiating and levelling solvents. Lewis acid-base concept, classification of
Lewis acids and bases, Lux-Flood concept and solvent system concept. Hard and soft acids and bases (
HSAB concept), applications of HSAB process.
Redox reactions (05 Lectures)
Balancing of equations by oxidation number and ion-electron method oxidimetry and
reductimetry.
Section B: Organic Chemistry-I (30 Lectures)
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry (5 Lectures)

Electronic displacements: inductive effect, resonance and hyperconjugation; cleavage of bonds:
homolytic and heterolytic; structure of organic molecules on the basis of VBT; nucleophiles
electrophiles; reactive intermediates: carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
Stereochemistry (8 Lectures)
Different types of isomerism; geometrical and optical isomerism; concept of chirality and optical
activity (up to two carbon atoms); asymmetric carbon atom; elements of symmetry (plane and
centre); interconversion of Fischer and Newman representations; enantiomerism and
diastereomerism, meso compounds; threo and erythro, D and L, cis and trans nomenclature; CIP
Rules: R/S (upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E/Z nomenclature.
Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions (5 Lectures)
Nucleophilic substitutions: SN1 and SN2 reactions; eliminations: E1 and E2 reactions (elementary
mechanistic aspects); Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations; elimination vs substitution.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (12 Lectures)

Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied
in context to their structures.
Alkanes: (up to 5 Carbons). Preparation: catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s

synthesis, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: mechanism for free radical substitution:
halogenation.
Alkenes: (up to 5 Carbons). Preparation: elimination reactions: dehydration of alcohols and

dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides; cis alkenes (partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans
alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions: cis-addition (alkaline KMnO4) and trans-addition (bromine)
with mechanism, addition of HX [Markownikoff’s (with mechanism) and anti-Markownikoff’s
addition], hydration, ozonolysis, oxymercuration-demercuration and hydroboration-oxidation
reaction.
Alkynes: (up to 5 Carbons). Preparation: acetylene from CaC2 and conversion into higher alkynes;
by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal dihalides.
Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4, ozonolysis
and oxidation with hot alkaline KMnO4.
Reference Books:
1. Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry ELBS, 1991.

2. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G. & Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., Wiley.
3. Douglas, B.E., McDaniel, D.H. & Alexander, J.J. Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry, John
Wiley & Sons.
4. Huheey, J.E., Keiter, E.A., Keiter, R.L. & Medhi, O.K. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure
and Reactivity, Pearson Education India, 2006.
5. Sethi, A. Conceptual Organic Chemistry; New Age International Publisher.
6. Parmar, V. S. A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S. Chand & Sons.
7. Madan, R. L. Organic Chemistry, S. Chand & Sons.
8. Wade, L. G., Singh, M. S., Organic Chemistry.
9. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education).
10. Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson
Education).
11. Eliel, E. L. & Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley: London, 1994.
12. Sen Gupta, Subrata. Basic Stereochemistry of Organic molecules.
13. Kalsi, P. S. Stereochemistry Conformation and Mechanism, Eighth edition, New Age
International, 2014.
14. Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.
GE1 P1: LAB: ATOMIC STRUCTURE, CHEMICAL PERIODICITY, ACIDS AND BASES, REDOX
REACTIONS, GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
Credits 02
60 Lectures
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry –LAB (30 Lectures)
1. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.

2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO 4 .
3. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO 4 .
4. Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K 2 Cr 2 O 7 using internal indicator.
5. Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na 2 S 2 O 3 .
Section B: Organic Chemistry- LAB (30 Lectures)
Qualitative Analysis of Single Solid Organic Compound(s)

Experiment A: Detection of special elements (N, Cl, and S) in organic compounds.
Experiment B: Solubility and Classification (solvents: H2O, dil. HCl, dil. NaOH)
Experiment C: Detection of functional groups: Aromatic-NO2, Aromatic -NH2, - COOH,

carbonyl (no distinction of –CHO and >C=O needed), -OH (phenolic) in solid organic
compounds.
Experiments A - C with unknown (at least 6) solid samples containing not more than two of
the above type of functional groups should be done.
Reference Books:

University of Calcutta, 2003.
2. Das, S. C., Chakraborty, S. B., Practical Chemistry.
3. Mukherjee, K. S. Text book on Practical Chemistry, New Oriental Book Agency.
4. Ghosal, Mahapatra & Nad, An Advanced course in practical Chemistry, New Central Book Agency.
5. Vogel, A. I. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part 2: Qualitative Organic Analysis, CBS
Publishers and Distributors.
6. Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Textbook of Practical
Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.
7. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman,
1960.
Curriculum for B.Sc. Honours in Chemistry [Choice Based Credit System]
Semester-II
Teaching
Sl. Scheme in hour
Name of the Subject Nature Code
No. per week Credit Marks
L T P
C3T: Inorganic 75
Core Course-3 4 0 0
Chemistry-I
C3 6
C3P: Inorganic Core Course-3
0 0 4
C4T: Organic Core Course-4 75
4 0 0
Chemistry-II
C4 6
C4P:Organic Core Course-4
[Practical]
0 0 4
Chemistry-II Lab
GE-2 GE 4/5 75
GE-2
GE-2 GE 2/1
AEC Environmental 100
AECC 4
C-2 Studies
Total Credits = 22
L=Lecture, T=Tutorial, P=Practical
AECC- Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course: Environmental Studies.

Interdisciplinary/Generic Elective (GE) from other Department
[Four papers are to be taken and each paper will be of 6 credits]:
[Papers are to be taken from any of the following discipline (GE-2 from Mathematics)]:
Mathematics/Physics /Computer Sc/Statistics/Geology/Electronics/ zoology/Botany
/Microbiology /Physiology/Biotechnology/Nutrition
Semester-II
Core Course
Core-3
CC-3: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I Credits 06

C3T: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I Credits 04

Theory: 60 Lectures
Extra nuclear Structure of atom (18 Lectures)
Bohr’s theory, its limitations and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom; Sommerfeld’s Theory.
Wave mechanics: de Broglie equation, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its
significance, Schrödinger’s wave equation, significance of ψ and ψ2. Quantum numbers and
their significance. Radial and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom. Radial and angular
distribution curves. Shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rules
and multiplicity, Exchange energy, Aufbau principle and its limitations, Ground state Term
symbols of atoms and ions for atomic number upto 30.
Chemical periodicity (8 Lectures)
Modern IUPAC Periodic table, Effective nuclear charge, screening effects and penetration,
Slater’s rules, atomic radii, ionic radii (Pauling’s univalent), covalent radii, lanthanide
contraction. Ionization potential, electron affinity and electronegativity (Pauling’s,
Mulliken’s and Allred-Rochow’s scales) and factors influencing these properties, group
electronegativities. Group trends and periodic trends in these properties in respect of s-, p-
and d-block elements. Secondary periodicity, Relativistic Effect, Inert pair effect.
Acid-Base reactions (16 Lectures)
Acid-Base concept: Arrhenius concept, theory of solvent system (in H 2 O, NH 3 , SO 2 and

HF), Bronsted-Lowry’s concept, relative strength of acids, Pauling’s rules. Lux-Flood
concept, Lewis concept, group characteristics of Lewis acids, solvent levelling and
differentiating effects. Thermodynamic acidity parameters, Drago-Wayland equation.
Superacids, Gas phase acidity and proton affinity; HSAB principle. Acid-base equilibria in
aqueous solution (Proton transfer equilibria in water), pH, buffer. Acid-base neutralisation
curves; indicator, choice of indicators.
Redox Reactions and precipitation reactions (18 Lectures)

Ion-electron method of balancing equation of redox reaction. Elementary idea on standard
redox potentials with sign conventions, Nernst equation (without derivation). Influence of
complex formation, precipitation and change of pH on redox potentials; formal potential.
Feasibility of a redox titration, redox potential at the equivalence point, redox indicators.
Redox potential diagram (Latimer and Frost diagrams) of common elements and their
applications. Disproportionation and comproportionation reactions (typical examples)
Solubility product principle, common ion effect and their applications to the precipitation and
separation of common metallic ions as hydroxides, sulfides, phosphates, carbonates, sulfates
and halides.
Reference Books
1. Lee, J. D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry,5th Ed., Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2008.
2. Douglas, B.E. and McDaniel, D.H. Concepts & Models of Inorganic Chemistry
Oxford, 1970.
3. Day, M.C. and Selbin, J. Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, ACS Publications, 1962.
4. Atkin, P. Shriver & Atkins’ Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Oxford University Press
(2010).
5. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G. and Gaus, P.L., Basic Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed.; Wiley
India.
6. Sharpe, A.G., Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Indian Reprint (Pearson Education) 2005.
7. Huheey, J. E.; Keiter, E.A. & Keiter, R.L. Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of
Structure and Reactivity 4th Ed., Harper Collins 1993, Pearson,2006.
8. Atkins, P.W. & Paula, J. Physical Chemistry, Oxford Press, 2006.
9. Mingos, D.M.P., Essential trends in inorganic chemistry. Oxford University Press
(1998).
10. Winter, M. J., The Orbitron, http://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/orbitron/ (2002). An
illustrated gallery of atomic and molecular orbitals.
11. Burgess, J., Ions in solution: basic principles of chemical interactions. Ellis Horwood
(1999).
C3P: CHEMISTRY (LAB ) Credits 02
60 Lectures
Acid and Base Titrations:

1. Estimation of carbonate and hydroxide present together in mixture
2. Estimation of carbonate and bicarbonate present together in a mixture.
3. Estimation of free alkali present in different soaps/detergents.
Oxidation-Reduction Titrimetric
1. Estimation of Fe(II) using standardized KMnO 4 solution
2. Estimation of oxalic acid and sodium oxalate in a given mixture
3. Estimation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in a given mixture using K 2 Cr 2 O 7 solution.
4. Estimation of Fe(III) and Mn(II) in a mixture using standardized KMnO 4 solution
5. Estimation of Fe(III) and Cu(II) in a mixture using K 2 Cr 2 O 7.
6. Estimation of Fe(III) and Cr(III) in a mixture using K 2 Cr 2 O 7.
Reference Books
Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson, 2009.
Core-4
CC-4: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II Credits 06
C4T ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II Credits 02

Theory: 60 Lectures
Stereochemistry II (20 Lectures)
Chirality arising out of stereoaxis: stereoisomerism of substituted cumulenes with even and
odd number of double bonds; chiral axis in allenes, spiro compounds, alkylidenecycloalkanes
and biphenyls; related configurational descriptors (R a /S a and P/M); atropisomerism;
racemisation of chiral biphenyls; buttressing effect.
Concept of prostereoisomerism: prostereogenic centre; concept of (pro)n-chirality: topicity of

ligands and faces (elementary idea); pro-R/pro-S, pro-E/pro-Z and Re/Si descriptors; pro-r
and pro-s descriptors of ligands on propseudoasymmetric centre.
Conformation: conformational nomenclature: eclipsed, staggered, gauche, syn and anti;

dihedral angle, torsion angle; Klyne-Prelog terminology; P/M descriptors; energy barrier of
rotation, concept of torsional and steric strains; relative stability of conformers on the basis of
steric effect, dipole-dipole interaction and H-bonding; butane gauche interaction;
conformational analysis of ethane, propane, n-butane, 2-methylbutane and 2,3-
dimethylbutane; haloalkane, 1,2-dihaloalkanes and 1,2-diols (up to four carbons); 1,2-
halohydrin; conformation of conjugated systems (s-cis and s-trans).
General Treatment of Reaction Mechanism II (22 Lectures)
Reaction thermodynamics: free energy and equilibrium, enthalpy and entropy factor,
calculation of enthalpy change via BDE, intermolecular & intramolecular reactions.
Concept of organic acids and bases: effect of structure, substituent and solvent on acidity and
basicity; proton sponge; gas-phase acidity and basicity; comparison between nucleophlicity
and basicity; HSAB principle; application of thermodynamic principles in acid-base
equilibria.
Tautomerism: prototropy (keto-enol, nitro - aci-nitro, nitroso-oximino, diazo-amino and

enamine-imine systems); valence tautomerism and ring-chain tautomerism; composition of
the equilibrium in different systems (simple carbonyl; 1,2- and 1,3-dicarbonyl systems,
phenols and related systems), factors affecting keto-enol tautomerism; application of
thermodynamic principles in tautomeric equilibria.
Reaction kinetics: rate constant and free energy of activation; concept of order and
molecularity; free energy profiles for one-step, two-step and three-step reactions; catalyzed
reactions: electrophilic and nucleophilic catalysis; kinetic control and thermodynamic control
of reactions; isotope effect: primary and secondary kinetic isotopic effect (k H /k D ); principle
of microscopic reversibility; Hammond’s postulate.
Substitution and Elimination Reactions (18 Lectures)
Free-radical substitution reaction: halogentaion of alkanes, mechanism (with evidence) and

stereochemical features; reactivity-selectivity principle in the light of Hammond’s postulate.
Nucleophilic substitution reactions: substitution at sp3 centre: mechanisms (with evidence),
relative rates & stereochemical features: S N 1, S N 2, S N 2', S N 1' (allylic rearrangement) and
S N i; effects of solvent, substrate structure, leaving group and nucleophiles (including
ambident nucleophiles, cyanide & nitrite); substitutions involving NGP; role of crown ethers
and phase transfer catalysts; [systems: alkyl halides, allyl halides, benzyl halides, alcohols,
ethers, epoxides].
Elimination reactions: E1, E2, E1cB and Ei (pyrolytic syn eliminations); formation of
alkenes and alkynes; mechanisms (with evidence), reactivity, regioselectivity
(Saytzeff/Hofmann) and stereoselectivity; comparison between substitution and elimination;
importance of Bredt’s rule relating to the formation of C=C.
Reference Books
1. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. Organic Chemistry, Second edition, Oxford
University Press 2012.
2. Sykes, P. A guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education,
2003.
4. Carey, F. A. & Guiliano, R. M. Organic Chemistry, Eighth edition, McGraw Hill
Education, 2012.
5. Loudon, G. M. Organic Chemistry, Fourth edition, Oxford University Press, 2008.
6. Eliel, E. L. & Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley: London,
1994.
8. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd. (Pearson Education).
9. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1) Pearson Education.
10. Graham Solomons, T.W., Fryhle, C. B. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
11. James, J., Peach, J. M. Stereochemistry at a Glance, Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
12. Robinson, M. J. T., Stereochemistry, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford University
Press, 2005.
13. Maskill, H., Mechanisms of Organic Reactions, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford
University Press.
C4P: CHEMISTRY (LAB) Credits 02
(60 Lectures)
Organic Preparations
A. The following reactions are to be performed, noting the yield of the crude product:
1. Nitration of aromatic compounds

2. Condensation reactions
3. Hydrolysis of amides/imides/esters
4. Acetylation of phenols/aromatic amines
5. Benzoylation of phenols/aromatic amines
6. Side chain oxidation of aromatic compounds
7. Diazo coupling reactions of aromatic amines
8. Bromination of anilides using green approach (Bromate-Bromide method)
9. Redox reaction including solid-phase method
10. Green ‘multi-component-coupling’ reaction
11. Selective reduction of m-dinitrobenzene to m-nitroaniline
Students must also calculate percentage yield, based upon isolated yield (crude) and
theoretical yield.
B. Purification of the crude product is to be made by crystallisation from water/alcohol,

crystallization after charcoal treatment, or sublimation, whichever is applicable.
C. Melting point of the purified product is to be noted.
Reference Books
1. Vogel, A. I. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part 1: Small scale

Preparations, CBS Publishers and Distributors.
2. University Hand Book of Undergraduate Chemistry Experiments, edited by
Mukherjee, G. N. University of Calcutta, 2003.
3. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education
(2009).
4. Furniss, B.S., Hannaford, A.J., Smith, P.W.G. & Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic
Chemistry, 5th Ed. Pearson (2012).
5. Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press (2000).
6. Practical Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBS, Chemistry, University of
Calcutta, 2015.
GE-2 : STATES OF MATTER & CHEMICAL KINETICS, CHEMICAL BONDING

& MOLECULAR STRUCTUR, p-BLOCK ELEMENTS Credits 06
GE2 T : STATES OF MATTER & CHEMICAL KINETICS, CHEMICAL BONDING

& MOLECULAR STRUCTUR, p-BLOCK ELEMENTS Credits 04
Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A: Physical Chemistry-I (30 Lectures)
Kinetic Theory of Gases and Real gases (10 Lectures)
Concept of pressure and temperature; Collision of gas molecules; Collision diameter;

Collision number and mean free path; Frequency of binary collisions (similar and different
molecules); Rate of effusion
Nature of distribution of velocities, Maxwell’s distribution of speed and kinetic energy;

Average velocity, root mean square velocity and most probable velocity; Principle of
equipartition of energy and its application to calculate the classical limit of molar heat
capacity of gases
Deviation of gases from ideal behavior; compressibility factor; Boyle temperature; Andrew’s
and Amagat’s plots; van der Waals equation and its features; its derivation and application in
explaining real gas behaviour; Existence of critical state, Critical constants in terms of van
der Waals constants; Law of corresponding states
Viscosity of gases and effect of temperature and pressure on coefficient of viscosity

(qualitative treatment only)
Liquids (06 Lectures)
Definition of Surface tension, its dimension and principle of its determination using
stalagmometer; Viscosity of a liquid and principle of determination of coefficient of viscosity
using Ostwald viscometer; Effect of temperature on surface tension and coefficient of
viscosity of a liquid (qualitative treatment only)
Solids (06 Lectures)
Forms of solids, crystal systems, unit cells, Bravais lattice types, Symmetry elements; Laws
of Crystallography - Law of constancy of interfacial angles, Law of rational indices; Miller
indices of different planes and interplanar distance, Bragg’s law; Structures of NaCl, KCl and
CsCl (qualitative treatment only); Defects in crystals; Glasses and liquid crystals.
Chemical Kinetics (08 Lectures)
Introduction of rate law, Order and molecularity; Extent of reaction; rate constants; Rates of
First, second and nth order reactions and their Differential and integrated forms (with
derivation); Pseudo first order reactions; Determination of order of a reaction by half-life and
differential method; Opposing reactions, consecutive reactions and parallel reactions
Temperature dependence of rate constant; Arrhenius equation, energy of activation; Collision
theory; Lindemann theory of unimolecular reaction; outline of Transition State theory
(classical treatment)
Reference Books:
1. Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐ Hill (2007).

2. Castellan, G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
3. Kotz, J.C., Treichel, P.M. & Townsend, J.R. General Chemistry Cengage Learning India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
4. Mahan, B.H. University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
5. Petrucci, R.H. General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York (1985).
6. Chugh, K.L., Agnish, S.L. A Text Book of Physical Chemistry Kalyani Publishers
7. Bahl, B.S., Bahl, A., Tuli, G.D., Essentials of Physical Chemistry S. Chand & Co.ltd.
8. Palit, S. R., Elementary Physical Chemistry Book Syndicate Pvt. Ltd.
9. Mandal, A. K. Degree Physical and General Chemistry Sarat Book House
10. Pahari, S., Physical Chemistry New Central Book Agency
11. Pahari, S., Pahari, D., Problems in Physical Chemistry New Central Book Agency
Section B: Inorganic Chemistry-II (30 Lectures)
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure (16 Lectures)
Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy considerations in ionic

bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of stability
and solubility of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Landé equation for calculation of
lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability.
Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and
percentage ionic character.
Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis
of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar,
tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements.
Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic and organic compounds.
MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their
characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination
of orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules of 1st and 2nd periods.
(including idea of s- p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO and
NO+. Comparison of VB and MO approaches.
Comparative study of p-block elements: (14 Lectures)
Group trends in electronic configuration, modification of pure elements, common oxidation

states, inert pair effect, and their important compounds in respect of the following groups of
elements:
i) B-Al-Ga-In-Tl
ii) C-Si-Ge-Sn-Pb
iii) N-P-As-Sb-Bi
iv) O-S-Se-Te
v) F-Cl-Br-I
Reference Books:
1. Cotton, F.A. & Wilkinson, G. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley.

2. Shriver, D.F. & Atkins, P.W. Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
3. Wulfsberg, G. Inorganic Chemistry, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.
4. Rodgers, G.E. Inorganic & Solid State Chemistry, Cengage Learning India Ltd., 2008.
GE2 P-LAB: STATES OF MATTER & CHEMICAL KINETICS, CHEMICAL

BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTUR, p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
(60 Lectures) Credits 02
Section A: Physical Chemistry-LAB (15x2=30 Lectures)
(Minimum five experiments to complete)

(I) Surface tension measurement (use of organic solvents excluded)
a) Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a
Stalagmometer
b) Study of the variation of surface tension of a detergent solution with
concentration
(II) Viscosity measurement (use of organic solvents excluded)
a) Determination of the relative and absolute viscosity of a liquid or dilute solution
using an Ostwald’s viscometer
b) Study of the variation of viscosity of an aqueous solution with concentration of
solute
(III) Study the kinetics of the following reactions
a) Initial rate method: Iodide-persulphate reaction
b) Integrated rate method:
(i) Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid
(ii) Compare the strengths of HCl and H2SO4 by studying kinetics of
hydrolysis of methyl acetate
Reference Books:

Mukherjee, G. N., University of Calcutta, 2003.
2. Palit, S.R., Practical Physical Chemistry Science Book Agency
3. Mukherjee, N.G., Selected Experiments in Physical Chemistry J. N. Ghose &
Sons
4. Dutta, S.K., Physical Chemistry Experiments Bharati Book Stall
Section B: Inorganic Chemistry-LAB (30 Lectures)
Qualitative semimicro analysis of mixtures containing three radicals. Emphasis should be

given to the understanding of the chemistry of different reactions.
Acid Radicals: Cl-, Br-, I-, NO2-, NO3-, S2-, SO42-, PO43-, BO33-, H3BO3.
Basic Radicals: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, NH4+.
Reference Books:
1. Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.

2. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &
Co.: New Delhi (2011).
Curriculum for B.Sc (Honours) in Chemistry
[Choice Based Credit System]
Semester-III
Course Course Name of the Course Teaching

Code Subjects Type/ Scheme in hour
Nature per week Credit Marks
L T P
CC-5 C5T: Physical Core Course 4 0 0 6 75
Chemistry-II -5
C5P: Physical 0 0 4
Chemistry-II
CC-6 C6T: Inorganic Core Course 4 0 0 6 75
Chemistry-II -6
C6P: Inorganic 0 0 4
Chemistry-II
CC-7 C7T: Organic Core Course 4 0 0 6 75
Chemistry-III -7
C7P: Organic 0 0 4
Chemistry-III
GE-3 Generic 6 75
TBD Elective
-3
SEC-1 SEC1T: Analytical Skill 1 0 2 2 50

Clinical Biochemistry Enhancement
SEC1P: Analytical
Clinical Biochemistry
Course-1
Or
SEC1T:Pharmaceutical
Chemistry
SEC1P:Pharmaceutical
Chemistry
Semester Total 26 350
L=Lecture, T= Tutorial, P=Practical, CC = Core Course, GE= Generic Elective, SEC = Skill
Enhancement Course, TBD = to be decided
Generic Elective (GE) (Interdisciplinary) from other Department [Four papers are to be
taken and each paper will be of 6 credits]:
Papers are to be taken from any of the following discipline: Mathematics/Physics
/Computer Sc/Statistics/Geology/Electronics/zoology/Botany /Microbiology
/Physiology/Biotechnology/Nutrition
Modalities of selection of Generic Electives (GE): A student shall have to choose 04

Generic Elective (GE1 to GE4) strictly from 02 subjects / disciplines of choice taking exactly
1
02 courses from each subjects of disciplines. Such a student shall have to study the
curriculum of Generic Elective (GE) of a subject or discipline specified for the relevant
semester.
Semester-III
Core Course (CC)
CC-5: Physical Chemistry-II Credits 06

C5T: Physical Chemistry-II Credits 04
Theory: 60 Lectures
a) Transport processes (15 Lectures)
Fick’s law: Flux, force, phenomenological coefficients & their inter-relationship (general
form), different examples of transport properties
Viscosity: General features of fluid flow (streamline flow and turbulent flow); Newton’s
equation, viscosity coefficient; Poiseuille’s equation; principle of determination of viscosity
coefficient of liquids by falling sphere method; Temperature variation of viscosity of liquids
and comparison with that of gases
Conductance and transport number: Ion conductance; Conductance and measurement of

conductance, cell constant, specific conductance and molar conductance; Variation of
specific and equivalent conductance with dilution for strong and weak electrolytes;
Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions; Equivalent and molar conductance at
infinite dilution and their determination for strong and weak electrolytes; Debye –Huckel
theory of Ion atmosphere (qualitative)-asymmetric effect, relaxation effect and
electrophoretic effect; Ostwald's dilution law; Ionic mobility; Application of conductance
measurement (determination of solubility product and ionic product of water);
Conductometric titrations
Transport number, Principles of Hittorf’s and Moving-boundary method; Wien effect, Debye-
Falkenhagen effect, Walden’s rule
b) Applications of Thermodynamics – I (25 Lectures)
Partial properties and Chemical potential: Chemical potential and activity, partial molar
quantities, relation between Chemical potential and Gibb's free energy and other
thermodynamic state functions; variation of Chemical potential (μ) with temperature and
pressure; Gibbs-Duhem equation; fugacity and fugacity coefficient; Variation of
thermodynamic functions for systems with variable composition; Equations of states for these
systems, Change in G, S H and V during mixing for binary solutions
Chemical Equilibrium: Thermodynamic conditions for equilibrium, degree of advancement;

van't Hoff's reaction isotherm (deduction from chemical potential); Variation of free energy
with degree of advancement; Equilibrium constant and standard Gibbs free energy change;
Definitions of K P , K C and K X ; van't Hoff's reaction isobar and isochore from different
standard states; Shifting of equilibrium due to change in external parameters e.g. temperature
2
and pressure; variation of equilibrium constant with addition to inert gas; Le Chatelier's
principle and its derivation
Nernst’s distribution law; Application- (finding out K eq using Nernst dist law for KI+I 2 = KI 3
and dimerization of benzene
Chemical potential and other properties of ideal substances- pure and mixtures: a) Pure ideal
gas-its Chemical potential and other thermodynamic functions and their changes during a
change of; Thermodynamic parameters of mixing; Chemical potential of an ideal gas in an
ideal gas mixture; Concept of standard states and choice of standard states of ideal gases
b) Condensed Phase – Chemical potential of pure solid and pure liquids, Ideal solution –
Definition, Raoult’s law; Mixing properties of ideal solutions, chemical potential of a
component in an ideal solution; Choice of standard states of solids and liquids
c) Foundation of Quantum Mechanics (20 Lectures)
Beginning of Quantum Mechanics: Wave-particle duality, light as particles: photoelectric and

Compton effects; electrons as waves and the de Broglie hypothesis; Uncertainty relations
(without proof)
Wave function: Schrodinger time-independent equation; nature of the equation, acceptability

conditions imposed on the wave functions and probability interpretations of wave function
Concept of Operators: Elementary concepts of operators, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues;

Linear operators; Commutation of operators, commutator and uncertainty relation;
Expectation value; Hermitian operator; Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
Particle in a box: Setting up of Schrodinger equation for one-dimensional box and its
solution; Comparison with free particle eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. Properties of PB
wave functions (normalisation, orthogonality, probability distribution); Expectation values of
x, x2, p x and p x 2 and their significance in relation to the uncertainty principle; Extension of
the problem to two and three dimensions and the concept of degenerate energy levels
Simple Harmonic Oscillator: setting up of the Schrodinger stationary equation, energy

expression (without derivation), expression of wave function for n = 0 and n = 1 (without
derivation) and their characteristic features
Reference Books:
1. Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkins’, Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press

3. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simons, J. D. Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, Viva
Press
5. Rakshit, P.C., Physical Chemistry, Sarat Book House
6. Moore, W. J. Physical Chemistry, Orient Longman
8. Denbigh, K. The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium Cambridge University Press
3
10. Levine, I. N. Quantum Chemistry, PHI
11. Atkins, P. W. Molecular Quantum Mechanics, Oxford
14. Klotz, I.M., Rosenberg, R. M. Chemical Thermodynamics:Basic Concepts and
Methods Wiley
15. Glasstone, S. An Introduction to Electrochemistry, East-West Press
C5P: Physical Chemistry-II Lab Credits 02
LAB
(60 Lectures)
Experiment 1: Study of viscosity of unknown liquid (glycerol, sugar) with respect to water
Experiment 2: Determination of partition coefficient for the distribution of I2 between water

and CCl 4
Experiment 3: Determination of K eq for KI + I 2 = KI 3 , using partition coefficient between

water and CCl 4
Experiment 4: Conductometric titration of an acid (strong, weak/ monobasic, dibasic)

against base strong
Experiment 5: Study of saponification reaction conductometrically
Experiment 6: Verification of Ostwald’s dilution law and determination of K a of weak acid
Suggested Readings :
Mukherjee, G. N., University of Calcutta
4
CC-6: Inorganic Chemistry-II Credits 06
C6T: Inorganic Chemistry-II Credits 04
Theory: 60 Lectures
Chemical Bonding-I (24 Lectures)
(i) Ionic bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its
application and limitations. Packing of ions in crystals. Born-Landé equation with derivation
and importance of Kapustinskii expression for lattice energy. Madelung constant, Born-Haber
cycle and its application, Solvation energy. Defects in solids (elementary idea). Solubility
energetics of dissolution process.
(ii) Covalent bond: Polarizing power and polarizability, ionic potential, Fazan’s rules. Lewis
structures, formal charge. Valence Bond Theory. The hydrogen molecule (Heitler-London
approach), directional character of covalent bonds, hybridizations, equivalent and non-
equivalent hybrid orbitals, Bent’s rule, Dipole moments, VSEPR theory, shapes of molecules
and ions containing lone pairs and bond pairs (examples from main groups chemistry) and
multiple bonding (σ and π bond approach).
Chemical Bonding-II (24 Lectures)
(i) Molecular orbital concept of bonding (The approximations of the theory, Linear
combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)) (elementary pictorial approach): sigma and pi-
bonds and delta interaction, multiple bonding. Orbital designations: gerade, ungerade,
HOMO, LUMO. Orbital mixing,. MO diagrams of H 2 , Li 2 , Be 2 , B 2 , C 2 , N 2 , O 2 , F 2 , and
their ions wherever possible; Heteronuclear molecular orbitals: CO, NO, NO+, CN-, HF,
BeH 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O. Bond properties: bond orders, bond lengths.
(ii) Metallic Bond: Qualitative idea of valence bond and band theories. Semiconductors and
insulators, defects in solids.
(iii) Weak Chemical Forces: van der Waals forces, ion-dipole forces, dipole-dipole
interactions, induced dipole interactions, Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole
interactions. Repulsive forces, Intermolecular forces: Hydrogen bonding (theories of
hydrogen bonding, valence bond treatment), receptor-guest interactions, Halogen bonds.
Effects of chemical force, melting and boiling points.
Radioactivity (12 Lectures)
Nuclear stability and nuclear binding energy. Nuclear forces: meson exchange theory.
Nuclear models (elementary idea): Concept of nuclear quantum number, magic numbers.
Nuclear Reactions: Artificial radioactivity, transmutation of elements, fission, fusion and
spallation. Nuclear energy and power generation. Separation and uses of isotopes. Radio
chemical methods: principles of determination of age of rocks and minerals, radio carbon
dating, hazards of radiation and safety measures.
1. Lee, J. D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2008.
5
Structure and Reactivity 4th Ed., Harper Collins 1993, Pearson, 2006.
3. Douglas, B.E. and McDaniel, D.H. Concepts & Models of Inorganic Chemistry
Oxford, 1970.
4. Porterfield, H. W., Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition, Academic Press, 2005.
5. Purecell, K.F. and Kotz, J.C., An Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry, Saunders:
Philadelphia, 1980.
6. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., & Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed.; Wiley
India.
7. Gillespie, R. J. and Hargittai, I., The VSEPR Model of Molecular Geometry, Prentice
Hall (1992).
8. Albright, T., Orbital interactions in chemistry, John Wiley and Sons (2005).
(1998).
10. Miessler, G. L., Fischer, P. J., Tarr, D. A., Inorganic Chemistry, Pearson, 5th Edition.
11. Kaplan, I., Nuclear Physics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc. London,
1964.
12. Friedlander, G., Kennedy, J. W., Macias, E. S. And Miller, J. M., Nuclear and
Radiochemistry, Wiley, 1981.
C6P: Inorganic Chemistry-II -Lab Credits 02
Inorganic Chemistry-II (LAB) (60 Lectures)
Iodo-/ Iodimetric Titrations
1. Estimation of Cu(II)
2. Estimation of Vitamin C
3. Estimation of (i) arsenite and (ii) antimony in tartar-emetic iodimetrically
4. Estimation of available chlorine in bleaching powder.
Estimation of metal content in some selective samples
1. Estimation of Cu in brass.
2. Estimation of Cr and Mn in Steel.
3. Estimation of Fe in cement.
1. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson, 2009.
CC-7: Organic Chemistry-III Credits 06
C7T: Organic Chemistry-III Credits 04
Theory: 60 Lectures
Chemistry of alkenes and alkynes (15 Lectures)
Addition to C=C: mechanism (with evidence wherever applicable), reactivity,

regioselectivity (Markownikoff and anti-Markownikoff additions) and stereoselectivity;
reactions: hydrogenation, halogenations, iodolactonisation, hydrohalogenation, hydration,
6
oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration-oxidation, epoxidation, syn and anti-
hydroxylation, ozonolysis, addition of singlet and triplet carbenes; electrophilic addition to
diene (conjugated dienes and allene); radical addition: HBr addition; mechanism of allylic
and benzylic bromination in competition with brominations across C=C; use of NBS; Birch
reduction of benzenoid aromatics; interconversion of E - and Z - alkenes; contra-
thermodynamic isomerization of internal alkenes.
Addition to C≡C (in comparison to C=C): mechanism, reactivity, regioselectivity

(Markownikoff and anti-Markownikoff addition) and stereoselectivity; reactions:
hydrogenation, halogenations, hydrohalogenation, hydration, oxymercuration-demercuration,
hydroboration-oxidation, dissolving metal reduction of alkynes (Birch); reactions of terminal
alkynes by exploring its acidity; interconversion of terminal and non-terminal alkynes.
Aromatic Substitution (10 Lectures)
Electrophilic aromatic substitution: mechanisms and evidences in favour of it; orientation

and reactivity; reactions: nitration, nitrosation, sulfonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts
reaction; one-carbon electrophiles (reactions: chloromethylation, Gatterman-Koch,
Gatterman, Houben-Hoesch, Vilsmeier-Haack, Reimer-Tiemann, Kolbe-Schmidt); Ipso
substitituion.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution: addition-elimination mechanism and evidences in favour

of it; S N 1 mechanism; cine substitution (benzyne mechanism), structure of benzyne.
Carbonyl and Related Compounds (30 Lectures)
Addition to C=O: structure, reactivity and preparation of carbonyl compounds; mechanism

(with evidence), reactivity, equilibrium and kinetic control; Burgi-Dunitz trajectory in
nucleophilic additions; formation of hydrates, cyano hydrins and bisulphite adduct;
nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions with alcohols, thiols and nitrogen- based
nucleophiles; reactions: benzoin condensation, Cannizzaro and Tischenko reactions, reactions
with ylides: Wittig and Corey-Chaykovsky reaction; Rupe rearrangement, oxidations and
reductions: Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH 4 , NaBH 4 , MPV, Oppenauer, Bouveault-
Blanc, acyloin condensation; oxidation of alcohols with PDC and PCC; periodic acid and
lead tetraacetate oxidation of 1,2-diols.
Exploitation of acidity of α-H of C=O: formation of enols and enolates; kinetic and
thermodynamic enolates; reactions (mechanism with evidence): halogenation of carbonyl
compounds under acidic and basic conditions, Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky (H. V. Z.) reaction,
nitrosation, SeO 2 (Riley) oxidation; condensations (mechanism with evidence): Aldol,
Tollens’, Knoevenagel, Claisen-Schmidt, Claisen ester including Dieckmann, Stobbe;
Mannich reaction, Perkin reaction, Favorskii rearrangement; alkylation of active methylene
compounds; preparation and synthetic applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl
acetoacetate; specific enol equivalents (lithium enolates, enamines, aza-enolates and silyl
enol ethers) in connection with alkylation, acylation and aldol type reaction.
Elementary ideas of Green Chemistry: Twelve (12) principles of green chemistry; planning
of green synthesis; common organic reactions and their counterparts: reactions: Aldol,
Friedel-Crafts, Michael, Knoevenagel, Cannizzaro, benzoin condensation and Dieckmann
condensation.
7
Nucleophilic addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system: general principle and mechanism
(with evidence); direct and conjugate addition, addition of enolates (Michael reaction), Stetter
reaction, Robinson annulation.
Substitution at sp2 carbon (C=O system): mechanism (with evidence): B AC 2, A AC 2, A AC 1,

A AL 1 (in connection to acid and ester); acid derivatives: amides, anhydrides & acyl halides
(formation and hydrolysis including comparison).
Organometallics (5 Lectures)
Grignard reagent; Organolithiums; Gilman cuprates: preparation and reactions (mechanism

with evidence); addition of Grignard and organolithium to carbonyl compounds; substitution
on -COX; directed ortho metalation of arenes using organolithiums, conjugate addition by
Gilman cuprates; Corey-House synthesis; abnormal behavior of Grignard reagents;
comparison of reactivity among Grignard, organolithiums and organocopper reagents;
Reformatsky reaction; Blaise reaction; concept of umpolung and base-nucleophile dichotomy
in case of organometallic reagents.
Suggested Readings:
1. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. Organic Chemistry, Second edition, Oxford
2. Sykes, P. A guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education, 2003.
4. Carey, F. A., Guiliano, R. M. Organic Chemistry, Eighth edition, McGraw Hill
Education, 2012.
5. Loudon, G. M. Organic Chemistry, Fourth edition, Oxford University Press, 2008.
6. Norman, R.O. C., Coxon, J. M. Principles of Organic Synthesis, Third Edition, Nelson
Thornes, 2003.
7. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
8. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Pearson Education.
9. Graham Solomons, T.W., Fryhle, C. B. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10. March, J. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Fourth edition, Wiley.
11. Jenkins, P. R., Organometallic Reagents in Synthesis, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford
University Press.
12. Ward, R. S., Bifunctional Compounds, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford University
Press.
13. Ahluwalia, V. K. Strategies for Green Organic Synthesis, ANE Books Pvt. Ltd.
C7P: Organic Chemistry-III –Lab Credits 02
LAB (60 Lectures)
Experiment -1: Qualitative Analysis of Single Solid Organic Compounds
a) Detection of special elements (N, S, Cl, Br) by Lassaigne’s test

b) Solubility and classification (solvents: H 2 O, 5% HCl, 5% NaOH and 5% NaHCO 3 )
8
c) Detection of the following functional groups by systematic chemical tests: aromatic
amino (-NH 2 ), aromatic nitro (-NO 2 ), amido (-CONH 2 , including imide), phenolic –OH,
carboxylic acid (-COOH), carbonyl (-CHO and >C=O); only one test for each functional
group is to be reported.
d) Melting point of the given compound
e) Preparation, purification and melting point determination of a crystalline derivative of
the given compound
f) Identification of the compound through literature survey.
Each student, during laboratory session, is required to carry out qualitative chemical tests for
all the special elements and the functional groups with relevant derivatisation in known and
unknown (at least six) organic compounds.
Suggested Readings:
1. Vogel, A. I. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part 2: Qualitative Organic

Analysis, CBS Publishers and Distributors.
3. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education
(2009).
4. Furniss, B.S., Hannaford, A.J., Smith, P.W.G., Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic
Chemistry, 5th Ed.,Pearson (2012).
5. Clarke, H. T., A Handbook of Organic Analysis (Qualitative and Quantitative),
Fourth Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors (2007).
6. Practical Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBS, Chemistry, University of Calcutta,
2015.
9
Skill Enhancement Course (SEC)
SEC-1: Analytical Clinical Biochemistry Credits: 02
SEC1T: Analytical Clinical Biochemistry Credits: 01

THEORY: 30 Lectures
Basic understanding of the structures, properties and functions of carbohydrates, lipids

and proteins:
Review of concepts studied in the core course:

Carbohydrates: Biological importance of carbohydrates, Metabolism, Cellular currency of
energy (ATP), Glycolysis, Alcoholic and Lactic acid fermentations, Krebs cycle.
Isolation and characterization of polysachharides.
Proteins: Classification, biological importance; Primary and secondary and tertiary structures
of proteins: α-helix and β- pleated sheets, Isolation, characterization, denaturation of proteins.
Enzymes: Nomenclature, Characteristics (mention of Ribozymes), Classification; Active site,
Mechanism of enzyme action, Stereospecificity of enzymes, Coenzymes and cofactors,
Enzyme inhibitors, Introduction to Biocatalysis: Importance in “Green Chemistry” and
Chemical Industry.
Lipids: Classification. Biological importance of triglycerides and phosphoglycerides and
cholesterol; Lipid membrane, Liposomes and their biological functions and underlying
applications.Lipoproteins. Properties, functions and biochemical functions of steroid
hormones.
Biochemistry of peptide hormones.
Structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model) and RNA, Genetic Code, Biological roles of DNA
and RNA: Replication, Transcription and Translation, Introduction to Gene therapy.
Enzymes: Nomenclature, classification, effect of pH, temperature on enzyme activity, enzyme
inhibition.
Biochemistry of disease: A diagnostic approach by blood/ urine analysis.

Blood: Composition and functions of blood, blood coagulation. Blood collection and
preservation of samples. Anaemia, Regulation, estimation and interpretation of data for blood
sugar, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and bilirubin.
Urine: Collection and preservation of samples. 6. Formation of urine. Composition and
estimation of constituents of normal and pathological urine.
SEC1P: Analytical Clinical Biochemistry Credits: 01

Practicals:
Identification and estimation of the following:

1. Carbohydrates – qualitative and quantitative.
2. Lipids – qualitative.
3. Determination of the iodine number of oil.
4. Determination of the saponification number of oil.
5. Determination of cholesterol using Liebermann- Burchard reaction.
6. Proteins – qualitative.
10
7. Isolation of protein.
8. Determination of protein by the Biuret reaction.
9. Determination of nucleic acids
Reference Books:
• Cooper, T.G. Tool of Biochemistry. Wiley-Blackwell (1977).

• Wilson, K. & Walker, J. Practical Biochemistry. Cambridge University Press (2009).
• Varley, H., Gowenlock, A.H & Bell, M.: Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Heinemann,
• London (1980).
• Devlin, T.M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, John Wiley &
• Sons, 2010.
• Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. & Stryer, L. Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman, 2002.
• Talwar, G.P. & Srivastava, M. Textbook of Biochemistry and Human Biology, 3rd Ed.
• PHI Learning.
• Nelson, D.L. & Cox, M.M. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman,
• 2013.
• O. Mikes, R.A. Chalmers: Laboratory Handbook of Chromatographic Methods, D.
• Van Nostrand & Co., 1961.
Or
SEC-1: Pharmaceutical Chemistry Credits: 02
SEC1T: Pharmaceutical Chemistry Credits: 01
Theory: 30 Lectures
Drugs & Pharmaceuticals

Drug discovery, design and development; Basic Retrosynthetic approach. Synthesis of the
representative drugs of the following classes: analgesics agents, antipyretic agents,
antiinflammatoryagents (Aspirin, paracetamol, lbuprofen); antibiotics (Chloramphenicol);
antibacterial and antifungal agents (Sulphonamides; Sulphanethoxazol, Sulphacetamide,
Trimethoprim); antiviral agents (Acyclovir), Central Nervous System agents (Phenobarbital,
Diazepam),Cardiovascular (Glyceryl trinitrate), antilaprosy (Dapsone), HIV-AIDS related
drugs (AZT- Zidovudine).
Fermentation
Aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. Production of (i) Ethyl alcohol and citric acid, (ii)
Antibiotics; Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Chloromycetin and Streptomycin, (iii) Lysine,
Glutamic acid, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C.
SEC1P: Pharmaceutical Chemistry Credits: 01
Practicals:
1. Preparation of Aspirin and its analysis.
2. Preparation of magnesium bisilicate (Antacid).
Reference Books:
• Patrick, G. L. Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, Oxford University Press, UK,
11
2013.
• Singh, H. & Kapoor, V.K. Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vallabh
Prakashan, Pitampura, New Delhi, 2012.
• Foye, W.O., Lemke, T.L. & William, D.A.: Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 4th
ed., B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
GE3: Chemical Energetics, Equilibria, Organic Chemistry-II

Credits 06
GE3T: Chemical Energetics, Equilibria, Organic Chemistry-II Credits 04
Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A: Physical Chemistry-II (30 Lectures)

Chemical Energetics (14 Lectures)
Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open systems;
zeroth law of thermodynamics; Concept of heat, work, internal energy and statement of first
law; enthalpy, H; relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, U and H for
reversible, irreversible and free expansion of gases Standard states; Heats of reaction;
enthalpy of formation of molecules and ions and enthalpy of combustion and its applications;
Laws of thermochemistry; bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from
thermochemical data, Kirchhoff’s equations and effect of pressure on enthalpy of reactions;
Adiabatic flame temperature; explosion temperature Statement of the second law of
thermodynamics; Concept of heat reservoirs and heat engines; Carnot cycle; Physical concept
of Entropy; Carnot engine, refrigerator and efficiency; Entropy change of systems and
surroundings for various processes and transformations; Auxiliary state functions (G and A)
and Criteria for spontaneity and equilibrium.
Chemical Equilibrium: (08 Lectures)

Thermodynamic conditions for equilibrium, degree of advancement; Variation of free energy
with degree of advancement; Equilibrium constant and standard Gibbs free energy change;
Definitions of KP, KC and KX and relation among them; van’t Hoff’s reaction isotherm,
isobar and isochore from different standard states; Shifting of equilibrium due to change in
external parameters e.g. temperature and pressure; variation of equilibrium constant with
addition to inert gas; Le Chatelier’s principle
Ionic Equilibria: (08 Lectures)

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of
ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water; Ionization of weak acids and bases,
pH scale, common ion effect; Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of
hydrolysis and pH for different salts; Buffer solutions; Solubility and solubility product of
sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle
12
1. Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw Hill (2007).

3. Kotz, J.C., Treichel, P.M. & Townsend, J.R. General Chemistry Cengage Learning India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
5. Ekambaram, S. General Chemistry, Pearson.
8. Bahl, B.S., Bahl, A., Tuli, G.D., Essentials of Physical Chemistry S. Chand & Co. ltd.
10. Mandal, A. K. Degree Physical and General Chemistry Sarat Book House
Section-B: Organic Chemistry-II (30 Lectures)
Functional group app roach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to
be studied in context to their structures.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons 06 Lectures

Benzene: Preparation: from phenol, by decarboxylation, from acetylene, from Benzene
sulphonic acid. Reactions: electrophilic substitution (general mechanism); nitration (with
mechanism), halogenations (chlorination and bromination), sulphonation and Friedel-Craft’s
reaction (alkylation and acylation) (up to 4 carbons on benzene); side chain oxidation of alkyl
benzenes (up to 4 carbons on benzene).
Organometallic Compounds (2 Lectures)

Introduction; Grignard reagents: Preparations (from alkyl and aryl halide); concept of
umpolung; Reformatsky reaction.
Aryl Halides (3 Lectures)

Preparation: (chloro-, bromo- and iodobenzene): from phenol, Sandmeyer reactions.
Reactions (Chlorobenzene): nucleophilic aromatic substitution (replacement by –OH group)
and effect of nitro substituent (activated nucleophilic substitution).
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (11 Lectures)

Alcohols: (up to 5 Carbons). Preparation: 1°-, 2°- and 3°- alcohols: using Grignard reagent,
reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and esters; Reactions: With sodium, HX
(Lucas test), oxidation (alkaline KMnO4, acidic dichromate, concentrated HNO3);
Oppenauer oxidation;
Diols: Preparation (with OsO4); pinacol- pinacolone rearrangement (with mechanism) (with
symmetrical diols only).
Phenols: Preparation: cumene hydroperoxide method, from diazonium salts; acidic nature of
phenols; Reactions: electrophilic substitution: nitration and halogenations;
13
Reimer -Tiemann reaction, Houben–Hoesch condensation, Schotten –Baumann reaction,
Fries rearrangement and Claisen rearrangement.
Ethers: Preparation: Williamson’s ether synthesis; Reaction: cleavage of ethers with HI.
Carbonyl Compounds (08 Lectures)

Aldehydes and Ketones (aliphatic and aromatic): (Formaldehye, acetaldehyde, acetone and
benzaldehyde): Preparation: from acid chlorides, from nitriles and from Grignard reagents;
general properties of aldehydes and ketones; Reactions: with HCN, ROH,
NaHSO3, NH2-G derivatives and with Tollens’ and Fehling’s reagents; iodoform test; aldol
condensation (with mechanism); Cannizzaro reaction (with mechanism),Wittig reaction,
benzoin condensation; Clemmensen reduction, Wolff- Kishner reduction and Meerwein-
Pondorff- Verley (MPV) reduction.
Suggested Readings:
1. Sethi, A. Conceptual Organic Chemistry; New Age International Publisher.
2. Parmar, V. S. A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S. Chand & Sons.
3. Madan, R. L. Organic Chemistry, S. Chand & Sons.
4. Wade, L. G., Singh, M. S., Organic Chemistry, Pearson.
5. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson
Education).
6. Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
7. Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.
GE-3P: LAB: Practicals Credits 02

(60 Lectures)
Practicals:
Section A: Physical Chemistry-LAB (15x2=30 Lectures)

(Minimum five experiments to complete)
(I) Thermochemistry (Any three)
1. Determination of heat capacity of calorimeter for different volumes
2. Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium
hydroxide
3. Determination of enthalpy of ionization of acetic acid
4. Determination of enthalpy of hydration of copper sulphate
(II) Ionic Equilibria (Any two)
a) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and
soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode)
using pH-meter and compare it with the indicator method
b) Preparation of buffer solutions and find the pH of an unknown buffer solution by colour
matching method (using following buffers)
(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid
(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide
c) Study of the solubility of benzoic acid in water
14
Suggested Readings:
1. University Hand Book of Undergraduate Chemistry Experiments, edited by Mukherjee,

G. N., University of Calcutta, 2003.
3. Mukherjee, N.G., Selected Experiments in Physical Chemistry J. N. Ghose & Sons
Section B: Organic Chemistry-LAB
Identification of a pure organic compound
Solid compounds: oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, resorcinol, urea, glucose, benzoic
acid and salicylic acid.
Liquid Compounds: methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, aniline, dimethylaniline,
benzaldehyde, chloroform and nitrobenzene
Suggested Readings:
1. Bhattacharyya, R. C, A Manual of Practical Chemistry.

2. Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Textbook of
Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.
3. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman, 1960.
15
Curriculum for B.Sc (Honours) in Chemistry
[Choice Based Credit System]
Semester-IV
Course Course Name of the Course Teaching Credit Marks

Nature per week
L T P
CC-8 C8T:Physical Chemistry- Core Course 4 0 0 6 75
III -8
C8P:Lab 0 0 4
CC-9 C9T: Inorganic Core Course 4 0 0 6 75
Chemistry - III -9
C9P: Lab 0 0 4
CC-10 C10T: Organic Core Course 4 0 0 6 75
Chemistry -IV - 10
C10P: Lab 0 0 4
GE-4 Generic 6 75
TBD Elective-4
SEC-2 SEC-2 : Basic analytical Skill 1-1-0/1-0-2 2 50

Chemistry Or Chemistry of
Cosmetics and Perfumes Or Enhancement
Pesticides Chemistry Or Course-2
Fuel Chemistry
L=Lecture, T= Tutorial, P=Practical, CC = Core Course, GE= Generic Elective, SEC = Skill
Enhancement Course, TBD = to be decided
Generic Elective (GE) (Interdisciplinary) from other Department : Papers are to be taken from
any of the following discipline: Mathematics/Physics /Computer Sc/Statistics/Geology/
Electronics/zoology/Botany /Microbiology/Physiology/Biotechnology/Nutrition
Modalities of selection of Generic Electives (GE): A student shall have to choose 04 Generic
Elective (GE1 to GE4) strictly from 02 subjects / disciplines of choice taking exactly 02 courses
from each subjects of disciplines. Such a student shall have to study the curriculum of Generic
Elective (GE) of a subject or discipline specified for the relevant semester.
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Core Course (CC)
CC-8: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-III Credits 06
C8T: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-III Credits 04
Course Contents:
a) Application of Thermodynamics – II
Colligative properties: Vapour pressure of solution; Ideal solutions, ideally diluted solutions and
colligative properties; Raoult's law; Thermodynamic derivation using chemical potential to
derive relations between the four colligative properties [(i) relative lowering of vapour pressure,
(ii) elevation of boiling point, (iii) Depression of freezing point, (iv) Osmotic pressure] and
amount of solute. Applications in calculating molar masses of normal, dissociated and associated
solutes in solution; Abnormal colligative properties
Phase rule: Definitions of phase, component and degrees of freedom; Phase rule and its
derivations; Definition of phase diagram; Phase diagram for water, CO 2 , Sulphur
First order phase transition and Clapeyron equation; Clausius-Clapeyron equation - derivation
and use; Liquid vapour equilibrium for two component systems; Phenol-water system
Three component systems, water-chloroform-acetic acid system, triangular plots
Binary solutions: Ideal solution at fixed temperature and pressure; Principle of fractional
distillation; Duhem-Margules equation; Henry's law; Konowaloff's rule; Positive and negative
deviations from ideal behavior; Azeotropic solution; Liquid-liquid phase diagram using phenol-
water system; Solid-liquid phase diagram; Eutectic mixture
b) Electrical Properties of molecules
Ionic equilibria: Chemical potential of an ion in solution; Activity and activity coefficients of
ions in solution; Debye-Huckel limiting law-brief qualitative description of the postulates
involved, qualitative idea of the model, the equation (without derivation) for ion-ion atmosphere
interaction potential. Estimation of activity coefficient for electrolytes using Debye-Huckel
limiting law; Derivation of mean ionic activity coefficient from the expression of ion-atmosphere
interaction potential; Applications of the equation and its limitations
Electromotive Force: Quantitative aspects of Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, rules of

oxidation/reduction of ions based on half-cell potentials, applications of electrolysis in
metallurgy and industry; Chemical cells, reversible and irreversible cells with examples;
Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement, Nernst equation; Standard electrode
(reduction) potential and its application to different kinds of half-cells. Application of EMF
measurements in determining (i) free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell reaction, (ii)
equilibrium constants, and (iii) pH values, using hydrogen, quinone-hydroquinone, glass and
SbO/Sb 2 O 3 electrodes
Concentration cells with and without transference, liquid junction potential; determination
ofactivity coefficients and transference numbers; Qualitative discussion of potentiometric
titrations (acid-base, redox, precipitation)
Dipole moment and polarizability: Polarizability of atoms and molecules, dielectric constant and
polarisation, molar polarisation for polar and non-polar molecules; Clausius-Mosotti equation
and Debye equation (both without derivation) and their application; Determination of dipole
moments
C) Quantum Chemistry
Angular momentum: Commutation rules, quantization of square of total angular momentum

and z-component; Rigid rotator model of rotation of diatomic molecule; Schrödinger equation,
transformation to spherical polar coordinates; Separation of variables. Spherical harmonics;
Discussion of solution
Qualitative treatment of hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like ions: Setting up of Schrödinger

equation in spherical polar coordinates, radial part, quantization of energy (only final energy
expression); Average and most probable distances of electron from nucleus; Setting up of
Schrödinger equation for many-electron atoms (He, Li)
LCAO and HF-SCF: Covalent bonding, valence bond and molecular orbital approaches,
LCAO-MO treatment of H 2 +; Bonding and antibonding orbitals; Qualitative extension to H 2 ;
Comparison of LCAO-MO and VB treatments of H 2 and their limitations; Hartree-Fock method
development, SCF and configuration interaction (only basics)
Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkin’s, Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press
Suggested Readings:

Press
11. Maron, S.H., Prutton, C. F., Principles of Physical Chemistry, McMillan
12. Klotz, I.M., Rosenberg, R. M. Chemical Thermodynamics:Basic Concepts and Methods
Wiley
14. Glasstone, S. An Introduction to Electrochemistry, East-West Press
C8P : Lab Credits 02
Practical :
Experiment 1: Determination of solubility of sparingly soluble salt in water, in electrolyte with

common ions and in neutral electrolyte (using common indicator)
Experiment 2: Potentiometric titration of Mohr’s salt solution against standard K 2 Cr 2 O 7 solution
Experiment 3: Determination of K sp for AgCl by potentiometric titration of AgNO 3 solution

against standard KCl solution
Experiment 4: Effect of ionic strength on the rate of Persulphate – Iodide reaction
Experiment 5: Study of phenol-water phase diagram
Experiment 6: pH-metric titration of acid (mono- and di-basic) against strong base
Suggested Readings:
G. N., University of Calcutta
CC-9: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III Credit 06
C9T: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III Credit 04
Course Contents:
General Principles of Metallurgy
Chief modes of occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials. Ellingham diagrams
for reduction of metal oxides using carbon and carbon monoxide as reducing agent. Electrolytic
Reduction, Hydrometallurgy. Methods of purification of metals: Electrolytic Kroll process,
Parting process, van Arkel-de Boer process and Mond’s process, Zone refining.
Chemistry of s and p Block Elements
Relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and anomalous behaviour of
first member of each group. Allotropy and catenation. Study of the following compounds with
emphasis on structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses. Beryllium hydrides and halides.
Boric acid and borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) and graphitic compounds,
silanes, Oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine. Peroxo acids of
sulphur, sulphur-nitrogen compounds, interhalogen compounds, polyhalide ions,
pseudohalogens, fluorocarbons and basic properties of halogens.
Noble Gases:
Occurrence and uses, rationalization of inertness of noble gases, Clathrates; preparation and
properties of XeF 2 , XeF 4 and XeF 6 ; Nature of bonding in noble gas compounds (Valence bond
treatment and MO treatment for XeF 2 and XeF 4 ). Xenon-oxygen compounds. Molecular shapes
of noble gas compounds (VSEPR theory).
Inorganic Polymers:
Types of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural aspects
and applications of silicones and siloxanes. Borazines, silicates and phosphazenes.
Coordination Chemistry-I
Coordinate bonding: double and complex salts. Werner’s theory of coordination complexes,
Classification of ligands, Ambidentate ligands, chelates, Coordination numbers, IUPAC
nomenclature of coordination complexes (up to two metal centers), Isomerism in coordination
compounds, constitutional and stereo isomerism, Geometrical and optical isomerism in square
planar and octahedral complexes.
Suggested Readings:
1. Huheey, J. E.; Keiter, E.A. & Keiter, R.L. Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure
and Reactivity 4th Ed., Harper Collins 1993, Pearson,2006.
2. Greenwood, N.N. & Earnshaw A. Chemistry of the Elements, Butterworth-Heinemann,
1997.
3. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Murrillo, C. A., Bochmann, M., Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry 6th Ed. 1999., Wiley.
4. Miessler, G. L. & Donald, A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry 4th Ed., Pearson, 2010.
Philadelphia, 1980.
(1998).
C9P: LAB Credits 02
Practical:
Complexometric titration
1. Zn(II)
2. Zn(II) in a Zn(II) and Cu(II) mixture.
3. Ca(II) and Mg(II) in a mixture.
4. Hardness of water.
Inorganic preparations
1. [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4 ]PF 6 /ClO 4
2. Cis and trans K[Cr(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]
3. Potassium diaquadioxalatochromate(III)
4. Tetraamminecarbonatocobalt (III) ion
5. Potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III)
6. Tris-(ethylenediamine) nickel(II) chloride.
7. [Mn(acac) 3 ] and Fe(acac) 3 ] (acac= acetylacetonate)
Suggested Readings:
1. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson,

2009.
2. Inorganic Synthesis, Vol. 1-10.
CC-10: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-IV Credits 06

C10T: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-IV Credits 04
Course Contents:
Nitrogen compounds
Amines: Aliphatic & Aromatic: preparation, separation (Hinsberg’s method) and identification of
primary, secondary and tertiary amines; reaction (with mechanism): Eschweiler–Clarke
methylation, diazo coupling reaction, Mannich reaction; formation and reactions of
phenylenediamines, diazomethane and diazoacetic ester.
Nitro compounds (aliphatic and aromatic): preparation and reaction (with mechanism):
reduction under different conditions; Nef carbonyl synthesis, Henry reaction and conjugate
addition of nitroalkane anion.
Alkylnitrile and isonitrile: preparation and reaction (with mechanism): Thorpe nitrile
condensation, von Richter reaction.
Diazonium salts and their related compounds: reactions (with mechanism) involving
replacement of diazo group; reactions: Gomberg, Meerwein, Japp-Klingermann.
Rearrangements
Mechanism with evidence and stereochemical features for the following

Rearrangement to electron-deficient carbon: Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, pinacol
rearrangement, dienone-phenol; Wolff rearrangement in Arndt-Eistert synthesis, benzil-benzilic
acid rearrangement, Demjanov rearrangement, Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement.
Rearrangement to electron-deficient nitrogen: rearrangements: Hofmann, Curtius, Lossen,

Schmidt and Beckmann.
Rearrangement to electron-deficient oxygen: Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, cumene hydroperoxide-

phenol rearrangement and Dakin reaction.
Aromatic rearrangements: Migration from oxygen to ring carbon: Fries rearrangement and
Claisen rearrangement.
Migration from nitrogen to ring carbon: Hofmann-Martius rearrangement, Fischer-Hepp
rearrangement, N-azo to C-azo rearrangement, Bamberger rearrangement, Orton rearrangement
and benzidine rearrangement.
Rearrangement reactions by green approach: Fries rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement,

Beckmann rearrangement, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation.
The Logic of Organic Synthesis
Retrosynthetic analysis: disconnections; synthons, donor and acceptor synthons; natural

reactivity and umpolung; latent polarity in bifunctional compounds: consonant and dissonant
polarity; illogical electrophiles and nucleophiles; synthetic equivalents; functional group
interconversion and addition (FGI and FGA); C-C disconnections and synthesis: one-group and
two-group (1,2- to 1,5-dioxygenated compounds), reconnection (1,6-dicarbonyl); protection-
deprotection strategy (alcohol, amine, carbonyl, acid).
Strategy of ring synthesis: thermodynamic and kinetic factors; synthesis of large rings,
application of high dilution technique.
Asymmetric synthesis: stereoselective and stereospecific reactions; diastereoselectivity and

enantioselectivity (only definition); enantioselectivity: kinetically controlled MPV reduction;
diastereoselectivity: addition of nucleophiles to C=O adjacent to a stereogenic centre: Felkin-
Anh and Zimmermann-Traxler models.
Organic Spectroscopy
UV Spectroscopy: introduction; types of electronic transitions, end absorption; transition dipole
moment and allowed/forbidden transitions; chromophores and auxochromes; Bathochromic and
Hypsochromic shifts; intensity of absorptions (Hyper-/Hypochromic effects); application of
Woodward’s Rules for calculation of λ max for the following systems: conjugated diene, α,β-
unsaturated aldehydes and ketones (alicyclic, homoannular and heteroannular); extended
conjugated systems (dienes, aldehydes and ketones); relative positions of λ max considering
conjugative effect, steric effect, solvent effect, effect of pH; effective chromophore
concentration: keto-enol systems; benzenoid transitions.
IR Spectroscopy: introduction; modes of molecular vibrations (fundamental and non-

fundamental); IR active molecules; application of Hooke’s law, force constant; fingerprint
region and its significance; effect of deuteration; overtone bands; vibrational coupling in IR;
characteristic and diagnostic stretching frequencies of C-H, N-H, O-H, C-O, C-N, C-X, C=C
(including skeletal vibrations of aromatic compounds), C=O, C=N, N=O, C≡C, C≡N;
characteristic/diagnostic bending vibrations are included; factors affecting stretching
frequencies: effect of conjugation, electronic effects, mass effect, bond multiplicity, ring-size,
solvent effect, H-bonding on IR absorptions; application in functional group analysis.
NMR Spectroscopy: introduction; nuclear spin; NMR active molecules; basic principles of
Proton Magnetic Resonance; equivalent and non-equivalent protons; chemical shift and factors
influencing it; ring current effect; significance of the terms: up-/downfield, shielded and
deshielded protons; spin coupling and coupling constant (1st order spectra); relative intensities of
first-order multiplets: Pascal’s triangle; chemical and magnetic equivalence in NMR ;
elementary idea about non-first-order splitting; anisotropic effects in alkene, alkyne, aldehydes
and aromatics; NMR peak area, integration; relative peak positions with coupling patterns of
common organic compounds (both aliphatic and benzenoid-aromatic); rapid proton exchange;
interpretation of NMR spectra of simple compounds.
Applications of IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy for identification of simple organic molecules.
Suggested Readings:
1. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
2. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural
Products), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.(Pearson Education).
3. Norman, R.O. C., Coxon, J. M. Principles of Organic Synthesis, Third Edition, Nelson
Thornes, 2003.
4. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S., Organic Chemistry, Second edition, Oxford
5. Silverstein, R. M., Bassler, G. C., Morrill, T. C. Spectrometric Identification of Organic
Compounds, John Wiley and Sons, INC, Fifth edition.
6. Kemp, W. Organic Spectroscopy, Palgrave.
7. Pavia, D. L. et al. Introduction to Spectroscopy, 5th Ed. Cengage Learning India Ed.
(2015).
8. Dyer, J. Application of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, PHI Private
Limited
9. March, J. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Fourth edition, Wiley.
10. Harwood, L. M., Polar Rearrangements, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford University
Press.
11. Bailey, Morgan, Organonitrogen Chemistry, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford
University Press.
12. Ahluwalia, V. K. Strategies for Green Organic Synthesis, ANE Books Pvt. Ltd.
13. Warren, S. Organic Synthesis the Disconnection Approach, John Wiley and Sons.
14. Warren, S., Designing Organic Synthesis, Wiley India, 2009.
15. Carruthers, W. Modern methods of Organic Synthesis, Cambridge University Press.
16.Willis, C. A., Wills, M., Organic Synthesis, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford
University Press.
C10P : LAB Credits 02
List of Practical
Quantitative Estimations:
Each student is required to perform all the experiments.
1. Estimation of glycine by Sörensen’s formol method

2. Estimation of glucose by titration using Fehling’s solution
3. Estimation of sucrose by titration using Fehling’s solution
4. Estimation of vitamin-C (reduced)
5. Estimation of aromatic amine (aniline) by bromination (Bromate-Bromide) method
6. Estimation of phenol by bromination (Bromate-Bromide) method
7. Estimation of formaldehyde (Formalin)
8. Estimation of acetic acid in commercial vinegar
9. Estimation of urea (hypobromite method)
10. Estimation of saponification value of oil/fat/ester
Suggested Readings:
1. Arthur, I. V. Quantitative Organic Analysis, Pearson

Skill Enhancement Course (SEC)
SEC-2: BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Credits 02

SEC2T: BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Credits 01
Course Contents:
Introduction: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry and its interdisciplinary nature. Concept

of sampling. Importance of accuracy, precision and sources of error in analytical measurements.
Presentation of experimental data and results, from the point of view of significant figures.
Analysis of soil: Composition of soil, Concept of pH and pH measurement, Complexometric

titrations, Chelation, Chelating agents, use of indicators
Analysis of water: Definition of pure water, sources responsible for contaminating water, water
sampling methods, water purification methods.
Analysis of food products: Nutritional value of foods, idea about food processing and food
preservations and adulteration.
Chromatography: Definition, general introduction on principles of chromatography, paper

chromatography, TLC etc.
Ion-exchange: Column, ion-exchange chromatography etc.
Analysis of cosmetics: Major and minor constituents and their function
SEC-2P: Practical Credits 01

A:
1. Determination of pH of soil samples.
2. Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium ions as Calcium carbonate by complexometric
titration.
3. Determination of pH, acidity and alkalinity of a water sample.
4. Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) of a water sample.
5. Identification of adulterants in some common food items like coffee powder, asafoetida,
chilli powder, turmeric powder, coriander powder and pulses, etc.
6. Analysis of preservatives and colouring matter.
7. Paper chromatographic separation of mixture of metal ion (Fe3+ and Al3+).
8. To compare paint samples by TLC method.
9. Determination of ion exchange capacity of anion / cation exchange resin (using batch
procedure if use of column is not feasible).
10. Analysis of deodorants and antiperspirants, Al, Zn, boric acid, chloride, sulphate.
11. Determination of constituents of talcum powder: Magnesium oxide, Calcium oxide, Zinc
oxide and Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration.
B:
Suggested Applications (Any one):
a. To study the use of phenolphthalein in traps cases.
b. To analyze arson accelerants.
c. To carry out analysis of gasoline.
C:
Suggested Instrumental demonstrations:
a. Estimation of macro nutrients: Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium in soil samples by

flame photometry.
b. Spectrophotometric determination of Iron in Vitamin / Dietary Tablets.
c. Spectrophotometric Identification and Determination of Caffeine and Benzoic Acid
in Soft Drink.
Suggested Readings:
1. Willard, H. H. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, CBS Publishers.

2. Skoog & Lerry. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Saunders College Publications, New York.
3. Skoog, D.A.; West, D.M. & Holler, F.J. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry 6th Ed.,
Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth (1992).
4. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, W. H. Freeman.
5. Dean, J. A. Analytical Chemistry Notebook, McGraw Hill.
6. Day, R. A. & Underwood, A. L. Quantitative Analysis, Prentice Hall of India.
7. Freifelder, D. Physical Biochemistry 2nd Ed., W.H. Freeman and Co., N.Y. USA (1982).
8. Cooper, T.G. The Tools of Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. USA. 16 (1977).
9. Vogel, A. I. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis 7th Ed., Prentice Hall.
10. Vogel, A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Prentice Hall.
11. Robinson, J.W. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis 5th Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York (1995).
Or
SEC-2: CHEMISTRY OF COSMETICS & PERFUMES Credit 02

SEC2T: CHEMISTRY OF COSMETICS & PERFUMES Credit 01
Course Contents:
A general study including preparation and uses of the following: Hair dye, hair spray, shampoo,
suntan lotions, face powder, lipsticks, talcum powder, nail enamel, creams (cold, vanishing and
shaving creams), antiperspirants and artificial flavours. Essential oils and their importance in
cosmetic industries with reference to Eugenol, Geraniol, sandalwood oil, eucalyptus, rose oil, 2-
phenyl ethyl alcohol, Jasmone, Civetone, Muscone.
SEC2P: Practicals Credits 01
1. Preparation of talcum powder.

2. Preparation of shampoo.
3. Preparation of enamels.
4. Preparation of hair remover.
5. Preparation of face cream.
6. Preparation of nail polish and nail polish remover.
Suggested Readings:
• E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol -I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.

• P.C. Jain, M. Jain: Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
• B.K. Sharma: Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut.
Or
SEC-2: PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY Credit 02

SEC2T: PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY Credit 01
Course Contents:
General introduction to pesticides (natural and synthetic), benefits and adverse effects, changing
concepts of pesticides, structure activity relationship, synthesis and technical manufacture and
uses of representative pesticides in the following classes: Organochlorines (DDT, Gammexene,);
Organophosphates (Malathion, Parathion ); Carbamates (Carbofuran and carbaryl); Quinones (
Chloranil), Anilides (Alachlor and Butachlor).
SEC2P: Practicals Credit 01
1. To calculate acidity/alkalinity in given sample of pesticide formulations as per BIS

specifications.
2. Preparation of simple organophosphates, phosphonates and thiophosphates
Suggested Readings:
• R. Cremlyn: Pesticides, John Wiley.
Or
SEC-2: FUEL CHEMISTRY Credits 02
SEC2T: FUEL CHEMISTRY
Course Contents:
Review of energy sources (renewable and non-renewable). Classification of fuels and their
calorific value. Coal: Uses of coal (fuel and nonfuel) in various industries, its composition,
carbonization of coal.Coal gas, producer gas and water gas—composition and uses. Fractionation
of coal tar, uses of coal tar bases chemicals, requisites of a good metallurgical coke, Coal
gasification(Hydro gasification and Catalytic gasification), Coal liquefaction and Solvent
Refining. Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry: Composition of crude petroleum, Refining
and different types of petroleum products and their applications. Fractional Distillation (Principle
and process), Cracking (Thermal and catalytic cracking), Reforming Petroleum and non-
petroleum fuels (LPG, CNG, LNG, bio-gas, fuels derived from biomass), fuel from waste,
synthetic fuels (gaseous and liquids), clean fuels. Petrochemicals: Vinyl acetate, Propylene
oxide, Isoprene, Butadiene, Toluene and its derivatives Xylene. Lubricants: Classification of
lubricants, lubricating oils (conducting and non-conducting) Solid and semisolid lubricants,
synthetic lubricants. Properties of lubricants (viscosity index, cloud point, pore point) and their
determination.
Suggested Readings:
• E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol -I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.

• P.C. Jain, M. Jain: Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
• B.K. Sharma: Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut.
Generic Elective (GE)

[Interdisciplinary for other department]
GE-4: Solutions, Phase Eequilibria, Conductance, Electrochemistry & Analytical and

Enviornmetal Chemistry-I Credits 06
GE4T : Solutions, Phase Eequilibria, Conductance, Electrochemistry & Analytical and

Enviornmetal Chemistry-I Credits 04
Course Contents:
Section A: Physical Chemistry-III
Solutions
Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law, deviations from Raoult’s law – non-ideal solutions; Vapour pressure-
composition and temperature-composition curves of ideal and non-ideal solutions; Distillation of
solutions; Lever rule; Azeotropes Critical solution temperature; effect of impurity on partial miscibility of
liquids; Immiscibility of liquids- Principle of steam distillation; Nernst distribution law and its
applications, solvent extraction
Phase Equilibria
Phases, components and degrees of freedom of a system, criteria of phase equilibrium; Gibbs Phase Rule
and its thermodynamic derivation; Derivation of Clausius – Clapeyron equation and its importance in
phase equilibria; Phase diagrams of one-component systems (water and sulphur) and two component
systems involving eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting points (lead-silver, FeCl3-H2O and Na-K
only)
Conductance
Conductance, cell constant, specific conductance and molar conductance; Variation of specific and
equivalent conductance with dilution for strong and weak electrolytes; Kohlrausch’s law of
independent migration of ions; Equivalent and molar conductance at infinite dilution and their
determination for strong and weak electrolytes; Ostwald’s dilution law; Application of conductance
measurement (determination of solubility product and ionic product of water); Conductometric
titrations (acid-base) Transport Number and principles of Hittorf’s and Moving-boundary method
Electromotive force
Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, rules of oxidation/reduction of ions based on half-cell potentials,

applications of electrolysis in metallurgy and industry; Chemical cells, reversible and irreversible
cells with examples; Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement, Nernst equation; Standard
electrode (reduction) potential; Electrochemical series; Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation
of thermodynamic properties: G, H and S from EMF data Concentration cells with and without
transference, liquid junction potential; pH determination using hydrogen electrode and quinhydrone;
Qualitative discussion of potentiometric titrations (acid-base, redox, precipitation)
Suggested Readings:
1. Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐ Hill (2007).

3. Kotz, J.C., Treichel, P.M. & Townsend, J.R. General Chemistry Cengage Learning India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
7. Bahl, B.S., Bahl, A., Tuli, G.D., Essentials of Physical Chemistry S. Chand & Co. ltd.
Section B: Analytical and Environmental Chemistry
Chemical Analysis
Gravimetric analysis: solubility product and common ion effect; requirements of gravimetry;
gravimetric estimation of chloride, sulphate, lead, barium, nickel, copper and zinc.
Volumetric analysis: primary and secondary standard substances; principles of acidbase, oxidation –
reduction and complexometric titrations; indicators: acid-base, redox and metal ion; principles of
estimation of mixtures: NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 (by acidimetry); iron, copper, manganese and
chromium (by redox titration); zinc, aluminum, calcium and magnesium (by complexometric EDTA
titration).
Chromatography: chromatographic methods of analysis: column chromatography and thin layer
chromatography.
Environmental Chemistry
The Atmosphere: composition and structure of the atmosphere; troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere
and thermosphere; ozone layer and its role; major air pollutants: CO, SO2, NOx and particulate
matters – their origin and harmful effects; problem of ozone layer depletion; green house effect; acid
rain and photochemical smog; air pollution episodes: air quality standard; air pollution control
measures: cyclone collector, electrostatic precipitator, catalytic converter.
The Hydrosphere: environmental role of water, natural water sources, water treatment for industrial,
domestic and laboratory uses; water pollutants; action of soaps and detergents, phosphates, industrial
effluents, agricultural runoff, domestic wastes; thermal pollution, radioactive pollution and their
effects on animal and plant life; water pollution episodes: water pollution control measures : waste
water treatment; chemical treatment and microbial treatment; water quality standards: DO, BOD,
COD, TDS and hardness parameters; desalination of sea water : reverse osmosis,
electrodialysis.
The Lithosphere: water and air in soil, waste matters and pollutants in soil, waste classification,
treatment and disposal; soil pollution and control measures.
Suggested Readings:
1. Banerjee, S. P. A Text Book of Analytical Chemistry, The New Book Stall.

2. Gangopadhyay, P. K. Application Oriented Chemistry, Book Syndicate.
3. Mondal, A. K & Mondal, S. Degree Applied Chemistry, Sreedhar Publications.
4. Banerjee, S. P. A Text Book of Analytical Chemistry, The New Book Stall.
GE4T: Practical Credits 02
Section A: Physical Chemistry-LAB

(Minimum six experiments to complete)
(I) Distribution Law (Any one)

Study of the equilibrium of one of the following reactions by the
Distribution method:
I2(aq) + I-(aq) = I3-(aq)Cu2+(aq) + xNH2(aq) = [Cu(NH3)x]2+
(II) Phase equilibria (Any one)
a) Construction of the phase diagram of a binary system (simple eutectic) using cooling curves
b) Determination of the critical solution temperature and composition of the phenol water system
and study of the effect of impurities on it
(III) Conductance
a) Determination of dissociation constant of a weak acid (cell constant, equivalent conductance
are also determined)
b) Perform the following conductometric titrations: (Any one)
(i) Strong acid vs. strong base
(ii) Weak acid vs. strong base
(IV) Potentiometry
Perform the following potentiometric titrations:
(i) Weak acid vs. strong base
(ii) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt
Suggested Readings:

3. Mukherjee, N.G., Selected Experiments in Physical Chemistry J. N. Ghose & Sons
Section B: Analytic and Environmental Chemistry-LAB
1. To find the total hardness of water by EDTA titration.

2. To find the PH of an unknown solution by comparing color of a series of HCl solutions + 1 drop of
methyl orange, and a similar series of NaOH solutions + 1 drop of phenolphthalein.
3. To determine the rate constant for the acid catalysed hydrolysis of an ester.
4. Determination of the strength of the H2O2 sample.
5. To determine the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt, e.g. KHTa (one bottle)
Suggested Readings:
1. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.:
New Delhi (2011).
2. Ghosal, Mahapatra & Nad, An Advanced Course in Practical Chemistry, New Central Book
Agency.
3. University Hand Book of Undergraduate Chemistry Experiments, edited by Mukherjee, G. N.
4. Das, S. C., Chakraborty, S. B., Practical Chemistry.
Curriculum for B.Sc. (Honours) in Chemistry [Choice Based Credit System]
Semester-V

Nature per week
L T P
CC- 11 C11T: Inorganic Chemistry Core Course-11 4 0 0 6 75
- IV
- Lab 0 0 4
CC- 12 C12T: Organic Chemistry - Core Course-12 4 0 0 6 75
V
- Lab 0 0 4
DSE-1 DSE1T: Advanced Discipline 4 0 0 6 75
Physical Chemistry Specific Electives
- Lab -1 0 0 4
DSE-2 DSE2T: Analytical Discipline 4 0 0 6 75
Methods in Chemistry Specific Electives
Or Instrumental Methods -2
of Chemical Analysis
- Lab 0 0 4
L= Lecture, T= Tutorial, P = Practical, CC - Core Course, TBD - To be decided, DSE:

Discipline Specific Elective.
Semester-V
List of Core Course (CC)
CC-11: Inorganic Chemistry - IV
CC-12: Organic Chemistry - V

Discipline Specific Electives (DSE)
DSE-1: Advanced Physical Chemistry
DSE-2: Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Or
DSE-2: Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis
SEMESTER –V
Core Courses (CC)
CC-11: Inorganic Chemistry - IV Credits 06
C11T: Inorganic Chemistry - IV Credits 04
Course Contents:
Coordination Chemistry-II
VB description and its limitations. Elementary Crystal Field Theory: splitting of dn

configurations in octahedral, square planar and tetrahedral fields, crystal field
stabilization energy (CFSE) in weak and strong fields; pairing energy. Spectrochemical
series. Jahn- Teller distortion. Octahedral site stabilization energy (OSSE). Metal-
ligand bonding (MO concept, elementary idea), sigma- and pi-bonding in octahedral
complexes (qualitative pictorial approach) and their effects on the oxidation states of
transitional metals (examples). Magnetism and Colour: Orbital and spin magnetic
moments, spin only moments of dn ions and their correlation with effective magnetic
moments, including orbital contribution; quenching of magnetic moment: super
exchange and antiferromagnetic interactions (elementary idea with examples only); d-d
transitions; L-S coupling; qualitative Orgel diagrams for 3d1 to 3d9 ions. Racah
parameter. Selection rules for electronic spectral transitions; spectrochemical series of
ligands; charge transfer spectra (elementary idea).
Chemistry of d- and f- block elements
Transition Elements:
General comparison of 3d, 4d and 5d elements in term of electronic configuration,

oxidation states, redox properties, coordination chemistry.
Lanthanoids and Actinoids:
General Comparison on Electronic configuration, oxidation states, colour, spectral and

magnetic properties; lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion-exchange
method only).
Suggested Readings:
2. Greenwood, N.N. & Earnshaw A. Chemistry of the Elements, Butterworth-
Heinemann. 1997.
3. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Murrillo, C. A., Bochmann, M., Advanced
Inorganic Chemistry 6th Ed. 1999., Wiley.
4. Atkin, P. Shriver & Atkins’ Inorganic Chemistry 5th Ed. Oxford University
Press (2010).
5. Purecell, K.F. and Kotz, J.C., An Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry,
Saunders: Philadelphia, 1980.
6. Sinha, S. P., Ed., Lanthanide and Actinide Research (Journal, Vol. 1, 1986).
7. Wulfsberg, G., Principles of Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry, Brooks/Cole:
Monterey, CA, 1987.
Practicals :
Chromatography of metal ions
Principles involved in chromatographic separations. Paper chromatographic separation

of following metal ions:
1. Ni (II) and Co (II)
2. Fe (III) and Al (III)
Gravimetry
1. Estimation of Ni(II) using Dimethylglyoxime (DMG).
2. Estimation of copper as CuSCN.
3. Estimation of Al(III) by precipitating with oxine and weighing as Al(oxine) 3
(aluminium oxinate).
4. Estimation of chloride.
Spectrophotometry
1. Measurement of 10Dq by spectrophotometric method.
2. Determination of λ max of [Mn(acac) 3 ] and [Fe(acac) 3 ] complexes.
Suggested Readings:
1. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson,

2009.
CC-12: Organic Chemistry - V Credits 06
C12T: Organic Chemistry - V Credits 04
Course Contents:
Carbocycles and Heterocycles
Polynuclear hydrocarbons and their derivatives: synthetic methods include Haworth,

Bardhan-Sengupta, Bogert-Cook and other useful syntheses (with mechanistic details);
fixation of double bonds and Fries rule; reactions (with mechanism) of naphthalene,
anthracene, phenanthrene and their derivatives.
Heterocyclic compounds: 5- and 6-membered rings with one heteroatom; reactivity,
orientation and important reactions (with mechanism) of furan, pyrrole, thiophene and
pyridine; synthesis (including retrosynthetic approach and mechanistic details): pyrrole:
Knorr synthesis, Paal-Knorr synthesis, Hantzsch; furan: Paal-Knorr synthesis, Feist-
Benary synthesis and its variation; thiophenes: Paal-Knorr synthesis, Hinsberg
synthesis; pyridine: Hantzsch synthesis; benzo-fused 5- and 6-membered rings with one
heteroatom: reactivity, orientation and important reactions (with mechanistic details) of
indole, quinoline and isoquinoline; synthesis (including retrosynthetic approach and
mechanistic details): indole: Fischer, Madelung and Reissert; quinoline: Skraup,
Doebner- Miller, Friedlander; isoquinoline: Bischler-Napieralski synthesis.
Cyclic Stereochemistry
Alicyclic compounds: concept of I-strain; conformational analysis: cyclohexane, mono

and disubstituted cyclohexane; symmetry properties and optical activity;
topomerisation; ring-size and ease of cyclisation; conformation & reactivity in
cyclohexane system: consideration of steric and stereoelectronic requirements;
elimination (E2, E1), nucleophilic substitution (S N 1, S N 2, S N i, NGP), merged
substitution-elimination; rearrangements; oxidation of cyclohexanol, esterification,
saponification, lactonisation, epoxidation, pyrolytic syn elimination and fragmentation
reactions.
Pericyclic reactions
Mechanism, stereochemistry, regioselectivity in case of
Electrocyclic reactions: FMO approach involving 4π- and 6π-electrons (thermal and
photochemical) and corresponding cycloreversion reactions.
Cycloaddition reactions: FMO approach, Diels-Alder reaction, photochemical [2+2]

cycloadditions.
Sigmatropic reactions: FMO approach, sigmatropic shifts and their order; [1,3]- and
[1,5]-H shifts and [3,3]-shifts with reference to Claisen and Cope rearrangements.
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides: Aldoses up to 6 carbons; structure of D-glucose & D-fructose

(configuration & conformation); ring structure of monosaccharides (furanose and
pyranose forms): Haworth representations and non-planar conformations; anomeric
effect (including stereoelectronic explanation); mutarotation; epimerization; reactions
(mechanisms in relevant cases): Fischer glycosidation, osazone formation, bromine-
water oxidation, HNO 3 oxidation, selective oxidation of terminal –CH 2 OH of aldoses,
reduction to alditols, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein rearrangement; stepping–up
(Kiliani-Fischer method) and stepping–down (Ruff’s & Wohl’s methods) of aldoses;
end-group-interchange of aldoses; acetonide (isopropylidene) and benzylidene
protections; ring-size determination; Fischer’s proof of configuration of (+)-glucose.
Disaccharides: Glycosidic linkages, concept of glycosidic bond formation by glycosyl

donor-acceptor; structure of sucrose, inversion of cane sugar.
Polysaccharides: starch (structure and its use as an indicator in titrimetric analysis).
Bio-molecules
Amino acids: synthesis with mechanistic details: Strecker, Gabriel, acetamido malonic
ester, azlactone, Bücherer hydantoin synthesis, synthesis involving diketopiperazine;
isoelectric point, zwitterions; electrophoresis, reaction (with mechanism): ninhydrin
reaction, Dakin-West reaction; resolution of racemic amino acids.
Peptides: peptide linkage and its geometry; syntheses (with mechanistic details) of
peptides using N-protection & C-protection, solid-phase (Merrifield) synthesis; peptide
sequence: C-terminal and N-terminal unit determination (Edman, Sanger & ‘dansyl’
methods); partial hydrolysis; specific cleavage of peptides: use of CNBr.
Nucleic acids: pyrimidine and purine bases (only structure & nomenclature);
nucleosides and nucleotides corresponding to DNA and RNA; mechanism for acid
catalysed hydrolysis of nucleosides (both pyrimidine and purine types); comparison of
alkaline hydrolysis of DNA and RNA; elementary idea of double helical structure of
DNA (Watson-Crick model); complimentary base–pairing in DNA.
Suggested Readings:
1. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. Organic Chemistry, Second edition,

Oxford University Press 2012.
2. Eliel, E. L. & Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley:
London.
4. Fleming, I. Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical reactions,
Reference/Studen Edition, Wiley, 2009.
5. Fleming, I. Pericyclic Reactions, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford University
Press.
6. Gilchrist, T. L. & Storr, R. C. Organic Reactions and Orbital symmetry,
Cambridge University Press.
7. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd.(Pearson Education).
8. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry
of Natural Products), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson
Education).
9. Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India)
Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
10. Loudon, G. M. Organic Chemistry, Fourth edition, Oxford University Press.
11. James, J., Peach, J. M. Stereochemistry at a Glance, Blackwell Publishing,
2003.
12. Robinson, M. J. T., Stereochemistry, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford
University Press, 2005.
13. Davis, B. G., Fairbanks, A. J., Carbohydrate Chemistry, Oxford Chemistry
Primer, Oxford University Press.
14. Joule, J. A. Mills, K. Heterocyclic Chemistry, Blackwell Science.
15. Acheson, R.M. Introduction to the Chemistry of Heterocyclic compounds,
John Wiely & Sons (1976).
16. Gilchrist, T. L. Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3rd edition, Pearson.
17. Davies, D. T., Heterocyclic Chemistry, Oxford Chemistry Primer, Oxford
University Press.
18. Organic Chemistry, Paula Bruice
Practicals :
A. Chromatographic Separations
1. TLC separation of a mixture containing 2/3 amino acids

2. TLC separation of a mixture of dyes (fluorescein and methylene blue)
3. Column chromatographic separation of leaf pigments from spinach leaves
4. Column chromatographic separation of mixture of dyes
5. Paper chromatographic separation of a mixture containing 2/3 amino acids
6. Paper chromatographic separation of a mixture containing 2/3 sugars
B. Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Compounds

1. Assignment of labelled peaks in the 1H NMR spectra of the known organic
compounds explaining the relative δ-values and splitting pattern.
2. Assignment of labelled peaks in the IR spectrum of the same compound explaining

the relative frequencies of the absorptions (C-H, O-H, N-H, C-O, C-N, C-X, C=C,
C=O, N=O, C≡C, C≡N stretching frequencies; characteristic bending vibrations are
included).
3. The students must record full spectral analysis of at least 15 (fifteen) compounds
from the following list:
(i) 4′-Bromoacetanilide (ii) 2-Bromo-4'-methylacetophenone (iii) Vanillin (iv) 2′-
Methoxyacetophenone (v) 4-Aminobenzoic acid (vi) Salicylamide (vii) 2′-
Hydroxyacetophenone (viii) 1,3-Dinitrobenzene (ix) trans-Cinnamic acid (x) trans-4-
Nitrocinnamaldehyde (xi) Diethyl fumarate (xii) 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde (xiii) 4′-
Methylacetanilide (xiv) Mesityl oxide (xv) 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (xvi) 4-
Nitroaniline (xvii) 2-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzaldehyde (xviii) 2,3-Dimethylbenzonitrile
(xix) Pent-1-yn-3-ol (xx) 3-Nitrobenzaldehyde (xxi) 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
(xxii) 2-Methoxybenzaldehyde (xxiii) Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (xxiv) Methyl 3-
hydroxybenzoate (xxv) 3-Aminobenzoic acid (xxvi) Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate (xxvii)
Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (xxviii) 3-nitroanisole (xxix) 5-Methyl-2-nitroanisole (xxx) 3′-
Methylacetanilide
Suggested Readings:
2. Practical Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBS, Chemistry, University of
Calcutta, 2015
3. Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. Practical
Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson (2012).
4. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson
Education.
DSE -1: Advanced Physical Chemistry Credits 06
DSE1T: Advanced Physical Chemistry Credits 04
Course Contents:
a) Crystal Structure
Bravais Lattice and Laws of Crystallography: Types of solid, Bragg’s law of

diffraction; Laws of crystallography (Haϋy’s law and Steno’s law); Permissible
symmetry axes in crystals; Lattice, space lattice, unit cell, crystal planes, Bravais lattice.
Packing of uniform hard sphere, close packed arrangements (fcc and hcp); Tetrahedral
and octahedral voids. Void space in p-type, F-type and I-type cubic systems
Crystal planes: Distance between consecutive planes [cubic, tetragonal and

orthorhombic lattices]; Indexing of planes, Miller indices; calculation of d hkl ; Relation
between molar mass and unit cell dimension for cubic system; Bragg’s law (derivation)
Determination of crystal structure: Powder method; Structure of NaCl and KCl crystals
b) Statistical Thermodynamics
Configuration: Macrostates, microstates and configuration; calculation with harmonic

oscillator; variation of W with E; equilibrium configuration
Boltzmann distribution: Thermodynamic probability, entropy and probability, Boltzmann

distribution formula (with derivation); Applications to barometric distribution; Partition
function, concept of ensemble - canonical ensemble and grand canonical ensembles
Partition function: molecular partition function and thermodynamic properties, Maxwell’s

speed distribution; Gibbs’ paradox
c) Special selected topics
Specific heat of solid: Coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal compressibility of solids;

Dulong –Petit’s law; Perfect Crystal model, Einstein’s theory – derivation from partition
function, limitations; Debye’s T3 law – analysis at the two extremes
3rd law: Absolute entropy, Plank’s law, Calculation of entropy, Nernst heat theorem
Adiabatic demagnetization: Approach to zero Kelvin, adiabatic cooling, demagnetization,

adiabatic demagnetization – involved curves
Polymers: Classification of polymers, nomenclature, Molecular forces and chemical bonding in

polymers, Texture of Polymers; Criteria for synthetic polymer formation; Relationships
between functionality, extent of reaction and degree of polymerization; Mechanism and kinetics
of step growth and copolymerization; Conducting polymers
Suggested Readings:

Press
7. Nash, L. K. Elements of Statistical Thermodynamics, Dover
10. Billmeyer, F. W. Textbook of Polymer Science, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
11. Seymour, R. B. & Carraher, C. E. Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, Marcel Dekker,
Inc.
12. Odian, G. Principles of Polymerization, Wiley
13. Billmeyer, F. W. Textbook of Polymer Science, Wiley Interscience, 1971.
DSE1P: Advanced Physical Chemistry (Lab) Credits 02
Practicals :
Computer programs based on numerical methods for
Programming 1: Roots of equations: (e.g. volume of van der Waals gas and comparison with
ideal gas, pH of a weak acid)
Programming 2: Numerical differentiation (e.g., change in pressure for small change in volume
of a van der Waals gas, potentiometric titrations)
Programming 3: Numerical integration (e.g. entropy/ enthalpy change from heat capacity data),
probability distributions (gas kinetic theory) and mean values
Programming 4: Matrix operations (Application of Gauss-Siedel method in colourimetry)
Programming 5: Simple exercises using molecular visualization software
Suggested Readings:
1. Mc Quarrie, D. A. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry University Science Books
(2008)
2. Mortimer, R. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Elsevier (2005)
3. Yates, P. Chemical Calculations. 2nd Ed. CRC Press (2007)
4. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 6th Ed., Freeman (2007) Chapters 3-5
5. Noggle, J. H. Physical Chemistry on a Microcomputer. Little Brown & Co. (1985)
DSE-2: Analytical Methods in Chemistry Credits 06
DSE2T: Analytical Methods in Chemistry Credits 04
Course Contents:
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of analysis:
Sampling, evaluation of analytical data, errors, accuracy and precision, methods of their
expression, normal law of distribution if indeterminate errors, statistical test of data; F,
Q and t test, rejection of data, and confidence intervals.
Optical methods of analysis:
Origin of spectra, interaction of radiation with matter, fundamental laws of

spectroscopy and selection rules, validity of Beer-Lambert’s law.
UV-Visible Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source,

monochromator and detector) for single and double beam instrument;
Basic principles of quantitative analysis: estimation of metal ions from aqueous
solution, geometrical isomers, keto-enol tautomers. Determination of composition of
metal complexes using Job’s method of continuous variation and mole ratio method.
Infrared Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source,
monochromator & detector) for single and double beam instrument; sampling
techniques.
Structural illustration through interpretation of data, Effect and importance of isotope

substitution.
Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry: Basic principles of

instrumentation (choice of source, monochromator, detector, choice of flame and
Burner designs. Techniques of atomization and sample introduction; Method of
background correction, sources of chemical interferences and their method of removal.
Techniques for the quantitative estimation of trace level of metal ions from water
samples.
Thermal methods of analysis:
Theory of thermogravimetry (TG), basic principle of instrumentation.
Techniques for quantitative estimation of Ca and Mg from their mixture.
Electroanalytical methods:
Classification of electroanalytical methods, basic principle of pH metric, potentiometric
and conductometric titrations. Techniques used for the determination of equivalence
points. Techniques used for the determination of pKa values.
Separation techniques:
Solvent extraction: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique.
Mechanism of extraction: extraction by solvation and chelation.
Technique of extraction: batch, continuous and counter current extractions.
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of solvent extraction: extraction of metal ions from
aqueous solution, extraction of organic species from the aqueous and nonaqueous
media.
Chromatography: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique.
Mechanism of separation: adsorption, partition & ion exchange.
Development of chromatograms: frontal, elution and displacement methods.
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of chromatographic methods of analysis: IC, GLC,

GPC, TLC and HPLC.
Stereoisomeric separation and analysis: Measurement of optical rotation, calculation of

Enantiomeric excess (ee)/ diastereomeric excess (de) ratios and determination of
enantiomeric composition using NMR, Chiral solvents and chiral shift reagents. Chiral
chromatographic techniques using chiral columns (GC and HPLC).
Role of computers in instrumental methods of analysis.
Suggested Readings:
2. Willard, H.H. et al.: Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed. Wardsworth Publishing
Company, Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
3. Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2004.
4. Harris, D.C.: Exploring Chemical Analysis, 9th Ed. New York, W.H. Freeman, 2016.
5. Khopkar, S.M. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry. New Age International
Publisher, 2009.
6. Skoog, D.A. Holler F.J. & Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Cengage
Learning India Ed.
7. Mikes, O. Laboratory Hand Book of Chromatographic & Allied Methods, Elles
Harwood Series on Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1979.
8. Ditts, R.V. Analytical Chemistry; Methods of separation, van Nostrand, 1974.
DSE2P: Analytical Methods in Chemistry (lab) Credits 02
Practical :
I. Separation Techniques
Chromatography:
(a) Separation of mixtures
Separation and identification of the monosaccharides present in the given mixture

(glucose & fructose) by paper chromatography. Reporting the R f values.
(b) Separate a mixture of Sudan yellow and Sudan Red by TLC technique and
identify them on the basis of their Rf values.
(c) Chromatographic separation of the active ingredients of plants, flowers and
juices by TLC
II. Solvent Extractions:

To separate a mixture of Ni2+ & Fe2+ by complexation with DMG and extracting the
Ni2+-DMG complex in chloroform, and determine its concentration by
spectrophotometry.
Analysis of soil:
(i) Determination of pH of soil.
(ii) Estimation of calcium, magnesium, phosphate
Ion exchange:
Determination of exchange capacity of cation exchange resins and anion exchange
resins.
III. Spectrophotometry
1. Determination of pKa values of indicator using spectrophotometry.

2. Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD).
3. Determination of Biological oxygen demand (BOD).
Suggested Readings:
2. Willard, H.H. et al.: Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed. Wardsworth Publishing
Company, Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
3. Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2004.
4. Harris, D.C. Exploring Chemical Analysis, 9th Ed. New York, W.H. Freeman, 2016.
5. Khopkar, S.M. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry. New Age International
Publisher, 2009.
6. Skoog, D.A. Holler F.J. and Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis,
Cengage Learning India Edition.
7. Mikes, O. & Chalmes, R.A. Laboratory Handbook of Chromatographic & Allied
Methods, Elles Harwood Ltd. London.
8. Ditts, R.V. Analytical Chemistry: Methods of separation. Van Nostrand, New York,
1974.
Or
DSE-2: Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis Credits 06
DSE2T: Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis Credits 04
Course Contents:
Introduction to spectroscopic methods of analysis:
Recap of the spectroscopic methods covered in detail in the core chemistry syllabus:
Treatment of analytical data, including error analysis. Classification of analytical methods and
the types of instrumental methods. Consideration of electromagnetic radiation.
Molecular spectroscopy:
Infrared spectroscopy:
Interactions with molecules: absorption and scattering. Means of excitation (light sources),
separation of spectrum (wavelength dispersion, time resolution), detection of the signal (heat,
differential detection), interpretation of spectrum (qualitative, mixtures, resolution),
advantages of Fourier Transform (FTIR). Samples and results expected. Applications: Issues
of quality assurance and quality control, Special problems for portable instrumentation and
rapid detection.
UV-Visible/ Near IR – emission, absorption, fluorescence and photoaccoustic. Excitation

sources (lasers, time resolution), wavelength dispersion (gratings, prisms, interference filters,
laser, placement of sample relative to dispersion, resolution), Detection of signal (photocells,
photomultipliers, diode arrays, sensitivity and S/N), Single and Double Beam instruments,
Interpretation (quantification, mixtures, absorption vs. fluorescence and the use of time,
photoaccoustic, fluorescent tags).
Separation techniques:
Chromatography: Gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, supercritical fluids, Importance

of column technology (packing, capillaries), Separation based on increasing number of factors
(volatility, solubility, interactions with stationary phase, size, electrical field), Detection: simple
vs. specific (gas and liquid), Detection as a means of further analysis (use of tags and coupling
to IR and MS), Electrophoresis (plates and capillary) and use with DNA analysis.
Elemental analysis:
Mass spectrometry (electrical discharges).
Atomic spectroscopy: Atomic absorption, Atomic emission, and Atomic fluorescence.
Excitation and getting sample into gas phase (flames, electrical discharges, plasmas),
Wavelength separation and resolution (dependence on technique), Detection of radiation
(simultaneous/scanning, signal noise), Interpretation (errors due to molecular and ionic species,
matrix effects, other interferences).
NMR spectroscopy:
Principle, Instrumentation, Factors affecting chemical shift, Spin-coupling, Applications.
Electroanalytical Methods:
Potentiometry & Voltammetry
Radiochemical Methods:
Elementary idea
X-ray analysis and electron spectroscopy (surface analysis):

Elementary idea
Suggested Readings:
1. D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler & S. Crouch (ISBN 0-495-01201-7) Principles of
Instrumental Analysis, Cengage Learning India Edition, 2007.
2. Willard, Merritt, Dean, Settle, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th ed, IBH
Book House, New Delhi.
3. Atkins, P.W & Paula, J.D. Physical Chemistry, 10th Ed., Oxford University Press
(2014).
4. Kakkar, R. Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge University Press, 2015.
5. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed., Narosa (2004).
6. Banwell, C. N. & McCash, E. M. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy 4th Ed.
7. Smith, B.C. Infrared Spectral Interpretations: A Systematic Approach. CRC Press,
1998.
8. Moore, W.J., Physical Chemistry Orient Blackswan, 1999.
DSE2P: Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis (Lab)
Credits 02
Practical :
1. Safety Practices in the Chemistry Laboratory

2. Determination of the isoelectric pH of a protein.
3. Titration curve of an amino acid.
4. Determination of the void volume of a gel filtration column.
5. Determination of a Mixture of Cobalt and Nickel (UV/Vis spec.)
6. Study of Electronic Transitions in Organic Molecules (i.e., acetone in water)
7. IR Absorption Spectra (Study of Aldehydes and Ketones)
8. Determination of Calcium, Iron, and Copper in Food by Atomic Absorption
9. Quantitative Analysis of Mixtures by Gas Chromatography (i.e., chloroform and
carbon tetrachloride)
10. Separation of Carbohydrates by HPLC
11. Determination of Caffeine in Beverages by HPLC
12. Potentiometric Titration of a Chloride-Iodide Mixture
13. Cyclic Voltammetry of the Ferrocyanide/ Ferricyanide Couple
14. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
15. Use of fluorescence to do “presumptive tests” to identify blood or other body fluids.
16. Use of “presumptive tests” for anthrax or cocaine
17. Collection, preservation, and control of blood evidence being used for DNA testing
18. Use of capillary electrophoresis with laser fluorescence detection for nuclear DNA (Y
chromosome only or multiple chromosome)
19. Use of sequencing for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA

20. Laboratory analysis to confirm anthrax or cocaine
21. Detection in the field and confirmation in the laboratory of flammable accelerants or
explosives
22. Detection of illegal drugs or steroids in athletes

23. Detection of pollutants or illegal dumping
24. Fibre analysis
At least 10 experiments to be performed.
Suggested Readings:
1. Skoog, D.A. Holler F.J. & Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Cengage
Learning India Ed.
2. Willard, H.H., Merritt, L.L., Dean, J. & Settoe, F.A. Instrumental Methods of Analysis,
7th Ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company Ltd., Belmont, California, USA, 1988
Curriculum for B.Sc. (Honours) in Chemistry [Choice Based Credit System]
Semester-VI

Nature per week
L T P
CC- 13 C13T: Inorganic Core Course-13 4 0 0 6 75
Chemistry-V
- Lab 0 0 4
CC- 14 C13T: Physical Core Course-14 4 0 0 6 75
Chemistry-V
- Lab 0 0 4
DSE-3 DSE3T: Green Chemistry Discipline 4 0 0 6 75
Or Inorganic Materials Specific Electives
of Industrial Importance -3
- Lab 0 0 4
DSE-4 DSE4T: Polymer Discipline 4 0 0 6 75
Specific Electives
Chemistry -4
- Lab 0 0 4
L= Lecture, T= Tutorial, P = Practical, CC - Core Course, TBD - To be decided, DSE:

Discipline Specific Elective.
Semester-VI
List of Core Course (CC)
CC-13: Inorganic Chemistry-V
CC-14: Physical Chemistry-V
DSE-3: Green Chemistry

Or
DSE- 3: Inorganic Materials of Industrial Importance
DSE-4: Polymer Chemistry
SEMESTER –VI
Core Courses (CC)
CC-13: Inorganic Chemistry-V Credits 06
C13T: Inorganic Chemistry-V Credits 04
Course Contents:
Bioinorganic Chemistry
Elements of life: essential and beneficial elements, major, trace and ultratrace elements. Basic
chemical reactions in the biological systems and the role of metal ions (specially Na+, K+,
Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+/2+, Cu2+/+, and Zn2+). Metal ion transport across biological membrane Na+/
K+-ion pump. Dioxygen molecule in life. Dioxygen management proteins: Haemoglobin,
Myoglobin, Hemocyanine and Hemerythrin. Electron transfer proteins: Cytochromes and
Ferredoxins. Hydrlytic enzymes: carbonate bicarbonate buffering system and carbonic
anhydrase and carboxyanhydrase A. Biological nitrogen fixation, Photosynthesis:
Photosystem-I and Photosystem-II. Toxic metal ions and their effects, chelation therapy
(examples only), Pt and Au complexes as drugs (examples only), metal dependent diseases
(examples only)
Organometallic Chemistry
Definition and classification of organometallic compounds on the basis of bond type. Concept
of hapticity of organic ligands. 18-electron and 16-electron rules (pictorial MO approach).
Applications of 18-electron rule to metal carbonyls, nitrosyls, cyanides. General methods of
preparation of mono and binuclear carbonyls of 3d series. Structures of mononuclear and
binuclear carbonyls. pi-acceptor behaviour of CO, synergic effect and use of IR data to explain
extent of back bonding. Zeise’s salt: Preparation, structure, evidences of synergic effect.
Ferrocene: Preparation and reactions (acetylation, alkylation, metallation, Mannich
Condensation). Reactions of organometallic complexes: substitution, oxidative addition,
reductive elimination and insertion reactions.
Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds
Study of the following industrial processes
1. Alkene hydrogenation (Wilkinson’s Catalyst)
2. Hydroformylation
3. Wacker Process
4. Synthetic gasoline (Fischer Tropsch reaction)
5. Ziegler-Natta catalysis for olefin polymerization.
Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism
Introduction to inorganic reaction mechanisms. Substitution reactions in square planar

complexes, Trans- effect and its application in complex synthesis, theories of trans effect,
Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in square planar complexes, Thermodynamic and
Kinetic stability, Kinetics of octahedral substitution, Ligand field effects and reaction rates,
Mechanism of substitution in octahedral complexes.
Suggested Readings:
1. Lippard, S.J. & Berg, J.M. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry Panima Publishing
Company 1994.
3. Greenwood, N.N. & Earnshaw A. Chemistry of the Elements, Butterworth-
Heinemann, 1997.
4. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Murrillo, C. A., Bochmann, M., Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry 6th Ed. 1999., Wiley.
5. Bertini, I., Gray, H. B., Lippard, S.J., Valentine, J. S., Viva, 2007.
6. Basolo, F, and Pearson, R.C. Mechanisms of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley &
Sons, NY, 1967.
Philadelphia, 1980.
8. Powell, P. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry, Chapman and Hall, 1988.
9. Collman, J. P. et al. Principles and Applications of Organotransition Metal
Chemistry. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books, 1987.
10. Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals. New
York, NY: John Wiley, 2000.
C13P: LAB Credits 02

Practical:
Qualitative semimicro analysis of mixtures containing four radicals. Emphasis should be

given to the understanding of the chemistry of different reactions and to assign the most
probable composition.
Cation Radicals: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Mn2+/Mn4+, Fe3+, Co2+/Co3+, Ni2+, Cu2+,
Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Bi3+, Sn2+/Sn4+, As3+/As5+, Sb3+/5+, NH4 +, Mg2+.
Anion Radicals: F-, Cl-, Br-, BrO 3 -, I-, IO 3 -, SCN-, S2-, SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, NO 2 -, PO 4 3-, AsO 4 3--,
BO 3 3-, CrO 4 2- / Cr 2 O 7 2-, Fe(CN) 6 4-, Fe(CN) 6 3-.
Insoluble Materials: Al 2 O 3 (ig), Fe 2 O 3 (ig), Cr 2 O 3 (ig), SnO 2 , SrSO 4 , BaSO 4 , CaF2 , PbSO 4 .
Suggested Readings:
1. Svehla, G., Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.
CC-14: Physical Chemistry-V Credits 06

C14T: Physical Chemistry-V Credits 04
Course Contents:
a) Molecular Spectroscopy
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra; Born-
Oppenheimer approximation
Rotation spectroscopy: Selection rules, intensities of spectral lines, determination of bond

lengths of diatomic and linear triatomic molecules, isotopic substitution
Vibrational spectroscopy: Classical equation of vibration, computation of force constant,

amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations, anharmonicity, Morse potential, dissociation
energies, fundamental frequencies, overtones, hot bands, degrees of freedom for polyatomic
molecules, modes of vibration, concept of group frequencies; Diatomic vibrating rotator, P, Q,
R branches
Raman spectroscopy: Qualitative treatment of Rotational Raman effect; Effect of nuclear spin,
Vibrational Raman spectra, Stokes and anti-Stokes lines; their intensity difference, rule of
mutual exclusion
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: Principles of NMR spectroscopy, Larmor

precession, chemical shift and low resolution spectra, different scales, spin-spin coupling and
high resolution spectra, interpretation of PMR spectra of organic molecules
Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy: Its principle, hyperfine structure, ESR of simple
radicals
b) Photochemistry
Lambert-Beer’s law: Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer’s law and its

limitations, physical significance of absorption coefficients; Laws of photochemistry, Stark-
Einstein law of photochemical equivalence quantum yield, actinometry, examples of low and
high quantum yields
Photochemical Processes: Potential energy curves (diatomic molecules), Frank-Condon

principle and vibrational structure of electronic spectra; Bond dissociation and principle of
determination of dissociation energy (ground state); Decay of excited states by radiative and
non-radiative paths; Pre-dissociation; Fluorescence and phosphorescence, Jablonskii diagram;
Rate of Photochemical processes: Photochemical equilibrium and the differential rate of

photochemical reactions, Photostationary state; HI decomposition, H2 -Br 2 reaction,
dimerisation of anthracene; photosensitised reactions, quenching; Role of photochemical
reactions in biochemical processes, photostationary states, chemiluminescence
c) Surface phenomenon
Surface tension and energy: Surface tension, surface energy, excess pressure, capillary rise and
surface tension; Work of cohesion and adhesion, spreading of liquid over other surface; Vapour
pressure over curved surface; Temperature dependence of surface tension
Adsorption: Physical and chemical adsorption; Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms;
multilayer adsorption and BET isotherm (no derivation required); Gibbs adsorption isotherm
and surface excess; Heterogenous catalysis (single reactant); Zero order and fractional order
reactions;
Colloids: Lyophobic and lyophilic sols, Origin of charge and stability of lyophobic colloids,
Coagulation and Schultz-Hardy rule, Zeta potential and Stern double layer (qualitative idea),
Tyndall effect; Electrokinetic phenomena (qualitative idea only); Determination of Avogadro
number by Perrin’s method; Stability of colloids and zeta potential; Micelle formation
Suggested Readings:

3. Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkin’s, Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press
Press
6. Laidler, K. J. Chemical Kinetics, Pearson
7. Banwell, C. N. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, Tata-McGraw-Hill
8. Barrow, G. M. Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill
9. Hollas, J.M. Modern Spectroscopy, Wiley India
10. McHale, J. L. Molecular Spectroscopy, Pearson Education
6
11. Wayne, C. E. & Wayne, R. P. Photochemistry, OUP
12. Brown, J. M. Molecular Spectroscopy, OUP

Practical
Experiment 1: Determination of surface tension of a liquid using Stalagmometer
Experiment 2: Determination of CMC from surface tension measurements
Experiment 3: Verification of Beer and Lambert’s Law for KMnO 4 and K2 Cr 2 O 7 solution
Experiment 4: Study of kinetics of K2 S 2 O 8 + KI reaction, spectrophotometrically
Experiment 5: Determination of pH of unknown buffer, spectrophotometrically
Experiment 6: Spectrophotometric determination of CMC
Suggested Readings:

DSE-3: Green Chemistry Credits 06
DSE3T: Green Chemistry Credits 04
Course Contents:
Introduction to Green Chemistry:
What is Green Chemistry? Need for Green Chemistry. Goals of Green Chemistry.
Limitations/ Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry
Principles of Green Chemistry and Designing a Chemical synthesis:
Twelve principles of Green Chemistry with their explanations and examples and special
7
emphasis on the following:
• Designing a Green Synthesis using these principles; Prevention of Waste/ byproducts;

maximum incorporation of the materials used in the process into the final products ,
Atom Economy, calculation of atom economy of the rearrangement, addition,
substitution and elimination reactions.
• Prevention/ minimization of hazardous/ toxic products reducing toxicity. risk =
(function) hazard × exposure; waste or pollution prevention hierarchy.
• Green solvents– supercritical fluids, water as a solvent for organic reactions, ionic
liquids, fluorous biphasic solvent, PEG, solventless processes, immobilized solvents
and how to compare greenness of solvents.
• Energy requirements for reactions – alternative sources of energy: use of microwaves

and ultrasonic energy.
• Selection of starting materials; avoidance of unnecessary derivatization – careful use of
blocking/protecting groups.
• Use of catalytic reagents (wherever possible) in preference to stoichiometric reagents;

catalysis and green chemistry, comparison of heterogeneous and homogeneous
catalysis, biocatalysis, asymmetric catalysis and photocatalysis.
• Prevention of chemical accidents designing greener processes, inherent safer design,

principle of ISD “What you don’t have cannot harm you”, greener alternative to Bhopal
Gas Tragedy (safer route to carcarbaryl) and Flixiborough accident (safer route to
cyclohexanol) subdivision of ISD, minimization, simplification, substitution,
moderation and limitation.
• Strengthening/ development of analytical techniques to prevent and minimize the

generation of hazardous substances in chemical processes.
Examples of Green Synthesis/ Reactions and some real world cases:
1. Green Synthesis of the following compounds: adipic acid, catechol, disodium

iminodiacetate (alternative to Strecker synthesis)
2. Microwave assisted reactions in water: Hofmann Elimination, methyl benzoate to
benzoic acid, oxidation of toluene and alcohols; microwave assisted reactions in
organic solvents Diels-Alder reaction and Decarboxylation reaction
3. Ultrasound assisted reactions: sonochemical Simmons-Smith Reaction (Ultrasonic

alternative to Iodine)
4 Surfactants for carbon dioxide – replacing smog producing and ozone depleting solvents
with CO 2 for precision cleaning and dry cleaning of garments.
5 Designing of Environmentally safe marine antifoulant.
6 Rightfit pigment: synthetic azopigments to replace toxic organic and inorganic
pigments.
8
7 An efficient, green synthesis of a compostable and widely applicable plastic (poly lactic
acid) made from corn.
8 Healthier Fats and oil by Green Chemistry: Enzymatic Inter esterification for production
of no Trans-Fats and Oils
9 Development of Fully Recyclable Carpet: Cradle to Cradle Carpeting
Future Trends in Green Chemistry:
Oxidation reagents and catalysts; Biomimetic, multifunctional reagents; Combinatorial green

chemistry; Proliferation of solventless reactions; co crystal controlled solid state synthesis
(C2S3); Green chemistry in sustainable development.
Suggested Readings:
1. Anastas, P.T. & Warner, J.K.: Green Chemistry - Theory and Practical, Oxford
University Press (1998).
2. Matlack, A.S. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Marcel Dekker (2001).
3. Cann, M.C. & Connely, M.E. Real-World cases in Green Chemistry, American
Chemical Society, Washington (2000).
4. Ryan, M.A. & Tinnesand, M. Introduction to Green Chemistry, American Chemical
Society, Washington (2002).
5. Lancaster, M. Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text RSC Publishing, 2nd Edition,
2010.
DSE3P: LAB Credits 02

Practical:
1. Safer starting materials

• Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles of gold using tea leaves.
2. Using renewable resources
• Preparation of biodiesel from vegetable/ waste cooking oil.
3. Avoiding waste
Principle of atom economy
• Use of molecular model kit to stimulate the reaction to investigate how the atom
economy can illustrate Green Chemistry.
• Preparation of propene by two methods can be studied
Triethylamine ion + OH- → propene + trimethyl propene + water
H2 SO 4 /Δ
1-propanol propene + water
• Other types of reactions, like addition, elimination, substitution and rearrangement
should also be studied for the calculation of atom economy.
3. Use of enzymes as catalysts
• Benzoin condensation using Thiamine Hydrochloride as a catalyst instead of cyanide.
4. Alternative Green solvents
• Extraction of D-limonene from orange peel using liquid CO2 prepared form dry ice.
Mechanochemical solvent free synthesis of azomethines
6. Alternative sources of energy

• Solvent free, microwave assisted one pot synthesis of phthalocyanine complex of
copper (II).
• Photoreduction of benzophenone to benzopinacol in the presence of sunlight.
Suggested Readings:
1. Anastas, P.T & Warner, J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford
University Press (1998).
2. Kirchoff, M. & Ryan, M.A. Greener approaches to undergraduate chemistry
experiment. American Chemical Society, Washington DC (2002).
3. Ryan, M.A. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Tinnesand; (Ed), American Chemical
Society, Washington DC (2002).
4. Sharma, R.K.; Sidhwani, I.T. & Chaudhari, M.K. I.K. Green Chemistry Experiment: A
monograph International Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. Bangalore CISBN
978-93-81141-55-7 (2013).
5. Cann, M.C. & Connelly, M. E. Real world cases in Green Chemistry, American
Chemical Society (2008).
6. Cann, M. C. & Thomas, P. Real world cases in Green Chemistry, American Chemical
Society (2008).
7. Lancaster, M. Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text RSC Publishing, 2nd Edition,
2010.
8. Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S. & Engel, R.G. Introduction to Organic
Laboratory Techniques: A Microscale and Macro Scale Approach, W.B.Saunders,
1995.
Or
DSE- 3: Inorganic Materials of Industrial Importance Credits 06
DSE3T: Inorganic Materials of Industrial Importance Credits 04
Course Contents:
1. Silicate Industries:
Glass: Glassy state and its properties, classification (silicate and non-silicate glasses).
Manufacture and processing of glass. Composition and properties of the following types of
10
glasses: Soda lime glass, lead glass, armoured glass, safety glass, borosilicate glass,
fluorosilicate, coloured glass, photosensitive glass.
Ceramics: Important clays and feldspar, ceramic, their types and manufacture. High
technology ceramics and their applications, superconducting and semiconducting oxides,
fullerenes carbon nanotubes and carbon fibre.
Cements: Classification of cement, ingredients and their role, Manufacture of cement and the
setting process, quick setting cements.
2. Fertilizers:
Different types of fertilizers. Manufacture of the following fertilizers: Urea, ammonium nitrate,
calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphates; polyphosphate, superphosphate,
compound and mixed fertilizers, potassium chloride, potassium sulphate.
3. Surface Coatings:
Objectives of coatings surfaces, preliminary treatment of surface, classification of surface

coatings. Paints and pigments-formulation, composition and related properties. Oil paint,
Vehicle, modified oils, Pigments, toners and lakes pigments, Fillers, Thinners, Enamels,
emulsifying agents. Special paints (Heat retardant, Fire retardant, Eco-friendly paint, Plastic
paint), Dyes, Wax polishing, Water and Oil paints, additives, Metallic coatings (electrolytic
and electroless), metal spraying and anodizing.
4. Batteries:
Primary and secondary batteries, battery components and their role, Characteristics of Battery.
Working of following batteries: Pb acid, Li-Battery, Solid state electrolyte battery. Fuel cells,
Solar cell and polymer cell.
5. Alloys:
Classification of alloys, ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, Specific properties of elements in

alloys. Manufacture of Steel (removal of silicon decarbonization, demanganization,
desulphurization dephosphorisation) and surface treatment (Ar and heat treatment, nitriding,
carburizing). Composition and properties of different types of steels.
6. Chemistry of Nano Materials including Graphene. Syntheses, characterization and

applications. Plasmonic materials, Semiconductor, Band gap, Types of Semiconductors,
Colour Centres.
11
7. Catalysis:
General principles and properties of catalysts, homogenous catalysis (catalytic steps and
examples) and heterogenous catalysis (catalytic steps and examples) and their industrial
applications, Deactivation or regeneration of catalysts.
Phase transfer catalysts, application of zeolites as catalysts.
8. Chemical explosives:
Origin of explosive properties in organic compounds, preparation and explosive properties of

lead azide, PETN, cyclonite (RDX). Introduction to rocket propellants.
Suggested Readings:
1. E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.

2. R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley
Publishers, New Delhi.
3. W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen, D. R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics, Wiley
4. J. A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
5. P. C. Jain, M. Jain: Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
6. R. Gopalan, D. Venkappayya, S. Nagarajan: Engineering Chemistry, Vikas
Publications, New Delhi.
7. Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut (1996).
Practical:
1. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

2. Estimation of Calcium in Calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.
3. Estimation of phosphoric acid in superphosphate fertilizer.
4. Electroless metallic coatings on ceramic and plastic material.
5. Determination of composition of dolomite (by complexometric titration).
6. Analysis of (Cu, Ni); (Cu, Zn ) in alloy or synthetic samples.
7. Analysis of Cement.
8. Preparation of pigment (zinc oxide).
Suggested Readings:
12
1. E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
2. R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley

3. W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen, D. R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics, Wiley
4. J. A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
5. P. C. Jain, M. Jain: Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
6. R. Gopalan, D. Venkappayya, S. Nagarajan: Engineering Chemistry, Vikas
7. Publications, New Delhi.
8. Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut (1996).
DSE-4: Polymer Chemistry Credits 06

DSE4T: Polymer Chemistry Credits 04
Course Contents:
Introduction and history of polymeric materials:
Different schemes of classification of polymers, Polymer nomenclature, Molecular forces and

chemical bonding in polymers, Texture of Polymers.
Functionality and its importance:
Criteria for synthetic polymer formation, classification of polymerization processes,

Relationships between functionality, extent of reaction and degree of polymerization. Bi-
functional systems, Poly-functional systems.
Kinetics of Polymerization:
Mechanism and kinetics of step growth, radical chain growth, ionic chain (both cationic and
anionic) and coordination polymerizations, Mechanism and kinetics of copolymerization,
polymerization techniques.
Crystallization and crystallinity:
Determination of crystalline melting point and degree of crystallinity, Morphology of crystalline

polymers, Factors affecting crystalline melting point.
Nature and structure of polymers:
13
Structure Property relationships.
Determination of molecular weight of polymers:
(Mn, Mw, etc) by end group analysis, viscometry, light scattering and osmotic pressure methods.
Molecular weight distribution and its significance. Polydispersity index.
Glass transition temperature (Tg) and determination of Tg:
Free volume theory, WLF equation, Factors affecting glass transition temperature (Tg).
Polymer Solution:
Criteria for polymer solubility, Solubility parameter, Thermodynamics of polymer solutions,

entropy, enthalpy, and free energy change of mixing of polymers solutions, Flory- Huggins
theory, Lower and Upper critical solution temperatures.
Properties of Polymer:
(Physical, thermal, Flow & Mechanical Properties).
Brief introduction to preparation, structure, properties and application of the following polymers:
polyolefins, polystyrene and styrene copolymers, poly(vinyl chloride) and related polymers,
poly(vinyl acetate) and related polymers, acrylic polymers, fluoro polymers,
polyamides and related polymers. Phenol formaldehyde resins (Bakelite, Novalac),

polyurethanes, silicone polymers, polydienes,
Polycarbonates, Conducting Polymers, [polyacetylene, polyaniline, poly(p-phenylene sulphide

polypyrrole, polythiophene)].
Suggested Readings:
1. R.B. Seymour & C.E. Carraher: Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, Marcel Dekker,
Inc. New York, 1981.
2. G. Odian: Principles of Polymerization, 4th Ed. Wiley, 2004.
3. F.W. Billmeyer: Textbook of Polymer Science, 2nd Ed. Wiley Interscience, 1971.
4. P. Ghosh: Polymer Science & Technology, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 1991.
5. R.W. Lenz: Organic Chemistry of Synthetic High Polymers. Interscience Publishers, New
York, 1967.

Practical:
Polymer synthesis
14
1. Free radical solution polymerization of styrene (St) / Methyl Methacrylate
(MMA) / Methyl Acrylate (MA) / Acrylic acid (AA).
a) Purification of monomer
b) Polymerization using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) / 2,2’-azo-bis-
isobutylonitrile (AIBN)
2. Preparation of nylon 66/6
3. Interfacial polymerization, preparation of polyester from isophthaloyl
chloride (IPC) and phenolphthalein
4. Redox polymerization of acrylamide
5. Precipitation polymerization of acrylonitrile
6. Preparation of urea-formaldehyde resin
7. Preparations of novalac resin/ resold resin.
8. Microscale Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(methylacrylate).
Polymer characterization
1. Determination of molecular weight by viscometry:
(a) Polyacrylamide-aq.NaNO 2 solution
(b) (Poly vinyl proplylidine (PVP) in water
2. Determination of the viscosity-average molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)
and the fraction of “head-to-head” monomer linkages in the polymer.
3. Determination of molecular weight by end group analysis: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
(OH group).
4. Testing of mechanical properties of polymers.
5. Determination of hydroxyl number of a polymer using colorimetric method.
Polymer analysis
1. Estimation of the amount of HCHO in the given solution by sodium sulphite method
2. Instrumental Techniques
3. IR studies of polymers
4. DSC analysis of polymers
5. Preparation of polyacrylamide and its electrophoresis
*at least 7 experiments to be carried out.
Suggested Readings:
1. M.P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd Ed., Oxford University Press,
1999.
2. H.R. Allcock, F.W. Lampe & J.E. Mark, Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, 3rd ed.
Prentice-Hall (2003)
15
3. F.W. Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd ed. Wiley-Interscience (1984)
4. J.R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall (2003)
5. P. Munk & T.M. Aminabhavi, Introduction to Macromolecular Science, 2nd ed. John
Wiley & Sons (2002)
6. L. H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons
(2005)
7. M.P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction 3rd ed. Oxford University Press
(2005).
8. Seymour/ Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry, 9th ed. by Charles E. Carraher, Jr. (2013).
******
16

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Vidyasagar University

Curriculum for B.Sc. Honours in Chemistry [Choice Based Credit System]

L=Lecture, T=Tutorial, P=Practical

AECC- Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course: English /Modern Indian Language .

Interdisciplinary/Generic Elective (GE) from other Department

[Four papers are to be taken and each paper will be of 6 credits]:

Physics /Computer Sc/Statistics/Geology/Electronics/ zoology/Botany/Microbiology /Physiology

CC-1 :ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I Credits 06

(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02)

C1T1 : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I Credits 04

Basics of Organic Chemistry

Bonding and Physical Properties (25 Lectures)

Valence Bond Theory: concept of hybridisation, shapes of molecules, resonance (including

General Treatment of Reaction Mechanism I (10 Lectures)

Mechanistic classification: ionic, radical and pericyclic (definition and example);

Stereochemistry I (25 Lectures)

Bonding geometries of carbon compounds and representation of molecules: tetrahedral nature of

Concept of chirality and symmetry: symmetry elements and point groups (C αv , C nh , C nv , C n , D αh , D nh ,

3. Sykes, P. A guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education, 2003.

4. Smith, J. G. Organic Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.

7. Nasipuri, D. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley Eastern Limited.

CC1P1 - CHEMISTRY LAB- I Credits 02

3. Identification of a Pure Organic Compound

1. Bhattacharyya, R. C, A Manual of Practical Chemistry.

5. Dutta, S, B. Sc. Honours Practical Chemistry, Bharati Book Stall.

CC-2: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I Credits 06

(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02)

Kinetic Theory and Gaseous state (20 Lectures)

Maxwell’s distribution of speed and energy: Nature of distribution of velocities, Maxwell's

Chemical Thermodynamics (25 Lectures)

c) Chemical kinetics (15 Lectures)

Homogeneous catalysis: Homogeneous catalysis with reference to acid-base catalysis; Primary

Autocatalysis; periodic reactions

1. Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press

C 2P2 : CHEMISTRY LAB-II Credits 04

Experiment 1: Determination of pH of unknown solution (buffer), by color matching method

Experiment 3: Study of kinetics of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl acetate

Experiment 4: Study of kinetics of decomposition of H 2 O 2

Experiment 5: Determination of heat of solution of oxalic acid from solubility measurement

GE-1 [Interdisciplinary for other department]

Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-I (30 Lectures)

Atomic Structure (10 Lectures)

Chemical Periodicity (05 Lectures)

Section B: Organic Chemistry-I (30 Lectures)

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry (5 Lectures)

Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions (5 Lectures)

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (12 Lectures)

Alkanes: (up to 5 Carbons). Preparation: catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s

Alkenes: (up to 5 Carbons). Preparation: elimination reactions: dehydration of alcohols and

1. Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry ELBS, 1991.

Section A: Inorganic Chemistry –LAB (30 Lectures)

1. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.

Section B: Organic Chemistry- LAB (30 Lectures)

Qualitative Analysis of Single Solid Organic Compound(s)

Experiment C: Detection of functional groups: Aromatic-NO2, Aromatic -NH2, - COOH,

1. University Hand Book of Undergraduate Chemistry Experiments, edited by Mukherjee, G. N.,

L=Lecture, T=Tutorial, P=Practical

AECC- Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course: Environmental Studies.

CC-3: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I Credits 06