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Module 6 - Floor System (One-Way Slab)

One way slab

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82 views6 pages

Module 6 - Floor System (One-Way Slab)

One way slab

Uploaded by

Rommel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Module 6

REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEM:


ONE-WAY SLABS
OVERVIEW

1.0 THE TYPE OF SLABS

Slabs are structural members that support the floor system of a structure. A reinforced
concrete slab is a broad, flat plate, usually horizontal, which may be supported by
reinforced concrete beams, by reinforced concrete walls, by steel members, directly on
columns or by the ground

In general, there are four types of reinforced concrete floor system. These are:

a) “One-way solid slab and beam”. This is a type of slab supported with beams on
two opposite sides since deflection (bending) is in one direction only..
b) “Two-way solid slab and beam”. This is a type of slab supported with beams in
all the four edges since deflection (bending) is in two directions.
Also, a two-way slab may strengthen, besides the use of beams, by
thickening the slab around the columns (drop panels) and by flaring the columns
under the slabs (column capitals).
c) “Flat plates” are solid concrete slabs of uniform depths that transfer loads directly
to the supporting columns without the aid of beams or capitals or drop panels.
These slabs are commonly used where spans are not long and loads are not
heavy.
d) “Flat slabs: Girder less floors, solid or ribbed”. It is a beamless but thickened
slab in the vicinity of the column called a drop panel, and a flared column top
referred to as column capital. These devices reduce the shear and bending
moment around the columns..
e) “Ribbed floors: ‘Grid slab’ or ‘Waffle slab’ ”. It is used when reducing the dead
load of solid slab construction.

The following figure illustrate the different type of slabs

a. One-way slab b. Two-way slab


c. Flat-plate slab d. Flat slab

e. Grid or Waffle slab

Figure 1. Type of slabs

COURSE MATERIALS:

1.0 ONE-WAY SLAB

A one-way slab is type of slab which is supported by two parallel beams. It is essentially
analyzed as a rectangular beam, with a large ratio of width to depth. In design, it is
usual to consider a unit strip of the slab at right angle from the supporting beams with
the depth equals the thickness of slab. A typical type of one-way slab is shown in the
figure below.
Figure 2. One-way slab

Note: The main bars should be placed at right angle with the supporting beams

2.0 DESIGN PROPERTIES AND SPECIFICATION:

(ACI Requirements) For One-Way Slab

1) Ratio of long span to short span is greater than 2, or the ratio of the short to long
span is 0.5

m = L / S > 2.00
or
m = S / L < 0.50

2) Minimum thickness of solid slab. (Grade 60 steel and less)

a. Simple support : t = Span / 20


b. One-end continuous : t = Span / 24
c. Both end continuous : t = Span / 28
d. Cantilever support : t = Span / 10

Note:
a) If fy 414 MPa, multiply the value of “t” by (0.40 + Fy / 690)
b) The value of the span length is the span to which the main reinforcement will
run.
c) Computed “t” from the equations should not be less than 75 mm.

3) The maximum spacing of main bars should not be greater than three (3) times the
slab thickness or 450 mm (18”) but not less than 100 mm.

S = (A0 / As) x b

where: S = spacing of main bars


b = 1m strip
Ao= cross sectional of the reinforcing bars
As = total area of main bars per unit strip of one meter

4) Area of temperature or shrinkage bar, At.

a) At = 0.0018bt ------ (for grade 60 steel: Fy = 414 MPa)


b) At = 0.0020bt ------ (for grade 40 and 50 steel: Fy= 276 MPa and
Fy = 345 MPa respectively)
c) At = 0.0018bt x 420 / Fy----- (for steel grade> 60)

5) The maximum spacing of temperature bars should not be greater than five times
the slab thickness nor 450, but not less than 100 mm

S = (Ao / A t) x (b)

Note: For grade steel > 60, the spacing S which is equal to 5t nor 500 mm.

6) Steel cover is 20mm.

7) Minimum size of main bars is 12-mm-diameter.

3.0 ACI MOMENT COEFFICIENTS

ACI Code includes expressions that may be used for the approximate calculation of
maximum moments and shears in continuous beams and one-way slab. The
expressions for moment take the form of a coefficient multiplied by 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑛2 where 𝑤𝑢 is
the total factored load per unit length on the span and 𝑙𝑛 is the clear span from face to
face of supports for [positive moment , or the average of the two adjacent clear spans
for negative moments . Shear is taken equal to coefficient multiplied by 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑛 ⁄2.
The ACI moment coefficients were derived by elastic analysis, considering alternative
placement of live load to yield maximum negative or positive moment at critical sections.
They are applicable within the following limitations:

a) There are two or more spans.


b) Spans are approximately equal, with the longer of two adjacent spans not greater
than the shorter by more than 20 percent.
c) Loads are uniformly distributed.
d) The unfactored live load does not exceed 3 times the unfactored dead load.
e) Members are prismatic.
Summary of ACI moment coefficients:

a) Beams with more than two spans

• Discontinuous end unrestrained: Spandrel : Column:

b) Beams with two spans only

• Discontinuous end unrestrained: Spandrel : Column


c) Slabs with spans not exceeding 3 meters(10 ft)

d) Beams in which the sum of column stiffness exceed 8 times the sum of beam
stiffness at each span

e) Maximum moment diagrams and moment envelope for a continuous beam:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) maximum positive moment; (b) maximum negative moment at left end; (c) maximum
negative moment at right end; (d) composite moment envelope

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