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Python Match-Case Statement

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51 views

Python Match-Case Statement

Uploaded by

pravesh koirala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python match...

case Statement
In Python, the match...case statement allows us to execute a block of code
among many alternatives.
The match...case evaluates a given expression and based on the evaluated
value, it executes the certain associated statement(s).
It was first introduced in Python 3.10 which is similar to
the switch...case statement in other programming languages.

Python match...case Statement


The syntax of the match...case statement in Python is:

match expression:
case value1:
# statements

case value2:
# statements

...
...

case other:
# statements

Here, if the value of expression matches with value1 , statements inside case

value1 are executed.


And if the value of expression matches with value2 , statements inside case

value2 are executed.


However, if there is no match, statements of case other are executed.

Python match...case Flowchart


Workin
g of match...case in Python
Example 1: Python match...case Statement

number = 48

match number:
case 29:
print('Small')
case 42:
print('Medium')
case 44:
print('Large')
case 48:
print('Extra Large')
case other:
print('Unknown')

# Output: Extra Large

Here, since the value matches with 48, the code inside case 48: is executed.

Example 2: Python match…case With Tuple

In Python, we can also use tuples in match...case statements. For example,

plot1 = (0, 4)

match plot1:
case (4,0):
print('on x-axis')

case (0,4):
print('on y-axis')

case (0,0):
print('center')

# Output: on y-axis

In the above example, we have created a tuple named plot1 with


values: 0 and 4.
Here, instead of a single value, each case statement also includes tuples.
Now, the value of plot1 is compared with each case statement. Since the value
matches with case (0,4) , the statement inside it is executed.
To learn more about tuples, visit Python Tuple.

Using or(|) Statements in Cases


Python also lets us use or statements in the cases. For example,

number = 2

match number:
case 2 | 3:
print('Small')
case 4 | 5 | 6:
print('Medium')
case 9 | 10:
print('Large')

# Output: Small
Here, in each case there is the | (or) statement. It means that if the value
of number matches with either of the values in a certain case, the code inside
that case is executed.

other case in Python match...case


The match...case statement also includes an optional other case. It is executed
when the expression doesn't match any of the cases. For example,

number = 20

match number:
case 29:
print('Small')
case 42:
print('Medium')
case 44:
print('Large')
case 48:
print('Extra Large')
case other:
print('Unknown')

# Output: Unknown

Here, the value of number doesn't match with any of the cases. So the
statement inside case other: is executed.
Note: We can use _ instead of other as a default case as:

case _:
print(' Unknown')'
Using Python if statement in Cases
In Python, we can also use the if statement in case . For example,

score = 84

match score:
case score if score >= 90:
print('A')
case score if score >= 80:
print('B')
case score if score >= 70:
print('C')
case score if score >= 60:
print('D')
case _:
print('F')

# Output: B

Here, we have used the if statement in case to match score and it will print out
the first case it matches.

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