BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)

DEPT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

ICE-1104: Electrical Circuit Laboratory

SL Name Of Experiment
No
1 Construction & Operation of Simple Electrical Circuits
2 Verification of KVL
3 Verification of KCL
4 Verification of Superposition Theorem.
5 Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem
6 Familiarization with alternating current (AC) waves
7 Study of R-L-C series circuit
8 Different types of Low Pass filters and its characteristics with different input
frequency
9 Different types of High Pass filters and its characteristics with different input
frequency
10 Different types of band Pass filters and its characteristics with different input
frequency

Project& Software Simulation

1 Automatic Fuse Cut-Out system
2 Wire Fault Tester
3 House Wiring System
4 KVL apply in House Wiring System
5 KCL apply in House Wiring System
6 Circuit simulation using software
 BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)
Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)
COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103
(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

EXP NO: 01
NAME OF THE EXP: Construction & Operation of Simple Electrical Circuits

OBJECTIVE

The experiment is to acquaint the students with some simple circuits and to

make them familiar with diagram reading, drawing and wiring with the help of

different types of switches (SPST- Single Pole Single Throw, SPDT- Single

Pole Double Throw, DPST- Double Pole Single Throw, DPDT- Double Pole

Double Throw) that will be frequently encountered in different experiments.

INSTRUCTIONS

Read the following procedure carefully and draw the circuit diagrams

accordingly in the space allotted for each procedure and then implement it

practically. Your report must contain neat diagrams of the circuits.

APPARATUS

1) Bread Board
2) Two SPST, two SPDT and one DPDT switch.

PROCEDURE
1. Connect an electric lamp so that it may be operated from a 220v ac supply
using an SPST switch.

2. Connect a lamp so that it may be operated independently by either of two

SPST switches.

3. Connect two lamps so that either may be operated from a common source by
its own switch.

4. Connect two lamps so that both may be operated simultaneously from a

common source by one SPST switch. Is it possible to do it in any other way?
If possible, show both the diagrams and indicate the preferable one.

5. Connect a lamp so that it may be operated independently by either of two

SPDT switches from a 220v source.

6. Connect a lamp using two SPDT and one DPDT switches to the power
supply in such way so that the lamp may be turned ON/OFF by any of the
three switches.

CAUTION:
1. Don’t switch on the supply until your teacher has checked the circuit.
2. Take care of the reading of the apparatus.
3. Take care of any bare circuit element in energized condition.
4. Put on shoes with good insulation.

QUESTIONS:

1. What is an electrical circuit?

2. What is a short circuit?
3. Which method in procedure 4 is preferable? Why?
4. What is the drawback of the following circuit in the connection of the
switch?

Bulb

N
Switch

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)

Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)
 COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103
(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

EXP NO: 02
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Verification of KVL

OBJECTIVE:
This experiment is intended to verify Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) with the
help of series circuits and hence derive equivalent resistance both
experimentally and analytically.

THEORY:

KVL states that around any closed circuit the algebraic sum of the voltage rises
equals the algebraic sum of the voltage drops.

APPARATUS:

 One DC Voltmeter (0 - 300V)

 One DC Ammeter (0 - 5A)
 Three Rheostats each rated at least 4 amps, 20 ohms
 One SPST switches
 One multimeter

PROCEDURE:

 Connect three rheostats R1, R2 and R3 in series through a SPST switch to a

DC power supply as shown in fig,1.

R1

V
A
V1 R2
V V2
V VS I V3
V

R3

RS
Fig.
 Set the rheostats at their maximum value and take readings of V 1, V2, V3, Vs
using a voltmeter and I using an ammeter. Vary the rheostats in such a way
that ammeter reading does not exceed the current rating of any of the
rheostats. Take at least another 2 sets of reading and enter it in the table.
 Verify KVL. Find total resistance R T from the marked ohmic value of the
rheostat. Compare this with experimentally obtained value R eq = Vo/I.

 TABLE:

Obs VS I V1 V2 V3 VTOTAL=
No. Volts Amps Volts Volts Volts V1+V2+V3

Table 1: Calculating Voltage

Obs VS Rm Rcal
no volts R1m R2m R3m Rtm= R1cal R2cal R3cal Rtcal= Req
R1m+ R2m+ R1cal + R2cal =
R3m + R3cal VS/I

Table 2: Calculating Resistance

REPORT :

1. State the rules of connecting voltmeter and ammeters in the circuit.

2. Comment on the results obtained and discrepancies (if any).
3. Can a multimeter be used as substitute of all the ammeters and voltmeters? If
so, why?
4. Why rheostats have current ratings in addition to resistance ratings?
5. “KVL is applicable for open circuit too”—verify.

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)

 Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)
COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103
(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

EXP NO: 03
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Verification of KCL

OBJECTIVE:
This experiment is intended to verify Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) with the
help of parallel circuits and hence derive its equivalent resistance both
experimentally and analytically.

THEORY:

KCL states that the algebraic sum of the currents entering any node equals the
sum of the currents leaving the node.

APPARATUS:

 One DC Voltmeter (0 - 300V)

 Four DC Ammeters (0 - 5A)
 Three Rheostats rated at least 1.4 amps, 100 ohms
 Four SPST switches
 One multimeter

PROCEDURE:
Connect three lamp boards along with their own switches in parallel across the
power supply as shown in figure1.

S
A S A S A S A

VS V I
R1 I1 R1 I2 R1 I3

Req
Turn one lamp ON in each lampboard and measure V, I O, I1, I2, I3. Change the
number of lamps ON and take five sets of readings.
Verify KCL. Find Req from the lamp rating and considering the number of
lamps ON in each lamp board. Compare this with experimentally obtained
value.

TABLE

Obs Vo I I1 I2 I3 IT = Ro = VS/IT Req = Vo / I

No. Volts Amps Amps Amps Amps I1+I2+I3 Ω Ω

REPORT:

1. If lamp boards are used for the series circuit in expt.2 & rheostats are used
for the parallel circuit in expt.3 what could be the possible danger.
2. Comment on the obtained results and discrepancies (if any).
3. Show analytically, for a parallel circuit

1 1 1 1 1
= + + +⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ +
R T R1 R2 R3 RN

4. KCL is a restatement of law of charge - verify the statement.

 BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)
Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)
COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103
(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

EXP NO: 04
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Verification of Superposition Theorem.

OBJECTIVE:
To verify experimentally the Superposition theorem which is an analytical
technique of determining currents in a circuit with more than one emf source.

Theorem:
In a circuit (network) made up of linear elements (e.g. resistors) and containing
two or more sources of emf, the current in any particular branch when all the
emf sources are acting simultaneously may be found by considering the sources
of emf to act one at a time, then finding the current in the specified branch due
to each source and then superimposing, or adding algebraically, these
component currents.

Note regarding Superposition theorem:

While the current due to a particular source of emf is being found the other emf
sources are rendered inactive and if any branch element is in series with those
sources that remains intact.
APPARATUS:
 Two DC power supplies of suitable voltage and current ratings.
 Three rheostats of suitable ratings.
 Three DC ammeters (0-5 amps) and one DC voltmeter (0-50 V).
 One multimeter.
 Two SPDT switches and one SPST switch.

1 S1 S2 1

2 R1 R2
S3 2
A

E1 E2
R3

Fig 1.
PROCEDURE:
 Set up the network (circuit) as in Fig 1.
 Keep both sources active in the circuit by keeping the poles of SPDT s in
proper position.
 Apply 15 volts from E1 and 20 volts from E2.
 Set the rheostats R1, R2, R3 at such value so that none of the ammeter
readings I1, I2, I3 exceed the power supplies (E1 and E2 current ratings and
the rheostat current) ratings.

 Measure the current I and record it in the given table.

 Render E2 inactive.
 Measure the current I/ in the branch R3 and record it in the Table.
 Render E1 inactive.
 Measure the current I// in the branch R3 and record it in the Table.
 Verify if I = I/ + I// which would validate the superposition theorem for this
particular circuit.
 Repeat steps 4 to 10 by changing R1, R2, and R3 and take a few more sets of
readings.

TABLE:

Obs I with both I/ with I// with only

No E1 E2 R1 R2 R3 E1 and E2 only E1 E2 active I=I/+I//
active active (amps)
(amps) (amps)

REPORT:

1. Superposition theorem is not applicable in case of power- verify.

2. Comment on the obtained results and discrepancies (if any).
3. Find theoretically the current I2 with reference to Fig. 1 applying the
superposition theorem:
Considering E1 = 15 volts, E2 = 20 volts and R1, R2, R3 at their values
recorded in no.1 observation of the Table shown.
 BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)
Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)
COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103
(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

EXP NO: 05
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem

OBJECTIVE :

To verify Thevenin's theorem with reference to a given circuit theoretically as

well as experimentally.

THEORY:
It is often desirable in circuit analysis to study the effect of changing a particular
branch element while all other branches and all the sources in the circuit remain
unchanged. Thevenin’s theorem is a technique to this end and it reduces greatly
the amount of computations which we have to do each time a change is made.
Using Thevenin’s theorem the given circuit excepting the particular branch to
be studied is reduced to the simplest equivalent circuit possible and then the
branch to be changed is connected across the equivalent circuit.

The Thevenin’s theorem states that any two terminal linear bilateral network
containing sources and passive elements can be replaced by an equivalent
circuit consist of a voltage source Vth in series a resistor Rth where

Vth = The open circuit voltage ( VOC ) at the two terminals A & B.
Rth = The resistance looking into the terminals A and B of the network with
all sources removed.

RTH A IL
A IL
Linear Bilateral
Network RL
VL RL VTH VL

B
B
There are several methods for determining Thevenin resistance RTH. An
attractive method for determining RTH is:
(1) determine the open circuit voltage, and
(2) determine the short circuit current ISC as shown in the figure; then
RTH

V OC ISC
RTH = VTH
I SC

APPARATUS:

1. Four Rheostats.
2. Ammeter ( 0-5 A).
3. Voltmeter (0-300 V).
4. DC Power Supply.
5. Three SPST Switches.

PROCEDURE:

 For Original Circuit:

1. Arrange the original circuit as shown in figure 1. Keep the rheostats R 1, R2 &
R3 at maximum position (or at least above 20 each). Apply 30V dc from dc
power supply.
2. Measure VL, IL for three values of RL & record the data in the table.

IL

A
R2 A
S1

R111 R3 RL IL
VS V VL

Fig 1: Original Circuit

 Finding Vth & Rth :

3. Remove the load resistance RL and find the open circuit voltage between
terminals A & B. This voltage is Thevenin voltage i.e. VTH=VOC.

R2 A

R111 R3 RL
VS VOC VL

B
Fig 2: Circuit for Finding VOC .

4. Place a short circuit between terminals A & B and find the short circuit
current ISC. Divide The open circuit voltage by the short circuit current to
find the Thevenin resistance RTH i.e.
V OC
RTH =
I SC

R2 A

R111 R3 RL
VS VL
A

ISC

Fig 3: Circuit for finding ISC

 For Thevenin Equivalent Circuit:

5. Construct the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit as shown in figure 4 setting the

power supply at VTH volts and the rheostat at RTH ohms. Now measure the
load current IL and the load voltage VL for the values of RL determined in
step 2. Compare these values with previous values.
RTH A IL

VTH VL RL

B
 Fig 4: Thevenin Equivalent Circuit of Circuit1.

EXPERIMENTAL DATA:

Table1: Data for Original circuit

Obs. VS R1 R2 R3 RL VL IL
No. (V) Ω Ω Ω Ω (V) (A)
1.
2.
3.

Table2: Data for Thevenin equivalent circuit

Obs. RL Vth= VOC ISC Rth VL IL

No. Ω (V) (A) (=VOC/ ISC) (V) (A)
1.
2.
3.

REPORT:

1. Find theoretically the Thevenin equivalent circuit for the values of R 0, R2, R3
& VS recorded in table. Also find IL, VL.
2. Comment on the results obtained and discrepancies (if any).
3. Define unilateral, bilateral & equivalent circuit.
4. Describe other methods for determining Thevenin resistance.
5. Mention the advantages of using Thevenin Theorem.

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)

 Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)

COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103

(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

EXPT. NO.-06

FAMILIARIZATION WITH ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) WAVES

OBJECTIVE:

To study ac (sinusoidal) wave forms and correlate them with practically

measurable effective values. An understanding on a simple ac circuit is also
expected to be developed in the experiment.

INTRODUCTION:

Any periodic variation of current or voltage where the current (or voltage),
when measured along any particular direction, goes positive as well as negative,
is defined to be an AC quantity. Sinusoidal AC wave shapes are the ones where
the variation (current or voltage) is a sine function of time.
v

Vm

Fig 1. An ac (sinusoidal) voltage waveform

For the wave form in Fig.1,

Time period = T
Frequency f = 1/T
 v=V sin 2 π ft =V sin(2 π /T )t

EFFECTIVE VALUE:

Effective (rms) values of sinusoidal waveforms are given as:

√
T
1 Vm
V = ∫ v 2 dt=
T 0 √2 (For sinusoidal wave)

√∫
T
1 Im
I= i 2 dt =
T 0 √2 (For sinusoidal wave)

These values are directly measured in ac voltmeter / ammeters and can be used
in power calculation as:
P=I 2 R=V 2 / R

PHASE DIFFERENCE:

v/i

t


Fig 2. Two sinusoidal waves with phase difference

Phase difference between two ac sinusoidal waveforms is the difference in

electrical angle between two identical points of the two waves. In fig. 2, the
voltage and current equations are given as:
v=V m Sin(2 π /T )t
i=I m Sin(2 π /Tt −θ )

IMPEDANCE:
Relation between the voltage across and the current through any component of
an ac circuit is given by impedance. For the voltage and current waveforms in
Fig. 2, the corresponding impedance Z is given as:

Z=V m / I m ∠θ )=V rms /I rms ∠θ

EQUIPMENT LIST:

1. Oscilloscope
2. Function generation
3. Decade resistor
4. Capacitor bank
5. AC voltmeter
6. AC ammeter
7. SPST
8. Breadboard

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
1F
+

10Vp-p
1 KHz Osc.
Ch-1 10Vp-p Osc. 100 Osc.
1 KHz Ch-1 Ch-2

Fig 1
Fig 2

PROCEDURE:
 1. Connect the output of the function generator directly to channel 1 of
the oscilloscope as shown in fig 1. Set the amplitude of the wave at
10V and the frequency at 1 kHz. Select sinusoidal wave shape.
2. Sketch the wave shape observed on the oscilloscope. Determine the
time period of the wave and calculate the frequency.
3. Measure the voltage with an ac voltmeter.
4. Change the frequency to 500Hz and note what happens to the display
of the wave. Repeat when the frequency is increased to 2 KHz.
5. Construct the circuit as shown in Fig. 2. Measure the input voltage
with an ac voltmeter and the input current with an ac ammeter. The
ration between the voltage and the current gives the magnitude of the
impedance, Z.
6. Observe the wave shapes of oscilloscope channels 1 and 2
simultaneously. Find the frequency of both the waves and amplitude
from the display. Determine the phase difference between the two
waves. The phase difference is give by 360ft, where 't' is the time
delay between the two waves. Also observe which of the two waves
lead. Note that the voltage in channel 2 is the voltage across a
resistance and hence this is in phase with the current flowing in the
circuit.

REPORT:

1. Compare the frequency of the wave determined from the oscilloscope

with the mentioned value on the function generator in step 2 of the
procedure.
2. Calculate the rms value of the voltage observed in step 2 of the
procedure and compare with that measured in step 3.
3. How does the time period vary when the frequency of the wave is
changed in step 4?
4. Calculate the magnitude of the impedance from the readings taken in
step 5.
5. Find the magnitude and the phase angle of the impedance from the
readings taken in step 5 and 6.

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)

Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)
 COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103

(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

Name of the Experiment: Study of R-L-C series circuit.
Exp No: 07
Objectives:
1. To be familiar with ac quantities their phase and phase
differences.
2. To construct the R-L-C series circuit energized by an ac source
and phasor diagram and to satisfy the KVL in phasor form.

THEORY
The phase of an alternating quantity is very important to locate it properly with
respect to reference according to AIEE (American Institute of Electrical
Engineers). Phase is the fractional part of a period through which time or the
associated time angle (θ = ωt) has advanced from an arbitrary reference.

If a sinusoidal voltage is applied to a purely resistive circuit then the

resultant current will be in phase with the applied voltage.

If that applied voltage is applied to a purely resistive circuit then the

ωL
0 (ten−1 )
resultant current will be 90 lagging to the voltage exactly R .

0
Similarly for purely capacitive circuit, the resultant current will be 90
ωL
(ten−1 )
leading from the voltage For RC circuit phase difference is ωCR .

V I

I V
V
I
Purely Resistive Purely Inductive Purely
Capacitive

Fig- 1: Vector Diagram of resistive, inductive, capacitive circuit.

In R-L-C series circuit, if a sinusoidal voltage is applied, then according
to KVL, the applied voltage must, be equal to the vectorial addition of V
R, VL, Vc. In a series circuit current through the circuit is constant.

APPARATUS
1. Function Generator
2. Oscilloscope
3. Capacitor (1μF, 10μF)
4. Resistor (100Ω, 1K)
5. Inductor (65mH)
6. Multimeter
7. Breadboard
8. Corutecting Wires

R1 L1
100 Ohm 65 mh

Vin
C1
3 Vrms 1uF
1KHz

Fig-2: Circuit diagram of R-L-C series circuit.

Vin=√V 2 +(Vl−Vc )2
Vm=I (R + jXl− jXc )
¿ I {R+ j( Xl−Xc )}

⇒
~
Vin
I √
=Z= {R 2 +( Xl−Xc )2 }∠ tan−1
( Xl−Xc )
R

Here Vm and I indicate the rms values, Z is the impedance.

PROCEDURE
 1. Implement the circuit of Fig2. Apply sinusoidal signal of 6v rms,
1KHz from the function generator. Note that voltage magnitude
should be set after the source is connected to the circuit.
2. Take the readings of I , Vr , Vl and Vc with the help of
multimeter.
3. Find out the necessary phase angle with the reference (take the
supply voltage as the reference ) from the oscilloscope.
4. Change resistor and capacitor and perform the previous steps.

DATA TABLE

No of obs Vm∠0 ° Vr ∠θ Vl∠θ Vc ∠θ I ∠θ

REPORT

1. Show the table.

2. Theoretically calculate the voltages and the supply current and compare
with the experimental value.
3. Satisfy the KVL with necessary calculation using the experiment data.
4. Draw the complete phasor diagram using the experiment data.

DISCUSSION
Student need to discuss what they have learned by the experiment and should
comment on the result obtained.

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)

 Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)
COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103
(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

EXPT NO. 08

Name of the Expt : Different types of Low Pass filters and its characteristics
with different input frequency.

OBJECTIVE:

To study how series combinations of resistors, capacitors, and inductors can act
as low, high or band pass filters.

THEORY:

Low Pass Filters:

A low pass filter is one that allows low frequency signals to pass through
without changing them, but attenuates high frequency signals
Figure 1: An RL Low Pass Filter

Looking at the output of this circuit in terms of generalized impedances:

v R
v
out = R + jωL in
……………….Equation 1

It can be seen that if ω is very small, the output signal will be almost exactly the
input signal. However, as ω increases, the fraction becomes small, and the input
signal is attenuated. A low pass filter can also be achieved by taking the output
voltage across a capacitor in a series resistor-capacitor circuit:
 Figure 2: An RC Low Pass Filter
Part 2: An RL Circuit as a Low Pass Filter

This section does the same as the previous, but with an RL circuit.

Figure 5
1) Set up the circuit as in Figure 5, with the voltage source set to 100Hz.
2) Connect channels 1 and 2 of the oscilloscope to measure V s and Vout
simultaneously.
3) For the values of frequency given on the data sheet, record the magnitude of
the output voltage. With each frequency change, make sure that Vs is still 2.0
Vpp.
Part 2: An RL Circuit as a Low Pass Filter

freq Vin (Vpp) Vout Vout/Vin

(Hz) (Vpp)
100 2
500 2
1000 2
2000 2
4000 2
6000 2
8000 2
10000 2
20000 2
30000 2
50000 2
70000 2
100000 2
 V out

4.) For the data, plot a graph of V vs. log( f )

in

5.) On the graph, mark the “pass region”.

6.) From the graph, determine the highest frequency that passes.
 BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)
Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)
COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103
(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

EXPT NO. 09
Name of the Expt : Different types of High Pass filters and its characteristics
with different input frequency.

OBJECTIVE:

To study how series combinations of resistors, capacitors, and inductors can act
as low, high or band pass filters.

THEORY:

High Pass Filters:

A high pass filter allows high frequency signals to pass through unchanged, but
attenuates low frequency signals.

Figure 3: An RC High Pass Filter

v out =
R
1
× v in
R+
jωc ……………….Equation 2
If ω is very large, the input signal will be largely unchanged when it passes
through the filter. If ω is small, the fraction that multiplies V in becomes small,
and Vin is attenuated. A high pass filter can also be obtained by taking the
voltage across the inductor in a series resistor-inductor circuit.
 Figure 4: An RL High Pass Filter

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
Part 1: An RC Circuit as a High Pass Filter

As described above, an RC circuit can be used as either a low-pass or a high-

pass filter, depending on which element the output voltage is taken across.
Using an RC circuit as a high pass filter will be investigated in this section.

Figure 4

1) Set up the circuit shown in Figure 4, with the voltage source at a frequency
of 100Hz.
2) Connect channels 1 and 2 of the oscilloscope to measure Vs and Vout
simultaneously.
3) For the values of frequency given on the data sheet, record the magnitude of
the output voltage. With each frequency change, make sure that Vs is still 10
Vpp.
Part 1: An RC Circuit as a High Pass Filter

freq Vin (Vpp) Vout Vout/Vin

(Hz) (Vpp)
100 10
500 10
1000 10
2000 10
3000 10
4000 10
5000 10
6000 10
7000 10
8000 10
9000 10
10000 10
10000 10
0

Vout

1) For the data, plot a graph of V vs. log( f )

in

2) On the graph, mark the “pass region”. This is the area where Vout is at least
V in

√2 .
3) From the graph, determine the lowest frequency that passes.
 BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS (BUP)
Department of Information and Communication technology (ICT)
COURSE NO. : ICT- 1103
(Electrical Circuit Laboratory)

EXPT NO. 10
Name of the Expt : Different types of Band Pass filters and its characteristics
with different input frequency.

OBJECTIVE:

To study how series combinations of resistors, capacitors, and inductors can act
as low, high or band pass filters.

THEORY:

Band Pass Filters:

A band pass filter utilizes the properties of capacitors and inductors to attenuate
both high and low frequency signals, and allow only those signals falling within
a certain frequency “band” to pass through. This can be done with both parallel
and series RLC circuits. In this lab, the series RLC circuit will be used to
demonstrate a band pass filter.

Figure 3: A Band Pass Filter

Looking at the output of this circuit in terms of generalized impedances
V out =
R
1
× V in
R+ jωl +
jωC …………..Equation 3
If ω is sufficiently large or small, the fraction that V in is multiplied by will
become small, and the signal will be attenuated. However, for the frequency
1
|jωL|=| |
band corresponding to jωC , the signal will pass through with little or no
change.

Part 3: A Band Pass Filter:

This section investigates the frequency response of a series RLC circuit, by

determining the output Voltage compared to the input voltage at various
frequencies.

Figure 6

Answer the questions below, using measured values from the lab. Show at least
one sample calculation per question, and give all answers to 2 decimal places
Part 3: A Band Pass Filter
freq Vin (Vpp) Vout Vout/Vin
(Hz) (Vpp)
100 2
160 2
250 2
500 2
1000 2
1200 2
2000 2
3000 2
4000 2
5000 2
7000 2
10000 2
20000 2
30000 2
50000 2
100000 2

V out

7) For the data, plot a graph of V vs. log( f )

in

8) On the graph, mark the bandwidth region. This is the area where Vout is at
V in

least √ 2 .
9) From the graph determine the upper and lower bounds of the pass
frequencies.

10) Compare the measured value of the resonance frequency to the nominal
value predicted in the pre-lab. Do they agree within error? If not, why not?