Chapter 3 Toolkit Name: __________________________________

What is Slope?
Slope measures the _____________________ of a ___________. It’s also the Rate of Change.

On a graph, slope represents the _________ of the _______________ _______________ (____)

to the __________________ ________________ (_____)

How Do We Find Slope on a Graph?

Define our ∆𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑦 using a ___________ _______________ Example:

∆𝑥 = ∆𝑦 = ∆𝑦 =

∆𝑥 =

Slope =

Always read/measure ∆𝑥 from left to right

If slope is ___________________, the line is ________________________

If slope is ___________________, the line is ________________________

Examples: Draw a slope triangle (be sure to choose grid points at whole numbers) to find:

∆𝑦 = ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑦 = ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑦 = ∆𝑥 =

Slope = Slope = Slope =

Finding Slope from a Table:

Calculate the change in y (∆𝑦) divided by the change in x (∆𝑥). Be consistent in your choice of values.
1. 2.
x -1 0 1 2

y 12 7 2 -3

Slope = ------------ = --------------- Slope = ------------ = ---------------

Finding Slope from an Equation:

figure 0 figure 4

Fig. # -1 0 1 2 3

# of tiles -1 1 3 5 7

How is it changing: _____ Initial Value: _____

Equation: __________________

Horizontal Lines Vertical Lines

Slope of horizontal lines is always _______________ Slope of vertical lines is always _______________

The equation of horizontal lines are: ____________ The equation of vertical lines are: ____________

What are linear functions?

Linear functions describe relationships that grow at a _______________________________.

Graph Table Equation

Linear a straight __________ ________ growth Slope-Intercept Form

y = mx + b

x 1 2 3 4 Standard Form
y 8 10 12 14 Ax + By = C

Nonlinear not a straight line ___ ___________ growth Has something other
than just “x”.
x 1 2 3 4
2
y 2 3 7 -2
Ex: 𝑦 =𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥
Finding Intercepts:

The x- and y-intercepts are the points on a graph that ________________ the x- and y-axis.

So, the x-intercept always has a y-value of ________, and the y-intercept always has an x-value of _______.

The y-intercept is the _________________ ____________ in a tile pattern.

From a graph From a table

x -4 -2 0 2

y 0 1 2 3

x-intercept: where y = ________: ( , 0 ) x-intercept: where y = ________: ( , 0 )

y - intercept: where x = _______: ( 0 , ) y - intercept: where x = _______: ( 0 , )

From an equation

Standard Form (Ax + By = C) Slope-Intercept Form (y = mx+b)

Tells us the _______ and _______ ____________ Tells us the __________ ( ___)

Tells us the y-______________ (___)

8𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 16 1
𝑦= 2
𝑥 +2

x-intercept: substitute ____ for y and solve for x

x-intercept: substitute ____ for y and solve for x

y-intercept: substitute ____ for x and solve for y

y-intercept: substitute ____ for x and solve for y
Graphing Linear Equations

Graphing Slope-Intercept Form y = mx + b

Steps:

1. Identify the ___________ as ____

∆𝑦
2. Identify the ___________ as ____ = ∆𝑥

Note: if the slope is a whole number, ∆x = ____.

3. Plot the y-intercept.

4. ∆ y determines how far ________ or __________

and ∆ x determines how far __________ from the

y-intercept

5. Connect your points and extend the line.

Graphing Standard Form Equations Ax + By = C

Steps: Example : Graph -4x + 4y = 8

1. Find the ____ and __________________ by x-intercept: y-intercept:

replacing the other variable with _____

2. Plot the x- and y-intercepts

3. Connect the points and extend the line

Functions & Relations
_____________ take one set of numbers called ___________ and map them to another set called __________

A ______________ is a relation where every input has ___________ ___ output.

Function Not a Function (only a relation)

Table

Graph

Vertical Line Test: A relation is a function if every _____________ _________ passes through the graph at only

_______ ______________

Function Notation

We write functions using function notation. EX: 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5 becomes: ______________________

We read this as “ ____ _____ ___ equals two x plus 5”

We just replace y with ________ or really any letter (______________________________)

Evaluating Functions

To evaluate means to find the ____________ Example: Evaluate 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5 at x = 2

of a function for a given ____________

 Domain and Range
Domain: All ______________ ( ___ - values) that produce a real output

- On a graph, read the domain _____________ to _____________

Range: All possible ________________ (___ - values)

- On a graph, read the range ________________ to _______________

-

Domain and range are ____________ if there are finitely many values in each

Domain and range are _____________ if there are infinitely many values in each

Domain and Range Notation (Symbols)

Inequality Interval

⚫
Domain and Range of a Graph: Domain and Range of a Graph:

Discrete Discrete

or or

Continuous? Continuous?

Interval Inequality Set of values:

D: D:

R: R:

Domain and Range of a Table:

x -3 -1 5 7 8 Domain:

y 6 -2 7 4 1
Range: