Lecture7 AlgorithmFlowcharst
Lecture7 AlgorithmFlowcharst
ALGORITHM
The word “algorithm” relates to the name of the mathematician Al-khowarizmi, which means a
procedure or a technique. Software Engineer commonly uses an algorithm for planning and solving
problems. An algorithm is a sequence of steps to solve a particular problem or an algorithm is an ordered
set of unambiguous steps that produces a result and terminates in a finite time Software Engineering:
The algorithm and flowchart include the following three types of control structures.
1. Sequence: In the sequence structure, statements are placed one after the other and the
execution takes place starting from up to down.
2. Branching (Selection): In branch control, there is a condition and according to a
condition, a decision of either TRUE or FALSE is achieved. In the case of TRUE, one of
the two branches is explored; but in the case of the FALSE condition, the other alternative
is taken. Generally, the ‘IF-THEN’ is used to represent branch control.
3. Loop (Repetition): The Loop or Repetition allows aa statement(s) to be executed
repeatedly based on certain loop conditions e.g. WHILE, FOR loops
Advantages of Algorithm
STEP 2: Define the variables: Algorithm's variables allow you to use it for more than one place. We can
define two variables for rectangle height and rectangle width as HEIGHT and WIDTH (or H & W). We
should use meaningful variable name e.g. instead of using H & W use HEIGHT and WIDTH as variable
name.
STEP 3: Outline the algorithm’s operations: Use input variable for computation purpose, e.g. to find
area of rectangle multiply the HEIGHT and WIDTH variable and store the value in new variable (say)
AREA. An algorithm's operations can take the form of multiple steps and even branch, depending on the
value of the input variables.
STEP 4: Output the results of oyur algorithm’s operations: In case e of area of rectangle output will be the
value stored in variable AREA. if the input variables described a rectangle with a HEIGHT of 2 and a
WIDTH of 3, the algorithm would output the value of 6.
FLOWCHART
The first design of flowchart goes back to 1945 which was designed by John Von Neumann. Unlike
an algorithm, Flowchart uses different symbols to design a solution to a problem. It is another commonly
used programming tool. By looking at a Flowchart one can understand the operations and sequence of
operations performed in a system. A flowchart is often considered as a blueprint of a design used for solving
a specific problem.
Advantages of Flowchart:
The language used to write algorithms is simple and similar to day-to-day life language. The
variable names are used to store the values. The value store in variable can change in the solution steps. In
addition some special symbols are used as below:
The symbol ‘=’ is used in most programming languages as an assignment symbol, the same has
been used in all the algorithms and flowcharts in the manual.
The statement C = A+B means that add the value stored in variable A and variable B then
assign/store the value in variable C.
The statement R = R + 1 means that add 1 to the value stored in variable R and then assign/store
the new value in variable R, in other words, increase the value of variable R by 1.
Advanced Information and Communication Technology
Geodetic Engineering Department
Advanced Information and Communication Technology
Geodetic Engineering Department
Advanced Information and Communication Technology
Geodetic Engineering Department
Example:
1. Write an algorithm and illustrate a flowchart to find the sum of two numbers.
3. Create an algorithm and flowchart that identifies the average of two numbers.
ASSIGNMENT: