Kubernetes Architecture 1

Kubernetes Tool
------------------------
Google created this kubernetes.

It is a opensource tool.
Pre-requisite is docker.
k8s -- 8 letters between k and s
It is a container orchestration tool.
Kubernetes creates cluster, deploy and manage clusters. ( Clusters are nothing but
group of containers )
By using kubernetes we form a cluster

K8S schedules, runs and managers isolated containers.- Images or Folders
Convert isolated containers running on different hardwares into a cluster.

hardwares with the networking like TCP, IP, HTTP, HTTPS, SSH
In AWS we have a service EKS ( Elastic kuberneters service )
Features of kubernetes - Paas

---------------------------------
1) Orchestration ( clustering any no of containers on different hardwares)
2) Auto scaling
3) Auto healing ( new containers in place of crashed containers
similar to handling failover scenarios in docker
swarm )
4) load balancing - 4 load balancers
5) rollback ( going to previous versions )
Kubernetes Architecture
-------------------------------
Cluster is combination of 1 master and multiple nodes.
Pod is atomic unit of deployment in kubernetes.
Pod consists of one or more docker containers.

Pod runs on node.
Node is controlled by Kubernets master
Kubernetes does not understand containers.

Kubernetes can understand only pods.
In this diagram , we have one master and one node.

node is also called minion.
Kubernetes master is also called as control plane.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Containerization Orchestration Containerization
----------- ------------------
Dockerswarm ----------------------------> Docker
Kubernetes ------------------------------- Docker / XYZ
DOCKER SWARM : It is a container orchestration tool for clustering and scheduling

docker containers.
Master contains 4 components/ services

1) kube api server
2) kube scheduler
3) controller manager ( acutal state = desired state )
4) etcd - Cluster store
As a devops engineer you create a yaml file ( .yml ) file
What this yaml file contains?
1) No of nodes you want?

2) Each node should have how many pods
3) Each pod should contain how many containers
All the above information will be available in yaml file.

This file is also called manifest file.
This document should be provided to kuberneted master.
+++++++++
kube api server acts like a receptionist.
It receives the yaml file and pass the request to kube scheduler.
++++++++
kube scheduler will take the action.
So kube scheduler will create pods and containers.
++++++++
What is etcd?
Etcd is also called cluster store.
It has the information of the complete cluster.
It is used to store the data of master, node and containers.

Data is stored in key-value pair.
+++++++++++
What is controller manager?
It is responsibile to make sure that the actual state is same as desired state.
These four components together called as control plane. ( KUBERNETES MASTER IS
ALSO CALLED AS CONTROL PLANE )
++++++++++
Kubernetes node
---------------
Node container 3 components

1) kubelet
2) kube-proxy
3) container engine - Docker
Kubelet -- is also called as agent, as it listenes to kubernetes master.

kube-scheduler component communicates to kubelet.
kubelet communicates to container engine ( docker ) so that containers

are created.
Note: Containers are created in pods
kube proxy --
It will provide IP Address to pod.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Kubernetes Terminology
------------------------
In docker Swarm, Manager machine takes the load.
In Kubernetes Manager is called as Master.
Kubernetes master does not take up the load.
It only distributes load to slaves/ nodes.
Nodes are also called Minion.

Minions combined together is called as cluster.
Smallest Object that kubernetes can create is pod.
Within the pod, we have the container.
Kubernetes commands are always triggered using kubectl.
Kubernetes introduced on June 2014 by Google.
To practice Kubernetes on AWS , we have a service EKS ( Elastic Kubernetes

Service )
To practice Kubernetes on Azure , we have a service AKS ( Azure Kubernetes
Service )
To practice Kubernetes on GCP , we have a service GKE ( google Kubernetes engine )
AWS, is expensive
Freeways to work on kubernetes is katakoda
Goto https://www.katacoda.com/
Learn --- --- Kubernetes Introduction -- Start Course
-- Launch Multinode cluster -- Start Scenario
Login using gmail
Step 1: Initialise Master

Run kubeadm init command ( just click on it )
We need to copy configuration files to home directory and change ownership.
Run sudo cp command.
Continue
Step 2: Deploy Container networking Interface

Run the three commands
cat , kubectl apply, kubectl get pod
Continue
Step 3:
Run
kubeadm token list
kubeadm join ( this will create slave )
Continue
Step 4:
Run
kbectl get nodes
You can see one controlplane and one node
We have one more site

https://labs.play-with-k8s.com/
using which we can practice Kubernetes.
But, both the options will be slow.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
We learn kuberntes on GCP, as AWS is expensive.
Sign up to GCP account using gmail credentials. ( Free trial comes with USD 300 )
https://cloud.google.com/
Sign in using gmail
Click on console
You will enter into google cloud platform console
Navigation Menu --- Kubernetes Engine -- Clusters -- Create cluster -- Create
Observation: Cluster size is 3
By default, it creates 3 node cluster.
Master Machine is not provided as alinux server.

It is given as a service.
As it is a service, it never fail.
So, we do not need to worry about master.
To connect to the cluster

-------------------------------
In GCP, Cloud Shell is the terminal, used to connect to the cluster.
kubectl get nodes ( we can see the nodes )
After practice, Delete the cluster.

Next day, we can create the cluster again.
-----------------------
Kuberntes uses various types of objects.
1 Pod: This is a layer of abstraction on top of a container. This is the smallest

object that kubernetes can work on. In the pod, we have the container. kubectl
commands will work on the pod and pod communicates there instructions to the
container.
2. Service Object: This is used for port mapping and network load balancing.-
Protocol & port number ?
3. NameSpace: This is used for creating partitions in the cluster. Pods running in
a namespace cannot communicate with other pods running in other namespace.
4. Secrets: This is used for passing encrypted data to the pods. - Encryption ?
5. ReplicaSet / Replication COntroller: This is used for managing multiple replicas

of a pod to perform activities like load balancing and autoscaling.
6. Deployment: This is used for performing all activites that a ReplicaSet can do.
It can also handle rolling updates.

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Kubernetes Tool

Google created this kubernetes.

k8s -- 8 letters between k and s

It is a container orchestration tool.

By using kubernetes we form a cluster

Convert isolated containers running on different hardwares into a cluster.

In AWS we have a service EKS ( Elastic kuberneters service )

Features of kubernetes - Paas

5) rollback ( going to previous versions )

Cluster is combination of 1 master and multiple nodes.

Pod is atomic unit of deployment in kubernetes.

Pod consists of one or more docker containers.

Kubernetes does not understand containers.

In this diagram , we have one master and one node.

DOCKER SWARM : It is a container orchestration tool for clustering and scheduling

Master contains 4 components/ services

As a devops engineer you create a yaml file ( .yml ) file

What this yaml file contains?

1) No of nodes you want?

All the above information will be available in yaml file.

This document should be provided to kuberneted master.

It is used to store the data of master, node and containers.

Node container 3 components

Kubelet -- is also called as agent, as it listenes to kubernetes master.

kubelet communicates to container engine ( docker ) so that containers

In docker Swarm, Manager machine takes the load.

In Kubernetes Manager is called as Master.

Kubernetes master does not take up the load.

It only distributes load to slaves/ nodes.

Nodes are also called Minion.

Smallest Object that kubernetes can create is pod.

Within the pod, we have the container.

Kubernetes commands are always triggered using kubectl.

Kubernetes introduced on June 2014 by Google.

To practice Kubernetes on AWS , we have a service EKS ( Elastic Kubernetes

Login using gmail

Step 1: Initialise Master

We need to copy configuration files to home directory and change ownership.

Run sudo cp command.

Step 2: Deploy Container networking Interface

kubeadm join ( this will create slave )

We have one more site

using which we can practice Kubernetes.

But, both the options will be slow.

Master Machine is not provided as alinux server.

To connect to the cluster

kubectl get nodes ( we can see the nodes )

After practice, Delete the cluster.

Kuberntes uses various types of objects.

1 Pod: This is a layer of abstraction on top of a container. This is the smallest

5. ReplicaSet / Replication COntroller: This is used for managing multiple replicas

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