12 Definitions 13 Types of Environment 1-4 Components of the Environment 1S Scope of Environmental Sudies 16 tpt (x) Sign of Bonne suis 1.7 Need for Public Awareness, 18 Eeolgy, 19 Bconystem, 1.10 Types of Ecosystem LL Sauce (or) Components of an Esosystem 1L12 Function of an Ecosystem... 1.13 Eneegy Flow in the Boosystems 1.14 Ecological Succession... +. LIS Biodiversy 116 Clasieaion (on) Levels (0) Type of Biodivesiy LIT Values of Biodiversity. 118 India ws Mepedversiy Nation. 1.19 Hocspots of Biodiversity. 1.20 Hot Spots of Biodeversity In India 1.21 Threats to Bioiversiy 122 Endangered and Endemic Species of Inia 1.23 Conservation of Biodiversity 124 Types (or) Suategy of Bisivesity Conservation... 1.25 Part B Questions. Ss 21 tnodssuon 22 Air Polation 23 Water Pollan 24 Sol Plluion 25 Noise Polluion i 216 Solid Waste Management (x) Wase Sad Management. 127 Hazandous Waste. 218 ¢ - Waste (eecrone Was) 129 Occupational Heath and Safety Management Sys (OHASMS). 2.10 Environmental Protection 2 ree ; at “hI Exergy Motagement and Conseton 42 New Energy Souces 33 Applications of Hydogen Enry 134 Applications of Osean Energy Reoaces 35 Applications of Tidal Envy Coaeson [36 Geothermal PowerPlant (GTE) 37 Pat B Questions Sena “41 Developene 42 GDP (Gross Derestc Product) 43 Susaoaily| 44 From Unvostaibiity to Ssaioiiy 415 Milles Development Goss 46 Sustanbity Pots 447 Stole Development9 Cue Sradicg «051-0 TTTISTET Tae dg sree wenn 4.31 +433 “43g 4.40 4.10 Carbon Cc 11 Carbon Footprint 4 i Environmental Management, 4.13 Case Studies «+ Part B Questions.» 1 Zero W 2 R Concept (ot) 3R Concept (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) 5.3 Circular Economy . -- 5.4 ISO 14000 Series .- Material Life Cycle Assessment... . : Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). .... Sustainable Habitat ......600600+ + Green Buildings. Green Materials... Energy Efficiency . . Sustainable Transport Sustainable Energy .. Non-conventional Sources (or) Renewable Energy Sources 5.14 Energy Cycles .. 5.15 Carbon Emission and Sequestration 5.16 Green Engineering. ............ 5.17 Sustainable Urbanization. . 5.18 Socio-economical Change on n Sustainable Urbanization 5.19 Part B Quest Pat A- G ons and Answers ..... Annexure (Tamil Meanings)esate? Exp nn We te aa 2 What is GDP? How Define _sustanabi ‘Zero waste is 2 set of principes, prevention, that encourages redesigning re fp that all products are reused, tbe differences between susteinsity sotusnciliy, 7 ses on concept, goal and alm of suing cps. The material should be reused unt reached, the optimum for continsaly working 3. To avoid sending trash to landfill, incinerators (or the ocean, 512 Concept The conservation of all the resources by means of sponsible production, consumption, reuse and recovery of Products, packaging and materials without bumiog and with %9 discharges to land, water (or) air that tzeaten ‘be [vironment (or) human health. = vironmental manag: the objectives and prineiplos of environmetl___Eironmental Selences and sue — ZERO waste fig. $1 Logo for zero waste cs of vero waste ne - way recyclable glass bottles, | 51.3 Principles of zero waste 1. Refuse what you don’t need: 1t prevents unwanted items from coming ino you home. 2, Reduce what you do use: Iti equal to less waste at the end. 3. Reuse whatever you can. 4. Recycle what you can't refuse (or) reduce 5. Regulate of what's let over: ‘Composting food scraps, paper pieces and woodtt (oe) bamboo toth brushes returns nutrients and fiber Fig, 82 Zero waste Hierarchy 514 Steps to achieve zero waste 1, Identify the high waste areas of our Know where to apply the principle of zero the waste cannot be removed ( Substitute single use plastic with ece-fendly zr) ‘waste options. Reuse, upeycle and re-purpose. 51.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of zero waste Advantages (or) Benefits Zero waste reduces our climate impactsptem oF nero waste itis TOUR 10 tpg a incl of rebacng waste, rowing ea cel sores ond products & ofn cad 3Re Wf he wage of raw materials are reduced, the eovton of wae also gets reduced. 2 ewe ‘Te refillable combines, ca be rewsed. (0) Rubber rings can be made f a can be made from the discarded oe bes which reduces the waste generation dine ‘manufacturing of rubber bands the discarded materials sn cans and las otles ae meted and vyeans and bots 4S cetlose inslton from Pape vepartio ff fuel pellets from Kitchen waste, pean af automobiles and contusion materials Peetel fem ress eves UNE SE, steals, and FedUCeS pollution. | 21 concept of 3A | sm conozps of 3R refers 0 ree, ese nd iy inthe topic of production and ase in thean So a a soi omarion 524 Advantages and disadvantages of 3 Fs ages (or) Benes of 3 Rs Redacegrenbouse gas emissions. ci) Saves energy. (Gi) Helps seta the environment for fa processing <0 ual of resultant product is Low cancutar ECONOMY ‘Gieular economy i a new production and nsampion model that ensures sustainable growth ONT eH reduces the consumption of raw materials and rev sor wastes By recycling (or) giving it a second Ife 1 ¢ new product 831 Aim (or) Purposeease 3 A esing the products extends thir ite cyte, 6, Recycle Waste product can be use ‘The products that are going 10 be dsceded, can be for nowy ses. 53.3 Necessary steps (7Rs) to achive a circular economy 1. Redesign Redesigning process consumes fewer raw materials cxtnds ther lifecycle and generates less waste 2, Reduce 1 we reduce consumption, waste generation and fam materials, impact on the environment ges rieize how their operations negatively af ronment tte ¢b) comply with applicable laws, regulations Steven orrted requirement ©) continually improve with above, [Environmental fmanagement. een bonds favironmenal janagement [Bivironmontal ‘management.Envirr a a Enviconmental SOLO recog eos ‘MATERIAL ed internationally amediate notice about the environmental ) imitations xuremely costly to implement if not done LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTTransportation, Distibaon, Usage and retail, Waste pos ead oft, LCA TUCA. is purely osed on internation seeped standart ;3 Disadvantages (or) Limitations LCA assesses the real world in a simplified mde ‘The assumptions, seeases and soope may vary | ce study to the oer Ieding (0 ileren LCA ea. ‘Variations in LCA. approaches and rel =y be 1s not easy to commnicte te mals of «LCA"Ne nis a aang ‘who is he pany Problems og 4. To identity why are the probions ae, 583. Benefits of EIA 1. Cost and time of the proce is reduces 2 Pecformance ofthe project is improved 5. Waste treatment and cesning eapeies we rinimise, 4, Usiges of resoures ae deeeused. 5. Biodivecsity i maintained. 6) SUSTAINABLE WABITAT sms o Susie fabio meats |i Rose 24 ty mane | rs wed in procs of UAExteel Soa op 13. Higher marae3 Relowate colton and eof compo 15, Overall health improvements, “ s92 characteristics of green mates ‘common characteris of green mtr se oy materials ace enor elie! pros, es nergy t 60 the same iowers energy cost and lesen potion __ ss we aly xm, erated again and 8 ucey wile piae ome Geet L } Detnision | Green materials also called ecofiendy matey lng construction materials that have a oth ce renewable ‘environment. ‘Doe to. the properties and reeyling, sie GHOWME crtera can be usd to idemify the ges5.9.3 Important green building Material Green building i eonstction that pr natural materials and renewable resource . These ae 8 Thee sta ixtue of natural ingrr ious tke i lime), It is cheap and a ney ete is dumble and fight yeight 4. Corks (Cork eames from oak trees), "eis very gon teal insulsto ad mold stay S Adobe brleks (brick made of clay Natual noise protection and po (can be easily eut and transformed) 6 Straw bale Easily renewable and cheap 7 Cond wood Affordable (cheap and easy construction efficieay, q i t Bart bags (or) sand hags ‘wally sourced and provide natal inslton 5 Myectium (or) mushroom roots Song acd iin weighe eneray 5.10.1 Methods of achieving | efficiency : Energy effceney cat methods coved by te Following (Alternative waste meat10d ke efficient constrvetion Energy efficiency Ln ee attion cost is lowing relation Eoeryetficeney SUERY OM coer apt eos Mat BE cutonbi fic oF n= See 0 5.10.3 Advantages (or) Be Advantages (or) Benefits of enany fers 10 amy a Ses eam (a unsporaton the fu construction is. environmentally oes ot emi nei it hat ean inlat bus hes emisions 7 mes higher thn te Spohn The main See th at a se gh occ m lectrification itrneatin is the OS Important pathy to lw ecto taspor 4 Pedal power ieytes reduces the carbon emissions, iy, 58 Stabe raport ; Ie is a huge opportunity for transport contributes to reduction ia therefore t Followings are steps for promoting. sustainable spo. 1. Enhancing public transportation: kis not only loss polluting mean but also promoting HSE [Ry improving fuel economy we can got while generating fewer emissions. It is achieved PY Teleworking: Kt reduces empl therefore their carbon food print5114 Advantages and Disadvantag sustainable transport - @ SusTAIHABLE BHLERGY pst the i ae ener 8 the ney whch mad the Sten ions compromising the ab ett ot Orin to meet thet gl’ at ats rir own needs. rion be encouraged deh 04 cae any son ment and is avaiable wiely at fee gyn Sources of sustainable energy yallowings are the sustainable every sources as pe subte and available in plenty _ 1. Wind energy. 2. Solar energy. 5, Ocean energy.ie smey are used in remote ates whee ees : tl eeicy rey * problem. sone! ae : si pea calc consist of man materials like ek cof) materials Tike lass, which can absorb) oie ae 1d places, where houses are heat collector we itis generally use set in bot coition usingflow in, which gets heated % and f, lowe fank water jg 6.13.2 Wind energy ‘Moving air is called wind. Ener the force of the wind is called wis ae Posse by wind is Beem of is hgh ead oD Wid snes is amessed by making use of wind mine ee ott. Tea wero mcs aoe Pig. 5.12 Wind mill | Oe aE a 0 It does not cause any air pollution. is very cheap. 9.13.3 Ocean energy ‘cean can also be used for generating energy inthe folowing ways 1. Tidal energy (or) Tita! power Cowan tides, produced by gravitational foes of som and moon, contain enormous amount of ewes. Te ‘ab ‘tide’ and “low tide? refer to the rise and fall of water iaFig, 14 Geothermal Ener he high temperature present inside the {th ced gehermal cry The temperatre Aiference should be of 20°C (a) ‘Teguited between surface water and deeper nae, voter (os aural (oe) aia eevee # NEP Ga gem o pierga [ants Meftanel om be ely cine tom jw ee™ ga-containing plants. is caloric vale is Cao! (09 Se compared to gasoline and diese CGasohol is @ mixture of enol + gusaline is being caried out to use Gasohol in can electrolysis of water. It posess high ‘non -polluking, because the combustion at wastes in the presence atte of ence Of Wate, 2H +0, —> 280+ 15010 Disadvantages of hydrogen fuel 1. Hydrogen is highly inflammable and explosive j= andling is required ficult to store and transport, rr(©H,0),+0, 9003140 a ey BE sine of the carton that snot elemsed a a Ss os tn ena eek of green house gases | ne atmosphere over 6 pec | classified |) Stasionary combustion val fuels that produce GHG: 0) Mobile combustion int ecicies owned by Sem, busing = ‘Example: cars, vans, trucks (0) Fugitive emissions aa eas om grown base ws CHOY IK Refrigeration, sis-consitioning oS (@) Process emissions: veces ae fromm instal reeoie ae a GREEN ENGINEERING 1 Definition Gren engineering the dvgn, of processes and. produc, net ty and pollution, promoter sustainably and pitt Mining, death without affecting environment 5162 Examples for green enginering 1, Biodegradable cups and straws, He hee 5163 Goal of green engineering ‘+ Dsseate inthe amount of pollution tht is generied by a constton. 7% Minimization of lnunan population exposue 1 Potent hazards (reducing toxicity) matter and energy thoughout ke of the preduct. > @ cis ll be nd priion opt a ta ‘minimize energy consumption and a ses and systems must be designed 10 se, ery, ace ad tne efi. ata) eas ‘must be viewed as an investment wien sod Material diversity in muli-compooest_ odaJe urbenization groom entitatons (or) ctesdvantagey a eaistairat sen ic, ‘een engineering “ae ea Te : tannin Ti ‘plement eaioorentheonesied a ad eae wi ta nny pan te Ge enya at 2 se we NSE MEY BO OU of bun, ‘ine eo! of fetid reaalry fae werk ante, ToL penting tat ea ae uy ren Implemestation | a3) sustamanie URBANIZATION | Uianizaton iste “fom S171 Rules to develop @ Sustainable urbanizationSustainable urbaniza 3 Advantages ang 3. Provides beter eduestion, 4 Get better housing. More tourist attractions, More paces to shop in urban ares, Disadvantages Over crowing in urban areas, Buying a house might be a challenge, Decline in rural are, ‘Too much exime oceurs in urban ata ‘Unemployment problem is more Cost of living is higher. ICAL CHANGE On $2 AE URBANIZATION many averse effects on the yamiation bis aN enrations of people compete for inte 0 7 and benevolence overtime ad ak cfectiveness eres the of industial sce ineSues Cf hans eee eel 3. What is R concept? Explain its advantages and disadvantages of R cor 1 Explain various say lar economy, seties? List ou ay 5 | merits and demerits 7. What is Tife eycle assessment? Explain the yao steps involved in life cycle assessment 8. What is environmental impact assessment? Exp the objectives and ben . abitat? Explain its charactessis What is green 1g? Explain its orteris #8 12, Explain the princi Features, al components, esi Gemeis of ques nest usta ite notes O0 is enersy Explain methods of efficiency? How to eau it sm atantages and saan of cogy jple anspor? Expin te hey ye transport. ble energy? Explain advataes ant ges of it ‘non-conventional sures of emery cycle? Explain the carbon cyl wit emission? Explain is ges an