Chapter 11.

User Commands

11.1 Changes That May Cause Problems

Most of the following changes were made for standards compliance.

11.1.1 acctdusg
Previously all files under a user′s home directory were counted on the user′ s
account regardless of ownership. Now only files that the user owns are counted
on the user′s account.

acctdusg reports in 512-byte blocks in AIX Version 3.2.5 and AIX Version 4.1.
Previous to AIX Version 3.2.5, it reported in 1024-byte blocks.

Accounting will only be done for files on the local file system for local users. If
the system administrator wants to count remote users (such as YP clients or
diskless clients), then the -p flag should be used.

11.1.2 admin
The mrlist argument is now required with all uses of the -m flag.

11.1.3 awk
The usage message will be issued and a non-zero value will be returned when
invalid flags are encountered. Previously, the invalid flag was ignored and awk
continued processing.

awk will now count comment lines only once. Previously, comment lines were
being counted twice.

In AIX Version 3.2, variable assignments made on the command line were
available to the BEGIN procedure. In AIX Version 4.1, such assignments are not
available in the BEGIN procedure, in conformance to XPG4 and POSIX
requirements which state:
An assignment before the first file argument will be executed after the
BEGIN actions (if any), while an assignment after the last file argument
will occur before the END actions (if any).

If variable assignments are required in the BEGIN procedure they must be made
using the [ -v Variable=Value ] option on the command line before the [ -f
File|Commands ] option is specified.

11.1.4 axeb
The axeb command is withdrawn. This command is now obsolete. In AIX
Version 3.2, the command was not documented but it was provided for
compatibility with AIX Version 3.1. The X/Open iconv command replaces the
functionality provided by this command, so it will be removed for AIX Version 4.1.
Applications which use this obsolete command will have to be rewritten.

 Copyright IBM Corp. 1994 185

11.1.5 backbyname
The -d and -s flags are no longer valid with backbyname.

11.1.6 bc
Support for the -c and -l flags to be used together has been added.

The <backslash> character immediately followed by a <newline> is ignored

as part of a multi-line NUMBER token. The previous implementation treated this
sequence as a terminator to the NUMBER.

11.1.7 bosboot
The bosboot command, which is used to create boot images, has been changed:
• To support new switches (-q, -U) and
• To remove the following old switches: -c, -f, -m, -o, -s, -u and -z

The reasons for adding new switches are:

• -q switch allows users to query the amount of disk space required to create
the boot image, so that enough space can be allocated before running
bosboot. This will prevent the bosboot command from failing due to
insufficient disk space.
• -U switch allows the boot image to be created in uncompressed form. To
reduce the disk space, the image is compressed by default. -U can be used
on machines with memory larger than 8 megabytes and a boot logical
volume larger than 4 megabytes to improve bootup time.

A combination of switches (-c, -f, -m, -o, -s, -u and -z) was specified to create the
boot image in the bosboot command prior to AIX Version 4.1. However, they are
no longer needed, since the -a switch will perform all necessary steps as
required. Specifically:
• -c switch was used to create a compressed boot image. In AIX Version 4.1,
it will be created compressed by default.
• -f switch was used to specify the name of the RAM file system. Since -s is
not supported, this switch is no longer needed.
• -m switch was used to create a specified boot image. This switch is used in
conjunction with -s and -f switches. This switch is no longer needed since -a
switch already provides this function.
• -o switch is removed since it is not a flag but a necessary operation for
certain boot devices such as hard disks. bosboot will run savebase as
needed.
• -s switch was used to create a specified device RAM file system. This switch
is of little or no use for the end user and has been removed.
• -u switch was used to specify an update to the list of bootable devices.
Running the bosboot command had inadvertantly changed the list of boot
devices in AIX versions prior to AIX Version 4.1. This side effect was
considered undesirable and bosboot will no longer update the list of boot
devices.
Note: THE USER MUST RUN THE bootlist COMMAND TO UPDATE THE LIST
OF BOOT DEVICES.

186 All About AIX Version 4.1

 • -z switch was used to create a specified device compressed RAM file system
image (while leaving the kernel uncompressed). This mode is no longer
supported since the default (compressed boot image) mode provides similar
function.

The bosboot command is run only at install/update time and has no impact on
the runtime environment of vendors′ code. The changes in the bosboot
command do not destroy or modify any preserved information.

There are two possible impacts on vendor installation:

1. If it runs the bosboot command during its installation using the unsupported
switches, bosboot will fail. However, in almost all cases, the unsupported
switches can be replaced with the switch -a or -aU.
2. If the vendor installation needs to modify the list of boot devices, the bootlist
command must be run separately from bosboot.

11.1.8 bsh
There will be only one version of the Bourne shell distributed under /usr/bin/bsh;
it will handle both single-byte and multi-byte data. In AIX Version 3.1 and AIX
Version 3.2, both a single-byte and a multi-byte version were distributed under
/usr/bin/bsh and /usr/mbin/bsh respectively.

In AIX Version 3.1 and AIX Version 3.2, the default shell /usr/bin/sh was linked to
/usr/bin/bsh. In AIX Version 4.1, the default shell /usr/bin/sh is linked to
/usr/bin/ksh.

The bsh built-in echo will not support the -n flag. Use ″\c″ to suppress the
newline at the end of output.

11.1.9 catman
The -p, -n and -w flags are now mutually exclusive.

11.1.10 chuser
In AIX Version 3.2, when changing the pgrp (primary group) of a user, the user
remained a member of the old pgrp. In AIX Version 4.1, changing the pgrp
(primary group) of a user will result in the user being removed from the old pgrp.
Use the groups attribute of the chuser command to retain the user in the old
pgrp.

In the following examples, the /usr/lib/security/mkuser.default file is as follows:

user:
pgrp = staff
groups = staff
shell = /usr/bin/ksh
home = /home/$USER
admin:
pgrp = system
groups = system
shell = /usr/bin/ksh
home = /home/$USER

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 187

 # mkuser yngwie

No change from AIX Version 3.2.

User †yngwie† is placed in group †staff†, with primary group of †staff†.

# mkuser -a ozzy

No change from AIX Version 3.2.

User †ozzy† is a member of only group †system†, with the primary group set
to †system† since the †-a† flag was used to indicate admin user.

# mkuser pgrp=system sah

No change from AIX Version 3.2.

User †sah† is now a member of two groups, †system† and †staff†, with
the primary group being †system†. Group †staff† was added by the
†groups† attribute in the mkuser.default.

# chuser pgrp=staff ozzy

User †ozzy† is now taken out of group †system† and added to group †staff†.
The primary group is now †staff†.
In AIX Version 3.2, †ozzy† would have remained a member of group †system†.

# chuser pgrp=security groups=staff,security yngwie

User †yngwie† now has group †security† as the primary group. The groupset
now contains both groups †staff† and †security†.
In AIX Version 3.2, the †groups=staff,security† was not required because
the user remained a member of group †staff† automatically.

11.1.11 cksum
The checksum algorithm has changed. The new algorithm is based on the
polynomial used for CRC (cyclic redundancy check) error checking in the
Ethernet standard. The checksum produced is completely different, but it is
guaranteed to be calculated the same on all POSIX 1003.2 complaint systems.
The AIX Version 3.2 cksum is not POSIX 1003.2 compliant and produces different
values than the AIX Version 4.1 version of cksum.

The usage message will now be displayed when issuing cksum -?.

If no operand is specified, the pathname and its leading space will be omitted in
the output format.

11.1.12 cmp
When no flags are issued with cmp, the output will now use the word ′char′
instead of the word ′byte′ in the C locale.

The -l and -s flags are now mutually exclusive.

188 All About AIX Version 4.1

11.1.13 cp
The following flags have been changed:
-h Tells cp to always act on the symlink itself and not follow or access
the file the link references. This reverses the way that -h previously
worked.
-R Copies the symlinks instead of recreating them.

The following new flag has been added:

-f If the target file exists but cannot be opened for writing, this flag
causes the cp command to try to remove the target file before
beginning the copy.

11.1.14 cpio
Specifying ″.″ while renaming a file keeps that file′s original name intact.

cpio supports archiving of special files. Previously, special files were neither
archived nor extracted.

11.1.15 csh
There will be only one version of the C-shell distributed under /usr/bin/csh; it will
handle both single-byte and multi-byte data. In AIX Version 3.2, both a
single-byte and a multi-byte version were distributed under /usr/bin/csh and
/usr/mbin/csh respectively.

The csh built-in command, alloc, returned values that were not consistent across
system configurations. Portable applications, therefore, could not use the
command, and the alloc built-in has been removed from the C shell.

11.1.16 ctags
When using the -a flag, the tags file will be sorted.

11.1.17 date
The default output in the C locale will now include the %Z argument as in:
†%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y†
Date has been changed to accept only two input formats as follows:
mmddHHMM[.SSyy] (old AIX default input)

mmddHHMM[yy] (new POSIX input)

The %C, %u and %V field descriptors have been added.

The %E and %O modified field descriptors have been added.

11.1.18 delta
The mrlist argument is now required with all uses of -m.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 189

11.1.19 df
Compliance to POSIX and XPG4 requires that AIX change its default units from
1024-byte units to 512-byte units. Any code that parses the df output for disk
statistics needs to invoke df -k or be changed to use 512-byte units.

The following new flags have been added:

-P Specifies ″portable″ output.
-k Specifies 1024-byte units.

11.1.20 diff
The AIX Version 3.2 version of diff had an optional lines argument with the -c
flag. This argument is no longer supported.

diff only supports text files as input.

11.1.21 diskusg
The output has been changed from displaying 1024-byte to 512-byte blocks.

11.1.22 du
The -a and -s flags are mutually exclusive.

du will always display output for non-directory operands.

The -r flag is the default behavior. The du command will always produce error
messages about inaccessible directories and files whether the -r flag is specified
or not.

du will no longer count each occurrence of a linked file. Files with multiple links
(both hard and symbolic) will be counted and written for only one entry.

The following new flag has been added:

-x When evaluating file sizes, evaluate only those files that have the
device as the file specified by the File operand.

11.1.23 ebxa
The ebxa command is withdrawn. This command is now obsolete. In AIX
Version 3.2, the command was not documented but it was provided for
compatibility with AIX Version 3.1. The X/Open iconv command replaces the
functionality provided by this command, so it will be removed for AIX Version 4.1.
Applications which use this obsolete command will have to be rewritten.

11.1.24 echo
The /usr/bin/echo command, the bsh echo built-in and the ksh echo built-in will
not support the -n flag, which used to suppress the new line character at the end
of the output. Use ″\c″ to suppress the newline at the end of output. Now, any
argument following echo will be treated as a string.

190 All About AIX Version 4.1

11.1.25 ed
Input mode is terminated with ″.\n″. AIX Version 3.2 allowed a single period to
be entered while in insert mode by preceding it with a backslash (for example,
″\.\n″). This is contrary to XPG4 and POSIX which states that ALL characters
with the exception of the ″.\n″ are to be taken literally and inserted into the text.
In AIX Version 4.1, the only way to enter a single period while in insert mode is
to enter a character followed by a period and then use the substitute command
to delete the extra character.

When using the (..,..)l command, long lines are folded at column position 72 and
marked with a backslash character and a newline. XPG4 specifies that the end
of listed lines must be marked with the dollar character ($).

11.1.26 expr
expr1 / expr2 and expr1 % expr2 will return an error message if expr2 is zero.

A value greater than 2 will be returned if an error occurs with expr.

11.1.27 fold
The fold utility does not insert a <newline> immediately before or after any
<carriage-return>.

11.1.28 fsdb
This command will no longer eliminate words of zeros from the
hex/octal/decimal dump facility. This refers to the display formats of x, o and e
respectively.

fsdb will no longer be allowed on non-JFS file systems.

11.1.29 getconf
PathName is no longer optional. If a user enters path_var without PathName, it
is considered an error. Likewise, if a user enters system_var with PathName, an
error message will be printed.

AIX now supports the following path_vars:

• POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
• POSIX_NO_TRUNC
• POSIX_VDISABLE

All POSIX system-wide configuration variables and system path configuration

variables are now supported by getconf.

11.1.30 head
This command no longer aborts when it cannot open a file. It continues
processing the remaining files.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 191

11.1.31 iconv
The following converters are withdrawn because they are obsolete:
• IBM-850_AIX.flatstr
• AIX.escstr_IBM-850
• IBM-850_AIX.escstr
These converter files are in the AIX Version 3.2 /usr/lib/nls/loc/iconv directory.
Applications, utilities or commands that use these optional filters will have to
change.

11.1.32 istat
The data block address stored in the inode will be printed in hex as opposed to
decimal.

11.1.33 join
The -e flag is only valid when used with the -o flag.

Support for -o 0 has been added.

11.1.34 ksh
There will be only one version of the Korn shell distributed under /usr/bin/ksh; it
will handle both single-byte and multi-byte data. In release AIX Version 3.1 and
AIX Version 3.2, both a single-byte and a multi-byte version were distributed
under /usr/bin/ksh and /usr/mbin/ksh respectively.

The default shell, /usr/bin/sh, will be linked to /usr/bin/ksh in AIX Version 4.1
because ksh is the POSIX-compliant shell. In previous AIX releases, sh was
linked to bsh (Bourne shell). This change may cause unexpected behavior from
some user shell scripts.

There will also be a POSIX shell, /usr/bin/psh, which will be a link to

/usr/bin/ksh.

POSIX requires that some of the shell built-in commands be provided as

executable utilities in /usr/bin. Those executable utilities are: alias, bg, cd,
command, false, fc, fg, getopts, jobs, kill, newgrp, read, true, umask, unalias and
wait. The false, kill, newgrp and true utilities already exist. The others will be
implemented as shell scripts which will invoke their respective ksh built-in.

Added support reserved word !. The format for a pipeline is:

[!] command1 [ | command2...].
If the reserved word ! does not precede the pipeline, the exit status will be the
exit status of the last command specified in the pipeline. Otherwise, the exit
status is the logical NOT of the exit status of the last command.

The search sequence has been changed from ″aliases, built-ins, functions, file
system″ to ″aliases, special built-ins, functions, built-ins, file system″. On AIX
Version 4.1, ksh does not allow the user to create a function with the same name
as a special built-in or regular built-in.

An even number of unescaped double-quotes or single-quotes, if any, must occur

inside double-quotes, within the string of characters from an enclosed ${ to the

192 All About AIX Version 4.1

matching }. A preceding backslash character must be used to escape a literal {
or }.

Parameter 0 (zero) expands to the name of the shell or shell script. In previous
AIX releases, parameter 0 was the name of the shell, shell script or function.

The following built-ins were changed to comply to POSIX and XPG4:

11.1.34.1 echo
The built-in echo will not support -n flag. Use ″\c″ to suppress the newline at the
end of output.

11.1.34.2 export
The following new flag has been added:
-p Writes to standard output the names and values of all exported
variables, in the following format:
†export %s= %s\n†, <name>, <value>

11.1.34.3 fc
Use stdout format: ″\t%s\n″ , < continued-command> f o r t h e < c o m m a n d >
consisting of more than one line.

The following new flag has been added:

-s This is the same as [ -e - ] .

11.1.34.4 hash
The following new flag has been added:
-r Forgets all previously remembered utility locations.

11.1.34.5 jobs
The following are new stdout strings for the state field:
Stopped (SIGTSTP) replaces Stopped
Stopped (SIGSTOP) replaces Stopped (signal)
Stopped (SIGTTIN) replaces Stopped (tty input)
Stopped (SIGTTOU) replaces Stopped (tty output)

11.1.34.6 kill
The following new flag has been added:
-l [ exit_status ] If an exit_status operand is given (usually the ? shell
special parameter), the signal name corresponding to the
exit_status will be written. If there is no matching signal
name, the exit_status will be written.

11.1.34.7 readonly
The following new flag has been added:
-p Writes to standard output the names and values of all readonly
variables, in the following format:
†readonly %s=%s\n†, <name>, <value>

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 193

 11.1.34.8 set
The following new flags have been added:
-C This is equivalent to set -o noclobber.
-b Causes the shell to notify the user asynchronously of background job
completions. Equivalent to set -o notify.

It now supports set -o notify, which is equivalent to -b.

11.1.34.9 trap
The format for the trap command with no arguments is: ″trap -- %s %s ...\n″,
<action>, <condition>.

Trap on 0 or EXIT: If trap is executed inside the body of a function, action is

executed after the function completes in the environment that called the function.
If trap is executed outside the body of a function, action is executed upon exit
from ksh. In previous releases, no trap outside the body of a function was
executed upon exit from the function.

Traps are not shared between the function and invoking scripts. In previous
releases, traps other than EXIT and ERR were shared by the function and the
invoking script.

11.1.34.10 unalias
The following new flag has been added:
-a Removes all alias definitions from the current shell execution
environment.

11.1.34.11 umask
The following new flag has been added:
-S Produces symbolic_mode output.

11.1.34.12 unset
The following new flag has been added:
-v Refers to a variable name that the shell will unset and remove from
the environment.

11.1.34.13 wait
The ksh now keeps the status of terminated jobs available until the status is
requested.

11.1.35 lex
lex now supports extended regular expressions as defined in XPG4. For new
code, users may want to take advantage of new enhancements. Also, multi-byte
characters can be used in extended regular expressions with no exceptions. In
the AIX Version 3.2 version of lex, there were some exceptions.

%x (%X) Definitions

Currently, %x (%X) in the definitions section of a lex source file is used to

change the default number of multi-byte character class output slots. In AIX

194 All About AIX Version 4.1

Version 4.1, %z (%Z) will be used to change the default number of multi-byte
character class output slots.

%x (%X) will be used in AIX Version 4.1 to specify an exclusive start condition.
When the scanner generated by lex is in a %x state, patterns with no state
specified will not be active as opposed to when in a %s state (regular start
condition) where such patterns are active.

AIX Version 3.2 lex executable code will continue to run correctly on AIX Version
4.1. AIX Version 3.2 lex source code with the %x (%X) won′t compile correctly
on AIX Version 4.1 without this change.

AIX Version 4.1 lex executable code will run correctly on AIX Version 3.2
systems. AIX Version 4.1 lex source code with the %z (%Z) won′t compile
correctly on AIX Version 3.2 systems.

Character Ranges

Currently the characters that fall within a range are determined by character
values. In AIX Version 4.1, ranges will be evaluated based on the current
collating sequence, regardless of character values, and will include
multi-character collating elements where present. If the collating sequence and
the character sequence are the same for a given locale and range then this
change will have no impact on the lexical analyser produced by lex.

This is an improvement because lex will treat ranges according to the current
locale. Also multi-byte characters will now be allowed in ranges whereas they
were not in AIX Version 3.2.

This will affect both single-byte and multi-byte language lex programs. For
example, in the Fr_FR locale, [ a-c ] on AIX Version 3.2 would include only a, b
and c. However, in AIX Version 4.1, [ a-c ] will include a, A, a-grave, A-grave,
a-circumflex, A-circumflex, b, B, c.

Ending Range < Start Range

In AIX Version 4.1, lex will no longer accept ranges where the ending range point
is lower than the starting range point (based on the current collating sequence).
For example, in the En_US locale, [ c-a ] , will cause lex to produce an error
message and exit.

Existing vendor code with these ranges, which currently compiles on AIX Version
3.2, will fail to compile on AIX Version 4.1.

Special Delimiters

Currently lex will accept the following expressions in the source file:
[ [:] matching [ or :
[[.] matching [ or .
[[=] matching [ or =
However, on AIX Version 4.1:
[::], [..], and [==]
will become special delimiters within bracket expressions indicating a character
class, a collating symbol, and an equivalence class respectively.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 195

 This change is an enhancement since lex will support character classes,
collating symbols, and equivalence classes in AIX Version 4.1

The change will break expressions with these delimiters. In AIX Version 4.1, the
above expressions will result in an error. These characters can still be matched,
however, by reversing the sequence, for example:

[ :[ ]

will not cause an error. lex source files which have any of the special delimiters
listed above will have to be modified for AIX Version 4.1.

yytext Type

The default type of yytext will be changed from an unsigned character array to a
character array.

This will only affect C++ users who may have their own functions which
process yytext. For C users, unsigned char and char are the same. C + + u s e r s
will either have to cast yytext before passing it to a function or modify the
function.

11.1.36 locale
The C and POSIX locales are now included in locale -a output.

locale output was modified to include mb_cur_min in the CHARMAP category

and alt_digits, era_d_fmt, era_year, t_fmt_ampm, era_t_fmt, era_d_t_fmt in the
LC_TIME category.

Parameter processing now enforces proper use of flags:

• -a is mutually exclusive of all other flags and cannot be used with a
parameter.
• -m is mutually exclusive of all other flags and cannot be used with a
parameter.
• -c and -k require the use of a parameter.

11.1.37 localedef
The ability to escape a less-than sign < within a string is now supported (for
example, ″t e s t \ < ″).

The ability to escape an escape character within a symbol is now supported (that
is, <\\>).

localedef has been modified to support XPG4 standards which explicity state that
comments may only start at the begining of the line. Previously, localedef
supported comments that started at any logical point on the line.

Ellipsis usage as defined in XPG4 is now fully supported.

Support for the alt_digits, era_t_fmt, era_d_t_fmt XPG4 keywords is now

available. Also support for the copy directive and the charclass extension to the
LC_CTYPE grammar.

196 All About AIX Version 4.1

11.1.38 lp
lp now returns a job id when a job is submitted.

The following new flag has been added:

-s Suppress message (job number) from lp.
The default is to return the job number.

11.1.39 lsfs
The previously undocumented -q flag is now documented and changed to report
fragment size, block size, and number of bytes per i-node.

11.1.40 lsjfs
The output of lsjfs now reports the block size, fragment size, nbpi, logical volume
size, and file system size.

11.1.41 man
The following flags have been added:
-c Does not pipe output through the more command.
-t Uses troff instead of nroff to format the reference page.

The following flag has been deleted:

- Pipes the command output using the more command with the -s flag.
This has been deleted because the -c flag performs this function.

11.1.42 more
The following new flags have been added:
-e Exits immediately after writing the last line of the last file
in the argument list.
-i Performs pattern matching in searches without regard to
case.
+command Performs just like the -p command flag.
-t Tagstring Writes the screenful of the file containing the tag named by
Tagstring.
:e Examines a new file.

The +g flag is no longer supported. A combination of pG and -w flags will

perform this function.

The -l flag is no longer supported.

11.1.43 nice
The nice command exits with 126 if the utility specified by the utility operand was
found but could not be invoked. The nice command exits with 127 if the utility
specified by the utility operand was not found.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 197

11.1.44 nm
/usr/bin/ccs/nm and /usr/ucb/nm (which called /usr/bin/ccs/nm) are combined
into one command. The default output as specified by XPG4 is more similar to
the BSD format than to the current AIX default. Consequently, the AIX default
output format has changed to comply with that specified by XPG4. (Specifically,
the symbol type must be represented by a single character and the default
output must be sorted alphabetically by symbol name. Also, the XPG4 definition
of the type field is a combination of the former nm class and section fields). The
name field is padded to 20 characters, with longer names overflowing the field
unless -T is specified, which will cause the name to be truncated.

The following flags have been added:

-A Writes the full pathname or library name of the object on each line.
-g Writes out only external (global) symbol information.
-P Writes the output in a standard portable output format. With this flag,
the output must list, on each line: the library/object name (only if -A is
also specified), the symbol name, the type, the value, and the size,
separated by whitespace. Without the -P, the same information must
be printed but the format is not specified, except that it be in
alphabetical order and that the symbol type be a single character. If
-P is specified and -t is not, the default numeric format will be
hexadecimal.
-t Format Outputs numeric values in either decimal, octal, or hexadecimal,
depending on the Format value. Format is one of d (decimal - the
default), o (octal), or x (hexadecimal).
-B P r i n t s o u t p u t i n B S D f o r m a t o f < v a l u e > < t y p e > < n a m e > . For a
degree of regression usability, the BSD output format will still be
available to the user. The AT&T formatting will no longer be
available.

Previously, -v sorted only external symbols by value and required the -d flag also
be specified. This has changed so that whatever the output, it is sorted by value
instead of alphabetically (which is now the default for XPG4).

11.1.45 nohup
The nohup utility now takes the standard action for all signals except for
SIGHUP, which is ignored. nohup previously ignored SIGQUIT in addition to
SIGHUP.

11.1.46 od
The -s (lowercase) flag which searches for strings of characters ending with a
null byte has been changed to -S (uppercase). The -S flag only works with
single-byte characters.

The new -s (lowercase) flag interprets words (two-byte units) in signed decimal.
This is equivalent to -t d2.

od now attempts to process all input files before terminating. Previously, it

terminated on the first file that it could not access.

198 All About AIX Version 4.1

 When the -c flag is selected, other non-printable characters are to be written as
one three-digit octal number for each byte in the character.

11.1.47 pack

The following message is now printed to stdout if the file is not packed:
†pack: %s: no saving - file unchanged,† <file>

11.1.48 paste
Entering paste without any arguments returns a usage statement. On previous
versions it simply returned without taking any action.

11.1.49 pax
The following new flag has been added:
-o Provides information to the implementation to modify the algorithm
for extracting or writing files specific to the file format specified by -x.

When either or both of the -r flag and the -w flag are specified as well as the -v
flag, pax will write the pathnames to stderr in the following format:
†%s\n†,<pathname>
Previously, the format for files that were hard links were written as follows:
†%s\n†,<pathname>,<linkname>
When neither -r nor -w are specified, and -v is not specified, pax will write the
pathnames to stdout in the following format:
†%s\n†,<pathname>
Previously, the format for files that were hard links were written as follows:
†%s\n†,<pathname>,<linkname>

11.1.50 renice
The syntax of the renice command has changed to the following:
renice [-n increment] [-g | -p | -u] ID...

The increment argument of the -n flag in the new syntax is different than the
nice_value of the old syntax. The increment argument will increment the system
scheduling priority by the amount specified. Previously nice_value set the
system scheduling priority to the number specified.

11.1.51 sed
[ 2 addr ] l - Write the pattern space to standard output in an unambiguous form.
Nonprintable characters shall be written as one three-digit octal number, except
for the characters \\,\a,\b \f, \n, \r, \t,and \v, which will be written as the
corresponding escape sequence. AIX previously printed them as one three-digit
octal number.

Long lines will be folded, with the point of folding indicated by writing
< b a c k s l a s h > < n e w l i n e > ; the length at which folding occurs is at column 72
for AIX. The end of each line will be marked with a $.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 199

11.1.52 sort
The following exit values are now returned:
0 All input files were output successfully, or -c was specified and the
input file was correctly sorted
1 Under the -c flag, the file was not ordered as specified, or if the -c
and -u flags were both specified, two input lines were found with
equal keys
>1 An error occurred

11.1.53 strings
The following flags have been added:
-t Format Lists each string preceded by its offset from the start of the file.
-n Number Specifies a minimum string length other than the default of 4
characters. The maximum value of a string length is 4096.

strings now attempts to process all input files before terminating instead of
terminating on the first file it cannot access.

11.1.54 stty
See 16.1.1.1, “TTY Commands” on page 264 for information.

11.1.55 tctl
The following flag has been added:
-l reset Sends a bus device reset (BDR) to the tape device. The BDR will only
be sent if the device cannot be opened and is not busy

The -e flag is no longer supported.

11.1.56 tee
If a write to any successfully opened file operand fails, writes to other
successfully opened file operands and standard output continue, but the exit
status is non-zero.

11.1.57 touch
If no -r flag is specified, no -t flag is specified, at least two operands are
specified, and the first operand is an eight- or ten-digit decimal integer, the first
operand shall be assumed to be a date_time operand. Otherwise, the first
operand shall be assumed to be a file operand.

AIX Version 3.2 exited with a non-zero value when using touch -c if a file
parameter did not exist. AIX Version 4.1 will exit zero when using touch -c if the
file parameter does not exist; this change is to comply to XPG4 and POSIX.2.
When the -c flag is specified, it is not considered an error if the file parameter
does not exist.

D_FMT and T_FMT are no longer used to determine the order of month and day
in the date specification and the order of hour and minute in the time. The
date/time specification must always be specified in the form MMDDhhmm [ yy ] .
This is a requirement of the XPG4 standards.

200 All About AIX Version 4.1

11.1.58 uniq
The c, d and u flags are now mutually exclusive.

The standard input will be used only if no input_file operand is specified or if

input_file is a dash (-). Previously, a dash (-) was read as a filename.

The input file must be a text file. The uniq command will display an error
message when the input file is a non-text file.

11.1.59 wc
The wc command output format changed to comply to XPG4 standards. The
counts are now shown in the order of lines, words and bytes regardless of the
order the following flags are specified on the command line:
• -w (words)
• -l (lines)
• -c (bytes)

The following new flag has been added:

-m Writes to the standard output the number of characters in each input
file.

The -c and -m flags are mutually exclusive.

11.1.60 what
The standard output consists of the following for each file operand:
″ % s:\n\t%s\n″ , < pathname>,<identification string>
Previously, this format was output if there were multiple files, but did not output
the pathname if there was only one file.

11.1.61 yacc
Simultaneous execution of multiple yaccs and multiple parsers in the same file
are now possible.

The flag to specify an alternate parser to yacc is changed from -p(-P) to -y(-Y).

yacc -p Option

The -p flag is currently used with yacc to specify an alternate parser instead of
/usr/ccs/lib/yaccpar. In AIX Version 4.1, -y will be used to specify an alternate
parser.

The -p flag will be used to change the prefix of all external names produced by
yacc from yy to the prefix specified as an argument with the flag.

Shell scripts or make files which use the -p flag will have to be changed.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 201

11.2 Other Command Changes
Many of the following changes are being made for standards compliance. There
is no impact on programmers. This section is for information only.

The following commands have been modified to support the X/Open Utility
Syntax Guidelines. They now support the -- argument, which is needed to
delimit the first operand if the operand could be misinterpreted as a flag. They
also support <blank> separation for flags and their arguments. User scripts
that do not use the blank separation and that worked on AIX Version 3.2 will still
work on AIX Version 4.1; however, they may not be portable to other X/Open
compliant systems.
Note: Flags that have optional arguments cannot use a space between the flag
and the argument. For example, the admin comment flag must appear as:
admin -y†my comment† filename

Table 11 (Page 1 of 2). Commands Modified for Argument Syntax

admin # alias ar asa at

awk banner basename batch bc
bg c89 # cal calendar cancel
cat cc # cd cflow chgrp
chmod chown chroot cksum cmp
col comm command compress cp
cpio crontab csplit ctags cu
cut cxref date dd delta #
df diff dircmp dirname dis
du echo * ed egrep env
ex expand expr false fc
fg fgrep file find fold
fort77 gencat get getconf getopts
grep hash head iconv id
jobs join kill lex line
ln locale localedef logger logname
lp lpstat # ls m4 mail
mailx make man mesg mkdir
mkfifo more mv newgrp nice
nl nm nohup od pack
paste patch patchk pax pcat
pg pr # printf * prs ps
pwd read red renice rm
rmd el rmdir sact sccs sdb
sed sh sleep sort spell
split strings strip stty sum
tabs tail talk tar tee
test * t im e touch tput tr

202 All About AIX Version 4.1

 Table 11 (Page 2 of 2). Commands Modified for Argument Syntax

true tsort tty type ulimit

umask unalias uname uncompress unexpand
unget uniq unpack uucp uudecode
uuencode uulog uuname uupick uustat
uuto uux val vi wait
wall wc what who write
xargs # yacc zcat

* These commands do not support the -- delimiter.

# These commands have flags which have optional arguments.

11.2.1 apropos
The following new flag has been added:
-M Specifies an alternative search path. The search path is a list of
directories separated by :(colon).

11.2.2 ar
The following new flags have been added:
-C Prevents extracted files from replacing like-named files in the file
system.
-T Allows filename truncation if archive member name is longer than the
file system will support. This flag has no effect because the file
system supports names equal in length to the maximum archive
member name of 255 characters.
-- Interprets all arguments following it as file names. This allows you to
create archives whose names start with a dash.

11.2.3 arp
The following new modified to the -a flag has been added:
-a [ n ] Reports interface ip addresses instead of names. The ′ n′ modifier
causes hostname lookups to be suppressed.

11.2.4 asa
The asa/fpr command now supports the - format flag which gives triple spacing.

11.2.5 at
The following new flags have been added:
-f file Specifies the file to be used as input instead of stdin.
-F Suppresses delete verification. Use this flag with -r flag.
-i Specifies interactive delete. Use this flag with -r flag.
-n [ User ] Requests the number of files in the queue for the current user or the
specified user when command is executed by root user.
-o Lists jobs in schedule order. This flag is useful only with the -l flag.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 203

 -u user Deletes all jobs for the specified user. Use this flag with the -r flag as
follows: at -r -u User

11.2.6 backbyinode
backbyinode can now archive a fragmented JFS file system. (For information on
JFS fragments, see 7.4.3, “JFS BSD-Style Disk Fragmentation” on page 82.)

backbyinode/rdump -w and -W only display backup information about JFS file

systems which are the only type of file systems that they can backup. This fixes
potential problems with name conflicts between NFS mounted file systems and
JFS file systems. (For example, mounting /tmp from a remote machine would
previously confuse rdump if the user tried to backup the local /tmp file system.)

11.2.7 bffcreate
See “bffcreate” on page 51 for details.

11.2.8 bfs
The usage message will now be issued when invalid flags are encountered.

The xt subcommand has been changed such that the Number argument is
optional.

11.2.9 cat
The following new flag has been added:
-r Replaces multiple consecutive empty lines with one empty line. This
flag is identical in function to the -S flag.

11.2.10 chgrp
If the -R flag is used, chgrp will continue to recurse when it finds an error.
Previously, chgrp would break out.

The following flag has been added:

-h This flag tells chgrp to always act on the symlink itself and not follow
or access the file that the link references.

11.2.11 chmod
The permcopy ability (chmod u=g file) has been added.

The following flag has been added:

-h This flag tells chmod to always act on the symlink itself and not follow
or access the file that the link references.

11.2.12 chown
If the -R flag is used, chown will continue to recurse when it finds an error.
Previously, chown would break out.

The following flag has been added:

-h This flag tells chown to always act on the symlink itself and not follow
or access the file that the link references.

204 All About AIX Version 4.1

11.2.13 chlang
The usage message will now be displayed when issuing chlang -?.

chlang is extended with two new parameters:

chlang En_US user=¢optional¢ lc_messages=¢optional¢
If ′′u s e r = ′′ is not specified, then user will take on the user ID of the person
invoking chlang and will, if an ordinary user, change the .profile file for that user.
Only root can specify another user.

If ′′l c _ m e s s a g e s = ′′ is specified, it allows the user (or root) to change his/her

language for the message text.

If root is running the chlang program, then, if user=′′ is specified, the change
will be made for that user (or a comma-separated list of users). If no u s e r = ′′ is
specified (again, with root running chlang), then the change applies to the entire
system.

11.2.14 chtz
The usage message will now be displayed when issuing chtz -?.

11.2.15 col
The following flag has been added:
-l Number Buffers at least ″Number″ lines in memory.

11.2.16 compress
A message will now be written to stderr when a file is not compressed.

The following new flag has been added:

-C This flag produces output compatible with BSD compress revision 2.0.

11.2.17 crfs
The following new flags have been added:
-a frag=value Specifies the JFS fragment size in bytes. A file system
fragment is the smallest unit of disk storage that can be
allocated to a file. The value parameter must be either
512, 1024, 2048 or 4096. The default fragment size is 4096
bytes.
-a nbpi=value Specifies the number of bytes per inode (nbpi). The nbpi is
the ratio of the file system size in bytes to the number of
inodes. The nbpi value parameter must be either 512,
1024, 2048, 4096, 8192 or 16384. The default nbpi value is
4096 bytes.
Note: Only AIX Version 4.1 journalled file systems created with the default nbpi
and frag attributes will be recognized on an AIX Version 3.2 system. In other
words, if any JFS is to be moved from system to system by physically moving the
disk then only those journalled file systems created on an AIX Version 4.1
system with frag=4096 and nbpi=4096 will be recognized on an AIX Version 3.2
system.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 205

11.2.18 csplit
The following new flag has been added:
-n number The flag allows the specification of the number of digits appended to
the end of the file name created by csplit.

11.2.19 enq
The following new flag has been added:
-j Returns the job number when submitting a job.
-h Changes an existing job to the held state.
-p Releases a job in the held state.
-H Submits a job in the held state.
-Q queue Specifies destination queue for move operation.

11.2.20 expand
The expand utility will support both the new version of argument parsing as
defined in XPG4 as well as the obsolete version. The following new flag has
been added:
-t Tablists Specifies the input of the space per tab conversion, where the Tablist
can be separated by either a comma or a blank character.

11.2.21 file
Some new file types have been added to the /etc/magic file. This includes:
Postscript, message catalog files (*.cat), various object formats, GIF, JPEG files,
etc.

11.2.22 find
The -perm flag will support symbolic mode, as well as proper handling of ′ -′ flag
(i.e., it does not mean ′extending the bit′, it just means xor test rather than
equality test). Additionally, when flag is an octal number, it will now support up
to four octal digits. Previously only three were supported.

If no expression is present -print will be used as the expression. Otherwise, if

the given expression does not contain any of the primaries -exec, -ok, or -print,
the given expression will be effectively replaced by:
(given_expression) -print.

11.2.23 gencat
AIX now supports the dash(-) as either stdin or stdout for gencat.

11.2.24 get
The following new flag has been added:
-L Writes the delta summary file to standard output and does not create
an l-file. Use this flag to determine which deltas were used to create
the g-file currently in use. This flag performs the same function as
-lp.

206 All About AIX Version 4.1

11.2.25 grep
Previously, if the -e and -f flags were used together, the -e flag was ignored.
These two flags will now work together.

11.2.26 iconv
Character encoding may include single-byte values (for example, ISO standard
8859-1:1987 characters) or multi-byte values (for example, certain characters in
ISO standard 6937:1983).

11.2.27 infocmp
This command has been added to AIX Version 4.1.

11.2.28 installbsd
AIX now uses a C source file instead of a shell script. The functionality is the
same.

11.2.29 installp
See 6.1.4, “Removing Software” on page 36 for details.

11.2.30 login
The following new flag has been added:
-f Indicates that no password needs to be requested

11.2.31 look
The following new flag has been added:
-t character Instructs the look command to ignore all characters after a
′character′ character has been encountered.

11.2.32 lpr
The following new flags have been added:
-f Uses Fortran filter for first character
-g Data is from plot
-l Allows control characters sent to printer
-j Returns the job number when submitting a job.

11.2.33 lprm
The ability to remove jobs given a list of job numbers or a list of user names is
now supported.

11.2.34 ls
ls now includes two spaces between day and year (%e and %Y) date
parameters when -l (lowercase L) is specified and the last modification date is
not within six months of the current time.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 207

11.2.35 lslpp
See “lslpp” on page 52 for information.

11.2.36 m4
The command syntax is now displayed when users enter invalid flags or -?. The
following new flag has been added:

-I Directory Allows the ODE build environment to work. This flag looks first
in Directory, then looks in the directories on the standard list for
include (built-in macro) files with names that do not begin with a
/ (slash).

11.2.37 make
A command that has no metacharacters is directly executed by make. For
example, make consigns the first command to the shell because it contains the
′ > ′ shell meta character. The second command is does not contain any shell
meta characters so make executes it directly.
target: dependency
cat dependency > target
chmod a+x target
Bypassing the shell saves time but it may cause problems. For example,
attempting to execute a C shell script from within a makefile by setting the
SHELL macro to /bin/csh will not work unless the command line also contains at
least one shell meta character.
SHELL=/bin/csh

target: dependency
my_csh_script
This makefile fails because make will attempt to exec() my_csh_script instead of
consigning it to the C shell.

Under AIX Version 3.2, you could define make rulesets before the .SUFFIXES
rule. For example, the following makefile fragment defines the rules .F.o and .F.f,
then defines valid suffixes with .SUFFIXES:
.F.o:
rm -f $*.f
/lib/cpp -P -C $(IBMDEF) $*.F $*.f
$(RUNF77) $(FFLAGS) -c $*.f
rm -f $*.f

.F.f:
rm -f $*.f
/lib/cpp -P -C $(IBMDEF) $*.F $*.f

.SUFFIXES: .exe .a .F
This fragment works under AIX Version 3.2. However, on AIX Version 4.1, the
make program interprets the .F.o and .F.f rules as dependencies (i.e., files to
build).

208 All About AIX Version 4.1

 In order to satisfy the XPG4 requirement that target names may begin with ′.′,
the AIX Version 3.2 behavior will not be put back in. Instead, the make behavior
will be as follows:
• The target portion of an inference rule must be a valid target name of the
form .s2 or .s1.s2 where .s1 and .s2 are known suffixes at the time the
inference rule appears in the makefile.

11.2.38 mkfs
The following flags have been added in order to support JFS fragments:
-o frag=[512 | 1024 | 2048 | 4096] flag will be used to specify the fragment
size. The default will be 4096.

-o nbpi=[512 | 1024 | 2048 | 4096 | 8192 | 16384] flag will be used to specify
the number of bytes per inode. The default will be 4096.

The mkfs command will expect a new prototype file format.

Notes:
1. Only AIX Version 4.1 journalled file systems created with the default nbpi and
frag attributes will be recognized on an AIX Version 3.2 system. In other
words, if any JFS is to be moved from system to system by physically
moving the disk then only those journalled file systems created on an AIX
Version 4.1 system with frag=4096 and nbpi=4096 will be recognized on an
AIX Version 3.2 system.
2. The nbpi and fragment size attributes are set at file system creation and
cannot be changed once the file system is successfully created. Furthermore,
the size attribute defines the minimum file system size; this size cannot be
decreased once the file system has been successfully created.

11.2.39 mkgroup
The mkgroup command has been enhanced to accept the same attributes as the
chgroup command, i.e., group ID, administrative group flag, list of users, and list
of administrators. The Add A Group dialog in SMIT has been enhanced to reflect
the changes in the mkgroup command.

11.2.40 mksysb
See 7.2.1, “System Backup Command Improvements (Cloning)” on page 77 for
mksysb changes.

11.2.41 mount
The following new flags have been added:
-A Mounts all file systems in the /etc/filesystems file with stanzas that
contain the mount=true attribute. This replaces the -a flag.
-T Type Mounts all stanzas in the /etc/filesystems file that contain the
type=Type attribute and are not mounted. The type parameter
specifies the name of the group. This replaces the -t flag.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 209

11.2.42 mv
If the source file and the target file are identical, an error message is issued, the
current source file is skipped, and the next source file (if applicable) is
examined.

The -f and -i flags are mutually exclusive; however, if both are specified, the
utility will take the last one encountered and no error message will be displayed.

11.2.43 ncheck
For standards compliance, ncheck′s header is now always what was entered on
the command line as opposed to always being the device name. Previously,
when a file system name was provided (for example, /tmp), the ncheck output
listed the device name (for example, /dev/hd3). Now it will list the file system
name (/tmp) if that is entered, or the device name (/dev/hd3) if that is what is
entered.

11.2.44 newgrp
The following flag has been added:
-l This flag is the same as ′ -′ flag.

11.2.45 news
AIX now prints a usage statement for news -?.

11.2.46 odump
AIX Version 3.2 dump command will be renamed odump in AIX Version 4.1.

The following flags have been added:

-A Specifies all other odump flags
-D Dumps the defined symbols
-e Dumps information about the entry point of the program
-E Dumps information about the exported symbols
-G Dumps generation information about the specified file
-I Dumps information about the imported symbols
-L Dumps the load commands, as found via the load command map
-M Prints a map of the load commands and the sections
-O name1,...,nameN
Dumps information about the archive members specified by the name
arguments
-P Dumps the package lists
-S Dumps the debug symbols (stabs)

210 All About AIX Version 4.1

11.2.47 passwd
When root tries to change a password for another user, it no longer gets
prompted for the user′s old password.

11.2.48 patch
The patch command has been added.

The patch command reads a source file containing any of the three forms of
difference listing produced by the diff command (normal, context, or ed-style)
and applies those differences to an original file, producing a patched version.

11.2.49 pr
The following flag is now documented:
-x [Character] [ Width] Same as -n.

Support for the TZ environment variable to be used in writing header lines has
been added.

For single column output, input lines will not be truncated so the -w flag will be
ignored.

11.2.50 printf
If an argument operand cannot be completely converted into an internal value
appropriate to the corresponding conversion specification, a diagnostic message
will be written to standard error and the utility will not exit with a zero status, but
will continue processing any remaining operands and will write the value
accumulated at the time the error was detected to standard output. See also
9.1.6.1, “long long Support” on page 138 for long long support extensions.

11.2.51 ps
The following new flags have been added:
-m Lists kernel threads as well as processes.
-n Namelist Specifies the name of an alternate system Namelist file in place
of the default. This flag has no meaning in AIX since the
information is supplied directly to the kernel but must still be
recognized for POSIX compliance.

11.2.52 qprt
The following new flags have been added:
-# j Returns the job number when submitting a job.
-# H Submits a job in the held state.
-# v Validates backend flags.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 211

11.2.53 rdump
rdump/backbyinode -w and -W only display backup information about JFS file
systems, which are the only type of file systems that they can backup. This fixes
potential problems with name conflicts between NFS-mounted file systems and
JFS file systems. (For example, mounting /tmp from a remote machine would
previously confuse rdump if the user tried to back up the local /tmp file system.)

11.2.54 restore
The restore -s flag will now default to 1 for a no-rewind device.

11.2.55 rm
If either of the files dot(.) or dot-dot(..) are specified, rm will now write a
diagnostic message to standard error and do nothing.

If file is of type directory, the -f flag is not specified, and either the permissions of
file do not permit writing and the standard input is a terminal or the -i flag is
specified, a prompt is written to standard error and a line is read from the
standard input.

11.2.56 rmt
AIX now documents the [ debug-output-file ] flag which turns on debugging output.
AIX previously allowed this flag but it was undocumented.

11.2.57 sar
The following flag has been added:
-P Reports per-processor statistics for the specified processor or
processors.
The following flags have changed output:
-q Reports queue statistics. runq-sz reports the average number of
kernel threads (not processes) in the run queue. swpq-sz reports the
average number of kernel threads (not processes) waiting to be
paged in.
-u Reports per processor (when used with the -P flag) or system-wide
statistics. The system-wide information is simply the average of each
individual processor′s statistics.
-v Reports status of the process, kernel-thread, i-node, and file tables.

11.2.58 scanf
See 9.1.6.1, “long long Support” on page 138 for long long support extensions.

11.2.59 split
split now supports:
-a SuffixLength
Specifies the number of letters to use in forming the suffix portion of
the output file names. The default is 2 letters.

212 All About AIX Version 4.1

 -b Number [ k|m ]
Splits the file in to Number size pieces. Adding k or m to the end of
Number will cause the file to be split into Number*1024 or
Number*1048576 size pieces, respectively.
-l LineCount
Specifies the number of lines in each resulting output file. The default
is 1000 lines.

11.2.60 strtol
See 9.1.6.1, “long long Support” on page 138 for long long support extensions.

11.2.61 tar
The following flag has been added:
-o Provides backwards compatibility with older versions (non-AIX) of tar.
Specify this flag if the archive will be restored on a system with an
older version of tar. On output, tar normally places information about
the owner and modes of directories in the archive. Former versions
of tar, when encountering this information, will issue an error
message. This flag also prevents the archiving of special files and
FIFOs that former versions of tar would not be able to extract
properly.
(Note that while anyone can archive special files, only one with
superuser authority can extract them from an archive.)
When this flag is used for reading, it causes the extracted file to take
on the User and Group ID (UID and GID) of the user running the
program, rather than those on the archive. This is the default
behavior for the ordinary user.

11.2.62 test
The following flags have been added:
-e File Returns true if file exists.

The File_descriptor parameter is now required with the -t flag.

11.2.63 time
The following new flag has been added:
-p Writes the timing output as follows:
†real %f\nuser %f\nsys %f\n†,<real seconds>,<user seconds>,
<system seconds>
where seconds is expresses as a floating point number with at least
one digit following the radix character. The POSIX format is identical
to time′s default output, yet the flag was still added to allow for any
possible future changes in the default format.

Chapter 11. U s e r Commands 213

11.2.64 unexpand

The following new flag has been added:

-t Tablists Specifies the position of the tab stops.

11.2.65 vmstat
The following new flags have been added:
-s Reports the contents of the sum structure which contains statistics on
the total number of several kinds of paging related events that have
occurred since system startup.
-i Displays the number of interrupts taken by each device since system
startup. Interrupt statistics of this type are not available on AIX
Version 3.2.

vmstat reports statistics about kernel threads (not processes) now. The
system-wide statistics (among all processors) are calculated as averages for
values expressed as percentages, and as sums otherwise.

11.2.66 w
The following new flags have been added:
-h Suppresses the system summary and the heading line.
-u Prints the system summary only.

11.2.67 whatis
The following new flag has been added:
-M pathname Specifies an alternative search path. The search path is a list of
directories, separated by :(colon) in which whatis expects to find the
standard manual subdirectories.

11.2.68 xargs
The following new flags have been added:
-I W h e r e - i = = > - I { } and - i r e p l s t r = = > - I r e p l s t r
-L W h e r e - l = = > - L 1 and - l n u m b e r = = > - L n u m b e r
-E Where -eeofstr ==> -E eofstr

214 All About AIX Version 4.1