Analytic Univalent and Multivalent Functions On Differential Subordination

Prepeared by: Shno Farhad Muhammed

University of Salahaddin, Physics Department, College of Education Shaqlawa

E-mail: [email protected]

2017-2018

Abstract

In this paper we apply several concepts on differential subordination of analytic univalent and multivalent
functions in discU ={ z ∈C :|z|< 1 }. We generalized the Ruscheweyh derivatives, define the differential
n
operator F p , λ so applied some theorems on it.

Keywords: Analytic univalent functions, Superordination, Ruscheweyh derivative.

1. Introduction

O ne of the most attractive subjects and has significant impact role in the geometric
function is the theoretical of analytic and univalent functions. It is origin return to the
first two decades due to Koebe [1]. The area theorem has proved by Gronwall in [2]. The
second coefficient of normalized univalent function has been estimated by Bieberch in [3].
The plain first order differential subordination z p ' ( z ) ≺ h ( z ) was thought by Goluzin in [4].
The hypergeometric functions were analyzed by Ruscheweyh and Singh in [5].
Before starting the results of this work, we recall the following definitions:
1. A set A defined the class of all analytic functions f in U.
2. A function f ( z ) is called univalent if and only if f (z 1)≠ f (z 2 ) for all distinct points z 1 and z 2
in D. Since, M Σ is class of all meromorphic univalent functions f in D. [6, 7]
3. Let f (z) is analytic in disc U. Then f ( z ) called p-valent in U wheneverw=f ( z ) has never
more than p-solutions in U. Since, class of all meromoephic p- valent functions and defined
by:
∞
f ( z )=z +−p
∑ a k z k , p ∈ N ; z ∈U ¿. (1.1)
k=1+ p

Where U ¿punctured open disc. [8]

4. Let p(z ) is analytic in U and comply with first order differential subordination:
∅ ( p ( z ) , z p' ( z ) ; z ) ≺ h ( z ) ; z ∈U , (1.2)
Then p ( z )is called a solution of (1.3). An univalent function q ( z ) is called a dominant of (1.2).
A univalent dominant ~ q satisfies ~
q ≺ q for all dominants q of equation (1.2) is called best
dominant if it exist. [6]
1
5. If p(z ) and ∅ ( p ( z ) , z p' ( z ) ; z ) are univalent in U and If p(z ) satisfies the first order
differential superordination:
h ( z ) ≺ ∅ ( p ( z ) , z p' ( z ) ; z ) ; z ∈U . (1.3)
Then p ( z )is a solution of (1.4). An analytic function q ( z ) is called a subordinant of (1.4). A
univalent subordinant ~ q that satisfies q ≺ ~
q for all subordinants q of (1.4) is called best
subordinant. [9]
6. The Hadamard product of two distinct functions defined as:
∞

( f 1∗f 2 ) ( z ) =z + ∑ a p +k ,1 a p +k ,2 z =( f 2∗f 1 ) ( z ) where f 1 , f 2 ∈ A ,

p p +k
(1.4)
k=1

which is denoted by(¿). [10]

7. Let b be non-zero complex number and ϕ (z ) be an analytic function with positive real part
on U with ϕ ( 0 )=1 , ϕ ' (0)>0 which maps the unit disk U onto a region starlike with respect to
1 which is symmetric with respect to the real axis. Then
a- The class M [b , α](ϕ ) includes f ∈ A comply with:
3 '' ' 2 '' '
1 α z f ( z ) + ( 1+2 α ) z f ( z ) + z f ( z )
1+ ( −1) ≺ ϕ ( z), 0 ≤ α <1. [11]
b α z2 f ' ' ( z ) + z f ' ( z )
(1.5)
1
b- The class H [ b , α , m , λ ] ( ϕ ) includes f ∈ A comply with: 1+ ¿ where 0 ≤ α <1 , λ ≥ 0
b
¿ , m>−1 .[12]
(1.6)
2. Some Subordination Results Associated With Generalized Ruscheweyh Derivatives
The aim of these sections is to generalization of Ruscheweyh derivative when introduce in
(Definition 5 [14]) and applied some theorem on it.
Now
Suppose that f ∈ A , λ ∈¿∧m∈(−1 , ∞) then consider
m z
D λ f ( z )= m +1
∗Dλ f ( z ) , z ∈ U , Where D λ f ( z )=( 1−λ ) f ( z ) + λ z f ' ( z ) , z ∈ U .
(1−z)
∞
Since f ∈ A , f ( z )=z +∑ a n z , z ∈U . Thus
n

n=2

∞
( m+1)n−1
D f ( z )=z +¿ ∑ [1+ ( n−1 ) λ] an zn , z ∈ U .
m
λ
n =2 (1) n−1
In the case m ∈ N , thus
m−1 (m)
z (z Dλ f ( z ))
m
D f ( z )=
λ
, z∈U .
m!
2
Where λ=0 we have m-th Ruscheweyh derivative and Dm0 =Dm .
Since in [13] we have:
(m+1)n−1 Γ (m+n)
=¿
(1)n−1 Γ ( m+1)Γ (1)
∞
Thus we get, D f ( z )=z + ∑ [ 1+ ( n−1 ) λ ] σ ( m ,n ) a n z , z ∈U .
m n
λ
n=2

Theorem 2.1[13]
Suppose that ϕ∧F are defined in (Lemma 1 [11]). A function f ∈ H [b , α , m , λ ](ϕ ¿ if and
'' ' 1
s [α z ( D λ f ) ( tz )+ z ( D λ f ) ( tz ) ]
2 m m
b sF (tz)
only if ( ) ≺ ; ∀∨s∨≤ 1 and¿ t∨≤ 1.
2 m
λ
''
t [α z ( D f ) ( sz )+ z ( D f ) ( sz ) ]
m
λ
'
tF (sz )

(2.1)
Proof:
'' ' 1
α z 2 ( Dmλ f ) ( z )+ z ( D mλ f ) ( z ) b
Define p ( z )=( ) (2.2)
z
Taking the derivatives of both side of (2.2) logarithmically, yields
''' '' '
z p 1 α z ( Dλ f ) ( z ) + ( 1+2 α ) z ( D λ f ) + z ( D λ f ) ( tz )
' 3 m 2 m m

= { −1 }
p (z) b m '' m '
α z ( D λ f ) ( z )+ z ( D λ f ) ( z )
2

(2.3)
Applying (1.8), gives

{ }
'' ' '' '
1 α z ( D λ f ) ( z ) + ( 1+2 α ) z ( D λ f ) + z ( D λ f ) ( z )
' 3 m 2 m m
z p (z)
1+ =1+ −1 ≺ ϕ ( z ) were 0 ≤ λ<1
p ( z) b m '' m '
α z ( D f ) (z )+ z (D f ) ( z )
2
λ λ

(2.4)
'' ' 1
s [α z ( D λ f ) ( tz )+ z ( D λ f ) ( tz ) ]
2 m m
b sF (tz)
Then applying (Lemma 1 [11]) we get ( ) ≺ .
'' '
t [α z ( D λ f ) ( sz )+ z ( D λ f ) ( sz ) ]
2 m m tF (sz )

Corollary 2.2[13]
Suppose that ϕ (z ) and F (z)are obtain in (Lemma 1 [11]). A function f ∈ H [b , α , m ,0 ](ϕ ¿ if
'' ' 1
s [α z ( D f ) ( tz ) + z ( D f ) ( tz ) ]
2 m m
b sF (tz)
and only if( ) ≺ ; ∀∨s∨≤ 1∧¿ t∨≤ 1. (2.5)
''
t [α z ( D f ) ( sz ) + z ( D f ) ( sz )]
2 m m '
tF (sz )

Substitute m=λ=0 in Theorem 2.1, yields.

Corollary 2.3[13]
Suppose that ϕ (z ) and F (z)are obtain in (Lemma 1 [11]). A function f ∈ M [b , α ](ϕ ¿ if and
2 '' ' 1
s [α z f ( tz ) + z f ( tz ) ] b sF (tz)
only if( ) ≺ ; ∀ ¿ s∨≤1 and ¿ t∨≤ 1.
t [α z2 f ' ' ( sz ) + z f ' ( sz ) ] tF (sz)

3
 (2.6)
Substitute α =m= λ=0 in Theorem 2.1, yields.
Theorem 2.4[13]
Suppose that ϕ be starlike with one and F (z)is obtain in (Lemma 1 [11]) be starlike. If
'' '
α z ( Dλ f ) ( z ) + z ( D λ f ) ( z )
( )
2 m m b
f ∈ H [b , α , m , λ ](ϕ ¿ , then F (z) (2.7)
≺ .
z z
Proof:
Define p ( z ) and q ( z ) as the form
'' ' b
α z ( D λ f ) ( z )+ z ( D λ f ) ( z )
2 m m
F (z)
p ( z )=( ) ∧q ( z )= .
z z
Differentiation p ( z ) and q ( z )

{ }
' '' '' '
onz p ( z ) 1 α z ( D λ f ) ( z )+ ( 1+ 2 α ) z ( D λ f ) + z ( D λ f ) ( z )
' 3 m 2 m m

= m '' m '
−1
p( z) b α z ( D λ f ) ( z )+ z ( D λ f ) ( z )
2

(2.8)
From (1.5), thus

{ }
'' ' '' '
1 α z ( D λ f ) ( z ) + ( 1+2 α ) z ( D λ f ) + z ( D λ f ) ( z )
' 3 m 2 m m
z p (z)
1+ =1+ −1 ≺ ϕ ( z ), (2.9)
p ( z) b m '' m '
α z ( D f ) (z )+ z (D f ) ( z )
2
λ λ

' '
z q ( z) z F (z )
and = −1=ϕ ( z )−1.
q(z ) F (z )
Since f belong to H [b , α ,m , λ](ϕ ¿ , thus

{ }
'' ' '' '
z p ( z) 1 α z ( D λ f ) ( z ) + ( 1+2 α ) z ( D λ f ) + z ( D λ f ) ( z )
' 3 m 2 'm m
z q (z )
= −1 ≺ ϕ ( z ) −1= .
p (z) b m '' m '
α z ( D f ) (z )+ z (D f ) ( z )
2
λ
q( z)
λ

' '
z p (z ) z q (z )
So ≺ .
p(z) q (z )
1 1 z p' ( z ) z q' ( z )
In (Lemma 1 [11]) putting φ ( p ( z ) )= and φ ( q ( z ) )= , we get ≺
p( z ) q(z ) p( z) q (z )
implies that p ( z ) ≺ q ( z ) , and ( p ( z ))b ≺ (q ( z ))b .
'' '
α z ( Dλ f ) ( z ) + z ( D λ f ) ( z )
2 m m b
Hence F (z )
≺( ) .
z z
Corollary 2.5[13]
Suppose that ϕ be starlike with one and F (z)is obtain in (Lemma 1 [11]) be starlike. If

4
 ( )
'' '
α z ( D f ) ( z )+z ( D f ) (z ) F ( z )
2 m m b
f ∈ H [b , α , m ,0 ](ϕ ¿ , then ≺ .
z z
(2.10)
In Theorem 2.4, taking m=λ=0 , we obtain it.
Corollary 2.6[13]
Suppose that ϕ be starlike with respect to one and F (z)is obtain in (Lemma 1 [11]) be

( )
2 '' ' b
α z ( f ) ( z )+z ( f ) ( z ) F ( z )
starlike. If f ∈ H [b , α ] (ϕ ¿ , then ≺ .
z z
(2.11)
In Theorem 2.4, assuming α =m= λ=0 , we obtain it.
Corollary 2.7[13]
Suppose that ϕ be starlike with respect to one and F (z)is obtain in (Lemma 1 [11]) be

( )
b
F( z) '
starlike. If f ∈ H [b , 0 , 0 ,0 ](ϕ ¿ , then f ( z ) ≺ . (2.12)
z
In Theorem 2.4, assuming α =m= λ=0 , we obtain it.

3. Sandwich Theorems for Meromorphic Multivalent Functions

The aim of this section is to define a differential operator F np , λ, then applying some theorems
on it.
We define F np , λ : M Σ p → M Σ pbe the differential operator where f (z)∈ M Σ p as follows:
0 ¿
F p , λ f ( z )=f ( z ) , 0< λ < p ; p , λ ∈ N ; n∈ N 0 ; z ∈U .
1 λ λ '
F p , λ f ( z )=F p , λ f ( z )=( 1+ λ ) f ( z )+ f ( z )+ z f ( z ) ,
p p
So

[ ]
∞
λk
F p , λ f ( z )=¿ z− p + ∑ 1+ a z k− p ,
k=1 p k
And

[ ]
∞ 2
λk
F 2p , λ f ( z )=z− p + ∑ 1+ ak z k− p ,
k =1 p
Therefore, it can be easily seen that
n n−1
F p , λ f ( z )=F p , λ [ F ¿ ¿ p , λ f ( z ) ]¿

[ ]
∞ n
λk
¿ z− p + ∑ 1+ ak z k− p . (3.1)
k=1 p
Now,
5
z [F ¿¿ p , λn f ( z ) ]' =
p n+1 p
( )
F f ( z )− + p F np , λ f ( z ) .¿
λ p, λ λ
(3.2)

From left hand side of (3.2) we get

[ ]
∞ n
λk
z [F ¿¿ p , λn f ( z ) ]' =¿− p F np , λ f ( z ) + ∑ k 1+ a k z k− p , ¿
k=1 p
From right hand side of (3.2) we get
p n+1
λ
p
λ ( )n
F p , λ f ( z )− + p F p , λ f ( z )

[ ]
∞ n
λk
¿−p F np , λ f ( z ) + ∑ k 1+ a k z k− p .
k=1 p
Theorem 3.1[13]

{ }
''
z ϕ (z )
Suppose that f , g ∈ M Σ p.and R 1+ >−σ , (3.3)
ϕ' ( z )
Where
p+ λ p n +1 p p n+ 1
ϕ ( z )= z F p , λ g ( z )− z F p , λ g ( z ) , 0< λ< p ; λ , p ∈ N ; n ∈ N 0 ; z ∈ U . (3.4)
λ λ
2 2 2 2 ¿ 1
And σ =( p− λ ) + p −¿ ( p− λ ) − p ∨ 4 p ( p+ λ) ¿ where 0< σ < .
2
(3.5)
p+ λ p n+1 p p n+1
Then z F p , λ f ( z )− z F p , λ f ( z ) ≺ ϕ ( z ). (3.6)
λ λ
Implies that z p F n+ 1 p n+1 p n+ 1
p , λ f ( z ) ≺ z F p , λ g ( z ) ; z ∈ U∧¿ z F p , λ g ( z ) has best dominant.

Proof:
Let F ( z )=z p F n+1
p, λ f ( z ) and G ( z )=z p F n+1
p , λ g ( z ). (3.7)
We have shown ifq is defined as:
''
z G (z)
q ( z )=1+ , z∈U . (3.8)
G' (z )
Then R ( q ( z ) ) > 0; z ∈U . (3.9)
' p −1
Now, differentiating the second part of (3.7), we get G ( z )=z ¿

G' ( z )=z p −1
[ p n+1
λ ( )
p
]
F p , λ g ( z )− + p F np , λ g ( z ) + p z p −1 F np , λ g ( z ) .
λ
' p p−1 n +1 p p−1 n p−1 n p −1 n
G ( z )= z F p , λ g ( z )− z F p , λ g ( z ) −p z F p , λ g ( z ) + p z F p , λ g ( z ) . (3.10)
λ λ

6
 p p−1 n+1 p p−1 n
¿ z F p , λ g ( z )− z F p , λ g ( z ) ,
λ λ
So,

( p+ λ ) z G' ( z )= p [ p + λ p n+1
λ
p
]
z F p , λ g ( z )− z p F np , λ g ( z ) − p z p F np , λ g ( z ) .
λ
(3.11)

p+ λ p n +1 p p n+ 1
Since ϕ ( z )= z F p , λ g ( z )− z F p , λ g ( z ) , (3.12)
λ λ
Therefore
'
pϕ ( z )=( p+ λ ) z G ( z ) + pG ( z ) . (3.13)
Differentiating both sides of (3.13), gives
p ϕ ' ( z )=( p+ λ ) [ z G' ' ( z ) +G' ( z ) ] + p G' ( z )
¿¿ ¿¿
(3.14)
Differentiating (3.14) more than ones thus
p ϕ '' ( z )=[ ( p+ λ ) q ( z )+ p ]G' ' ( z ) + ( p+ λ ) q' ( z ) G' ( z ).
'' '
zϕ (z) z q (z)
1+ =¿ q ( z ) + =h ( z ) .
Now ϕ' ( z ) p (3.15)
q ( z )+
p+ λ
From (3.3) and (3.4) yields

{
R 1+ z
∅ '' (z)
'
+
∅ (z ) p+ λ
p
}
>0 , z∈U . (3.16)

Hence from (3.15) and (3.16) we get us R h(z)+ { p

p+ λ }
>0 , z ∈ U .

Then by (Lemma 2 [12]), we get (3.15) has a solution and q ∈ A (U ) with q ( 0 )=h ( 0 )=1.
v
H ( u , v )=u+ +σ ,
Setting p (3.17)
u+
p+ λ
'
z q (z )
H ( q ( z ) , z q ( z) )=q ( z )+
'
+σ .
We have p (3.18)
q ( z )+
p+ λ
Hence, from (3.15), (3.17) and (3.18), we obtain
R { H ( q(z ), z q (z) ) }>0 , z ∈ U .
'
(3.19)
1
We have to prove R { H (is , t) } ≤0 whenever s ∈ R ; t ≤− (1+ s ).
2
(3.20)
2

7
Since from (3.17) have the following equations:
t
R { H (is , t) }=R {is+ +σ }
p
is+
p+λ
p
t [−is+ ]
p+ λ
¿ R {is+
p
¿−is+ ∨¿2 +σ }¿
p+ λ
tp
¿ +σ ¿ ¿ (3.21)
p+ λ
hσ ( s )
≤−
| |
2
p
2 −is+
p+ λ

[ ( )]
2
p p p
Where h σ ( s )=( 1+ s )
2 2
− s+ . (3.22)
p + λ p+ λ p+ λ

It is obvious that h σ ( s ) ≥0 , applying (3.21) we obtain (3.20) holds true.

By (Lemma 3 [12]), we get R { q ( z ) } > 0; z ∈U .
Since G ' ( z) ≠ 0 , is satisfied. Thus G(z ) in (4.6) is convex in U.
After, we prove (3.4) we obtain F ( z ) ≺ G ( z ) 0 ; z ∈ U . (3.23)
For each F and G defined in (3.7) G is in U and G ' (ζ ) doesn’t equal to zero whenever
ζ ∈ ∂U .
( p+ λ )( 1+t ) '
Suppose that L(z ,t ) defined as: L ( z , t )=G ( z ) + z G ( z ) where
p
0 ≤ t< ∞ ; 0< λ< p ; p , λ∈ N ; z ∈U .
∂ L ( z ,t ) ( p + λ ) ( 1+t )
Now,
∂z
=G' ( z ) +
p
[ z G' ' ( z ) +G' ( z ) ] ,
∂ L ( z ,t ) p ( p+ λ )( 1+t )
Since ∨¿ z=0=G' ( 0 ) [ ]≠ 0 ¿, thus we get L ( z , t )=a1 ( t ) z +… , and satisfy
∂z p
a 1 ( t ) ≠ 0; t ∈ ¿ .
∂ L ( z ,t ) ( p+ λ )
Thus = z G' ( z ) .
∂t p
Now, assume by contradicts F is not subordinate to G. Then by (Lemma 4 [12]), ∃ z 0 ∈ U and
ζ 0 ∈ ∂U , thus
F ( z 0 ) =G(ζ 0) and z 0 F ' ( z 0 ) =(1+t )ζ 0 G' ( ζ 0 ) , 0 ≤ t< ∞ .
Thus

8
 ( p+ λ ) (1+t )
L ( ζ 0 , t ) =G(ζ 0) + '
ζ0 G ( ζ0)
p
p+ λ p n+1 ' p−1 n
¿ F (z 0) + z [ z (F ¿ ¿ p , λ f (z 0 )) + p z 0 F p , λ f ( z 0 )]¿ ¿ F (z 0) +
p 0 0
p+ λ p n p+ λ p n+1 p+ λ p n
¿ ¿ z 0 F p , λ f ( z0 ) + z0 F p , λ f ( z0 )− z F f (z )
p p p 0 p, λ 0
p+ λ p n +1 p p n
¿ z 0 F p , λ f ( z 0 )− z 0 F p , λ f ( z0 ) ∈ ϕ ( U ) ,
p λ
By (3.6) we get contradiction. If F ( z )=G ( z ) , we get G is the best dominant.
Theorem 3.2[13]

{ }
''
z ϕ (z )
Assume that f , g ∈ M Σ p and R 1+ >−σ , where
ϕ' ( z )
p+ λ p n +1 p p n
ϕ ( z )= z F p , λ g ( z )− z F p , λ g ( z ) ,0< λ< p , λ , p ∈ N , n∈ N 0 , z ∈U .
λ λ
p+ λ p n+1 p p n
And σ is given by (3.5) and from z F p , λ f ( z )− z F p , λ f ( z )in U and
λ λ
z F p , λ f ( z ) ∈ A [ 1 ,1 ] ∩Q .
p n

p+ λ p n+1 p p n
Then ϕ ( z ) ≺ z F p , λ f ( z )− z F p , λ f ( z ) ; z ∈ U . (3.24)
λ λ
Implies that z p F np , λ g ( z ) ≺ z p Fnp , λ f ( z ) ; z ∈U .
We obtain the best subordinate function which is z p F np , λ g ( z ).
Proof:
We define F and G as in (3.7).
Now, if q is defined in (3.7) and from (3.13) we get
p+ λ '
ϕ ( z )= z G ( z ) +G ( z ) . (3.25)
λ
By using similarity method as we used in Theorem 3.1, we can prove that
R {q ( z ) }>0 , z ∈ U ,
Since, G defined in (3.7) is convex in U.
From subordination condition (3.23) implies that
G ( z ) ≺ F (z) , z ∈ U . (3.26)
( p+ λ )
Since, G is convex and >0, we can simply to prove that L ( z , t ) is a subordination chain
λ
as in Theorem 3.1. By using (Lemma 5 [12]) and subordination condition (3.24) must imply
the subordination (3.26). Furthermore (3.25) has a univalent solutionG .
Then G ( z )=z p F np , λ g ( z ) is best subordinate of differential superordination.

9
Theorem 3.3[13]
Let f , gk ∈ M Σ p for k take one and two.

{ }
''
z ϕ k (z)
Suppose that R 1+ >−σ . (3.27)
ϕ' k ( z )

Where
p+ λ p n+1 p p n
ϕ k ( z )= z F p , λ g ( z )− z F p , λ g k ( z ) ; k=1 , 2; 0< λ< p ; λ , p ∈ N , n ∈ N 0 , z ∈ U .
λ λ
p+ λ p n+1 p p n
And σ is given by (3.5) and z F p , λ f ( z )− z F p , λ f ( z ) , is univalent in U and
λ λ
p n
z F p , λ f ( z ) ∈ A (1 ,1)∩Q . Then the following relations
p + λ p n+1 p p n
ϕ1 ( z) ≺ z F p , λ f ( z )− z F p , λ f ( z ) ≺ ϕ 2 ( z ) , z ∈U ,
λ λ
Thus z p F np , λ g1 ( z ) ≺ z p F np , λ g2 ( z ) , z ∈U .
And z p F np , λ g1 ( z ) is best subordinant and z p F np , λ g2 ( z ) is best dominant.
Proof:
From Theorem (3.1) and (3.2) we get result.
Corollary 3.4[13]

{ }
''
z ϕ (z )
If gk ∈ M Σ p ; k =1 ,2 . Suppose that (3.27) is satisfied and R 1+ >−σ .
ϕ' ( z )
p+ λ p n +1 p p n
Where ψ ( z )= z F p , λ f ( z ) − z F p , λ f ( z ) ,0< λ< p , λ , p ∈ N , n∈ N 0 , z ∈U .
λ λ
and σ is obtain by (3.5).
p + λ p n+1 p p n
Then the relations ϕ 1 ( z ) ≺ z F p , λ f ( z )− z F p , λ f ( z ) ≺ ϕ 2 ( z ) ; z ∈U .
λ λ
Thus z p F np , λ g1 ( z ) ≺ z p F np , λ g2 ( z ) , z ∈U .
Furthermore, the function z p F np , λ g1 ( z ) is best subordinant and z p F np , λ g2 ( z ) is best dominant.

10
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