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LF ACDCdemo Help V2

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9 views2 pages

LF ACDCdemo Help V2

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Performance Testing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sequential Load Flow Solution Method for HVDC Links

Embedded in AC Power Systems — Version 2


This demo illustrates a sequential AC-DC load flow method involving iteration between DC and
AC solutions. The AC load flow is performed by the load flow tool of the Powergui. The DC load
flow solution of the HVDC link is found using the HVDC Link Steady-State block embedded in a
Simulink model (Link_A). It is possible to include a second HVDC link in the network. A specific
block Second HVDC Link Steady-State block should be used in this case (see Link_B model).

The AC network used in this demo is based on the 29-bus system of the
power_LFnetwork_29bus model. A DC link has been added between LG27 bus (rectifier) and
MTL7 bus (inverter). The DC network is based on the power_hvdc12pulse-average model.

A script LF_ACDC_solve_V2 controls the whole process and iterates until the convergence
criteria for the AC and DC load flows have been reached simultaneously. The parameters used
by the script are defined in the block Sequential Load Flow Param embedded in the network
model. The script is called by the block’s ‘Compute’ button. The load flows results are printed in
report file(s) specified by the user.

Once the AC-DC network has been initialized with the sequential solution method, you can run a
simulation and observe that the specified power flow settings are respected in steady-state.

Silvano Casoria, Gilbert Sybille (Hydro-Quebec)

Contents

Method Description

Demonstration

Method Description
The HVDC system transmitting 1000 MW at 500 kV through a 800 km line consists of two
converter units (YYD transformer and 12-pulse thyristor bridge) represented by their average
model and 600 Mvar AC filters. The 29-bus AC system uses a 735-kV series and shunt
compensated transmission system and seven 13.8-kV power plants (total generation capacity of
27 000 MW) including detailed modeling of turbines, speed regulation, excitation systems and
PSS. Please, refer to these demos for a detailed description.
The block Sequential Load Flow Param is embedded in the network model. The block specifies
the parameters used by the sequential AC-DC load flow algorithm having the form of a script
(LF_ACDC_solve_V2) that is executed by the block. Click Help for more details.

For the AC load flow solution the converter units loads are represented by PQ-type loads
modeled by the block Three-Phase Dynamic Load (see magenta blocks LG27_DC and
MTL7_DC).

For the DC load flow solution, the HVDC link (Link A) is defined by its steady-state model (block
HVDC Link steady-State) embedded in the Simulink model Link_A. The solution provides the
converters active and reactive power to update the PQ-type loads connected at the converters
buses. The converters AC voltages, inputs to the block, are updated by the AC load flow solution.
Click Help for a description of the model and its parameters.
The script calls in sequence the DC and the AC load flow programs printing their intermediate
results in report files named by the user (ACDC_report_A.txt). The DC and AC load flows will
converge simultaneously when the converter tap changer ratios remain unchanged during two
consecutive DC solutions. The PQ loads representing the converter units loads during load flow
computation are disabled by setting their P and Q values to practically zero.

Demonstration
In this example, the load flow solution takes in consideration a typical tap changer control and the
DC power as the rectifier main control mode The DC power is set at 1000 MW to be received at
the inverter (the rectifier is chosen to be the slack station). The auxiliary mode, when there is a
dip in AC voltage would be the alpha minimum mode, set to 5°. At the inverter, the main control
mode is the DC voltage, set at 500 kV. The auxiliary mode, when there is a dip in AC voltage
would be the minimum extinction angle gamma set to 17°. The tap changer control is set to hold
α angle between 14° and 17° at the rectifier and the gamma angle between 20° and 23° at the
inverter. The initial tap ratios are set to 1.0 (pu) and the initial AC voltages to 735 kV.
Start solving the sequential load flow by opening the Sequential Load Flow Param block and click
Compute. Once solved, open the report file ACDC_report_A.txt to see the results. Three DC load
flows and two AC load flows were necessary to obtain the solution. Note that, the used HVDC
average model control system lacs a tap changer control and only the current control mode is
present. Thereafter, the resulting DC current will be transcribed as the DC current reference value
in the Master control model. The final Tap ratios (tap_pu_R, tap_pu_I) values are transcribed in
both converter unit models.
The resulting AC and DC load flow values are printed below:
--> Simultaneous convergence after 3 DC load flow(s) and 2 AC load flow(s)
Rectifier AC voltage: 746.01 kV
Inverter AC voltage: 768.77 kV
Rectifier: Tap = 0.9500 (pu), alpha = 14.84 (deg), Udi0 = 288.57 (kV)
Inverter: Tap = 0.9875 (pu), gamma = 22.83 (deg), Udi0 = 286.08 (kV)

Rectifier: Vdc = 524.63 (kV), Idc = 2.0024 (kA), Pdc = +1050.52 (MW)
Inverter: Vdc = 499.40 (kV), alpha = 144.56 (deg), Pdc = -1000.00 (MW)

Bus LG27: P = +1055.87 MW, Q = 461.09 Mvar


Bus MTL7: P = -994.65 MW, Q = 563.97 Mvar
/////////// Normal ending //////////

Start simulation. At start-up the DC link is not in operation and the power is ramped up to its
steady state value at 0.04 (s). Consequently the AC network initial power flow must readjust since
the load flow solution was solved with the DC link in service. Once the DC link power is
established the AC power flow should readjust again to the desired power flow.
Check the DC waveforms (voltages, powers, and angles) and verify that the steady-state results
correspond to the load flow solution. Note that the observed DC voltages are measured at DC
line ends (i.e. VdL = 524.0 kV at rectifier) and that the DC voltages given by the load flow solution
are those at the converter terminals (i.e. Vdc = 524.63 kV at rectifier).
Finally, you can apply a 6 cycles three-phase fault at the inverter bus (MTL7) to observe the
dynamic behaviour of the AC and DC systems. You will need to set the fault application time to 2
(s).

MATLAB release MATLAB 9.1 (R2016b)

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