2/2/24, 8:54 PM Python Basic_Day1 - Jupyter Notebook

Python Basic by Mrittika Megaraj

Introduction to Python
Code : To write codes
Markdown : To write formatted text
Raw NBConvert : To write unformatted text
Jupyter Notebook : One editor where you can write codes, formatted text,
unformatted text, create charts and graphs etc
Esc + DD : To delet the cell
Run the cell : shift + enter
​

In [1]: print('Hello Everyone')

Hello Everyone

In [2]: print("Hi Today I am learning Python")

Hi Today I am learning Python

Variables
In Python, variables are used to store values that can be referenced and
manipulated within a program. Variables in Python are dynamically typed,
which means you don't need to explicitly declare their types. Here's an
explanation of variables and the commonly used data types in Python:
​
Variable Naming: To create a variable, you need to choose a name that
follows certain rules. Variable names can contain letters (a-z, A-Z),
digits (0-9), and underscores (_), but they cannot start with a digit.
Additionally, Python is case-sensitive, so myVar and myvar would be
considered different variables.
​
Assigning Values: To assign a value to a variable, use the assignment
operator =. For example:
​
my_var = 10

Datatypes
Str : Any combination of alphabets, numbers and special characters
int : whole numbers both positive as well as negative including 0
float : decimal numbers
Bool : True /False
type() function : To check the datatype

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variables : containers that hold some value

In [3]: type("Hello")

Out[3]: str

In [4]: type(123)

Out[4]: int

In [5]: type(12.34)

Out[5]: float

In [6]: type(True)

Out[6]: bool

In [7]: type("123.45")

Out[7]: str

In [8]: type("true")

Out[8]: str

In [9]: x=10

In [10]: x

Out[10]: 10

In [11]: type(x)

Out[11]: int

In [12]: student_name="John"

In [13]: type(student_name)

Out[13]: str

In [14]: print("Student name is ",student_name)

Student name is John

Operators
Arithmatic operators : +,-,/,*,%(modulus),**
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Relational operators/Comparison operator : >,>=,<,<=,==,!=
Assignment operator : =
Increment/Decrement operator : +=,-=

In [15]: 12/5

Out[15]: 2.4

In [16]: 12%5

Out[16]: 2

In [17]: 5**3

Out[17]: 125

In [18]: 2==5

Out[18]: False

In [19]: Age=25

In [20]: Age

Out[20]: 25

In [21]: Age-=5

In [22]: Age-=1

In [23]: Age

Out[23]: 19

input () function : To accept values from users

No matter what user enter, it will be always stored as string
Casting function : int() : It will convert the string to integer

In [24]: student_name=input("Please enter your name")

print("Your name is",student_name)

Please enter your nameMrittika

Your name is Mrittika

In [25]: Age=int(input("Please enter your age"))

print("Your age is",Age)

Please enter your age21

Your age is 21

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In [26]: type(student_name)

Out[26]: str

In [27]: type(Age)

Out[27]: int

Conditionals
if else statement : Conditional
if condtion
else
nested if
elif : To check multiple conditions

In [28]: # program to check voting eligibility

age=int(input("Please enter your age"))
if age>=21:
print("You are eligible to vote")
else:
print("You are not eligible to vote")

Please enter your age21

You are eligible to vote

In [29]: age=input("Please enter your age")

if age.isdigit():
if int(age)>=21:
print("You are eligible to vote")
else:
print("You are not eligible to vote")
else :
print("Invalid input")

Please enter your age14

You are not eligible to vote

In [30]: # program to assign a grade on the basis of marks

marks=int(input("Please enter your marks"))
if marks>=90:
print("Your Grade is A")
elif marks>=80:
print("Your Grade is B")
elif marks>=70:
print("Your Grade is C")
else:
print("Your Grade is D")

Please enter your marks90

Your Grade is A

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Loops
While loop
break : To terminate the loop
for loop

In [31]: # program to print numbers from 1 to 10

x=1
while x<=10:
print(x)
x+=1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

In [32]: # Program to guess a correct no

correct_no =7
x=1
while x<=3:
num=int(input("Please enter a no between 1 and 10"))
if num==correct_no:
print("Congratulations !! You have won a jackpot")
break
else:
x+=1

Please enter a no between 1 and 1010

Please enter a no between 1 and 1010
Please enter a no between 1 and 105

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In [33]: # Program to count no of vowels and consonants in the word

word=input("Please enter a word")
vowel=0
consonants=0
for i in word:
if i in ("a","e","i","o","u"):
vowel+=1
else:
consonants+=1
print("No of vowels are",vowel)
print("No of consonants are",consonants)

Please enter a wordMrittika

No of vowels are 3
No of consonants are 5

String Slicing
Positive Index : 0
Negative Index : -1
String slicing : string[start:Stop:Step]
it stop at stop -1 index
default start index : 0
default stop index : last index
default step : 1

In [34]: word="Acknowledgement"

In [35]: word[1]

Out[35]: 'c'

In [36]: word[-2]

Out[36]: 'n'

In [37]: word[0:4]

Out[37]: 'Ackn'

In [38]: word[3:8]

Out[38]: 'nowle'

In [39]: word[:4]

Out[39]: 'Ackn'

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In [40]: word[3:]

Out[40]: 'nowledgement'

In [41]: word[:]

Out[41]: 'Acknowledgement'

In [42]: word[::2]

Out[42]: 'Akoldeet'

In [43]: word[::-1]

Out[43]: 'tnemegdelwonkcA'

Importing a file
In [44]: !curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MicrosoftLearning/intropython/maste

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time C

urrent
Dload Upload Total Spent Left S
peed

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--

0
100 56 100 56 0 0 125 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--
126

Opening a Local File in read mode

poem_file = open('poem1.txt', 'r')
Read mode 'r'
MODE and Description
'r'-read only mode
'w'-write - overwrites file with same name
'r+'-read and write mode
'a'-opens for appending to end of file
open() creates an object that can be addressed in python code

In [45]: poem=open('poem1.txt','r')

In [46]: poem_read=poem.readlines()

In [47]: type(poem_read)

Out[47]: list

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In [48]: print(poem)

<_io.TextIOWrapper name='poem1.txt' mode='r' encoding='cp1252'>

In [49]: print(poem_read)

['Loops I repeat\n', 'loops\n', 'loops\n', 'loops\n', 'I repeat\n', 'unti

l I\n', 'break\n']

In [50]: poem.close()

In [51]: for i in poem_read:

print(i)

Loops I repeat

loops

loops

loops

I repeat

until I

break

In [52]: # [ ] define and call a function short_rhyme() that prints a 2 line rhyme
def short_rhyme():
print("Roses are red,")
print("Violets are blue.")
​
# Call the function
short_rhyme()
​

Roses are red,

Violets are blue.

# [ ] define (def) a simple function: title_it() and call the function

# - has a string parameter: msg
# - prints msg in Title Case

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In [54]: def title_it(msg):

print(msg.title())
​
# Call the function
message = "hello, world!"
title_it(message)
​

Hello, World!

# [ ] get user input with prompt "what is the title?"

# [ ] call title_it() using input for the string argument

In [55]: def title_it(msg):

print(msg.title())
​
# Get user input
user_input = input("What is the title? ")
​
# Call the function using user input
title_it(user_input)
​

What is the title? sherlock holmes

Sherlock Holmes

# [ ] define title_it_rtn() which returns a titled string instead of

printing
# [ ] call title_it_rtn() using input for the string argument and print
the result

In [56]: def title_it_rtn(msg):

return msg.title()
​
# Get user input
user_input = input("What is the title? ")
​
# Call the function and print the result
result = title_it_rtn(user_input)
print(result)
​

What is the title? sherlock holmes

Sherlock Holmes

In [ ]: ​

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