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 1. Nonprobability sampling:
a. always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.
b. denies the researcher the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.
c. should never be used under any circumstances.
d. includes stratified sampling.
e. requires the use of sampling frames.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Entire chapter
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

2. In general, as sample size increases:

a. the standard error increases in size.
b. the standard error decreases in size.
c. the standard error will remain the same regardless of changes in sample size.
d. the standard error is a constant.
e. the standard error fluctuates in size.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability Sampling
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

3. You are doing research on hospital personnel—orderlies, technicians, nurses, and doctors. You want to be sure
you draw a sample that has cases in each of the personnel categories. You want to use probability sampling. An
appropriate strategy would be:
a. simple random sampling.
b. quota sampling.
c. cluster sampling.
d. stratified sampling.
e. accidental sampling.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1

 4. Stratifying a population prior to drawing a sample:
a. generally occurs when the variables used to stratify are known to be associated with the dependent
variable.
b. eliminates the need for simple random sampling.
c. is most useful for studying a homogeneous population.
d. eliminates the need for probability sampling.
e. is an alternative systematic sampling.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

5. The chief aim of probability sampling is to be able to select:

a. a sample whose parameters are representative of an unknown population parameter.
b. a sample whose statistics will accurately portray an unknown population parameter.
c. a sample whose parameters will accurately portray an unknown population statistic.
d. a sample whose statistics will accurately portray a known population parameter.
e. a sample whose unknown statistics will accurately portray a known parameter.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Modified

6. Drawing a judgmental sample:

a. allows researchers to use their prior knowledge about the population.
b. enlists the aid of uninformed respondents.
c. results in a sample that has no researcher bias.
d. ensures a representative sample.
e. requires the development of a quota matrix.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 2

 7. The unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis is called a(n):
a. universe.
b. sampling unit.
c. statistic.
d. sampling frame.
e. element.

ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

8. A sampling interval of 5 was used to select a sample from a population of 1000. How many elements are to be in
the sample?
a. 5
b. 50
c. 100
d. 200
e. 1000

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

9. Probability samples are advantageous to the researcher because:

a. the method by which they are selected limits conscious and unconscious sampling bias.
b. the accuracy or representativeness of the sample can be estimated.
c. they are perfectly representative of the population from which they are drawn.
d. all of these choices indicate the advantages of probability sampling.
e. the method by which they are selected limits conscious and unconscious sampling bias and the accuracy or
representativeness of the sample can be estimated.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 3

 10. A summary description of a given variable in a survey sample is called a:
a. variable.
b. parameter.
c. confidence level.
d. confidence interval.
e. statistic.

ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

11. Dr. Smith is instructing his graduate students to put together a sample for an upcoming research study of college
students. The graduate students were asked to stand outside of the student union to solicit participants, finding 50
freshmen, 50 sophomore, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors. What sort of sampling method is being used?
a. Simple random sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Stratified sampling
e. Accidental sampling

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

12. Dr. Chang is conducting a research study of undergraduate students at her college. She wants to ensure an equal
number of students from each grade level, so she uses the list of all students provided by the registrar’s
office. From each list, she randomly selects 50 students from each group. What strategy of sampling is Dr.
Chang using?
a. Simple random sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Stratified sampling
e. Accidental sampling

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4

 13. You want to examine the relationship between family size and family cohesion. You use as your sample all the
students in your research methods class. What kind of sampling design are you using?
a. Simple random sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Stratified sampling
e. Reliance on available subjects

ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

14. To ensure a sufficient number of cases from strata of varying sizes, researchers use:
a. simple random sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. proportionate sampling.
d. disproportionate sampling.
e. quota sampling.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

15. ______ is the general term for samples selected in accord with probability theory.
a. Probability sampling
b. Nonprobability sampling
c. Correlation
d. Theory
e. Snowball sampling

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: New

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 5

 16. Disproportionate sampling and weighting are used by the researcher:
a. to ensure a sufficient number of cases in each of the sample subpopulations.
b. to give a proportionate representation to each sample element.
c. to provide a representative picture of the total population.
d. to handle situations involving the errors and approximation that are often inherent in complex, multistage
designs.
e. to ensure a sufficient number of cases in each of the sample subpopulations; to give a proportionate
representation to each sample element; to provide a representative picture of the total population; and to
handle situations involving the errors and approximation that are often inherent in complex, multistage
designs.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Modified

17. In terms of probability theory, the standard error is valuable because:

a. it is an estimate of the parameter.
b. it permits us to estimate the degree of error to be expected in a sample design.
c. it indicates the extent to which the sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter.
d. it is an estimate of the parameter and it permits us to estimate the degree of error to be expected in a
sample design.
e. it permits us to estimate the degree of error to be expected in a sample design and it indicates the extent to
which the sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

18. Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in:
a. simple random sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. disproportionate sampling.
d. cluster sampling.
e. stratified sampling.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 6

 19. After taking a random start between 1 and 20 and then taking every 20th element from the sampling frame, Smith
learned that 40% of the sample believed the company’s president was doing a good job. The calculated standard
error was 3 percent. This means that:
a. between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good job.
b. you are 95% certain that between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good
job.
c. you are 68% certain that between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good
job.
d. you are 99% certain that between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good
job.
e. none of these choices are correct.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

20. A researcher who uses a list of registered voters as a sampling frame, and selects every 5th person on the
randomized list is engaging in what kind of sampling?
a. Systematic
b. Stratified
c. Simple random
d. Quota
e. Multistage cluster

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

21. If a field researcher wanted to learn a political organization's pattern of recruitment over time, the researcher might
begin by interviewing a fairly recent recruit and ask who introduced that person to the organization. Then the
researcher might interview the person named and ask who introduced that person to the political organization.
This would be an example of:
a. snowball sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. deviant cases sampling.
d. accidental sampling.
e. quota sampling.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 7

 22. A disadvantage of stratified sampling is:
a. that it denies you the use of probability theory.
b. that it requires you to have some prior knowledge about the elements in the population prior to drawing the
sample.
c. that it usually increases the standard error.
d. that it usually requires samples that are larger in size than those required by simple random sampling.
e. not mentioned in any of these choices.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Modified

23. Statistical computations assume that you have done:

a. simple random sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. cluster sampling.
d. stratified sampling.
e. any one of these choices.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

24. A study population is:

a. the theoretical and hypothetical aggregation of all elements as defined for a given survey.
b. the theoretically specified aggregation of survey elements.
c. that aggregation of elements from which the sample is actually selected.
d. that aggregation or set of elements considered for selection in some stage of sampling.
e. that aggregation of elements from which information is collected.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8

 25. Professor Hall was planning to do a field study of hitchhikers. Hall wanted to be sure that persons representing all
different age, racial, and sex categories were included in the sample of hitchhikers. What kind of sampling scheme
would you recommend?
a. Deviant cases
b. Quota sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Snowball sampling
e. Cluster sampling

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

26. Through a review of records, Rebecca was able to determine that the mean age of the population she was
studying was 23.4 years old. This is known as a(n)
a. statistic.
b. inference.
c. parameter.
d. confidence interval.
e. confidence level.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

27. Periodicity is particularly important in:

a. simple random sampling.
b. availability sampling.
c. stratified sampling.
d. quota sampling.
e. systematic sampling.

ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9

 28. Which of the following statements about informants is FALSE?
a. An informant is a member of the group that you want to study.
b. You usually want to select informants who are somewhat typical of the group that you are studying.
c. Informants are often marginal within their group.
d. Informants are useful in field research.
e. The terms informant and respondent are interchangeable.

ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

29. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. If all the members of a population were identical there would be no need for sampling.
b. In cases of perfect homogeneity a single case could represent an entire population.
c. The human beings who compose any real population are similar.
d. Because elements within the population typically differ, we need to do careful sampling.
e. All of these statements are TRUE.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Modified

30. Samantha reports that 60 percent of the first year students at her university think they should be able to bring a car
to campus. She also notes that she is 95 percent certain that between 50 and 70 percent of the first year students
agree. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The range from 50 to 70 percent is a confidence interval.
b. 95 percent refers to her confidence level.
c. 60 percent is a statistic.
d. She could be 99 percent certain that between 55 and 65 percent of the first year students agree.
e. All of these choices are TRUE.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 10

 31. When selecting variables for stratification, it is best to select variables that:
a. stratify based on gender.
b. stratify based on age.
c. stratify based on the variables you want to represent.
d. stratify in order to achieve equally sized group.
e. always stratify into at most three groups.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

32. Tammy wants to do a telephone survey and she turns to you for help. Which of the following statements would
mislead her?
a. Cell phone numbers are typically not included in phone surveys.
b. People who use cell phones exclusively tend to be younger.
c. There is a class bias in using telephone directory samples.
d. Telephone directories are an excellent listing of a city’s population.
e. None of these statements would mislead Tammy.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Populations and Sampling Frames
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

33. If possible, always sampling from the entire general population is preferable.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Introduction
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

34. In a sample stratified by gender, the sampling error on this variable is reduced to zero.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11

 35. Field researchers are often interested in studying deviant cases in order to improve their understanding of the more
typical pattern.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

36. A confidence interval at the 68% confidence level will be larger than one constructed at the 95% confidence level.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

37. Snowball sampling would be an effective strategy for a researcher to use if a researcher was interested in studying
a population of gang members.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: New

38. Multistage sampling designs tend to have smaller sampling errors than single-stage sampling designs.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Multistage Cluster Sampling
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

39. Generally, the more heterogeneous the population, the more beneficial it is to use stratified sampling.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 12

 40. Sampling error is reduced through an increase in the sample size and an increased homogeneity of the elements
being sampled.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

41. Each stage in cluster sampling adds additional sampling error that must be taken into account.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Multistage Cluster Sampling
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

42. Stratification represents a modification to rather than an alternative to simple random sampling and systematic
sampling.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

43. The size of the population must be taken into account when deciding on sample size.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

44. A stratified sample is more likely to be representative on several variables than is a simple random sample.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13

 45. In a situation of perfect homogeneity there is little need to be concerned with careful sampling procedures.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Introduction
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

46. Simple random sampling is the most effective way to further understand uncommon populations.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup

47. We typically sample with replacement.

a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

48. If a population were perfectly homogeneous, a single case could represent the entire population.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Introduction
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup

49. Findings based on a sample can be taken as representing the elements that compose the sampling frame.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14

 50. You notice that neither you nor anyone in your family has ever been included in a political poll conducted for the
media. How do you explain this fact?
ANSWER: Answers will vary. However, answers should include the idea that political polls are typically
based on the voting age population or the registered voter population. As there are millions of
people in the United States in these two populations and the typical sample is about 1,000
people the likelihood of being selected using probability sampling is small.
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
NOTES: Pickup

51. Your friend is trying to decide whether to select a small probability sample or a large availability sample. He asks
for your recommendation. What do you recommend?
ANSWER: Typically, larger samples are better than smaller samples because the standard error tends to be
smaller with larger samples. However, this assumes the use of probability sampling. Using
nonprobability sampling we are denied the use of statistical theory to estimate sampling error.
Consequently, in this case a smaller sample based on probability sampling would be preferable
to a larger sample constructed using nonprobability sampling. It is assumed, however, that we
have access to a reasonable sampling frame that represents the population to which we would
like to generalize our findings.
REFERENCES: Entire chapter
NOTES: Pickup

52. When would it be preferable to use a non probability sample? Why would we need to do so? What concerns or
limitations would we have to deal with? Give examples.

ANSWER: Answer should focus on studying underrepresented or isolated populations in which we would
need to oversample (such as ethnic or social minorities) or populations in which a researcher
would not have access via conventional probability sampling methods, such as gangs or other
secretive organizations.
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
NOTES: Pickup

53. Telephone directories are notorious for being inadequate sampling frames for public opinion polls. What
problems are associated with using the telephone directory as a sampling frame in a public opinion poll?
ANSWER: Answers will typically include: 1) the telephone directory does not include new subscribers, 2)
the telephone directory does not list unlisted numbers, 3) the telephone directory typically
involves a social class bias as poor people are less likely to have phone, wealthy people may
have more than one line (or even unlisted lines).
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
NOTES: Pickup

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 15

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
OLIVET, Olives, 2 Sam. xv. Jebel et Tôr 14 Now called Jebel
Mount of 30; Ezek. et Tôr. (Mem.
(R.V. OLIVES, xi. 23; III.; Sh. XVII.)
Mount of) Zech. xiv. East of
4 Jerusalem.
ON Gen. xli. Heliopolis — A town of lower
45; xlvi. 20 Egypt. The
sacred city of
Heliopolis, about
10 miles north-
east of Cairo;
also called Beth-
shemesh and
Aven, which see.

ONO 1 Chr. viii. Kefr ʾAna 9 Now the village

12; Ezra ii. ‘Kefr ʾAna,’ 5
33; Neh. miles north of
vi. 2; vii. Lydda. In 1 Esdr.
37; xi. 35 v. 22 Onus.
(Mem. II. 251;
Sh. XIII.)
OPHEL 2 Chr. xxvii. — A part of ancient
3; xxxiii. Jerusalem,
14; Neh. south of the
iii. 26, 27; Temple
xi. 21 enclosure.
OPHIR Gen. x. 29; Not identified — Probably
1 Kings ix. Southern Arabia.
28; x. 11; See Smith’s
xxii. 48; 1 Bible Dictionary.
Chr. i. 23;
xxix. 4; 2
Chr. viii.
18; ix. 10;
Job xxii.
24; xxviii.
 16; Ps.
xlv. 9;
Isaiah xiii.
12; Tobit
xiii. 17
OPHNI Josh. xviii. Jufna (?) 10 A town of
24 Benjamin.
Supposed by
some to be
Jufna, the
Gophna of
Josephus, 3
miles north-west
of Bethel, but
this would
perhaps place it
outside
Benjamin. (Mem.
II.; Sh. XIV.)

OPHRAH (1) Josh. xviii. et Taiyibeh 10 ‘Five Roman

23; 1 miles east of
Sam. xiii. Bethel’
17 (Onomasticon).
This appears to
point to the
present large
village Taiyibeh.
(Mem. II. 293;
Sh. XIV.)

OPHRAH (2) Jud. vi. 11, Ferʾata (?)* 10 Probably the

24; viii. 27, present village
32; ix. 5 Ferʾata, 6 miles
west of
Shechem, the
old name of
which was
Ophrah
 (Samaritan
Chronicle).
(Mem. II. 162;
Sh. XI.)—
Conder.
OREB, The Judg. vii. Not identified — ʾOsh el Ghurâb, a
Rock 25; Isa. x. prominent peak
26 in the Jordan
Valley, north of
Jericho, has
been proposed.
See Quarterly
Statement, p.
22, 1877. (Mem.
III.; Sh. XVIII.)

OREB, Mount 2 Esdras ii. — Mount Horeb.

33
PADAN Gen. xlviii. — Padan-aram.
7
PADAN-ARAM Gen. xxv. — The land of
20; xxviii. Mesopotamia.
2, 5, 6, 7;
xxxi. 18;
xxxiii. 18;
xxxv. 9,
26; xlvi. 15
PAMPHYLIA 1 Macc. xv. — A district on the
23 south coast of
Asia Minor,
between Lycia
and Cilicia.
PARAH Josh. xviii. Kh. Fârah 14 One of the cities
23 in and allotted to
Benjamin. Now
the ruin Fârah,
 south-east of
Michmash.
(Mem. III. 174;
Sh. XVIII.)
PARAN, Desert Gen. xiv. 6; et Tih 27 The desert (‘et
of (el Paran) xxi. 21; Tih’) between
Num. x. Kadesh and
12; xii. 16; Sinai.
xiii. 3, 26;
Deut. i. 1;
1 Sam.
xxv. 1; 1
Kings xi.
18

PARAN, Mount Deut. xxxiii. Not identified — See preceding.

2; Hab. iii.
3
PARVAIM 2 Chr. iii. 6 Not identified — The name of the
country from
which the gold
was procured for
the decoration of
Solomon’s
Temple.
PAS-DAMMIM 1 Chr. xi. — See Ephes-
13 dammim.
PATHROS Is. xi. 11; — A part of Upper
Jer. xliv. 1, Egypt, possibly
15; Ezek. about Thebes.
xxix. 14; Pathrusim, Gen.
xxx. 14 x. 14; 1 Chr. i. 12
PAU Gen. xxxvi. Not identified — The capital of
39 Hadar, King of
Edom.
PAI 1 Chr. i. 50 Not identified — Probably the
same as the
preceding.
PENIEL and Gen. xxxii. Not identified — Very probably
PENUEL 30; xxxii. somewhere on
31; Judg. the northern
viii. 8, 9, slope of ‘Jebel
17; 1 Osha.’ See Heth
Kings xii. & Moab, pp.
25 177–179.
PEOR, Top of Num. xxiii. Not identified 14 See Beth-peor.
28 Probably the
commanding
peak above ‘ʾAin
Minyeh,’
overlooking the
Dead Sea, etc.
Quarterly
Statement, p.
87; 1882.

PERAZIM, Isaiah Not identified — See Baal-

Mount xxviii. 21 perazim.
PEREZ-UZZAH 2 Sam. vi. Not identified — The threshing-
8; 1 Chr. floor of Nachon,
xiii. 11 in the
neighbourhood
of Jerusalem.
PERSEPOLIS 2 Macc. ix. Chehl-Minar — At one time the
2 capital of Persia
proper. Now
called Chehl-
Minar. The ruins
are of great
extent and
magnificence,
covering an area
 of many acres.
See Niebuhr
(Reis., ii. 121);
Chardin
(Voyages, ii.
245); Ker Porter
(Travels, i. 576);
Heeren (Asiatic
Nations, i. 143–
196); Rich
(Residence in
Khurdistan, ii.
pp. 218–222);
Fergusson
(Palaces of
Nineveh and
Persepolis
Restored, pp.
89–124); etc.

PERSIA 2 Chr. —
xxxvi. 20,
22, 23;
Ezr. i. 1, 2,
8; iii. 7; iv.
3, 5, 7, 24;
vi. 14; vii.
1; ix. 9;
Esth. i. 3,
14, 18; x.
2; Ezek.
xxvii. 10;
xxxviii. 5;
Dan. viii.
20; x. 1,
13, 20; xi.
2; 1 Esdr.
iii. 1, 9,
14; v. 6;
 vii. 4; viii.
80; Judith
i. 7; Bel i.
1; 1 Macc.
iii. 31; vi.
1, 5, 56; 2
Macc. i.
13, 19, 20,
33; ix. 1,
21
PETHOR Num. xxii. — A town of
5; Deut. Mesopotamia,
xxiii. 4 where Balaam
resided. Situated
on the
Euphrates.
PHARATHONI 1 Macc. ix. Not identified — Probably
50 Pirathon, which
see.
PHARPAR, 2 Kings v. Nahr Taura, — In the Arabic
River 12 one of the version Nahr
branches of Taura takes the
the Barada place of Pharpar.
(?)
PHASELIS 1 Macc. xv. Tekrova — A town on the
23 coast of Asia
Minor, on the
confines of Lycia
and Pamphylia.
Now called
Tekrova.
(Smith’s Bible
Dictionary.)

PHENICE 1 Esdr. ii. — Phenicia in 3

17, 24, 25, Macc. iii. 15; 4
27; iv. 48; Macc. iv. 2
 vi. 3, 7,
27, 29; vii.
1; viii. 19,
23, 67; 2
Esdr. 1, 2;
2 Macc. iii.
5, 8; iv. 4,
22; viii. 8;
x. 11
PHILISTIA Ps. lx. 8; — The south part of
lxxxvii. 4; the maritime
cviii. 9 plain of Syria.
Identical with the
word Palestine.
(Smith’s Bible
Dictionary.)
PHISON Ecclus. — The Greek form
xxiv. 25 of Pison.
PHUD Judith ii. 23 — Phut. See Put.
PI-BESETH Ezek. xxx. Tell Basta — Bubastis. Now
17 ‘Tell Basta,’ near
Zagazig, in
Lower Egypt.
PI-HAHIROTH Ex. xiv. 2, Not identified — Camping-station
9; Num. of the Israelites
xxxiii. 7, 8 before Migdol.
PIRA 1 Esdr. v. — Thought to be a
19 repetition and
variation of
Caphira in the
same verse.
PIRATHON Judg. xii. Ferʾôn (?)* 10 ‘In the land of
15 Ephraim in the
Mount of the
 Amalekites.’
According to the
old traveller
Hap-Parchi, it
lay about two
hours (6 miles)
west of
Shechem, and
was called
‘Ferʾata’
(Asher’s
Benjamin of Tud.
ii. 426; Robinson
iii. 134). Some
14 miles to the
west of
Shechem and
north of Ferʾata
is the village
Ferʾôn, which
Capt. Conder
proposes to
identify with
Pirathon. (Mem.
II. 164; Sh. XI.)
Pharathoni (1
Macc. ix. 50) is
possibly the
same.
PISGAH, Mount Num. xxi. Râs Sîâghah 15 Apparently the
20; xxiii. peak called ‘Râs
14; Deut. Sîâghah,’ west
iii. 17, 27; of Neba (Mount
iv. 49; Nebo). (Heth
xxxiv. 1 and Moab, p.
129.)
PISON Gen. ii. 11 One of the four
(R.V. PISHON) heads flowing
 out of Eden.
PITHOM Ex. i. 11 Tell Mahuta — In Lower Egypt,
on the Ismailia
Zagazig Railway.
PTOLEMAIS 1 Macc. v. ʾAkka — Accho—St. Jean
15, 22, 55; d’Acre, the
x. 1, 39, modern ʾAkka;
50–58, 60; see Accho.
xi. 22, 24;
xii. 45, 48;
xiii. 12; 2
Macc. xiii.
24, 25;
Acts xxi. 7

PUNON Num. xxxiii. Not identified — Camping-station

43 of the Israelites
in the desert.
PUT 1 Chr. i. 8; Not identified — A Hamite people.
Nah. iii. 9 Phut (Gen. x. 6);
Phud (Judith ii.
23); Libya (Jer.
xlvi. 9; Ezek.
xxxviii. 5; see
Libya.) (Grove’s
Bible Index.)

RABBAH Josh. xv. 60 Kh. Rubba 14 A city of Judah,

(?)* named with
Kirjath-jearim.
Possibly
‘Rubba,’ in the
hills, 4 miles
east of Beit
Jibrîn. (Mem. III.
314; Sh. XXI.)—
Conder.
RABBAH Josh. xiii. ʾAmmân 11 Now called
25; 2 ʾAmmân, on the
Sam. xi. 1; highlands of
xii. 26, 27, Gilead. A large
29; xvii. Roman city
27; 1 Chr. (Philadelphia) was
xx. 1; built there in the
Ezek. xxi. second century
20 a.d., of which fine
ruins yet remain.
‘The City of
Waters’ (Heth and
Moab, p. 152);
Conder’s Primer of
RABBAH of the Jer. xlix. 2, Bible Geography,
Ammonites 3 p. 103; see also
Burckhardt (Syria,
RABBATH of Ezek. xxi. 357–360); Seetzen
the Ammonites 20 (Reisen i. 396; iv.
(R.V. RABBAH) 212, 214); Irby
(June 14);
Buckingham (East
Syria, 68–82); Lord
RABBATH of Deut. iii. 11
Lindsay (5th ed.
Ammon
278–284);
(R.V. RABBAH)
Robinson (ii. 172–
178).

RABBITH Josh. xix. Râba* 10 Now the village

20 ‘Râba,’ on the
watershed south
of Gilboa. (Mem.
II. Sh. XII.)—
Conder.
RACHAL 1 Sam. xxx. Not identified — In the south of
(R.V. RACAL) 29 Judah.
RACHEL, Tomb Gen. xxxv. Kubbet Râhîl 14 Kubbet Râhil,
of 20; 1 near Bethlehem.
Sam. x. 2 The site has
been shown
from the fourth
century to the
present time in
the same place.
(Mem. III. 54, 55,
and 129; Sh.
XVII.)
RAGAU Judith i. 5, — Probably another
15 form for ‘Rages.’
RAGES Job i. 14; iv. Rhey — ‘A city of Media.’
1, 20; v. 5; The name ‘Rhey’
vi. 9, 12; is now applied to
ix. 2 the ruins 5 miles
south-east of
Teheran. See
Ker Porter’s
Travels, i. 357–
364; Fraser’s
Khorassan, p.
286.

RAKKATH Josh. xix. Tûbarîya 6 One of the

35 fortified towns of
Naphtali. The old
name of
Tiberias. (Mem.
I. 365; Sh. VI.)
RAKKON Josh. xix. Tell er 9 One of the towns
46 Rakkeit* of Dan. Now Tell
er Rakkeit, north
of Jaffa. (Mem.
II. 262, 275; Sh.
XIII.)—Conder.
RAMAH (1), of Josh. xviii. er-Ram 14 Now the village
Benjamin 25; Judg. er-Ram, 5 miles
iv. 5; xix. north of
13; 1 Jerusalem. It is
Sam. xxii. uncertain
6; 1 Kings whether these
xv. 17, 21; references point
2 Chr. xvi. to one or more
1; Ezra ii. places. (Mem.
26; Neh. III. 13; Sh. XVII.)
vii. 30; xi.
33; Is. x.
29; Jer.
xxxi. 15;
xl. 1; Hos.
v. 8
RAMAH (2) Josh. xix. er Râmeh 6 Now the village
36 ‘Râmeh,’ in
Lower Galilee,
west of Safed.
(Mem. I. 205;
Sh. IV.)
RAMAH (3) Josh. xix. Râmia (?) 6 Now the village
29 Râmia, east of
the Ladder of
Tyrus, in Upper
Galilee. (Mem.
I.; Sh. IV.)
RAMATH-LEHI Judg. xv. Not identified —
17
RAMATH- Josh. xiii. er Rimthe 11 Possibly the ruin
MIZPEH 26 (??)* ‘Rimthe,’ in the
northern limits of
Gad, and about
midway between
Bozrah and the
 Jordan
(Conder’s Heth
& Moab, 175).
RAMATH- Josh. xix. 8; Not identified — Somewhere in the
NEGEB 1 Sam. south of Judah.
(R.V. RAMAH xxx. 27 In Sam. xxx. 27
of the South) Ramoth.
RAMATHAIM- 1 Sam. i. 1, Not identified — Somewhere in
ZOPHIM or 19; ii. 11; Mount Ephraim.
RAMAH vii. 17; viii. It does not
4; xv. 34; appear to have
xvi. 13; been the same
xix. 18– place as Ramah
23; xx. 1; (1).
xxv. 1;
xxviii. 3

RAMATHEM 1 Macc. xi. Not identified — Thought to be the

34 same as last.
RAMESES Gen. xlvii. Not identified — A city in Lower
RAAMSES 11; Ex. i. Egypt. Thought
RAMESSE 11; xii. 37; to be the same
Num. as Zoan; which
xxxiii. 3, 5; see.
Judith i. 9
RAMOTH 1 Chr. vi. er Râmeh* 10 Now the village
73 Râmeh, south of
the plain of
Esdraelon. See
Remeth. (Mem.
II. 155; Sh. XI.)
—Conder.
RAMOTH in Deut. iv. 43; Reimûn (?)* 11 One of the six
Gilead Josh. xx. cities of refuge.
8; xxi. 38; Fifteen Roman
1 Kings iv. miles from
 13; xxii. 3– Philadelphia
24; 2 (Onomasticon).
Kings viii. The village Es-
28; ix. 1, Salt is about this
4, 14; 1 distance. In 2
Chr. vi. 80; Kings viii. 29,
2 Chr. and Chr. xxii. 6,
xviii. 2–28; called Ramah.
xxii. 5 Probably
Reimûn
(Conder’s Heth
and Moab, p.
175).
RAPHIA 3 Macc. i. 1 — Probably the
same as
Raphon.
RAPHON or 1 Macc. v. Rafeh (?) 7 Placed at ‘Rafeh,’
RAPHANA 37 4 miles south-
west of Edrei, by
Dr. Merill (East
of Jordan).
RECHAH 1 Chr. iv. 12 Not identified —
(R.V. RECAH)
RED SEA Ex. x. 19;
xiii. 18; xv.
4, 22; xxiii.
31; Num.
xiv. 25;
xxi. 4, 14;
xxxiii. 10,
11; Deut. i.
1, 40; xi.
4; Josh. ii.
10; iv. 23;
xxiv. 6;
Judg. xi.
 16; 1
Kings ix.
26; Neh.
ix. 9; Ps.
cvi. 5–9,
22; cxxxvi.
13, 15;
Jer. xlix.
21; Judith
v. 13; 1
Macc. iv.
9; Called
‘the Sea’
in Exodus
xiv. 2, 9,
16, 21, 28;
xv. 1, 4, 8,
10, 19;
Josh. xxiv.
6, 7

REHOB (1) Num. xiii. Hunîn (??) 6 See Beth-rehob,

21; 2 near Banias,
Sam. x. 6, Laish, and Dan
8 (Tell el Kâdy), a
city in the valley
that lieth by
‘Beth-rehob.’
REHOB (2) Josh. xix. Not identified — Allotted to Asher.
28; xxi.
31; 1 Chr.
vi. 75
REHOB (3) Josh. xix. Not identified — Allotted to Asher.
30; Judg.
i. 31
REHOBOTH Gen. xxvi. Ruheibeh 20 To the south of
22 Beersheba and
 Bered are a
heap of ruins,
and some wells
called ‘er
Ruheibeh.’ See
Desert of Sinai,
316, by Dr.
Bonar.
REHOBOTH, Gen. x. 11 Not identified 11 Usually placed
The City near Nineveh on
(R.V. the south side.
REHOBOTH- See the next.
IR)
REHOBOTH by Gen. xxxvi. Rahabeh, or — ‘The name
the River 37; 1 Chr. Rahabeh “Rahabeh” is
i. 48 Melek (?) applied to two
places on the
Euphrates, one
8 miles below
the junction of
the Khabûr,
about 3 miles
west of the river
(Chesney,
Euphrates, i.
119; ii. 610), the
other 4 or 5
miles further
down on the left
bank, and called
Rahabeh Melek.’
REKEM Josh. xviii. Not identified — One of the towns
27 of Benjamin.
Named between
Mozah (Beit
Mizzeh) and
Irpeel (Rafat?).
 ʾAin Karim has
been proposed
(Smith’s Bible
Dictionary), but
the name and
position are alike
unsatis­factory.
Possibly the
word should
read Dekem, in
which case Beit
Dukku lies in a
probable
position.
REMETH Josh. xix. er Râmeh (?)* 10 ? Ramoth of 1
21 Chr. vi. 73. Now
the village er
Râmeh, 5½
miles north of
Samaria. (Mem.
II. 155; Sh. XI.)
—Conder.

REMMON Josh. xix. 7 13 See En-rimmon

(R.V. RIMMON) (of Simeon).
REMMON Josh. xix. Rummâneh 6 Now the village
METHOAR 13 Rummâneh, on
(R.V. RIMMON) the edge of
‘Sahel el
Buttauf,’ north of
Nazareth and
Seffurieh. (Mem.
I. 363; Sh. VI.)
Methoar means
‘which
stretches.’

REPHAIM, The Josh. xv. 8; el Bŭkeiʾa 14 Now called el

Valley of xviii. 16; 2 Bŭkeiʾa, the
Sam. v. plain south of
18–22; Jerusalem, on
xxiii. 13; 1 the way to
Chr. xi. 15; Bethlehem.
xiv. 9; Is.
xvii. 5
REPHIDIM Num. xxxiii. Not identified — One of the
14, 15 camping places
of the Israelites
in the desert
between Alush
and Sinai.
Robinson places
Rephidim in
‘Wady esh
Sheikh.’ (Rob. i.
121.) Burckhardt
(Syria and C.
488), Stanley (S.
and P. 40–42),
Ritter (xiv. 740,
741), in Wâdy
Feiran.
RESEN Gen. x. 12 Not identified — One of the cities
Between built by Asshur,
Nimrúd and ‘between
Kuyunjik Nineveh and
Calah.’ The ruins
of a town near
the modern
village of
Selamiyeh would
suit the situation,
but they are not
of any great
importance.
 (Smith’s Bible
Dictionary.)
REUBEN, Tribe Josh. xiii. — The eastern parts
of 15–23; of the country
Josephus beyond Jordan,
9 Ant. viii. which belonged
1 to the
Reubenites and
Gadites and to
the half tribes of
Manasseh. (9
Ant. viii. 1.)

REZEPH 2 Kings xix. Not identified — There are several

12; Is. Near Nisibin towns of this
xxxvii. 12 name in
Mesopotamia.
One west of the
Euphrates on
the road from
Racca to Hŭms,
the other east of
the Euphrates
near Bagdad;
between these
two rests the
claim to the
ancient site.
(Smith’s Bible
Dictionary.)
RHODUS 1 Macc. xv. Island of — The Island of
23 Rhodes Rhodes in the
Mediterranean.
RIBLAH Num. xxxiv. Ribleh — Probably the
11; 2 same as in 2
Kings xxiii. Kings xxiii. 33.
33; xxv. 6, The present