Pipe Sizing Calculation (based on velocity) Velocity Guidelines

Medium
Medium Oil lines (pump discharge, normal lines)
Flowrate 5500 kg/h Oil lines (pump suction)
Density 922 kg/m3 *check medium density* Oil lines (gravity flow, under vacuum)
Flowrate 5.97 m3/h Water (pump discharge, normal lines)
Water (pump suction)
Pipe size (DN) 40 Water (gravity flow)
Pipe OD 48.3 mm
Pipe Schedule Sch 40/40S Saturated steam
Pipe THK 3.56 mm Superheated steam
Pipe ID 41.18 mm Condensate

Velocity 1.24 m/s Compressed air

Chemicals (phosphoric acid, citric acid etc.)
Solids (bleaching earth, activated carbon)

Vapour in vacuum ducting

 velocity (m/s)
arge, normal lines) 1 to 2 max. ~2.5 *for oil with slurry (BE, AC), try to maintain lower velocity*
0.5 to 1 max. ~1.2, 1.5
, under vacuum) < 0.5 max. 0.5
ge, normal lines) 2 to 3 max. ~3.5
1 to 1.5 max. ~1.5
< 0.5 max. 0.5

20 to 35+ try to maintain around 30 m/s

25 to 40+ superheated steam velocity can be slightly higher
similar to water

similar to superheated steam

ric acid, citric acid etc.) similar to oil
rth, activated carbon) < 0.5 around 0.2 to 0.3, the lower the better to avoid choking

50 to 60 it's ok to be lower, higher than 60 will promote carry over

 Pipe Thickness (mm)
DN (mm) DN (") OD (mm) Sch 10/10S Sch 40/40S Sch STD Sch 80/80S Sch XS
6 1/2 10.3 1.24 1.73 1.73 2.41 2.41
8 1/4 13.7 1.65 2.24 2.24 3.02 3.02
10 3/8 17.1 1.65 2.31 2.31 3.2 3.2
15 1/2 21.3 2.11 2.77 2.77 3.73 3.73
20 3/4 26.7 2.11 2.87 2.87 3.91 3.91
25 1 33.4 2.77 3.38 3.38 4.55 4.55
32 1-1/4 42.2 2.77 3.56 3.56 4.85 4.85
40 1-1/2 48.3 2.77 3.68 3.68 5.08 5.08
50 2 60.3 2.77 3.91 3.91 5.54 5.54
65 2-1/2 73 3.05 5.16 5.16 7.01 7.01
80 3 88.9 3.05 5.49 5.49 7.62 7.62
90 3-1/2 101.6 3.05 5.74 5.74 8.08 8.08
100 4 141.3 3.05 6.02 6.02 8.56 8.56
125 5 168.3 3.4 6.55 6.55 9.53 9.53
150 6 219.1 3.4 7.11 7.11 10.97 10.97
200 8 271.1 3.76 8.18 8.18 12.7 12.7
250 10 323.9 4.19 9.27 9.27 15.09 12.7
300 12 356.6 4.57 10.31 9.53 17.48 12.7
350 14 406.4 4.78 11.13 9.53 19.05 12.7
400 16 457.2 5.54 12.7 9.53 21.44 12.7
450 18 508 5.54 14.27 9.53 23.83 12.7
500 20 558.5 6.35 15.09 9.53 26.19 12.7
550 22 609.6 9.53 28.58 12.7
600 24 660.4 9.53 30.96 12.7
650 26 711.2 9.53 12.7
700 28 762 9.53 12.7
750 30 812.8 9.53 12.7
800 32 812.8 9.53 12.7
850 34 863.6 9.53 12.7
900 36 914.4 9.53 12.7
950 38 965.2 9.53 12.7
1000 40 1018 9.53 12.7
1050 42 1068.8 9.53 12.7
1100 44 1117.8 9.53 12.7
1150 46 1168.4 9.53 12.7
1200 48 1219.2 9.53 12.7
 Standard Vegetable Oil Physical Properties

Temp Density Specific Heat Lambda Viscosity

°C kg/m³ kJ/(kg*K) W/(m*K) cP
0 900.7 1.779 0.1748 667.900
1 900.2 1.783 0.1747 592.400
2 899.6 1.786 0.1746 527.400
3 899.1 1.789 0.1745 471.300
4 898.6 1.792 0.1744 422.700
5 898.0 1.795 0.1743 380.300
6 897.5 1.798 0.1742 343.200
7 897.0 1.801 0.1741 310.700
8 896.5 1.805 0.1740 282.100
9 896.0 1.808 0.1739 256.900
10 895.4 1.811 0.1738 234.500
11 894.9 1.814 0.1737 214.600
12 894.4 1.817 0.1736 196.900
13 893.9 1.820 0.1736 181.100
14 893.4 1.823 0.1735 166.900
15 892.8 1.826 0.1734 154.200
16 892.3 1.830 0.1733 142.700
17 891.8 1.833 0.1732 132.400
18 891.3 1.836 0.1731 123.000
19 890.8 1.839 0.1730 114.500
20 890.3 1.842 0.1729 106.800
21 889.7 1.845 0.1728 99.760
22 889.2 1.848 0.1727 93.350
23 888.7 1.852 0.1726 87.490
24 888.2 1.855 0.1725 82.130
25 887.7 1.858 0.1725 77.210
26 887.2 1.861 0.1724 72.680
27 886.7 1.864 0.1723 68.520
28 886.2 1.867 0.1722 64.680
29 885.7 1.870 0.1721 61.130
30 885.2 1.874 0.1720 57.850
31 884.7 1.877 0.1719 54.820
32 884.2 1.880 0.1718 52.000
33 883.7 1.883 0.1717 49.380
34 883.2 1.886 0.1716 46.950
35 882.6 1.889 0.1716 44.680
36 882.1 1.892 0.1715 42.570
37 881.6 1.896 0.1714 40.590
38 881.1 1.899 0.1713 38.750
39 880.6 1.902 0.1712 37.020
40 880.2 1.905 0.1711 35.410
41 879.7 1.908 0.1710 33.890
42 879.2 1.911 0.1709 32.470
43 878.7 1.914 0.1709 31.130
44 878.2 1.918 0.1708 29.870
45 877.7 1.921 0.1707 28.680
46 877.2 1.924 0.1706 27.560
47 876.7 1.927 0.1705 26.510
 48 876.2 1.930 0.1704 25.510
49 875.7 1.933 0.1703 24.570
50 875.2 1.936 0.1703 23.680
51 874.7 1.940 0.1702 22.840
52 874.2 1.943 0.1701 22.040
53 873.7 1.946 0.1700 21.280
54 873.3 1.949 0.1699 20.560
55 872.8 1.952 0.1698 19.880
56 872.3 1.955 0.1698 19.230
57 871.8 1.958 0.1697 18.610
58 871.3 1.962 0.1696 18.030
59 870.8 1.965 0.1695 17.470
60 870.3 1.968 0.1694 16.930
61 869.9 1.971 0.1693 16.420
62 869.4 1.974 0.1693 15.940
63 868.9 1.977 0.1692 15.470
64 868.4 1.980 0.1691 15.030
65 867.9 1.983 0.1690 14.610
66 867.5 1.987 0.1689 14.200
67 867.0 1.990 0.1689 13.810
68 866.5 1.993 0.1688 13.440
69 866.0 1.996 0.1687 13.090
70 865.6 1.999 0.1686 12.750
71 865.1 2.002 0.1685 12.420
72 864.6 2.005 0.1684 12.100
73 864.1 2.009 0.1684 11.800
74 863.7 2.012 0.1683 11.510
75 863.2 2.015 0.1682 11.230
76 862.7 2.018 0.1681 10.960
77 862.3 2.021 0.1681 10.710
78 861.8 2.024 0.1680 10.460
79 861.3 2.027 0.1679 10.220
80 860.8 2.031 0.1678 9.989
81 860.4 2.034 0.1677 9.767
82 859.9 2.037 0.1677 9.553
83 859.4 2.040 0.1676 9.347
84 859.0 2.043 0.1675 9.147
85 858.5 2.046 0.1674 8.955
86 858.1 2.049 0.1674 8.769
87 857.6 2.053 0.1673 8.590
88 857.1 2.056 0.1672 8.417
89 856.7 2.059 0.1671 8.249
90 856.2 2.062 0.1670 8.087
91 855.8 2.065 0.1670 7.930
92 855.3 2.068 0.1669 7.778
93 854.8 2.071 0.1668 7.631
94 854.4 2.075 0.1667 7.488
95 853.9 2.078 0.1667 7.350
96 853.5 2.081 0.1666 7.217
97 853.0 2.084 0.1665 7.087
98 852.6 2.087 0.1664 6.961
99 852.1 2.090 0.1664 6.839
100 851.7 2.093 0.1663 6.721
101 851.2 2.097 0.1662 6.606
102 850.8 2.100 0.1662 6.495
103 850.3 2.103 0.1661 6.386
104 849.9 2.106 0.1660 6.281
105 849.4 2.109 0.1659 6.179
106 849.0 2.112 0.1659 6.080
107 848.5 2.115 0.1658 5.983
108 848.1 2.119 0.1657 5.889
109 847.6 2.122 0.1656 5.798
110 847.2 2.125 0.1656 5.709
111 846.7 2.128 0.1655 5.622
112 846.3 2.131 0.1654 5.538
113 845.8 2.134 0.1654 5.456
114 845.4 2.137 0.1653 5.376
115 845.0 2.141 0.1652 5.298
116 844.5 2.144 0.1652 5.222
117 844.1 2.147 0.1651 5.148
118 843.6 2.150 0.1650 5.076
119 843.2 2.153 0.1649 5.006
120 842.8 2.156 0.1649 4.937
121 842.3 2.159 0.1648 4.870
122 841.9 2.162 0.1647 4.805
123 841.5 2.166 0.1647 4.741
124 841.0 2.169 0.1646 4.679
125 840.6 2.172 0.1645 4.618
126 840.2 2.175 0.1645 4.559
127 839.7 2.178 0.1644 4.501
128 839.3 2.181 0.1643 4.445
129 838.9 2.184 0.1643 4.389
130 838.4 2.188 0.1642 4.335
131 838.0 2.191 0.1641 4.283
132 837.6 2.194 0.1641 4.231
133 837.2 2.197 0.1640 4.181
134 836.7 2.200 0.1639 4.131
135 836.3 2.203 0.1639 4.083
136 835.9 2.206 0.1638 4.036
137 835.5 2.210 0.1637 3.990
138 835.0 2.213 0.1637 3.944
139 834.6 2.216 0.1636 3.900
140 834.2 2.219 0.1635 3.857
141 833.8 2.222 0.1635 3.814
142 833.3 2.225 0.1634 3.773
143 832.9 2.228 0.1633 3.732
144 832.5 2.232 0.1633 3.692
145 832.1 2.235 0.1632 3.653
146 831.7 2.238 0.1632 3.615
147 831.3 2.241 0.1631 3.577
148 830.8 2.244 0.1630 3.541
149 830.4 2.247 0.1630 3.505
150 830.0 2.250 0.1629 3.469
151 829.6 2.254 0.1628 3.435
152 829.2 2.257 0.1628 3.401
153 828.8 2.260 0.1627 3.367
154 828.4 2.263 0.1627 3.335
155 828.0 2.266 0.1626 3.303
156 827.5 2.269 0.1625 3.271
157 827.1 2.272 0.1625 3.240
158 826.7 2.276 0.1624 3.210
159 826.3 2.279 0.1624 3.180
160 825.9 2.282 0.1623 3.151
161 825.5 2.285 0.1622 3.122
162 825.1 2.288 0.1622 3.094
163 824.7 2.291 0.1621 3.066
164 824.3 2.294 0.1621 3.039
165 823.9 2.298 0.1620 3.012
166 823.5 2.301 0.1619 2.986
167 823.1 2.304 0.1619 2.960
168 822.7 2.307 0.1618 2.935
169 822.3 2.310 0.1618 2.910
170 821.9 2.313 0.1617 2.886
171 821.5 2.316 0.1616 2.862
172 821.1 2.319 0.1616 2.838
173 820.7 2.323 0.1615 2.815
174 820.3 2.326 0.1615 2.792
175 819.9 2.329 0.1614 2.769
176 819.5 2.332 0.1614 2.747
177 819.1 2.335 0.1613 2.725
178 818.7 2.338 0.1613 2.704
179 818.3 2.341 0.1612 2.683
180 818.0 2.345 0.1611 2.662
181 817.6 2.348 0.1611 2.642
182 817.2 2.351 0.1610 2.622
183 816.8 2.354 0.1610 2.602
184 816.4 2.357 0.1609 2.582
185 816.0 2.360 0.1609 2.563
186 815.6 2.363 0.1608 2.544
187 815.2 2.367 0.1608 2.526
188 814.8 2.370 0.1607 2.508
189 814.5 2.373 0.1607 2.490
190 814.1 2.376 0.1606 2.472
191 813.7 2.379 0.1605 2.454
192 813.3 2.382 0.1605 2.437
193 812.9 2.385 0.1604 2.420
194 812.6 2.389 0.1604 2.403
195 812.2 2.392 0.1603 2.387
196 811.8 2.395 0.1603 2.371
197 811.4 2.398 0.1602 2.355
198 811.0 2.401 0.1602 2.339
199 810.7 2.404 0.1601 2.324
200 810.3 2.407 0.1601 2.308
201 809.9 2.411 0.1600 2.293
202 809.5 2.414 0.1600 2.278
203 809.2 2.417 0.1599 2.264
204 808.8 2.420 0.1599 2.249
205 808.4 2.423 0.1598 2.235
206 808.1 2.426 0.1598 2.221
207 807.7 2.429 0.1597 2.207
208 807.3 2.433 0.1597 2.193
209 806.9 2.436 0.1596 2.180
210 806.6 2.439 0.1596 2.166
211 806.2 2.442 0.1595 2.153
212 805.8 2.445 0.1595 2.140
213 805.5 2.448 0.1594 2.127
214 805.1 2.451 0.1594 2.115
215 804.7 2.455 0.1593 2.102
216 804.4 2.458 0.1593 2.090
217 804.0 2.461 0.1592 2.078
218 803.7 2.464 0.1592 2.066
219 803.3 2.467 0.1592 2.054
220 802.9 2.470 0.1591 2.042
221 802.6 2.473 0.1591 2.031
222 802.2 2.476 0.1590 2.020
223 801.9 2.480 0.1590 2.008
224 801.5 2.483 0.1589 1.997
225 801.1 2.486 0.1589 1.986
226 800.8 2.489 0.1588 1.975
227 800.4 2.492 0.1588 1.965
228 800.1 2.495 0.1587 1.954
229 799.7 2.498 0.1587 1.944
230 799.4 2.502 0.1587 1.933
231 799.0 2.505 0.1586 1.923
232 798.7 2.508 0.1586 1.913
233 798.3 2.511 0.1585 1.903
234 798.0 2.514 0.1585 1.893
235 797.6 2.517 0.1584 1.884
236 797.3 2.520 0.1584 1.874
237 796.9 2.524 0.1583 1.865
238 796.6 2.527 0.1583 1.855
239 796.2 2.530 0.1583 1.846
240 795.9 2.533 0.1582 1.837
241 795.5 2.536 0.1582 1.828
242 795.2 2.539 0.1581 1.819
243 794.9 2.542 0.1581 1.810
244 794.5 2.546 0.1581 1.801
245 794.2 2.549 0.1580 1.793
246 793.8 2.552 0.1580 1.784
247 793.5 2.555 0.1579 1.776
248 793.2 2.558 0.1579 1.767
249 792.8 2.561 0.1579 1.759
250 792.5 2.564 0.1578 1.751
251 792.1 2.568 0.1578 1.743
252 791.8 2.571 0.1577 1.735
253 791.5 2.574 0.1577 1.727
254 791.1 2.577 0.1577 1.719
255 790.8 2.580 0.1576 1.712
256 790.5 2.583 0.1576 1.704
257 790.1 2.586 0.1575 1.696
258 789.8 2.590 0.1575 1.689
259 789.5 2.593 0.1575 1.681
260 789.1 2.596 0.1574 1.674
261 788.8 2.599 0.1574 1.667
262 788.5 2.602 0.1574 1.660
263 788.2 2.605 0.1573 1.653
264 787.8 2.608 0.1573 1.646
265 787.5 2.612 0.1572 1.639
266 787.2 2.615 0.1572 1.632
267 786.9 2.618 0.1572 1.625
268 786.5 2.621 0.1571 1.618
269 786.2 2.624 0.1571 1.612
270 785.9 2.627 0.1571 1.605
271 785.6 2.630 0.1570 1.598
272 785.3 2.633 0.1570 1.592
273 784.9 2.637 0.1570 1.586
274 784.6 2.640 0.1569 1.579
275 784.3 2.643 0.1569 1.573
276 784.0 2.646 0.1569 1.567
277 783.7 2.649 0.1568 1.561
278 783.3 2.652 0.1568 1.554
279 783.0 2.655 0.1568 1.548
280 782.7 2.659 0.1567 1.542
281 782.4 2.662 0.1567 1.537
282 782.1 2.665 0.1567 1.531
283 781.8 2.668 0.1566 1.525
284 781.5 2.671 0.1566 1.519
285 781.2 2.674 0.1566 1.513
286 780.8 2.677 0.1565 1.508
287 780.5 2.681 0.1565 1.502
288 780.2 2.684 0.1565 1.497
289 779.9 2.687 0.1564 1.491
290 779.6 2.690 0.1564 1.486
291 779.3 2.693 0.1564 1.480
292 779.0 2.696 0.1564 1.475
293 778.7 2.699 0.1563 1.470
294 778.4 2.703 0.1563 1.465
295 778.1 2.706 0.1563 1.459
296 777.8 2.709 0.1562 1.454
297 777.5 2.712 0.1562 1.449
298 777.2 2.715 0.1562 1.444
299 776.9 2.718 0.1561 1.439
X Steam Tables
Excel macros, IF-97 Steam tables. The excel scripts are stored inside this workbook. A complete list of functions for use is available on the
By: Magnus Holmgren The steam tables are free and provided as is. We take no responsibilities for any errors in the code or d
www.x-eng.com OBS: This workbook uses macros. Set security options in Tools:Macro:Security… to enable macros.

Saturation properties given temperature Saturation properties given pressure

Temperature 38.00 °C Pressure 4.000 bar a
Saturation pressure 4.000 bar a Saturation temperature 143.61 °C
Liquid Liquid
Enthalpy 159.2 kJ/kg Enthalpy 604.7 kJ/kg
Density 992.93 kg/m3 Density 922.88 kg/m3
Entropy 0.55 kJ/kgK Entropy 1.78 kJ/kgK
Vapour Vapour
Vapour enthalpy 2570.0 kJ/kg Vapour enthalpy 2738.1 kJ/kg
Vapour density 0.05 kg/m3 Vapour density 2.16 kg/m3
Vapour Entropy 8.29 kJ/kgK vapour Entropy 6.90 kJ/kgK
Evaporation energy 2410.8 kJ/kg Evaporation energy 2133.3 kJ/kg

Properties given pressure and temperature Properties given pressure and enthalpy
Pressure 1.00 bar a Pressure 12.57 bar a
Temperature 20.00 °C Enthalpy 2788.00 kJ/kg
Enthalpy 84.0 kJ/kg Temperature 191.0 °C
Density 998.21 kg/m3 Density 6.39 kg/m3
Entropy 0.30 kJ/kgK Entropy 6.51 kJ/kgK
Vapour fraction 0% Vapour fraction 100 %
IF97 Region 1 IF97 Region 2
Phase Liquid Phase Steam
Isobaric heat capacity 4.184798 kJ/kg Isobaric heat capacity 2.819479 kJ/kg
Speed of sound 1483.417 m/s Speed of sound 503.5512 m/s
 of functions for use is available on the "Calling functions" worksheet
sibilities for any errors in the code or damage thereby.
Macro:Security… to enable macros.
X Steam Tables v2.6 http://www.x-eng.com
Steam tables by Magnus Holmgren according to IAPWS IF-97
The excel scripts are stored inside this workbook. (No extra files are needed. Start from a copy of this workbook. This page can be removed)
For error-reporting, feedback, other units etc. contact: [email protected]
The steam tables are free and provided as is. We take no responsibilities for any errors in the code or damage thereby.
OBS: This workbook uses macros. Set security options in Tools:Macro:Security… to enable macros.

Temperature
Tsat_p 10 bar 179.885632 °C Saturation temperature
T_ph 1 bar 200 kJ/kg 47.7591645 °C Temperture as a function of pressur
T_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) 73.7085942 °C Temperture as a function of pressur
T_hs 100 kJ/kg 0.2 kJ/(kg K) 13.8493351 °C Temperture as a function of enthalp
Pressure
psat_T 100 °C 1.01417978 bar Saturation pressure
p_hs 84 kJ/kg 0.3 kJ/(kg K) 2.29549827 bar Pressure as a function of h and s.
p_hrho 2000 kJ/kg 5 kg/m3 6.04646903 bar Pressure as a function of h and rho
Enthalpy
hV_p 1 bar 2674.94964 kJ/kg Saturated vapour enthalpy
hL_p 1 bar 417.436486 kJ/kg Saturated liquid enthalpy
hV_T 100 °C 2675.57203 kJ/kg Saturated vapour enthalpy
hL_T 100 °C 419.099155 kJ/kg Saturated liquid enthalpy
h_pT 1 bar 20 °C 84.0118112 kJ/kg Entalpy as a function of pressure an
h_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) 308.610717 kJ/kg Entalpy as a function of pressure an
h_px 1 bar 0.5 1546.19306 kJ/kg Entalpy as a function of pressure an
h_Tx 100 °C 0.5 1547.33559 kJ/kg Entalpy as a function of temperature
h_prho 1 bar 2 kg/m3 1082.77339 kJ/kg Entalpy as a function of pressure an
Specific volume
vV_p 1 bar 1.69402252 m3/kg Saturated vapour volume
vL_p 1 bar 0.00104315 m3/kg Saturated liquid volume
vV_T 100 °C 1.6718606 m3/kg Saturated vapour volume
vL_T 100 °C 0.00104346 m3/kg Saturated liquid volume
v_pT 1 bar 100 °C 1.69595941 m3/kg Specific volume as a function of pre
v_ph 1 bar 1000 kJ/kg 0.43792566 m3/kg Specific volume as a function of pre
v_ps 1 bar 5 kJ/(kg K) 1.03463539 m3/kg Specific volume as a function of pre
Density
rhoV_p 1 bar 0.59031092 kg/m3 Saturated vapour density
rhoL_p 1 bar 958.63689 kg/m3 Saturated liquid density
rhoV_T 100 °C 0.59813599 kg/m3 Saturated vapour density
rhoL_T 100 °C 958.354277 kg/m3 Saturated liquid density
rho_pT 1 bar 100 °C 0.58963675 kg/m3 Density as a function of pressure an
rho_ph 1 bar 1000 kJ/kg 2.2834926 kg/m3 Density as a function of pressure an
rho_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) 975.623679 kg/m3 Density as a function of pressure an
Specific entropy
sV_p 0.01 bar 9.15546556 kJ/(kg K) Saturated vapour entropy
sL_p 0.01 bar 1.8359E-05 kJ/(kg K) Saturated liquid entropy
sV_T 0 °C 9.15575672 kJ/(kg K) Saturated vapour entropy
sL_T 100 °C 1.30701433 kJ/(kg K) Saturated liquid entropy
s_pT 1 bar 20 °C 0.29648292 kJ/(kg K) Specific entropy as a function of pre
s_ph 1 bar 84 kJ/kg 0.29681384 kJ/(kg K) Specific entropy as a function of pre
Specific internal energy
uV_p 1 bar 2505.54739 kJ/kg Saturated vapour internal energy
uL_p 1 bar 417.332171 kJ/kg Saturated liquid internal energy
uV_T 100 °C 2506.01531 kJ/kg Saturated vapour internal energy
uL_T 100 °C 418.99333 kJ/kg Saturated liquid internal energy
u_pT 1 bar 100 °C 2506.17143 kJ/kg Specific internal energy as a functio
u_ph 1 bar 1000 kJ/kg 956.207434 kJ/kg Specific internal energy as a functio
u_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) 308.508219 kJ/kg Specific internal energy as a functio
Specific isobaric heat capacity
CpV_p 1 bar 2.07593803 kJ/(kg°C) Saturated vapour heat capacity
CpL_p 1 bar 4.21614943 kJ/(kg°C) Saturated liquid heat capacity
CpV_T 100 °C 2.07749187 kJ/(kg°C) Saturated vapour heat capacity
CpL_T 100 °C 4.21664512 kJ/(kg°C) Saturated liquid heat capacity
Cp_pT 1 bar 100 °C 2.07410855 kJ/(kg°C) Specific isobaric heat capacity as a
Cp_ph 1 bar 200 kJ/kg 4.17913573 kJ/(kg°C) Specific isobaric heat capacity as a
Cp_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) 4.19060704 kJ/(kg°C) Specific isobaric heat capacity as a
Specific isochoric heat capacity
CvV_p 1 bar 1.55269698 kJ/(kg°C) Saturated vapour isochoric heat cap
CvL_p 1 bar 3.76969968 kJ/(kg°C) Saturated liquid isochoric heat capa
CvV_T 100 °C 1.5536987 kJ/(kg°C) Saturated vapour isochoric heat cap
CvL_T 100 °C 3.76770022 kJ/(kg°C) Saturated liquid isochoric heat capa
Cv_pT 1 bar 100 °C 1.55139725 kJ/(kg°C) Specific isochoric heat capacity as a
Cv_ph 1 bar 200 kJ/kg 4.03517636 kJ/(kg°C) Specific isochoric heat capacity as a
Cv_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) 3.90291947 kJ/(kg°C) Specific isochoric heat capacity as a
Speed of sound
wV_p 1 bar 472.054157 m/s Saturated vapour speed of sound
wL_p 1 bar 1545.45195 m/s Saturated liquid speed of sound
wV_T 100 °C 472.255949 m/s Saturated vapour speed of sound
wL_T 100 °C 1545.09225 m/s Saturated liquid speed of sound
w_pT 1 bar 100 °C 472.337524 m/s Speed of sound as a function of pre
w_ph 1 bar 200 kJ/kg 1542.68248 m/s Speed of sound as a function of pre
w_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) 1557.85854 m/s Speed of sound as a function of pre
Dynamic Viscosity
Viscosity is not part of IAPWS Steam IF97. Equations from "Revised Release on the IAPWS Formulation 1985 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substan
Viscosity in the mixed region (4) is interpolated according to the density. This is not true since it will be two fases.
my_pT 1 bar 100 °C 1.227E-05 Pa s Viscosity as a function of pressure a
my_ph 1 bar 100 kJ/kg 9.1400E-04 Pa s Viscosity as a function of pressure a
my_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) 3.8422E-04 Pa s Viscosity as a function of pressure a
Prandtl
Calcualted as Cp*my/tc
pr_pT 1 bar 200 °C 9.5781E-01 -
pr_ph 1 bar 2875 kJ/kg 9.5781E-01 -
Thermal Conductivity
Revised release on the IAPS Formulation 1985 for the Thermal Conductivity of ordinary water substance (IAPWS 1998)
tcL_p 100 bar 0.52454019 W/(m K) Saturated vapour thermal conductiv
tcV_p 1 bar 0.02475367 W/(m K) Saturated liquid thermal conductivity
tcL_T 100 °C 0.67775751 W/(m K) Saturated vapour thermal conductiv
tcV_T 100 °C 0.02479387 W/(m K) Saturated liquid thermal conductivity
tc_pT 100 bar 350 °C 0.0685453 W/(m K) Thermal conductivity as a function o
tc_ph 1 bar 350 kJ/(kg K) 0.66929633 W/(m K) Thermal conductivity as a function o
tc_hs 100 kJ/(kg K) 0.34 kJ/(kg K) 0.60628312 W/(m K) Thermal conductivity as a function o
Surface Tension
IAPWS Release on Surface Tension of Ordinary Water Substance, September 1994
st_T 100 °C 0.07550766 N/m Surface tension for two phase wate
st_p 1 bar 0.05898778 N/m Surface tension for two phase wate
Vapour fraction
x_ph 1 bar 1000 kJ/kg 0.25805542 Vapour fraction as a function of pres
x_ps 1 bar 4 kJ/(kg K) 0.44539796 Vapour fraction as a function of pres
Vapour Volume Fraction
Observe that vapour volume fraction is very sensitive. Vapour volume is about 1000 times greater than liquid volume and therfore vapour volume fraction
gets close to the accurancy of steam IF-97
vx_ph 1 bar 418 kJ/kg 0.2885 Vapour volume fraction as a functio
vx_ps 1 bar 4 kJ/(kg K) 0.9992 Vapour volume fraction as a functio

Version history
News in V2.6
* Error in valid region for function tc_ptrho
* Error in function h3_pt for temperatures near the saturation point.
News in V2.5
* DLL distrubution for use in other applications
* Freebasic translation
* Fixed small error in Cv Region 5 p>1000bar
News in V2.4a
* ToSIUnit for h_ps region 4. (No effect in SI unit version).
News in V2.4
* Functions by p,rho inplemented in matlab also.
* Many missing ; in matlab causing printouts detected.
* OpenOffice version introduced. (Fixed calculation differences in open office and excel)
* Matlab error giving varaible undefined in some backwards solutions fixed.
News in V2.3
* Option Explicit, gives more efficient calculations.
* Extensive testing
* my_ph not defined in region 4.
* Problems at region border for h4V_p to adress solver problems at the exact border.
* Problem at fast border check in region_ph fixed.
News in V2.2
* Extensive testing
* Fixed error in Cp_ph
* Function p_hrho added. (Very good for calcualting pressure when heating a volume with water/steam mixture.)
* Fixed error in T_hs return no value for vet region bellow the water saturation line.
* Prandtl number added
News in V2.1
* Calling function h_prho
* Fixed problem with Cv reporting NaN in region 5.
* Equivivalent to the Matlab version. (Downloadable from www.x-eng.com)
News in V2
* Calling functions of h and s added.
* Thermal conductivity, Surface tension added
* Calling functions h_px and h_tx added.
* Cp, Cv and w undefined in the mixed region. (Before interpolation with the vapor fraction was used.)
* A work sheet "Properties" for simple lookups added.
age can be removed)

on temperature
ture as a function of pressure and enthalpy
ture as a function of pressure and entropy
ture as a function of enthalpy and entropy

e as a function of h and s.
e as a function of h and rho (density). Very unaccurate for solid water region since it's almost incompressible!

ed vapour enthalpy
ed liquid enthalpy
ed vapour enthalpy
ed liquid enthalpy
as a function of pressure and temperature.
as a function of pressure and entropy.
as a function of pressure and vapour fraction
as a function of temperature and vapour fraction
as a function of pressure and density. Observe for low temperatures (liquid) this equation has 2 solutions. (Not valid!!)

ed vapour volume
ed liquid volume
ed vapour volume
ed liquid volume
volume as a function of pressure and temperature.
volume as a function of pressure and enthalpy
volume as a function of pressure and entropy.

ed vapour density
ed liquid density
ed vapour density
ed liquid density
as a function of pressure and temperature.
as a function of pressure and enthalpy
as a function of pressure and entropy.

ed vapour entropy
ed liquid entropy
ed vapour entropy
ed liquid entropy
entropy as a function of pressure and temperature (Returns saturated vapour entalpy if mixture.)
entropy as a function of pressure and enthalpy

ed vapour internal energy

ed liquid internal energy
ed vapour internal energy
ed liquid internal energy
internal energy as a function of pressure and temperature.
internal energy as a function of pressure and enthalpy
internal energy as a function of pressure and entropy.

ed vapour heat capacity

ed liquid heat capacity
ed vapour heat capacity
ed liquid heat capacity
isobaric heat capacity as a function of pressure and temperature.
isobaric heat capacity as a function of pressure and enthalpy
isobaric heat capacity as a function of pressure and entropy.

ed vapour isochoric heat capacity

ed liquid isochoric heat capacity
ed vapour isochoric heat capacity
ed liquid isochoric heat capacity
isochoric heat capacity as a function of pressure and temperature.
isochoric heat capacity as a function of pressure and enthalpy
isochoric heat capacity as a function of pressure and entropy.

ed vapour speed of sound

ed liquid speed of sound
ed vapour speed of sound
ed liquid speed of sound
of sound as a function of pressure and temperature.
of sound as a function of pressure and enthalpy
of sound as a function of pressure and entropy.

Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance", 2003 are used.

y as a function of pressure and temperature.

y as a function of pressure and enthalpy
y as a function of pressure and entropy.

ed vapour thermal conductivity

ed liquid thermal conductivity
ed vapour thermal conductivity
ed liquid thermal conductivity
l conductivity as a function of pressure and temperature.
l conductivity as a function of pressure and enthalpy
l conductivity as a function of enthalpy and entropy

tension for two phase water/steam as a function of T

tension for two phase water/steam as a function of P

fraction as a function of pressure and enthalpy

fraction as a function of pressure and entropy.

nd therfore vapour volume fraction

volume fraction as a function of pressure and enthalpy

volume fraction as a function of pressure and entropy.