Arrowroot Farming in Kenya 2024: Techniques, Successes, and Overcoming Challenges

Arrowroot farming in Kenya a journey through the soil-rich lands, buzzing with the promise of green gold! As
we enter 2024, this humble yet mighty tuber has become a beacon of economic potential, turning heads and
sparking interest among farmers and investors alike. But what exactly makes arrowroot farming such a hot
topic in Kenya today? Is it the alluring promise of bountiful yields, the whispers of lucrative markets, or the
sheer resilience of this crop in the face of changing climatic conditions?

This blog post delves deep into the world of arrowroot farming in Kenya. From the rich, loamy soils of the
highlands to the innovative technologies reshaping traditional farming practices, we'll explore every nook and
cranny of this fascinating agricultural venture. Our journey will uncover the secrets of successful arrowroot
cultivation, the challenges and triumphs Kenyan farmers face, and the myriad of opportunities this crop
presents in the current year. So, buckle up and join us on this enlightening ride as we unearth everything
there is to know about arrowroot farming in Kenya in 2024!

The Basics of Arrowroot Farming in Kenya

What is Arrowroot?

Arrowroot, a term that resonates with simplicity yet embodies a world of nutritional wealth, is more than just
a tuber. It's a perennial plant known for its starchy rhizomes, a cherished delicacy, and a source of gluten-free
flour. In Kenya, this plant, scientifically termed 'Maranta arundinacea,' has found a nurturing home, thriving
in the country's diverse agro-ecological zones. Arrowroot's versatility extends beyond the kitchen; it's a
symbol of sustenance, representing a shift towards more nutritious and sustainable food choices.
Why Arrowroot is Popular in Kenya

But why has arrowroot captured the hearts of Kenyan farmers? The answer lies in its resilience and
adaptability. Arrowroot can withstand diverse climatic conditions, making it a reliable crop for farmers
battling the unpredictability of weather patterns. Furthermore, its growing demand in both local and
international markets as a health food adds to its allure. Nutritionally rich and easy to digest, arrowroot finds
favor among health-conscious consumers, further fueling its popularity.

Key Regions for Arrowroot Farming in Kenya

Kenya, with its tapestry of landscapes, offers varied regions where arrowroot flourishes. Traditionally, areas
like Kisii, Muranga, and parts of the Western region have been the strongholds of arrowroot farming. These
regions, blessed with fertile soils and favorable climates, have become synonymous with high-quality
arrowroot production. However, the adaptability of arrowroot means that its cultivation is not just limited to
these areas. With the right techniques, this crop can thrive in other regions as well, broadening its presence
across the Kenyan agricultural landscape.

Starting an Arrowroot Farm

Selecting the Right Land and Soil Type

Embarking on arrowroot farming begins with choosing the right piece of land. This crop prospers in well-
drained, fertile soils rich in organic matter. Ideal pH levels range from 5.5 to 6.5, striking a balance that allows
for optimal nutrient uptake. While traditionally grown near riverbanks and swampy areas, innovations in
farming have enabled arrowroot to grow in a variety of soil types, expanding its cultivation possibilities.

Essential Farming Equipment and Inputs

To start, one needs basic farming tools like hoes, spades, and watering cans. However, the scale of farming
dictates the extent of equipment needed. For large-scale farmers, more sophisticated machinery for land
preparation and irrigation might be necessary. Organic manure is a preferred input to maintain soil health,
and mulching is crucial for moisture retention, especially in drier areas.

Step-by-Step Guide to Planting Arrowroot

1. Land Preparation: Begin by clearing the land and ensuring it is free of weeds. For optimal growth, the
soil should be loosened to a depth of about 30cm.

2. Choosing Suckers: Select healthy, disease-free suckers. The sucker is the planting material, and its
health is pivotal to the success of the crop.

3. Planting: Dig holes about 6-10 inches deep, spacing them appropriately for sufficient growth room.
Plant the suckers in these holes and cover lightly with soil. Consistent moisture is key, so water the
plants regularly.

4. Maintenance: Regular weeding and application of manure will promote healthy growth. Also, be
vigilant for pests and diseases, which can be managed organically or through approved pesticides.
Advanced Techniques and Success Stories

Upland Arrowroots Technology

In the realm of arrowroot farming, the traditional approach has predominantly been cultivation near
riverbanks or swampy areas. However, the advent of upland arrowroots technology has revolutionized this
practice. This method involves planting arrowroots in trenches lined with polythene to conserve moisture.
The soil-manure mixture, in a ratio of 2:1, fills these trenches. This innovation not only allows farming in less
water-logged areas but also enhances productivity by controlling moisture levels, crucial for arrowroot
growth. It's a leap towards sustainable farming, opening new avenues for arrowroot cultivation in non-
traditional areas, especially significant in the face of global warming and drying river valleys.

Dryland Arrowroot Farming

Kenya's agricultural landscape is witnessing another groundbreaking shift with dryland arrowroot farming.
This technique is particularly beneficial in semi-arid areas, where water scarcity poses a significant challenge.
The approach focuses on using fortified arrowroot suckers capable of thriving with minimal moisture. These
suckers, once planted and covered with mulch, efficiently reduce moisture loss, thereby adapting to drier
climates. This method is not just a testament to agricultural innovation but also a beacon of hope for farmers
in arid regions, offering a viable crop option amidst challenging environmental conditions.

Agroecology Practices in Arrowroot Farming

Agroecology, a sustainable farming approach, is making its mark in arrowroot cultivation. This practice
involves minimal use of synthetic inputs, relying instead on ecological processes and biodiversity. In
arrowroot farming, this translates to the use of organic manures, natural pest control methods, and water
conservation techniques. Agroecology not only enhances the quality and health benefits of the arrowroots
but also ensures the long-term sustainability of farming practices.

Success Stories in Arrowroot Farming

Case Study: Small-Scale Farmers

Let's turn to the inspiring story of a small-scale farmer in Kisii. Starting with just a few hundred plants, this
farmer embraced innovative methods like upland technology and agroecology. Over the years, their
dedication resulted in a thriving arrowroot farm, now spanning several acres. The success lies not just in the
expanded plantation but also in the increased yield and quality of arrowroots, fetching better prices in the
market. This story exemplifies how embracing modern techniques and persistence can transform a modest
start into a profitable venture.

Case Study: Large-Scale Commercial Farming

On the other end of the spectrum, a large-scale farmer from Muranga presents a different success narrative.
With an initial investment in thousands of arrowroot plants, they utilized advanced farming techniques,
including mechanized land preparation and precision irrigation. The farm, managed with a professional
approach, turned into a commercial success, supplying large quantities of high-quality arrowroots to both
local and international markets. This case illustrates the potential of arrowroot farming when scaled up and
managed with a focus on efficiency and market demands.
Frequently Asked Questions

How do you ensure optimal growth and yield in arrowroot farming?

 To achieve the best results, focus on selecting high-quality suckers, maintaining proper soil health,
and ensuring consistent moisture. Regular weeding and organic pest control are essential. Also,
consider innovative farming techniques like upland and dryland methods to adapt to different
environmental conditions.

Is arrowroot farming a profitable venture in Kenya?

 Absolutely! Arrowroot farming can be highly lucrative, especially with the growing demand for
healthy, gluten-free foods. By employing effective farming methods and tapping into both local and
international markets, farmers can realize significant returns on their investment. The key is to
combine quality production with strategic marketing.

What does the future hold for arrowroot farming in Kenya?

 The future looks bright for arrowroot farming, with trends pointing towards increased demand,
innovative farming practices, and greater market access. Climate-smart agriculture and value addition
are expected to play pivotal roles in shaping the future of this crop.

Arrowroot farmers in Kenya can now double their yields, thanks to a new high-yielding and fast-maturing
variety from Rwanda that has an average yield of 3 tonnes per acre in just six months. The variety is available
at Kalro, Thika. This is good news to farmers who are currently harvesting an average of 1.68 tonnes of
arrowroots from the same size of land in eight months.

The hybrid variety requires less water compared to the traditional one, which is popular in the Kenyan
market hence can survive in semi-arid regions.

However, there is a sudden high demand for the tuber in the country due to increased health consciousness.
Arrowroot leaves are rich in vitamins and minerals.

They are a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, iron, phosphorus, and zinc, and a very good source of Vitamin
B6, Vitamin C, niacin, potassium, copper, and manganese. Arrowroot corms are very high in starch, and are a
good source of dietary fiber.

One acre of upland arrowroots technology grown tubers will accommodate 29,333 plants, which will yield
29,333 tubers sold at Sh 20 each, which translates to Sh 586,660 gross income.

Technology

Arrowroots are traditionally grown along the river valleys and on wet areas. With the upland arrowroots
technology, they can now be grown away from river valleys.

This innovative farming method can contribute greatly to food and income security, while helping in climate
adaptation, bearing in mind many river valleys have dried up due to global warming.

Upland arrowroots technology involves planting the crop in trenches lined with polythene paper and filled
with soil manure mixture at a ratio of 2:1.
Planting trenches are spaced at 0.5m. In this technology, crop and water management is done when avoiding
stepping on the trench while weeding to prevent compaction.

Tubers grown using upland technology require ample moisture throughout the growing season and
therefore, irrigation is required once per week. Soil pH of 5.5 to 6.5 is favorable.

How to plant Arrow Roots and manage it

 Remove all weeds along the designated area and dig a straight trench, 1m wide and 60cm deep.

 Remove top soil (40cm) and subsoil (20cm) put them in separate side of the trench, put the
polythene sheet to line the trench.

 Mix the top soil with manure and return the mixture in the trench leaving a depression of about
10cm, then wet to saturation.

 Plant the suckers in a spacing of 30cm by 30cm inserting the plant up to 20cm.

 Spacing between beds should be 0.5m

 Mulch the area when planting during the dry spell and water once a week to maintain wetness. Old
and dry leaves should be removed regularly and corms are ready to harvest between six to eight
months.

 Finally, ensure the trench soil is always moist and should be watered on a weekly basis. Weeding
should also be done frequently.

Maturity index

When mature, the leaves start shrinking. At that time of harvest, ensure the soil is moist to prevent breakage
of the root tubers while uprooting. The arrowroots are now ready for the market.

Advantages of upland technology (mesophytes)

Security of the harvest is guaranteed since the crop can be grown on a normal farm. It curbs damage from
floods and production is throughout the year and easy to enrich the soils by adding manure and making the
trenches. With good management, there is higher yield since more suckers are produced and there is low
labor requirement.

Varieties which can withstand conditions like those of mesophytes

Eddoe type has small tubers and this is best for upland technology due to its productivity in low water. On
the other hand, the Dasheen type has large tubers. It is reported that currently, a piece of Eddoe arrowroot is
retailing at Sh80 while the Dasheen variety, which is a little larger is going for Sh100 in various markets in
Nairobi. Just like Eddoe variety which can do well away from river bed, this hybrid variety has thin small
leaves and deep roots to minimize on water use.