• All lab reports have to be maintained in a single file which has to bring in

every laboratory class.

Experiment 1: Familiarization with operating

system and installation process of Linux on
Windows.

Objective
The main objective of this experiment are as follows:

• To study on operating system.

• To learn how to install Linux operating system on windows 10.

Theory Overview
Operating System:

❖ An operating system is a software that acts as an intermediate between the hardware and
the user.
❖ It is a kind of resource manager that manages both hardware and software resources of a
system.
❖ It provides a platform where other application programs can be installed.

Components of Computer System:

A computer system can be divided into four components, which are as follows −

Hardware − The hardware is the physical part which we can touch and feel, the central processing
unit (CPU), the memory, and the input/output (I/O) devices are the basic computing resources of
a computer system.

Application programs − Application programs are user or programmer created programs like
compilers, database systems, games, and business programs that define the ways in which these
resources can be used to solve the computing problems of the users.

Users − There are different types of users like people, machines, and even other computers which
are trying to solve different problems.
Operating system − An operating system is the interface between the user and the machine which
controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the
various users.

Abstract View of OS:

Installation Process of Linux on Windows:

We will take a look at the step-by-step process of how to install Linux using VirtualBox on
Windows. Along with that, we will explain everything in plain language and provide screenshots
to help you along the way. So, without further ado, let’s get started!

We will be covering the following sections today:

 • Introduction
• Reasons to install Linux
• What is a VirtualBox?
• Process to Install Linux on Windows Using VirtualBox

Introduction

Just like Windows and MacOS, Linux is a type of operating system that was first introduced in the
early 1990s. It is an open-source system, where the source code is freely available for anyone to
use, modify, and distribute. This has led to a large and dedicated community of developers that
constantly work to improve and expand the capabilities of the Linux operating system.

Reasons to Install Linux

The following reasons facilitate the installation of Linux:

• Linux is an operating system that’s known for its stability, security, and customizability.
• It’s open-source, meaning that the source code is freely available for anyone to use, modify,
and distribute.
• Linux is less vulnerable to malware or viruses than Windows, making it a more secure
option for your computer.
• There are thousands of free and open-source software programs available for Linux, many
of which are as powerful as paid counterparts on Windows.
• Linux is highly customizable, allowing you to tailor your operating system to your specific
needs and preferences.
• Installing Linux can be a great learning experience, helping you gain a deeper
understanding of how operating systems work and how to navigate the command line.
• The Linux community is incredibly helpful and welcoming, providing a supportive
environment for new users and developers.
• Linux is used extensively in servers and other enterprise systems, making it a valuable skill
to have for IT professionals.
• By installing Linux, you can gain both stability and security of Windows and the flexibility
and customization of Linux – all on the same machine.
• There are many different “flavors” of Linux to choose from including own set of features
and tools, so you’re sure to find one that fits your needs.
What is a VirtualBox?

VirtualBox is a software that enables you to install and operate different operating systems on your
current operating system using the virtual machine concept. In other words, VirtualBox lets you
create a virtual machine, which is like having a separate computer running within your main
computer.

With VirtualBox, you can install and run different operating systems like Windows, Linux, and
MacOS, all within their own separate virtual machines. This means that you can run multiple
operating systems and applications on a single computer, without having to buy multiple machines
or set up complex dual-boot configurations.

VirtualBox is a free and open-source software meaning that the source code is freely available for
anyone to use, modify, and distribute. One of the great things about VirtualBox is that it allows
you to take snapshots of your virtual machines, which means that you can save a “snapshot” of
your virtual machine at a specific point in time. This allows you to easily restore your virtual
machine to that specific state if something goes wrong.

VirtualBox also supports a variety of features like virtual networking, which allows your virtual
machines to communicate with each other and with your main computer. It also supports USB
passthrough, which allows you to connect USB devices to your virtual machines.

If you wish to experiment with different operating systems, VirtualBox is definitely worth
checking out! Now, let us see how to install VirtualBox and use it to install Linux on your
Windows system.

Process to Install Linux on Your Windows Using VirtualBox

To do that, you only need two things:

• VirtualBox: Download it from here

Step 1: Once you have the VirtualBox downloaded, install it:

Click Next>:
Select the way in which you want features to be installed. Then, click Next>:

Click Install:
Click Finish:

Your VirtualBox is installed and ready to use!

Step 2: Provisioning a machine

Once VirtualBox is installed on your machine, start the program and you should see the VirtualBox
Manager window open.

In this screen you will see options to create and add VMs to VirtualBox, as well as any VMs you
have previously created.
Select the “New” button to create a new VM. The prompt will ask for a name for the VM, a file
path for where to save the VM files. There are options for the “type” of OS you would like to
install on your VM, such as Windows, macOS, or Linux. It will also ask for the “version” of the
OS you will install, such as Ubuntu or Debian.
For this tutorial, please select Linux for the “Type”, Ubuntu (64-bit) for the “Version”, and select
“Next”.

The following screen will ask to select the memory size to allocate for your machine. This will set
aside a certain amount of RAM on your host machine to be used for your VM when it is running.
Please allocate 1024 MB and select “Next”.
The next step is to create a virtual hard disk for your VM which is where files and programs will
be saved when operating your VM. Please select “Create a virtual hard disk now” and then click
the “Create” button.

You will then be prompted to select the type of hard disk file. Select “VDI (VirtualBox Disk
Image)” and click on “Next”.

Select whether the new virtual disk should be of a “fixed size” or dynamically allocate space as it
fills up. Select “Dynamically allocated” and click “Next”.
Then set the maximum size for the disk to store file data, and then click “Create” to finish provisioning
the VM.

VirtualBox will bring you back to the main screen where you can see your newly created VM.
In order to install an OS to a VM you will need to install the OS just like you would on a regular
computer. You’ll need to download a copy of the installation.
Installing the OS
Now you should have everything ready to install Ubuntu. From the VirtualBox Manager screen,
double click the VM you created on the left and a prompt will appear asking to select the start-up
disk. Use the dropdown menu to select the Ubuntu image that you downloaded in the previous step
and click “Start” to boot the VM.

VirtualBox will open a new window where you can see the display for your VM! From this point
on, all these instructions take place in the VirtualBox window loading Ubuntu.
The VM will boot to a welcome screen where you can select “Install Ubuntu” to start the
installation process. Follow the prompt to select your Keyboard Language. A normal
installation will include a number of apps and software whereas a minimal installation will only
include basic utilities and you can install your own as you go. We’ll use the normal installation for
this tutorial. You can check “Download updates” to update software packages as part of the
installation process.

In the next screen, select “Erase disk and install Ubuntu”. Don’t worry! This takes place inside
your VM and won’t affect your primary disk. Click “Install now” to continue. Ubuntu will prompt
you to select your location and create a username and password. Afterwards, the installation will
begin.

The installation can take a bit of time depending on your installation type and your internet speed:
When the installation finishes, restart the VM in order to use it:

After restarting the VM you can log into your account and use your Ubuntu machine! Since our
Ubuntu installation is completely contained within a VM, it’s practically impossible to screw up
your host computer.
Conclusion
Now you can feel free to play around, try out the programs, new commands, install random
software, and explore without fear of breaking anything. The only thing you can accidentally
impact is the VM but it can simply be deleted and reinstalled again!