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Computer Maintenance Terms

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22 views2 pages

Computer Maintenance Terms

Uploaded by

frenchmangigo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Maintenance Terms

1. AGP Port - Ports developed specifically for video cards.


2. BIOS -Basic Input/Output System
3. Bus -A communication system that transfers data between components inside a
computer.
4. Capacitor-A cap on a computer motherboard that helps steady the flow of
electricity throughout the board.
5. CD-ROM-A pre-pressed optical compact disc which contains data.
6. Chipset- A group of chips on the motherboard that controls the timing and flow of
data and instructions to and from the CPU.
7. CMOS -Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) is a chip which
stores data for BIOS about hardware changes.
8. CMOS Battery -A lithium coin-cell battery enables CMOS RAM to hold
configuration data, even while the main power to the computer is off.
9. CPU- The part of a computer that does most of the data processing.
10. CRT display monitor-A computer part that connects to the computer to display
pictures.
11. DVD-ROM -A DVD disc that contains data that has been permanently stamped
on the disk surface.
12. Expansion Bus -Allows the processor to communicate with peripherals
13. Flat Screen Monitor-A Flat Screen Monitor is similar in almost every respect to
traditional Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors. The only distinguishing feature is
that the face of the picture tube is almost perfectly flat, not curved like older
CRT's.
14. Floppy Disk Drive-A drive used for reading from and writing to removable floppy
disks. Also called FDD.
15. Hard Drive Disk -Primary storage device located inside computer, where most
files and programs are typically stored.
16. Impact Printer-A device that prints one or more characters at a time by physically
impacting or hitting the ribbon to the paper
17. Inkjet Printer -Sprays ink through small holes to form words and images on
paper.
18. IRQ-A message sent to the computer that instructs it to stop what it is doing and
pay attention to something else. IRQ is often used to refer to the interrupt request
number.
19. Keyboard-A computer input device that uses a set of keys to put data into the
computer.
20. Laser Printer-Electrostatic printer that focuses a laser beam to form images that
are transferred to paper electrostatically
21. Modem-A device that allows one computer to talk to another.
22. Motherboard-A circuit board that contains all of the computer system's main
components.
23. NIC-Network Interface Controller.
24. Parallel Port-A socket at the back of a computer for connecting external
equipment or peripherals, especially printers.
25. PCI Port -Peripheral Component Interconnect.
26. POST-Power on self test.
27. Power Supply -A power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to one
or more electric loads.
28. Printer-A machine that prints characters or other images on paper.
29. Processor Port-Serves as an interface between the computer and other
computers or peripheral devices.
30. PS/2 Port-Connects a keyboard or a mouse to a computer
31. RAM-Random Access Memory.
32. ROM-Read-Only memory.
33. Serial Port-A 9 or 25 pin port on a computer used by slower devices such as a
mouse or modem, data travels serially one bit at a time, through the port.
34. Sound Port-Connects speakers, headphones, and a microphone.
35. System Bus-Bus that is part of the motherboard and connects the processor to
main memory.
36. USB Port-A standard cable connection interface on personal computers and
consumer electronics.
37. VGA Port-A type of port that provides a connection to a monitor.

38. Computer Case -The computer case contains the framework to support the
internal components of a computer while providing an enclosure for added
protection. Computer cases are typically made of plastic, steel, or aluminum and
are available in a variety of styles.
39. Power Supply -The power supply must provide enough power for the
components that are currently installed and allow for other components that may
be added at a later time. If you choose a power supply that powers only the
current components, you might need to replace the power supply when other
components are upgraded.
40. Electricity -These are the four basic units of electricity:
Voltage (V)
Current (I)
Power (P)
Resistance (R)
41. Motherboard -The motherboard is the main printed circuit board and contains the
buses, or electrical pathways, found in a computer. These buses allow data to
travel between the various components that comprise a computer. Figure 1
shows a variety of motherboards. A motherboard is also known as the system
board or the main board.
42. CPU-The central processing unit (CPU) is considered the brain of the computer.
It is sometimes referred to as the processor. Most calculations take place in the
CPU. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a
computer system. CPUs come in different form factors, each style requiring a
particular slot or socket on the motherboard. Common CPU manufacturers
include Intel and AMD.
43. Cooling-Increasing the air flow in the computer case allows more heat to be
removed. A case fan installed in the computer case, as shown in Figure 1, makes
the cooling process more efficient. In addition to a case fan, a heat sink draws
heat away from the CPU core. A fan on top of the heat sink, as shown in Figure
2, moves the heat away from the CPU.
44. Memory Module-Early computers had RAM installed on the motherboard as
individual chips. The individual memory chips, called dual inline package (DIP)
chips, were difficult to install and often became loose. To solve this problem,
designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board to create a
memory module.
45. Internal Cables-Drives require both a power cable and a data cable. A power
supply might have SATA power connectors for SATA drives, Molex power
connectors for PATA drives, and Berg connectors for floppy drives. The buttons
and the LED lights on the front of the case connect to the motherboard with the
front panel cables.

Data cables connect drives to the drive controller, which is located on an adapter
card or on the motherboard.
46. AT Advanced Technology
47. ATX - Advanced Technology Extended
48. PROM-Programmable read-only memory. Information is written to a PROM chip
after it is manufactured. A PROM chip cannot be erased or re-written.
49. EPROM-Erasable programmable read-only memory. Information is written to an
EPROM chip after it is manufactured. An EPROM chip can be erased with
exposure to UV light. Special equipment is required.
50. EEPROM-Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory. Information is
written to an EEPROM chip after it is manufactured. EEPROM chips are also
called Flash ROMs. An EEPROM chip can be erased and re-written without
having to remove the chip from the computer.

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