Isc CL 11, 12 Prepositions
Isc CL 11, 12 Prepositions
Introduction to Prepositions
Prepositions are words that join a noun, a pronoun or a group of words acting as a noun
with another part of a sentence. A preposition should always have at least one
object (noun, pronoun or a group of words acting as a noun). This is the object that it
joins with the rest of the sentence.
For example:
(Here, ‘near’ is a preposition that connects the noun ‘the temple’ with the rest of the
sentence. ‘The temple’ is the object of the preposition, i.e., the prepositional object.)
Purpose of Prepositions
A preposition shows the relation between its object and the part of a sentence with
which it joins the object. Consider the following examples to understand the different
relations shown by a preposition.
Here, ‘on’ is the preposition that connects ‘Monday’ with the rest of the
sentence. ‘Monday’ is the prepositional object.
Very clearly, ‘Monday’ has to be linked in some manner with ‘Nalini will return’.
When ‘on’ is added to the empty space, one gets to know WHEN Nalini will
return. She will return ON Monday. Hence, in this sentence, the preposition
indicates TIME.
Here, ‘in’ is the preposition that connects ‘the park’ with the rest of the
sentence. ‘The park’ is the prepositional object.
Very clearly, ‘the park’ has to be linked in some manner with ‘Kapil is waiting’.
When ‘in’ is added in the empty space, one gets to know WHERE Kapil is
waiting. He is waiting IN the park. Hence, in this sentence, the preposition
indicates PLACE.
Here, ‘toward’ is the preposition that connects ‘Raju’s house’ with the rest of the
sentence. ‘Raju’s house’ is the prepositional object.
Very clearly, ‘Raju’s house’ has to be linked in some manner with ‘Unni is going’.
When ‘toward’ is added to the empty space, one gets to know WHERE Unni is
going. He is going TOWARD Raju’s house. Hence, in this sentence, the
preposition indicates MOVEMENT.
One should not learn things by rote.
Here, ‘by’ is the preposition that connects ‘rote’ with the rest of the
sentence. ‘Rote’ is the prepositional object.
Very clearly, ‘rote’ has to be linked in some manner with ‘one should not learn
things’. When ‘by’ is added to the empty space, one gets to know HOW not to
learn things. Things should not be learnt BY rote. Hence, in this sentence, the
preposition indicates MANNER.
Here, ‘for’ is the preposition that connects ‘a vacation’ with the rest of the
sentence. ‘A vacation’ is the prepositional object.
Very clearly, ‘a vacation’ has to be linked in some manner with ‘Yudhishtir went to
Darjeeling’. When ‘for’ is added to the empty space, one gets to
know WHY Yudhishtir went to Darjeeling. He went there FOR a vacation. Hence,
in this sentence, the preposition indicates PURPOSE.
Here, ‘of’ is the preposition that connects ‘a leg’ with ‘the round table’. ‘The round
table’ is the prepositional object.
Gagan Joseph’s new song is just like the one Tony Martini had composed for the
movie ‘A September Evening’.
Here, ‘like’ is the preposition that connects ‘Gagan Joseph’s new song’ with ‘the one
Tony Martini had composed’. ‘The one’ is the prepositional object.
Gagan Joseph’s new song is just ______ the one Tony Martini had composed for the
movie ‘A September Evening’.
Very clearly, ‘Gagan Joseph’s new song’ has to be linked in some manner with ‘the
one Tony Martini had composed’. When ‘like’ is added to the empty space, it
becomes clear that the new song composed by Gagan Joseph is very
much LIKE the one composed by Tony Martini for the movie ‘A September
Evening’. Hence, in this sentence, the preposition
indicates SIMILARITY/COMPARISON.
Here, ‘by’ is the preposition that connects ‘the toy given to the little boy’ with ‘his
parents’. ‘His parents’ is the prepositional object.
The toy was given to the little boy _____ his parents.
Very clearly, ‘the toy given to the little boy’ has to be linked in some manner with ‘his
parents’. When ‘by’ is added to the empty space, it becomes clear as to WHO gave
the toy to the little boy. It was given to him BY his parents. Hence, in this
sentence, the preposition indicates SOURCE/AGENCY.
The Preposition AT
AT Indicating PRICE
The apples are being sold at twenty rupees per kilogram.
AT Indicating MANNER
Shashi was running at top speed to escape the ghost in the white dress.
AT Indicating DIRECTION
Ghosh was shouting at Mithun for throwing away his wicket after getting a start.
AT Indicating PLACE/POSITION/LOCATION
You will find the marriage party at the end of this road.
Mr. Jones will be staying at the Traveller’s Paradise hotel for the next three days.
If you want any movies, then you can call Rubina. She works at the video store.
AT Indicating TIME
Rohan got up at sunrise and jogged from his house to the National Stadium.
Mr. Subramaniam is busy at the moment. Please call after half an hour.
The Preposition IN
IN Indicating TIME
The young and educated of India were leaving for foreign shores in the 1990s.
IN Indicating PLACE/POSITION/LOCATION
Yash has been in the publishing industry for the last five years.
The children have been playing in the field all day long.
The lawyer was sitting in the chair, waiting for his client.
[Remember: Use ‘in’ with the name of a place when you think of it as an
area.]
All Chintamani wants to do is sit in a boat and fish all day long.
The suspect is hiding in the red Mercedes.
[Remember: Use ‘in’ when you mean a specific/particular car, taxi, lorry, van
or ambulance.]
The Preposition ON
ON Indicating SUBJECT/TOPIC
ON Indicating PLACE/POSITION/LOCATION
[Remember: Use ‘on’ with the name of a place when you think of it as a
surface.]
ON Indicating MANNER
The fishermen had heard the warning about the storm on the radio.
ON Indicating TIME
I forgot to thank Deepa at the party on Friday.
I found this magic wand beside the lake of truth on a Wednesday evening.
ABOUT
The house that Mr. Biswas has bought is about twenty years old.
The boys were standing about the house waiting for Rohan to come out.
The horse is walking about the city looking for its master.
ABOVE
The painting was hung above the fireplace when I last saw it.
(ABOVE Indicating MEASUREMENT)
His IQ is well above the average IQ of the children belonging to his age group.
ACROSS
The wizard jumped across the wide river with the help of his magic shoes.
I saw Revathi standing near the tea shop across the road.
AFTER
Pulkit has told me to tell you that he will be home after ten.
The priest ate his food some time after his cat had drunk its milk.
AGAINST
(AGAINST Indicating POSITION/LOCATION)
Yashika is talking on her phone, leaning against the window of her bedroom.
Tulika will play against Manisha in the finals of the school tennis championship.
ALONG
AMONG
The cat was among the pigeons and still the birds were not scared.
The monkeys were fighting among themselves when the turtle came.
The old man wanted to divide his property equally among his five children.
AROUND
(AROUND Indicating APPROXIMATION)
The children sat around the strange man and waited for him to speak.
The players were jumping around their coach in celebration of their win.
BEFORE
The boss ordered Ramlal to finish the work before five o’clock.
Girish always comes to the office half an hour before his colleagues.
The thieves escaped through the window well before the alarm was raised.
BEHIND
BELOW
They are below the mountain. We can easily see them from here.
BENEATH
Chandran was standing beneath Rupa’s window when the bee stung
him.
BESIDE
BESIDES
(BESIDES Indicating EXCEPTION)
BETWEEN
The flower pot containing the stolen jewels is kept between the two guards.
BEYOND
BUT
No one but you can stop them from taking such a decision.
BY
Geeta said that she will come by the house in the evening.
DOWN
DURING
The schools are closed during the really hot summer months.
EXCEPT
Dev was punished by his dad for throwing a stone at the bird.
Jeetu has two extra tickets for the fourth India-Australia ODI.
INTO
LIKE
OF
(OF Indicating POSSESSION)
They are men of honour. They will not use unfair means.
The joke was so funny that the audience almost died of laughter.
OFF
ONTO
(ONTO Indicating DIRECTION)
OVER
PAST
(PAST Indicating DIRECTION)
SINCE
THROUGH
Tarun said that he will be busy all through the next week.
THROUGHOUT
(THROUGHOUT Indicating EXTENT)
TILL
TO
The team likes to get into a huddle after the fall of a wicket.
TOWARD
UNDER
The gold coins of Jahangir lie hidden under the great banyan tree.
Jimmy was not allowed to enter the theatre as he was under twenty.
UNDERNEATH
(UNDERNEATH Indicating
POSITION/LOCATION)
UNLIKE
(UNLIKE Indicating CONTRAST/DISSIMILARITY)
UNTIL
UP
If you have to move up the ladder of success, then you will have to do this.
UPON
The father and son ran with the bicycle upon seeing the police.
He has confessed that he does not have the gold with him.
WITHIN
I will remain within the house until the weather outside becomes bearable.
WITHOUT