MALWARE DETECTION FOR

CYBER THREATS

APROJECTREPORT

Submittedby

SRADESH B [720320104038]
KAVI RAJ C [720320104014]
ARAVINDHAN R [720320104001]
RHOSHAN AARIF M S [720320104030]

inpartialfulfillmentfortheawardofthedegreeof

BACHELOR OFENGINEERING
IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

AKSHAYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ANDTECHNOLOGY,COIMBATORE

ANNAUNIVERSITY:CHENNAI600025
MAY2024

i
 ANNAUNIVERSITY:CHENNAI600025B
ONAFIDECERTIFICATE

Certifiedthatthisprojectreport“MALWARE DETECTION FOR CYBER THREATS

”isthebonafide workof"SRADESH B , KAVI RAJ C, ARAVINTHAN R, RHOSHAN
AARIF M S"
whocarriedouttheprojectworkundermySupervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

HEADOF THEDEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Professor, Professor,
Computer scicnce and Computer science and
Engineering Engineering
AkshayaCollegeofEngineering AkshayaCollege ofEngineeringand
andTechnology Technology
Coimbatore-642109. Coimbatore-642109.

SubmittedforAnnaUniversityprojectvivavoceexaminationheldon………….

INTERNALEXAMINER EXTERNALEXAMINER

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success of a work depends on the terms and itsco-operation.We take this
opportunitytoexpress our gratitude and sincere thanks to everyone who helped us in our
project. Firstandforemost, we wouldlike to thank ourmanagementfor the
excellentinfrastructure,facilitiesandthesupportprovided
forthesuccessfulimplementationoftheprojectwork.

WeareindebtedtotheDirector,Dr.K.THANUSHKODI,M.Sc.,Ph.D.,forhiscontinuousmo
tivation,inspiringwords andguidancethroughoutthisproject.

WeexpressoursincerethankstotheJointDirector,Dr.N.SUGUNA,M.E.,Ph.D.,forhervalua
bleguidanceandsupport.

We record obligation to our Principal Dr. R. RAVINDRAN., Ph.D, and our Vice
Principal Dr. K. SIVASANKARI, M.E., Ph.D, for their guidance and sustained
encouragement for the successful completion of this project.

We are highly grateful to Mrs.M.NISHA, M.E., (Ph.D) Assistant Professor (S.G) and Head, Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, for her valuable suggestion and guidance throughout this project
and for her immediate counselling in solving all the problems that arise in the course of completion of
this project successfully.

We extend our sincere thanks to our Project Guide Mr.U.S.MOHAMMED IMAM ALI, IoT Developer
& Consultant, Accent Techno Soft for his continuous motivation and guidance with timely assistance
rendered to come with flying colors. We also extend our thanks to other faculty members, parents, friends
and juniors for providing their moral support in successfully completing this project.

iii
 ABSTRACT

The Malicious mobile application Using Django is a web-based platform designed

for the analysis and investigation of malicious software (malware). Built on the Django
web framework, this system offers a comprehensive and user-friendly environment for
cybersecurity professionals, researchers, and organizations to analyze, report, and
mitigate malware threats.

The primary goal of this system is to provide a secure, efficient, and collaborative space
for malware analysts to upload, examine, and share information about potentially
harmful software. It encompasses a wide range of features aimed at enhancing the
detection, classification, and understanding of malware.

1. Keywords—Malware analysis, Malware detection, Systems tool

integration

iv
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO NO
ABSTRACT iv
LISTOF FIGURES vii
LISTOFABBREVIATIONS viii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1Problemstatements 2
1.2Objectives 2
2. LITERATURESURVEY 3
3. EXISTINGSYSTEM
3.1Introduction 9
3.2BlockDiagram 9
3.3Working 12

3.4Drawbacks 13

4. PROPOSEDSYSTEM

4.1Introduction 15

4.2Blockdiagram 16

4.3Working 16

4.4Advantages 17

5. HARDWAREREQUIREMENTS

5.1Processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3687U CPU 19

@ 2.10GHz 2.60 GHz
5.2 Installed RAM 4.00 GB (3.87 GB usable) 20
v
 5.3 System type 64-bit operating system, x64-based 20
processor

6. SOFTWAREIMPLEMENTATION

6.1ArduinoIDE 25

6.1.1 DebuggingArduinoCodeandHardware 27
6.1.2 Rfidcoding
6.2EmbeddedC 28

7. RESULTS&CONCLUSION

7.1Explanation 32

8. CONCLUSION&FUTUREENHANCEMENT

8.1Conclusion 36

8.2FutureEnhancement 35
9. APPENDIXREFERENCE 40
10. S 53

vi
 LISTOFFIGURES

FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO

3.1 Blockdiagramofexistingsystem 12

4.1 Block diagramofproposedsystem 16

5.1 LCDdisplay 20

5.3 IRsensor 22

5.4 EM18RFIDmodule 23

5.5 SIM800GSMmodule 23

5.6 Powersupply 24

6.1 ArduinoIDE 27

6.3 Portsetupwindow 29

7.1 Explanation 34

7.2 Result inBlynk Application 35

vii
 LISTOFABBREVIATION

GSM GlobalSystemforMobileCommunication

WSN WirelessSensorNetwork

UART UniversalAsynchronousReceiverTransmitter

RFID RadioFrequencyIdentification

IoT InternetofThings

IR Infra-Redsensor

I2C InterIntegratedCircuit

ESP Electronic StabilityProgram

viii
 CHAPTER1

INTRODUCTION

ix
 CHAPTER1

INTRODUCTION

In the ever-evolving landscape of technology, theconvergence of robotics and the

Internet of Things (IoT)continues to push the boundaries of innovation.The IoT
component adds a layer of remote accessibility,enabling users to interact with the
robotic arm through aweb-based or mobile application. This connectivity allowsfor
real-time monitoring, remote command execution,anddata collection,enabling
predictive maintenance andoperational analytics.The project also
considerssecurity,ensuring that communications are encrypted and useraccess is
controlled to prevent unauthorized usage. Testing and validation are conducted to
assess the robotic armsaccuracy, reliability, and responsiveness to voice commands,as
well as its ability to maintain stable IoT connections.Ultimately, this project serves as a
proof-of-concept forcombining voice-controlled robotics with IoT
infrastructure,offering a flexible platform for various applications, fromindustrial
automation to assistive technologies. The expectedoutcomes include a fully functional
prototype and valuableinsights into the future development of integrated
roboticsystems that leverage voice technology and IoT for enhancedfunctionality and
accessibility.

3
 PROBLEMSTATEMENTS:

How might we design a cost-effective Myoelectric prostheticarm using 3D

printing,servo motors, Arduino, and Myowaremuscle sensors, ensuring affordability without
compromisingfunctionality and quality?

1.1OBJECTIVES:
Theobjectivesofthis projectare:

 Enhanced Efficiency: Combine robotic functionalities with voice commands tostreamline

operations, reducing manual intervention and minimizing errors.

 User Interaction: Enable intuitive interaction through voice commands, making thesystem
accessible to users with varying levels of technical expertise.

 Real-time Monitoring: Utilize IoT capabilities to enable real-time monitoring of the

robotic arm's performance, facilitating predictive maintenance and minimizing
downtime.

 Integration: Ensure seamless integration with existing IoT ecosystems and voice
assistant platforms to maximize interoperability and ease of use.

 Scalability: Design the solution with scalability in mind, allowing for expansion and
integration with additional devices or functionalities in the future.

3
 CHAPTER2

LITERATURESURVEY

3
 CHAPTER2

LITERATURESURVEY

[1]."Design and Implementation of Voice Controlled Robotic ARM,"2021

International Conference on Communication & Information Technology -
ICICT2021,Rashed S.Kanash,Seyed E.Alavi,Ali A. Abed

Modern technologies have required the labormarket to provide robots that work in
many fields, includingindustrial, medical, military, and agricultural [3]. In thisproject we
design a robotic arm that enters in many areas thatcan be used in oil fields that are
dangerous to operatorsworking on sites containing inert gases or in
environmentallypolluted areas. The aim of the design is to make the robot armfully
operate by voice, that is, it responds to commands issuedby the operator. There are many
methods that can be used tomake the robot work without controlling it manually, but
eachdesign has a special practical character, as the sound-basedapproach makes the robot
practically easier and efficient toperform accurate tasks in dangerous places. A robotic arm
isclassified from a group of units: (arm, Arduino controller,NRF sensor, and voice
module). The arm contains the mainbase, three rotary joints and an end-effector, in which
therotational motion is provided by a servo motor. The NRFsensor has been placed to be a
wireless remote control for adistance up to one kilometer and can work inside and
outsidebuildings. The arm is programmed by training the voice sensoron the voice
commands (hello, right-left, up down, forward -reverse, catch - open).

13
[2]."Arduino based Voicecontrolled Robotic Arm,"2020InternationalJournal of
AdvancedResearch inScience,Communication,Adwait P Naik,Prof.Annu Abraham.

The aim of this work is to present an inexpensive,light-weight and easily

controlled robotic arm based onArduino Uno. The peculiarity of the arm is it fully
voiceoperated, in other words it responds to the instructions givenby the human
operator. Although there are many approachesto make the robot work without
controlling it manually butunlike other approaches the voice based approach
rendersmore accuracy and efficiency to the robot to perform delicatetasks. The
robotic arm is made up of three modules: The arm,the arduino microcontroller,
and the voice module. The armcontains three rotary joints and an end effector,
where therotary motion is provided using the servomotor. Moreover, therobot can
be operated in two modes, manually usingpotentiometer shafts and automatically
using instructions.Arduino is programmed in such a way that selecting one
modewill disable the other.

14
 [3]."Arduino Based Robot for Pick and Place Application,"2018 International
Journal ofElectronics,Communicationand SoftComputingScience &Engineering
(IJECSCSE), Priya H Pande,Pallavi V Saklecha,Pragati D Pawar,Atul N Shire

The project is designed to develop a systemin which robot is used for pick and place
application. In thishighly developing society, time and man power are criticalconstrains
for completion of task in large scales. Theautomation playing important role to save
human efforts inmost of the regular and frequently carried works. The pick andplace
robot is one of the technologies in the manufacturing industries which is designed to
perform pick and placeoperation. The system is designed in such a way that, in whichthe
human error are eliminated to get more precise work.
The project deals with implementing a pick and place robot using arduino
microcontroller. Here, the robot which isimplemented have an ability to locate itself to the
locationwhere the object to be lifted is available with the help of chassisand dc motors
which not only perform the movement of robotbut also movement of robotic arm became
possible and with thehelp of robotic arm it can hold the object and place it at desired
destination.

15
[4]."Low-Cost Robotic Arm fordifferently abledusing Voice
Recognition,"ThirdInternationalConference onTrends inElectronics
andInformatics(ICOEI 2019),Neema Andrews,Sherin Jacob,Steffin
MammenThomas, Sukumar S

Vast number of control researches and numerous control applications were displayed amid the most
recent years, focused on control of robotic arms. A robotic arm is a kind of mechanical arm,
ordinarily programmable, which have similar abilities to a human arm. Building a mechanical arm is
certainly not another idea, yet in the meantime, the structure and the determination can fluctuate
from various plans. We developed a working prototype of a voice-controlled robotic arm for
physically differently abled people. The main aim of the project is to develop a low-cost robot hand
that is light and strong. Robotics is an interesting area of research in the field of Engineering. Our
project is a voice-controlled robot which does some predefined actions based on the commands we
give. We are giving the input speech through the Android phone. The Android operating system
widely used in mobile phones, digital cameras are user-friendly and can be controlled by everyone.
The Android phone and robotic arm are associated with Bluetooth module. The hand movements are
done using circuitry of servo motors which placed and aligned at specific rotations and positions.
The movement control is done by a microcontroller. The controller receives a voice command from
the smartphone and the nature of the grab will be depending on the voice commands received.

16
[5]."A voice control system forassistive robotic arms:preliminary usability tests
onpatients," inProceedings of the2018 7th IEEEInternationalConference on
BiomedicalRobotics andBiomechatronic, Terrin Babu Pulikottil1MarcoCaimmi,
Maria Grazia D’Angelo, Emilia Biffi3, Stefania Pellegrinelli1, Lorenzo Molinari
Tosatti1
One of the major issues for the success of assistive robotics concerns the question whether patients
not only accept the technology and profit from it, but also whether they can effectively use it. This is
especially relevant when patients are highly impaired and present several functional limitations.
Therefore, it is important to enable patients to control robots with alternative methods during their
activities of daily living. This work deals with the development of a voice control system based on
the ROS middleware framework. The voice control was customized on the JACO2 (Kinova
Technology, Montreal, QC, Canada), a 6 degree-of-freedom assistive robotic manipulator. Two
subjects with different impairments due to a neurodegenerative disease tested the robot for usability
controlling it through the JACO2 joystick and the developed voice control system. Both subjects
used the voice control system successfully and scored highly its usability. The most impaired subject
preferred the voice control while, by contrast, the less impaired one preferred to use the joystick.
Preliminary results showed good usability of the system, which could be an important aid for highly
impaired people.

17
 [6]."Wireless voice controlledrobotics arm,"InternationalJournal ofEmerging
Technology inComputerScience &Electronics(IJETCSE), R.Aswinbalaji,
A.Arunraja

- In today’s world, in almost all sectors, most of the work is done by robots or robotic arm

having different number of degree of freedoms (DOF’s) as per the requirement. This
paper deals with the Design and Implementation of a “Voice Controlled Robotic Arm”.
The system design is divided into 3 parts namely: Voice recognition module, Robotic
Arm and Platform. Arm with Voice Recognition is to create a wireless voice controlled
arm which can be operated through a range of 10 to 50 meters using ZIGBEE
transmitter and receiver. Voice recognition is "the technology by which sounds, words
or phrases spoken by humans are converted into electrical signals, and these signals are
transformed into coding patterns to which meaning has been assigned". The different
motions performed by robotic arm are: PICK and PLACE / DROP, RAISING and
LOWERING the objects. Also, the motions performed by the platform are: FORWARD,
BACKWARD, RIGHT and LEFT.

18
[8]" A. Kumar and A. Srivastava, "An IoT-based smart parking system
usingRaspberryPiandRFIDtechnology,"JournalofKingSaudUniversity-
ComputerandInformationSciences,vol.33,no.3,pp.269-276,2021.

Ininterconnection andautomation
ofdifferentphysicalgadgets,vehicles,homemachinesanddifferentthings,theinternetofthin
gs(IoT)innovationplaysacriticalrole. These objects associate and deal information with
the assistance of
software,differentsensors,andactuators.Ahuman'sstandardoflifeandlivingareimprovedw
iththisautomationofgadgets,whichisaforthcomingneed.Inthispaper wetalkedabouta
similar requirement for instance, a smart car parking system which empowers
adrivertodiscoveraparkingareaandafreeslotinthatparkingareainsideacity.Thispaperfocu
sondecreasingthetimesquanderedondiscoveringparkingarea.Thisinturndiminishes the
fuel utilization and way of life. With the exponential increment in
thequantityofvehiclesandtotalpopulation,vehicleaccessibility,useout,aboutstartinglate,f
inding aspacefor parking thevehicleisturning out to
beincreasinglymoretroublesomewithrealizingtheamountofconflicts,forexample,automo
bileoverloads.Thispaperisconnectedtomakingatrustworthysystemthatacceptauthority
over the undertaking of recognizing free slots in a parking area and
keepingtherecordof vehiclesleftin an extremelymethodical
way.Thepredictedsystemdecreaseshumaneffort attheparkingarea.

19
20
 CHAPTER

3EXISTINGSYSTEM

21
 CHAPTER3

EXISTINGSYSTEM

3.1 Introduction:

Let’s start with the definition of IOT. The full form of IOT is Internet of
Thingsand this is defined as the connection of physical devices which includes objects
likebuildings,vehicleswith electronicsensors,softwareovertheconnectivity of
thenetworksothattheycanexchangethedataandalsoenablestocollectthedataoverthenetwor
k. This allows the connection of physical world with the computer based systemswhich
gives benefits to the economy and improve the overall efficiency by sensing
theobjects or vehicle over a network infrastructure and by controlling it. Smart
parkingsystemisconsideredthebesttechnologyintheIot"Internetofthings"andthefirsttimei
t was introduced was in 1999. This project is totally based on the connection
ofhardware and software devices over a internet infrastructure elongated by
ultrasonicinfrared sensors. Now a days population has gained so much in our country due
to whichnumber of traffics has increased which led to the increased number of
vehicles. So dueto this reason the parking has become the major problem in the cities.
For instance, wecan observe that during work the people find difficulties in finding the
parking slot topark their vehicles. So, to overcome this major problem this model
"smart car parkingsystem" is introduced. This system is based on the mechanism that
if the parking
areaisavailableornotforthevehicle.Thisisdonethroughanapplicationandtheconnectionsof
physicaldeviceswithsoftwareoverthenetwork.

22
3.2 BlockDiagram:

23
3.3 Working:

Force supply changes over the yield from ac power line to dc yield. This
ACvoltage is corrected to give throbbing dc by utilizing rectifier. This throbbing
dcvoltage is sifted by utilizing channel and it gives smooth voltage. This
voltageprovides for voltage controller it changes over this voltage into consistent dc
supply,at that point it goes to LCD module to show different data of the program.
Ultrasonicsensor used to distinguish the stopping distance. This self-leaving vehicle
projectcomprises of Arduino load up, obstruction sensor which recognizes the items
in
frontandbackofthevehicle,supersonicreachlocatertoidentifytheleavingdistance,LCDmo
dule to show different data of the program, Motor driver to drive a DC gear
engineand a servo Motor to control controlling. It likewise utilizes way
discoveringcalculation.

3.4 Drawbacks:

Theexistingsystemwillsendtheinformationfromthecamerastofognodesandit
takeshighertimefor processingoftheseimages.
 The user will not be aware of the shortest available parking slot in the
parkingspaceandalsotheuserwillnotknowarethereanyavailableparkingslotsinthep
arkingspacebeforeentering.
Resourcessuchasfuelandtimearewasted insearchoftheparkingslot.
Thesearchfortheparkingslotwillalsoleadstoaccidents.

24
 CHAPTER

4PROPOSEDSYSTE

25
 CHAPTER4

PROPOSEDSYSTEM

4.1 Introduction:

TheAdvancedParkingSystemisdesignedtoovercomethechallengesofconventional
parking systems. This system is based on the integration of IoT, GSM, andRFID
technologies to provide a hassle-free parking experience to users. The systemconsists of
four IR sensors, a GSM module, an EM18 RFID module, and a Blynkapplication. The
sensors detect the presence of a car in the parking slot and send the datato the Blynk
application. The GSM module sends an SMS to the user when a slot isbooked or
cleared. The EM18 RFID module is used to collect the parking fee from theusers. The
system provides an efficient solution to the challenges faced by conventionalparking
systems by automating the parking slot booking and fee collection process,reducing the
time and effort required for parking management. The system can
beimplementedinvariousparkingfacilitiessuchasshoppingmalls,airports,andhospitals.

26
 4.2 Blockdiagram:

Figure 4.1BlockDiagramofProposed System

4.3 Working:
The Advanced Parking System using IoT, GSM, and RFID technologies works
ontheprincipleofdetectingthepresenceofavehicleinaparkingslot,automatingtheparkingslot
booking and fee collection process, and providing real-time parking slot
availabilityinformationto theusers.Hereistheworkingprinciple ofthesystem:
1. IR Sensor Detection: The system consists of four IR sensors that are fixed
ineach parking slot. When a vehicle is parked in a slot, the IR sensors detect
itspresenceand send thedatato thecentralcontroller.
2. Blynk Application: The central controller is connected to a Blynk
applicationthatdisplaysthereal-
27
timeparkingslotavailabilityinformationonavirtual

28
 LED.Whenaparkingslotisoccupied,theLEDcorrespondingtothatslotturnsoff,ind
icatingthatitisnot available.
3. GSM Module: The system also consists of a GSM module that sends an
SMSto the user confirming the booking and clearing of a parking slot. When a
userbooksaparkingslot,theGSMmodulesendsanSMStotheuserconfirmingthebo
oking and the slot number. When the user leaves the parking slot, the
GSMmodule sendsanSMSto theuserconfirmingthe clearingoftheslot.

4. EM18 RFID Module: The system also includes an EM18 RFID module that
isusedtocollecttheparkingfeefromtheusers.Whentheuserenterstheparkinglot,
the system reads the RFID tag attached to the vehicle and records the
entrytime.Whentheuserleavestheparkinglot,thesystemreadstheRFIDtagagainan
dcalculatesthe parkingfeebasedonthetime spentintheparkingslot.
5. User Interface: The users can access the real-time parking slot
availabilityinformation through a mobile application or a website. The users
can book aparking slot through the mobile application and pay the parking fee
using anRFIDcard or amobilepayment system.

29
4.4 Advantages:

 Parkingdemandmanagementandspaceoptimization

 Personalizedparkingguidance

 parkingreservationsystem

 dynamicparkingpriceandpolicyoptimization

 parkingarea, charging,illegalparkingdetection

30
 CHAPTER

5HARDWAREREQUIREMENT

31
 CHAPTER5

HARDWAREREQUIREMENTS

 LCDDisplay
 NodeMCUMicrocontroller
 ESP8266Core
 IRSensor
 EM18RFIDModule
 GSMModule
 PowerSupply

5.1 LCD(16*2)DISPLAY:

Liquid crystaldisplays(LCD’s)havematerials,whichcombinethepropertiesof
both liquids and crystals. One each polarizes are pasted outside the two glasspanels.
These polarizes would rotate the light rays passing through them to a
definiteangle,inaparticulardirection.TheLCD’sarelightweightwithonlyafewmillimeters
thickness. Since the LCD’s consume less power, they are compatible with low
powerelectronic circuits, and can be powered for long durations. Crystalloids dot–
matrix(alphanumeric) liquid crystal displays are available in TN, STN types, with or
withoutbacklight. The use of C-MOS LCD controller and driver ICs result in low
powerconsumption. Thesemodules canbeinterfacedwitha4-bitor8-bitmicroprocessor
32
 /Microcontroller.

5.2 NodeMCUMICROCONTROLLER:

NodeMCU is an open source firmware for which open source

prototypingboarddesigns are available. The name "NodeMCU" combines "node" and
"MCU" (micro-
controllerunit).Theterm"NodeMCU"strictlyspeakingreferstothefirmwareratherthantheassoc
iatedkits.Boththefirmwareandprototypingboarddesignsareopensource.
The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. The firmware is based on the
eLuaproject, and built on the Expressive Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open
sourceprojects,suchaslua-
cjsoandSPIFFS.Duetoresourceconstraints,usersneedtoselectthemodules relevant for their
project and build a firmware tailored to their needs. Support forthe32-bitESP32 hasalso
beenimplemented.

5.2.1 ESP8266Core
As Arduino began developing new MCU boards based on non-AVR processors
likethe ARM/SAM MCU and used in the Arduino Due, they needed to modify the
ArduinoIDE so that it would be relatively easy to change the IDE to support alternate
toolchains toallowArduinoC/C+
+tobecompiledforthesenewprocessors.SomeESP8266enthusiastsdeveloped an Arduino core
for the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC, popularly called the "ESP8266Core for the Arduino IDE".
This has become a leading software development platform forthevarious ESP8266-
basedmodules anddevelopmentboards, includingNodeMCU’s.
PINS:
NodeMCUprovidesaccesstotheGPIO(GeneralPurposeInput/Output)andapin
mappingtableispart oftheAPIdocumentation.
33
I/Oindex ESP8266pin
0[*] GPIO16
1 GPIO5

34
 2 GPIO4
3 GPIO0
4 GPIO2
5 GPIO14
6 GPIO12
7 GPIO13
8 GPIO15
9 GPIO3
10 GPIO1
11 GPIO9
12 GPIO10

5.3 IRSENSOR:

IR (infrared) sensors are electronic devices that detect the presence of objects in
theirvicinitybyemittinganddetectinginfraredradiation.TheyconsistofanIRemitterandanIRreceiv
er, which work together to detect changes in the infrared radiation field caused by thepresence
of an object. IR sensors are commonly used in a variety of applications, includingproximity
sensing, motion detection, and object detection. In the context of a parkingmanagement
system, IR sensors can be used to detect the presence of a vehicle in a parkingspot. By
placing IR sensors at the entrance and exit of a parking spot, the system can
detectwhenavehicleentersorleavesthespot,andcommunicatethisinformationtothecentral
servertomanageparkingavailabilityandoccupancy.
35
5.4 EM18RFIDMODULE :

EM18 RFID module is a type of RFID reader module that uses electromagnetic
wavesto communicate with RFID tags. It operates at a frequency of 125khz and can read
tags froma distance of up to 10 cm. RFID module is widely used in various applications,
such asaccess control systems, inventory management, and parking management systems. In
thecontextofaparkingmanagementsystem,
theem18modulecanbeusedtoreadtheRFIDtagattached to the vehicle and communicate with
the central server to identify the parking spotand collectparkingfees.

5.5 SIM800GSMMODULE:

The SIM800 GSM module is a compact and low-cost cellular module that allows
forwireless communication over the Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM)network. It is designed to provide voice, SMS, and data transmission capabilities
forapplicationsthatrequirewirelessconnectivity.ItsupportstheGeneralPacketRadioService

36
(GPRS)fordatatransmission.Itcanbecontrolled usingATcommandsandiscompatiblewith
mostmicrocontrollers.
The SIM800 GSM module is commonly used in applications such as vehicle
trackingsystems, remote monitoring and control systems, and IoT devices that require
wirelessconnectivity.Itscompactsizeand
lowpowerconsumptionmakeitanidealsolutionforapplicationsthathavestrict sizeand
powerrequirements.

5.6 POWERSUPPLY:

Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or system

thatsupplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or group of loads is called
apower supply unit. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy supplies,
lessoften to mechanical ones, and rarely to others.The regulation of power supplies is done
byincorporating circuitry to tightly control the output voltage and/or current of the
powersupply to a specific value. The specific value is closely maintained despite variations
in
theloadpresentedtothepowersupply'soutput,oranyreasonablevoltagevariationatthepowersuppl
y's input. We can add more than one regulator according to our needed voltage to getthe
different output voltages. From this, we can get the regulated +5V and +/-12V DCsupply.
When you have finished testing the operation of your +5 volt supply, make surepowertoyour
circuitisturnedoff.
37
 CHAPTER

6SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS

38
 CHAPTER6

SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS

 ArduinoIDE
 EmbeddedC
6.1 ArduinoIDE
 The Arduino IDE (Integrated DevelopmentEnvironment)is Software
todevelop the coding in the environment. The Coding is developed and
thenexecutetheprocess.
 Theallthemodules runninginEmbeddedCsoftwarecoding.

Figure 6.1ArduinoIDE

Since the launch of the Arduino open-source platform, the brand has
establishedthemselves at the center of an expansive open-source community. The
Arduinoecosystem is comprised of a diverse combination of hardware and
software. TheversatilityofArduinoanditssimpleinterfacemakesit aleadingchoicefor
awide

39
range of users around the world from hobbists, designers, and artists to
productprototypes.

The Arduino board is connected to a computer via USB, where it connects with
theArduino development environment (IDE). The user writes the Arduino code in
theIDE, then uploads it to the microcontroller which executes the code, interacting
withinputsand outputssuchassensors,motors,andlights.

Both beginners and experts have access to a wealth of free resources and
materialstosupportthem.Userscanlookupinformationonhowtosetuptheirboardoreven
how to code on Arduino. The open source behind Arduino has made it
particularlyfriendlytonewandexperiencedusers.TherearethousandsofArduinocodeex
amplesavailableonline.Inthispost,we’lltakeyouthroughsomebasicprinciplesofcodingfor
Arduino.

40
SerialMonitorandSerialPlotter

Arduino serial monitor can be opened by clicking on the magnifying glass icon
onthe upper right side of the IDE or under tools. The serial monitor is used mainly
forinteracting with the Arduino board using the computer, and is a great tool for
real-time monitoring and debugging. In order to use the monitor, you’ll need to use
theSerialclass.

The code you download from circuito.io has a test section that helps you test
eachcomponentsusingtheserialmonitor,asyoucanseeinthescreenshotbelow:

Figure6.3PortSetupWindow

6.1.1DebuggingArduinoCodeandHardware
Unlike other software programming platforms, Arduino doesn’t have an
onboarddebugger. Users can either use third-party software, or they can utilize the
serialmonitorto printArduino’sactiveprocessesformonitoringand debugging.

41
By using the Serial class, you can print to the serial monitor, debugging
commentsandvaluesofvariables.OnmostArduinomodels,thiswill
beusingserialpins0and1 whichareconnectedtotheUSBport.

6.2 EmbeddedC:

Embedded C is most popular programming language in software field for

developingelectronic gadgets. Each processor used in electronic system is
associated withembedded software.

Embedded C programming plays a key role in performing specific function by

theprocessor. In day-to-day life we used many electronic devices such as mobile
phone,washingmachine,digitalcamera,etc.Thesealldeviceworkingisbasedonmicroco
ntrollerthat areprogrammed byembedded C.

In every embedded system based projects, Embedded C programming plays a

keyrole to make the microcontroller run & perform the preferred actions. At present,
wenormally utilize several electronic devices like mobile phones, washing
machines,securitysystems,refrigerators,digitalcameras,etc.Thecontrollingoftheseem
bedded devices can be done with the help of an embedded C program. Forexample
in a digital camera, if we press a camera button to capture a photo then
themicrocontroller will execute the required function to click the image as well as
tostoreit.

Embedded C programming builds with a set of functions where every function is

asetofstatementsthatareutilizedtoexecutesomeparticulartasks.BoththeembeddedCan
dClanguagesarethesameandimplementedthroughsomefundamentalelementslikeavari
able,characterset,keywords,datatypes,declaration

42
of variables, expressions, statements. All these elements play a key role
whilewritinganembeddedCprogram.

The embedded system designers must know about the hardware architecture to
writeprograms. These programs play a prominent role in monitoring and
controllingexternal devices. They also directly operate and use the internal
architecture of
themicrocontroller,suchasinterrupthandling,timers,serialcommunication,andotherav
ailablefeatures.

43
 CHAPTER

7RESULTS&DISCUSSION

44
 CHAPTER7RESU

LTS&DISCUSSION

7.1Explanation:

The Advanced Parking System using IoT, GSM,and RFID technologies

isdesigned to provide an automated and hassle-free parking experience to users.
Thesystem consists of four IR sensors, a GSM module, an EM18 RFID module, and a
Blynkapplication. The sensors detect the presence of a car in the parking slot and send
thedata to the Blynk application, which displays the real-time parking slot
availabilityinformation on a virtual LED. The GSM module sends an SMS to the user
confirmingthe booking and clearing of a parking slot. The EM18 RFID module is used
to collecttheparkingfeefrom theusers.Thesystem providesan efficientsolution
tothechallengesfaced by conventional parking systems by automating the parking
slotbooking and fee collection process, reducing the time and effort required for
parkingmanagement. The system can be implemented in various parking facilities
such asshoppingmalls, airports, andhospitals toimprovetheparkingexperienceofusers.

45
46
RESULTINBLYNKAPPLICATIONM:

47
 CHAPTER8

CONCLUSIONANDFUTUREEN
HANCEMENT

48
 CHAPTER8

CONCLUSIONANDFUTURE ENHANCEMENT

8.1 Conclusion:

Inconclusion,theAdvancedParkingSystemusingIoT,GSM,andRFIDtechnologies
provides an efficient and reliable solution to the challenges faced byconventional
parking systems. The system offers real-time parking slot availabilityinformation to
the users, automates the parking slot booking and fee collectionprocess,
andprovides aconvenientandseamlessparkingexperiencetotheusers.
ThesystemusesIRsensorstodetectthepresenceofavehicleinaparkingslot,Blynkapplicati
ontodisplaythereal-timeparkingslotavailabilityinformation,GSMmodule to send
SMS notifications to the users, and EM18 RFID module to collectthe parking fee
from the users. The users can access the real-time parking slotavailability
information through a mobile application or a website, book a parkingslot,
andpaytheparkingfeeusinganRFIDcardoramobilepaymentsystem.

8.2 FutureEnhancement:

AlthoughtheAdvancedParkingSystemusingIoT,GSM,andRFIDtechnologiesp
rovidesanefficientandreliablesolutiontothechallengesfacedbyconventional
parking systems, there is still scope for improvement and
furtherresearch.Herearesomeofthefutureworkareas:
1. IntegrationwithSmartCityInfrastructure:Thesystemcanbeintegratedwithsmart
city infrastructure, such as traffic management systems, to provide
morecomprehensive and efficientparkingmanagement solutions.

49
 2. Integration with Artificial Intelligence: The system can be integrated
withartificial intelligence technologies, such as machine learning and
computervision, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of parking slot
detection andfeecollection.
3. Integration withElectricVehicleCharging Stations:Thesystem can
beintegratedwithelectricvehiclechargingstationstoprovideamorecomprehensi
veparkingandchargingmanagementsystemforelectricvehicles.
4. Integration with Blockchain Technology: The system can be integrated
withblockchain technology to provide a more secure and transparent
parkingmanagementsystem,ensuringtheintegrityandtraceabilityofparkingdata
.
In conclusion, the Advanced Parking System using IoT, GSM, and RFID
technologiesprovidesasolidfoundationforfurtherresearch anddevelopmentin
thefieldofautomated parking systems. With continuous improvement and innovation,
the systemcan provide more efficient, secure, and sustainable parking solutions for
smart citiesandurbanareas.

50
APPENDIX

51
 APPENDIX1
ArduinoCoding:

#define BLYNK_PRINT
Serial#include
<ESP8266WiFi.h>#include<Blynk
SimpleEsp8266.h>#include
<SoftwareSerial.h>

constStringPHONE="+919360229935";#d

efinerxPin13 //D4
#definetxPin15//D3
SoftwareSerialsim800(rxPin,txPin);

StringsmsStatus,senderNumber,receivedDate,msg;bool
eanisReply=false;

bool ledState1 = false; // initialize the LED state to

offbool ledState2 = false; // initialize the LED state to
offbool ledState3 = false; // initialize the LED state to
offboolledState4=false;//initializetheLEDstatetooff

charauth[]="QZA_vt8PaNA9BqZyKzC79bvP14_HdqfB";char
ssid[]= "ABCD";//EnteryourWIFIname
charpass[]="12345678";//Enter yourWIFIpassword

//
Selectyourpinwithphysicalbuttoncons
tint btnPin=00;
constintbtnPin2=16;co
nstintbtnPin3=14;cons
tintbtnPin4=12;

WidgetLEDled1(V1);
WidgetLEDled2(V2);
WidgetLEDled3(V3);
WidgetLEDled4(V5);
52
WidgetLEDled6(V6);

53
WidgetLEDled7(V7);
WidgetLEDled8(V8);
WidgetLEDled9(V9);

WidgetLCD lcd

(V4);WidgetLCDlcd1(

V0);BlynkTimertimer;

//
V3LEDWidgetrepresentsthephysicalbuttonstateboolean
btnState=false;
booleanbtnState2=false;b
ooleanbtnState3=false;bo
oleanbtnState4=false;

voidbuttonLedWidget1()
{
lcd.print(0, 0,"S1S2S3S4");
//Readbutton

booleanisPressed=(digitalRead(btnPin)==LOW);
//Ifstatehas changed...
if(isPressed!=btnState){if
(isPressed) {lcd.print(0,
1, "Bsy ");led1.on();
}
else{led1.
off();
lcd.print(0,1,"Avl");
}
btnState=isPressed;
}
}

voidbuttonLedWidget2()
{
//Readbutton
booleanisPressed=(digitalRead(btnPin2)==LOW);

54
//Ifstatehas changed...

55
 if(isPressed!=btnState2)
{if(isPressed) {
led2.on();
lcd.print(4,1,"Bsy");
}
else{led2.
off();
lcd.print(4,1,"Avl");
}
btnState2=isPressed;
}
}

voidbuttonLedWidget3()
{
//Readbutton
booleanisPressed=(digitalRead(btnPin3)==LOW);

//Ifstatehas changed...
if(isPressed!=btnState3)
{if(isPressed) {
led3.on();
lcd.print(8,1,"Bsy");
}
else{led3.
off();
lcd.print(8,1,"Avl");
}
btnState3=isPressed;
}
}
voidbuttonLedWidget4()
{
//Readbutton
booleanisPressed=(digitalRead(btnPin4)==LOW);

//Ifstatehas changed...
if(isPressed!=btnState4)
{if(isPressed) {
led4.on();
lcd.print(12,1,"Bsy");
}
56
else{led4.
off();
lcd.print(12,1,"Avl");

57
 }
btnState4=isPressed;
}
}

voidsetup()
{
// Debug
consoleSerial.begi
n(9600);
Serial.println("NodeMCUserialinitialize");s
im800.begin(9600);
Serial.println("SIM800Lsoftwareserialinitialize");s
msStatus="";
senderNumber="";
receivedDate="";
msg="";

sim800.print("AT+CMGF=1\r");//
SMStextmodedelay(1000);

Blynk.begin(auth,ssid,pass);

pinMode(btnPin,
INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(btnPin2,
INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(btnPin3,
INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(btnPin4,
INPUT_PULLUP);

timer.setInterval(500L,
buttonLedWidget1);timer.setInterval(500L,
buttonLedWidget2);timer.setInterval(500L,
buttonLedWidget3);timer.setInterval(500L,
buttonLedWidget4);
}

voidloop()
{
Blynk.run();buttonL
edWidget4();buttonL
58
edWidget3();buttonL
edWidget2();buttonL
edWidget1();

59
 timer.run();

while(sim800.available())
{parseData(sim800.readString());
}

while(Serial.available())
{sim800.println(Serial.readString());
}

voidparseData(Stringbuff)
{Serial.println(buff);

unsignedintlen,index;

//
Removesent"ATCommand"fromtheresponsestring.index=buf
f.indexOf("\r");
buff.remove(0,index+2);
buff.trim();

if(buff!="OK"){
index=buff.indexOf(":");
Stringcmd=buff.substring(0,index);c
md.trim();

buff.remove(0,index+2);

if(cmd=="+CMTI"){
//get newlyarrivedmemorylocationandstoreitintemp
index=buff.indexOf(",");
Stringtemp=buff.substring(index+1,buff.length());te
mp ="AT+CMGR="+temp +"\r";
//
getthemessagestoredatmemorylocation"temp"sim800.printl
n(temp);
}
60
elseif(cmd=="+CMGR")
{extractSms(buff);

61
 if(senderNumber==PHONE)
{doAction();
}
}

}
else{
//TheresultofATCommand is"OK"
}
}

voidextractSms(Stringbuff)
{unsignedintindex;

index=buff.indexOf(",");
smsStatus=buff.substring(1,index-
1);buff.remove(0,index+2);

senderNumber=buff.substring(0,13);b
uff.remove(0,19);

receivedDate=buff.substring(0,20);b
uff.remove(0,buff.indexOf("\
r"));buff.trim();

index =buff.indexOf("\n\
r");buff=buff.substring(0,index
);buff.trim();
msg=buff;
buff= "";
msg.toLowerCase();
}

voiddoAction(){
if(msg=="slot1")
{led6.on();
Reply("Slot1hasbeenBooked");lc
d1.clear();
lcd1.print(0,0,"MR.XYZ,POLLACHI");
lcd1.print(0,1,"BookedSlot1");
62
}
elseif(msg=="clear1")
{led6.off();
Reply("Slot1hasbeenCleared");lc
d1.clear();
lcd1.print(0,0,"MR.XYZ,POLLACHI");
lcd1.print(0,1,"ClearedSlot1");
}
elseif(msg=="slot2")
{led7.on();
Reply("Slot2hasbeenBooked");lc
d1.clear();
lcd1.print(0,0,"MR.XXX,POLLACHI");
lcd1.print(0,1,"BookedSlot2");
}
elseif(msg=="clear2")
{led7.off();
Reply("Slot2hasbeenCleared");lc
d1.clear();
lcd1.print(0,0,"MR.XXX,POLLACHI");
lcd1.print(0,1,"ClearedSlot2");
}

elseif(msg=="slot3")
{led8.on();
Reply("Slot3hasbeenBooked");lc
d1.clear();
lcd1.print(0,0,"MR.YYY,POLLACHI");
lcd1.print(0,1,"BookedSlot3");
}
elseif(msg=="clear3")
{led8.off();
Reply("Slot3hasbeenCleared");lc
d1.clear();
lcd1.print(0,0,"MR.YYY,POLLACHI");
lcd1.print(0,1,"ClearedSlot3");
}
elseif(msg=="slot4")
{led9.on();
Reply("Slot4hasbeenBooked");lc
d1.clear();
lcd1.print(0,0,"MR.ZZZ,POLLACHI");
63
 lcd1.print(0,1,"BookedSlot4");
}
elseif(msg=="clear4")
{led9.off();
Reply("Slot4hasbeenCleared");lc
d1.clear();
lcd1.print(0,0,"MR.ZZZ,POLLACHI");
lcd1.print(0,1,"ClearedSlot4");
}

smsStatus =
"";senderNumber=
"";receivedDate="
";msg="";
}

voidReply(Stringtext)
{
sim800.print("AT+CMGF=1\
r");delay(1000);
sim800.print("AT+CMGS=\""+PHONE+"\"\
r");delay(1000);
sim800.print(text);
delay(100);
sim800.write(0x1A);//asciicodeforctrl-26//
//sim800.println((char)26); //ascii code for ctrl-26delay(1000);
Serial.println("SMSSentSuccessfully.");
}

64
 APPENDIX2

Rfidcoding:

#include
<Arduino.h>#include
<Wire.h>
#include<LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2Clcd(0x27,16,2);//settheLCDaddressto0x27fora16
charsand 2linedisplay

charinput[12];
intcount = 0;

inta;
intp1 =0,p2 =0,p3= 0,p4 =0;
intc1=0,c2 = 0,c3 =0,c4= 0;

doubletotal=0;intc
ount_prod=0;Strin
g id;
voidsetup()
{
pinMode(16,
INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(13,
INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(14,OUTPUT);
pinMode(12,OUTPUT);

lcd.clear();
Wire.begin();
lcd.init();
65
//initializethelcdlcd.init();
//PrintamessagetotheLCD.

66
 lcd.backlight();Seri
al.begin(9600);lcd.
setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("ADVANCEDCAR");d
elay(2000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);lcd.print("PAR
KINGSYSTEM");
delay
(2000);lcd.clear();l
cd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("WELCOME");de
lay(1000);
}

voidloop()
{
count=0;
while(Serial.available()&&count<12)
{
input[count]=Serial.read();c
ount++;
delay(5);
}
inta=digitalRead(16);

if((strncmp(input, "870091477F2E", 12)==0)&&(a==1))

{

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("TN41 A1234 ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);lcd.print("R
ENT:-50.00
");
digitalWrite(14,HIGH);delay(2
000);
total = total +
50.00;count_prod+
+;digitalWrite(14,LOW
);
67
 }
elseif((strncmp(input, "870091477F2E", 12)==0)&&(a==0))
{
lcd.clear();lcd.set
Cursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SLOT1CLEAR");
digitalWrite(14,HIGH);delay
(2000);
total = total -
0.00;count_prod--;lcd.c
lear();digitalWrite(14,
LOW);lcd.clear();lcd.s
etCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SLOT1AVAIL");
lcd.setCursor(0,
1);lcd.print("TOTA
L");
lcd.setCursor(8,1);
lcd.print(total);delay(20
00);
}

if((strncmp(input, "87007F72AF25",12)==0)&&(a==1))
{
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("TN41 B1234");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);lcd.print("R
ENT:-50.00
");
digitalWrite(14,HIGH);delay(2
000);
total = total +
50.00;count_prod+
+;digitalWrite(14,LOW
);

elseif((strncmp(input,"87007F72AF25", 12)==0)&&(a==0))
{
lcd.clear();lcd.set
68
Cursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SLOT2CLEAR");

69
 digitalWrite(14,
HIGH);delay(2000);
total = total -
0.00;count_prod--;lcd.c
lear();digitalWrite(14,
LOW);lcd.clear();lcd.s
etCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SLOT2AVAIL");
lcd.setCursor(0,
1);lcd.print("TOTA
L");
lcd.setCursor(8,1);
lcd.print(total);delay(20
00);
}

if((strncmp(input, "87007F918EE7", 12)==0)&&(a==1))

{
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("TN41C1234");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);lcd.print("R
ENT:-50.00
");
p3++;
digitalWrite(14,
HIGH);delay(2000);
total = total +
50.00;count_prod+
+;digitalWrite(14,LOW
);

elseif((strncmp(input,"87007F918EE7", 12)==0)&&(a==0))
{
lcd.clear();lcd.setC
ursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SLOT3CLEAR");
digitalWrite(14,HIGH);delay
(2000);
70
total=total-0.00;

71
 count_prod--;lcd.clear(
);digitalWrite(14,
LOW);lcd.clear();lcd.se
tCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SLOT3AVAIL");
lcd.setCursor(0,
1);lcd.print("TOTA
L");
lcd.setCursor(8,1);
lcd.print(total);delay(20
00);
}

if((strncmp(input,"87007FEE7D6B",12)==0)&&(a==1))
{
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("TN41D1234");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);lcd.print("R
ENT:-50.00
");
p2++;
digitalWrite(14,
HIGH);delay(2000);
total = total +
50.00;count_prod+
+;digitalWrite(14,LOW
);

if((strncmp(input,"87007FEE7D6B",12)==0)&&(a==0))
{
lcd.clear();lcd.setC
ursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SLOT4CLEAR");
digitalWrite(14,HIGH);delay
(2000);
total = total -
0.00;count_prod--;lcd.c
lear();digitalWrite(14,
LOW);lcd.clear();lcd.s
72
etCursor(0,0);

73
 lcd.print("SLOT4AVAIL");
lcd.setCursor(0,
1);lcd.print("TOTA
L");
lcd.setCursor(8,1);
lcd.print(total);delay(20
00);
}
}

74
REFERENCES:

75
1. A. N. A. Mohd Zawawi, M. F. A. Abdul Rahim, and M. F. M. Yusof,
"AdvancedParking System using Internet of Things (IoT) and GSM technology,"
InternationalJournal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), vol. 9, no. 3,
pp. 3026-3034,2020.
2. S. D. Dangar and D. R. Dhotre, "IoT based smart parking system using ultrasonic
sensorand GSM module," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer
Science,EngineeringandInformationTechnology(IJSRCSEIT),vol.4,no.2,pp.1-6,2019.
3. S. S. Bharati, S. H. Mehta, and V. D. Mistry, "Smart parking system using
RFIDtechnologyandGSMmodule,"InternationalJournalofAdvancedResearchinElectric
al, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2147-2152,2017.
4. A. Kumar and A. Srivastava, "An IoT-based smart parking system using Raspberry
Piand RFID technology," Journal of King Saud University - Computer and
InformationSciences,vol.33,no.3,pp.269-276,2021.
5. A. Mishra, R. K. Singh, and N. Kumar, "Smart parking system using IoT and
RFIDtechnology," International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science
andSoftwareEngineering,vol.8,no.5,pp.312-316,2018.
6. M. H. Alsharif, "An IoT-based intelligent parking system using RFID and
ultrasonicsensors,"Sensors,vol.21,no.1,pp.1-22,2021.
7. S. M. Elbendary and A. F. El-Shafei, "Smart parking system based on IoT, RFID,
andQRcodetechnologies,"inProceedingsofthe2020IEEEGlobalConferenceonInternetofThi
ngs(GCIoT),pp.1-6,2020.
8. D. Mahajan, N. A. Rajput, and M. A. Shaikh, "Smart parking system using IoT
andRFID technology: A review," in Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference
onIntelligentComputingand ControlSystems(ICICCS),pp.798-803,2018.

76