VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belgavi-590018

Report On

“SOCIAL CONNECT & RESPONSIBILITIES”

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted By

NAME: Kavya A
USN:1EP21IS038
Semester and Section: 3rd Semester and Section “ A”

Under the Guidance Of

Ashok Kumar K G
Associate Professor

Department of Information Science and Engineering

Approved by AICTE New Delhi | Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi,
Virgo Nagar, Bengaluru-560049
 Topic: Plantation and Adaptation of Trees

Plantation and Adaptation of Trees: Plantation of a tree that will be

adopted for four years by a group of B.Tech. students. They will also
make an excerpt either as a documentary or a photoblog describing the
plant’s origin, its usage in daily life, and its appearance in folklore and
literature.

NAME OF THE STUDENT : Kavya A

USN NO : 1EP21IS038

SEM / SEC : 3rd SEM ‘A’

NAME OF THE FACULTY MENTOR : MR. Ashok Kumar KG

SUBMISSION : 7th April 2023

PLACE VISITED : Village.

AGENDA

 Importance of Plantation.
 Benefits of Planting Trees.
 Afforestation.
 Deforestation.
 Environmental and Economical Effects.
 Plant Adaptations.

Signature of the
Faculty Mentor
 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE &
ENGINEERING
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi) Bangalore-560049

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the SOCIAL CONNECT & RESPONSIBILITIES (21SCR36) entitled
“PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF TREES” is a bonafied work carried out by
Kavya bearing USN 1EP21IS038, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of
Engineering in Information Science and Engineering under Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the year 2022-23. It is certified that all the
corrections/suggestions indicated in the Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
report and submitted in the department library. This Project Report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Social Connect & Responsibilities
(21SCR36) prescribed for the award of the said degree.

GUIDE HOD PRINCIPAL

Prof. Ashok Kumar, Dr. Lingaraju G M, Dr. Yogesh G S,
Assistant Professor. Head of the Department, Principal.
Dept of ISE.

Examiners
Name of the Examiners Signature with date

1.

2.
 Plantation
Plantation is an estate where cash crops are grown on a large
scale. Plantations are typically large tracts of land, especially
in tropical countries, where crops such as rubber, coffee,
tea, and sugarcane are grown.

Plantation farming is the practice of clearing large swathes

of forest land and planting the desired crops as many times as
possible on those cleared acres.

Importance of Tree Plantation

A tree is the best friend of man on earth.” When we use trees respectfully
and economically, we have one of the greatest resources on earth. Trees are
rightfully called the 'lungs of the earth.' Life on earth would cease to exist in
the absence of trees. Trees are responsible for sustaining the environment in
several ways. Trees release life-supporting oxygen and absorb harmful
gases like carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. They act as
sponges by taking in toxic emissions and other pollutants, released into the
atmosphere by industries and vehicles. The roots of trees bind the soil
together thereby preventing erosion. The blatant and increased rate of
deforestation is the primary cause of landslides. In addition to being the
bearers of delicious fruits, trees are the natural habitat of several species of
animals, birds, and insects. Thus, the destruction of a tree implies the
destruction of an entire ecosystem.
Benefits of Planting Tress
o Trees are the basis of sustaining life on earth.

o Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen by Photosynthesis.

o They also help in reducing soil erosion by binding the soil to their roots.

o Trees absorb carbon from the atmosphere and store it in their wood and
bark, thus slowing the rate of global warming.

o Forests help in flourishing wildlife and providing shelter for thousands of

species including humans.

o Trees provide fruits, a source of food for birds, animals and humans.

o They are also the main source of raw material for timber and paper
industries which helps in boosting the economy.

o Trees act as natural air conditioners by reducing heat up to 8-10 °C, thus
cooling the environment.

o Neem is the common tree which helps in purifying the atmosphere by

killing the harmful organism.

o Amazon Rain Forest is the 'Lung of Earth' because it contributes the most
in the production of oxygen.
 Afforestation

Afforestation is the process involves the introduction of trees or tree

seedlings to the area, which leads to the area being developed as a forest.
Afforestation can be done through tree planting and seedlings, either
naturally or artificially
Advantages:
* A constant supply of forest products
* Prevents soil erosion
* Stabilizes the climate
* Has the potential of reversing global warming and climate change
* Better quality air
* Improve watershed
* Preservation of wildlife

Disadvantages:
* Expensive procedure as it requires more manpower to perform various
jobs.
* If trees do not get proper space while growing, it may cause damages
above and below ground levels.
* Trees need proper maintenance to grow. Fruit trees require more
maintenance to grow.
 Deforestation

Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is

thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Example of deforestation include
conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use.

One of the most important negative consequences of deforestation is global

warming and climate change. Over 20% of the world's greenhouse gas
emissions can be sourced from the deforestation of tropical rainforests.
Since the roots of trees provide support to the surrounding soil,
deforestation also contributes to soil erosion (the removal of trees makes the
soil vulnerable to erosion).

Direct causes of deforestation are agricultural expansion, wood

extraction (e.g., logging or wood harvest for domestic fuel or charcoal),
and infrastructure expansion such as road building and urbanization.

The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change,
desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for Indigenous people.
Environmental Effects

Farming communities that try to reduce environmental impacts through

modifying their practices will adopt sustainable agriculture practices.
They not only look nice, but they also remove and store carbon from the
atmosphere, slow heavy rain and thus reduce the risk of flooding, improve
air quality, and reduce the urban heat island effect by reflecting sunlight and
providing shade.

Economical Effects

Economic importance : Most of the plantation crops are export oriented Ex

: Cashew nut, and Tea. Plantation crops earn foreign exchange for the
country and they occupy 75% of the total earnings from the export of the
agricultural produce.
Economists generally agree that economic development and growth are
influenced by four factors: human resources, physical capital, natural
resources and technology. Highly developed countries have governments
that focus on these areas.
 Plant Adaptations

Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different
areas. Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in
a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult
for the plant to survive in a different place. This explains why certain plants
are found in one area, but not in another. For example, you wouldn't see a
cactus living in the Arctic. Nor would you see lots of really tall trees living
in grasslands.

Deserts:
The desert is very dry and often hot. Annual rainfall averages less
than 10 inches per year, and that rain often comes all at the same time. The
rest of the year is very dry. There is a lot of direct sunlight shining on the
plants. The soil is often sandy or rocky and unable to hold much water.
Winds are often strong, and dry out plants. Plants are exposed to extreme
temperatures and drought conditions. Plants must cope with extensive water
loss.

The Temperate Grasslands

The temperate grasslands, also called prairie, feature hot summers and cold
winters. Rainfall is uncertain and drought is common. The temperate
grasslands usually receive about 10 to 30 inches of precipitation per year.
The soil is extremely rich in organic material due to the fact that the above-
ground portions of grasses die off annually, enriching the soil. The area is
well-suited to agriculture, and few original prairies survive today.
The Tropical Rainforest
The tropical rainforest is hot and it rains a lot, about 80 to 180 inches per
year. This abundance of water can cause problems such as promoting the
growth of bacteria and fungi which could be harmful to plants. Heavy
rainfall also increases the risk of flooding, soil erosion, and rapid leaching
of nutrients from the soil (leaching occurs when the minerals and organic
nutrients of the soil are "washed" out of the soil by rainfall as the water
soaks into the ground). Plants grow rapidly and quickly use up any organic
material left from decomposing plants and animals. This results is a soil that
is poor. The tropical rainforest is very thick, and not much sunlight is able
to penetrate to the forest floor. However, the plants at the top of the
rainforest in the canopy, must be able to survive 12 hours of intense
sunlight every day of the year. There is a great amount of diversity in plant
species in the tropical rainforest.

The Temperate Rain Forest

The temperate rain forest features minimal seasonal fluctuation of
temperature: the winters are mild and the summers cool. The temperate rain
forest receives a lot of precipitation, about 80 to 152 inches per year.
Condensation from coastal fogs also add to the dampness. The soil is poor
in nutrients. Large evergreen trees, some reaching 300 feet in height, are the
dominant plant species.
Plant Adaptations in Water

 underwater leaves and stems are flexible to move with water currents
 some plants have air spaces in their stems to help hold the plant up in
the water
 submerged plants lack strong water transport system (in stems);
instead water, nutrients, and dissolved gases are absorbed through the
leaves directly from the water.
 roots and root hairs reduced or absent; roots only needed for
anchorage, not for absorption of nutrients and water
 some plants have leaves that float atop the water, exposing
themselves to the sunlight
 in floating plants chlorophyll is restricted to upper surface of leaves
(part that the sunlight will hit) and the upper surface is waxy to repel
water

Dated : 3rd April 2023

Report prepared on: 5th April 2023

Student Signature