MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

71. What happens to the elastic property of a

substance after annealing (cooling slowly after
heating) LEVEL - I (C.W)
1) increases 2) decreases
3) remains constant 4) become zero STRESS & STRAIN
72. If a metal wire of length L, having area of 1. A 20 Kg load is suspended by a wire of cross
cross-section A and Young’s modulus Y, section 0.4 mm2 . The stress produced in N/m2
behaves as a spring of spring constant K. The is
value of K is 1) 4.9 x 10-6 2) 4.9 x 108
8
YA YA 2YA YL 3) 49 x 10 4) 2.45 x 10-6
1) 2) 3) 4) 2. The length of a wire is 4m. Its length is
L 2L L A
73. The point of maximum and minimum attraction increased by 2mm when a force acts on it. The
strain is
1) 0.5 x 10-3 2) 5 x 10-3 3) 2 x 10-3 4) 0.05
3. An air filled balloon is at a depth of 1 km below
U the water level in an ocean. Determine the
normal stress on the balloon
P (atmospheric pressure = 105 pa)
1) 98 ×105 N / m 2 2) 99 × 105 N / m 2
Q r 3) 98 ×103 N / m 2 4) 99 × 103 N / m 2
O
T ELASTIC MODULI AND YOUNG’S
S
MODULUS
R 4. In the Searle’s method to determine the
1) S and R 2) T and R Young’s modulus of a wire, a steel wire of
3) R and S 4) S and T length 156cm
and diameter 0.054 cm is taken as
experimental wire. The average increase in
length for 1.5 kg wt is found to be 0.050cm. Then
the Young’s modulus of the wire is
1) ex ey ez 2) ex + ey + ez 1) 3.002 × 1011 N/m2 2) 1.002 × 1011 N/m2
ex + e y 3) 2.002 × 10 N/m11 2
4) 2.5 × 1011 N/m2
ez = ex ey ez 5. An elongation of 0.1% in a wire of cross-
2 section 10-6m2 causes a tension of 100N. Y for
the wire is
1) 1012 N/m2 2)1011 N/m2 3)1010 N/m2 4)100 N/m2
6. The length of two wires are in the ratio 3 : 4.
Ratio of the diameters is 1:2; young's modulus
of the wires are in the ratio 3:2; If they are
subjected to same tensile force, the ratio of
the elongation produced is
1) 1 :1 2) 1 :2 3) 2 : 3 4) 2 : 1
7. The ratio of diameters of two wires of same
material is n:1. The length of each wire is 4m.
On applying the same load, increase in length
of the thin wire will be ( n>1)
1) n2 times 2) n times
3) 2n times 4) (2n+1) times
8. An aluminium rod has a breaking strain 0.2%.
The minimum cross-sectional area of the rod
in m2 in order to support a load of 104 N is if
(Young’s modulus is 7 × 109 Nm–2 )
1) 1.7 × 10– 4 2) 1.7 × 10– 3
3) 7.1 × 10 – 4 4) 1.4 × 10– 4

77
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

9. A metallic ring of radius 2cm and cross sectional 17. A wire is made of a material of density 1 0 g /
area 4cm2 is fitted into a wooden circular disc cm3 and breaking stress 5 ×109 N / m 2 .
of radius 4cm. If the Young's modulus of the What length of a wire will break under its own
material of the ring is2 x 1011 N/m2 , the force weight when suspended vertically
with which the metal ring expands is: 1) 2 ×10 4 m 2) 3 ×104 m 3) 4 ×10 4 m 4) 5 ×10 4 m
1) 2 x 107 N 2) 8 x 107 N
7
3) 4 x 10 N 4) 6 x 107 N RIGIDITY MODULUS
10. The length of a metal wire is 10cm when the 18. A metal cube of side length 8.0 cm has its
tension in it is 20N and 12cm when the tension upper surface displaced with respect to the
bottom by 0.10 mm when a tangential force of
is 40N. Then natural length of the wire is in 4 x 109 N is applied at the top with bottom
cm surface fixed. The rigidity modulus of the
1) 6 2) 4 3) 8 4) 9 material of the cube is
11. A solid sphere hung at the lower end of a wire 1) 4 x 1014 N/m2 2) 5 x 1014 N/m2
is suspended from a fixed point so as to give an 3) 8 x 1014 N/m2 4) 1x 1014 N/m2
elongation of 0.4mm. When the first solid 19. A wire of 1m length and 4mm radius is clamped
sphere is replaced by another one made of same at upper end. The lower end is twisted by an
material but twice the radius, the new angle of 300 . The angle of shear is
elongation is 1) 0.120 2) 1.20 3) 120 4) 0.0120
1) 0.8mm 2)1.6mm 3) 3.2mm 4)1.2mm
12. The extension of a wire by application of load BULK MODULUS
is 0.3cm. The extension in a wire of same 20. A ball falling in a lake to a depth 200m shows
a decrease of 0.1% in its volume at the bottom
material but of double the length and half the . The bulk modulus of the ball is
radius of cross section by the same load will 1) 19.6 x 108 N/m2 2) 19.6 x 10-10 N/m2
be in (cm) 10
3) 19.6 x 10 N/m 2
4) 19.6 x 10-8 N/m2
1) 0.3 2) 0.6 3) 0.2 4) 2.4 21. A hydraulic press contains 250lit of oil Find
13. Two steel wires have equal volumes. Their the decrease in volume of the oil when its
diameters are in the ratio 2 : 1. When same pressure increases to 10 7 Pa. The bulk
force is applied on them, the elongation modulus of the oil is K = 5×109 pa
produced will be in the ratio of 1) −0.8lit 2) −0.5lit 3) −0.6lit 4) −0.9lit
1) 1:8 2) 8:1 3) 1:16 4) 16:1 22. A material has normal density ρ and bulk
14. An iron wire and copper wire having same modulus K. The increase in the density of the
length and cross-section are suspended from material when it is subjected to an external
same roof Young's modulus of copper is 1/3rd pressure P from all sides is
that of iron. Then the ratio of the weights to P KP Kρ
Pρ
be added at their ends so that their ends are 1) ρ K 2) ρ 3) 4)
K P
at the same level is POISSON’S RATIO
1) 1:3 2) 1:9 3) 3:1 4) 9:1 23. The stress required to double the length of wire
15. A steel wire of uniform cross section 1mm2 is (or) to produce 100% longitudinal strain is
heated to 700 C and stretched by tying it two Y
ends rigidly. Calculate the change in tension 1) Y 2) 3) 2Y 4) 3Y
on the wire when temperature falls from 70o C 2
24. A 3cm long copper wire is stretched to increase
to 35o C its length by 0.3 cm. find the lateral strain
αst = 1.1×10−5 /0 C Yst = 2 ×1011 N / m 2 in the wire, if the Poisson’s ratio for copper is
1) 70N 2) 72N 3) 74N 4) 77N 0.26.
1) 0.013 2) 0.018 3) 0.026 4) 0.016
16. A wire elongates by lmm when a load W is 25. A uniform bar of length ‘L’ and cross sectional
hanged from it. If the wire goes over a pulley area ‘A’ is subjected to a tensile load ‘F’. ‘Y’
and two weights W each are hung at the two be the Young’s modulus and ‘ 'σ ' be the
ends, the elongation of the wire will be (in mm) Poisson’s ratio then volumetric strain is
1) zero 2) l / 2 3) l 4) 2l F F
1) (1 − σ ) 2) AY
F
( 2 − σ ) 3)
F
(1 − 2σ ) 4) .σ
AY AY AY

78
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

26. A rod has Poisson's ratio 0.2. If a rod suffers 34. Y, K, η represent the Young's modulus,bulk
a longitudinal strain of 2 x 10-3, then the modulus and rigidity modulus of a body
percentage change in volume is respectively . If rigidity modulus is twice the
1) +0.12 2) -0.12 3) 0.28 4) -0.28 bulk modulus, then
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY 1) Y = 5K/18 2) Y = 5η /9
27. A metallic rod undergoes a strain of 0.05%. 3) Y = 9K/5 4) Y = 18K/5
The energy stored per unit volume is 35. For a given material the Young's modulus is
(Y=2 x 1011 Nm −2 ) 2.4 times that of its rigidity modulus. Its
1) 0.5 x 104 Jm-3 2) 0.5 x 105 J m-3 Poisson's ratio is
5 -3
3) 2.5 x 10 J m 4) 2.5 x 104 Jm-3 1) 2.4 2) 1.2 3) 0.4 4) 0.2
28. A brass rod has length 0.2m area of cross section
36. For a material Y = 6.6x10 N/m2 and bulk
10
1.0cm2 and Young's modulus 1011 Nm–2 . If it is
modulus K = 11x1010 N/m2 , then its Poisson's
compressed by 5kg-wt along its length then the
ratio is
change in its energy will be
1) increase by 2.4 × 10–5 J 1) 0.8 2) 0.35 3) 0.7 4) 0.4
37. If the Poisson's ratio of a solid is 2/5, then the
2) decrease by 2.4 × 10–5 J ratio of its young's modulus to the rigidity
3) increase by 2.4 × 107 J modulus is
4) decrease by 2.4 × 107 J 1) 5/4 2) 7/15 3) 14/9 4) 14/5
29. A uniform wire of length 4m and area of cross section LEVEL-I (C. W) - KEY
2mm2 is subjected to longitudinal force produced
an elongation of 1mm.If Y= 0.2 x1011 Nm-2, 01) 2 02) 1 03) 2 04) 3 05) 2 06) 4
elastic potential energy stored in the body is 07) 1 08) 3 09) 2 10) 3 11) 3 12) 4
1) 0.5J 2) 0.05J 3) 0.005J 4) 5.0J
30. Two wires of same material and area of cross 13) 3 14) 3 15) 4 16) 3 17) 4 18) 2
section but with lengths in the ratio 5:3 are 19) 1 20) 1 21) 2 22) 3 23) 1 24) 3
stretched by the same force. The ratio of work 25) 3 26) 1 27) 4 28) 1 29) 3 30) 3
done in two cases is 31) 3 32) 3 33) 1 34) 4 35) 4 36) 4
1) 5:8 2) 8:5 3) 5:3 4) 3:5
31. An elastic string of unstretched length ‘L’ & 37) 4
force constant ‘K’ is stretched by a small LEVEL-I (C.W) - HINTS
length ‘x’ it is further stretched by small 1. Stress = F / A, F = Mg 2.Strain = ∆l / l
length ‘y’. The work done in second stretching 3. Net pressure = Pressure due to atmosphere
is
+ pressure due to water column = P0 + hρ g
2) K ( x + y )
1 2 1 2 2
1) Ky F
2 2
Fl Y=
1 1 4. Y =  ∆l 
3) Ky ( 2x + y ) 4) K ( x + y )
2 , F = Mg 5. A 
2 2
Ae  l 
SPRINGS Fl l Fl
32. A spring of spring constant 5 × 103 Nm −1 is 6. e = 2 , e α 2 7. e = 2 , F α r2
πr Y Yr πr Y
stretched initially by 5 cm from the F
unstretched position. Then the work required Y=
8.  ∆l 
to stretch it further by another 5 cm is A 
1) 6.25 Nm 2) 12.50 Nm  l 
3) 18.75 Nm 4) 25.00 Nm YAe
RELATION BETWEEN Y,K & η 9. Length to be double e = l, F =
l
33. Young's modulus of a metal is 15 x 1011 pa. If its Fl2
Poisson's ratio is 0.4. The bulk modulus of the metal 10. Stress = Y strain 11. e = e α Vα r 3
VY
in Pa is Fl l FV l
1) 25 x 1011 2) 2.5 x 1011 12. e = 2 , eα 2 13. e = eα 4
πr Y
2
3) 250 x 1011 4) 0.25 x 1011 r YA r

79
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

YAe ELASTIC MODULI AND YOUNG’S

14. F = ,FαY 15. F = YAaVt
l MODULUS
16. Same tension e α F 17. breaking stress = l pg 4. A wire of 10m long and 1mm2 area of cross
FL FL F section is stretched by a force of 20N. If the
18. η = , A = L2 , η = = 19. rθ = l∅
Al L l Ll elongation is 2mm, the young's modulus of the
2

p material of the wire (in Pa) is

K= - PV
. 1) 1 x 109 2) 2 x 10-9 3) 1 x 1011 4) 1 x 1012
∆
 V 21. K =
20. −  5. The area of cross-section of a wire is 10–5 m2
 V  VV
when its length is increased by 0.1% a tension
p
K = F ∆l of 1000N is produced. The Young's modulus
22. ∆ρ 23. ∆l = l, Y = of the wire will be (in Nm– 2 )
ρ A l 1) 1012 2) 1011 3) 109 4) 1010
lateralstrain 6. There are two wires of same material. Their
24. σ = Longitudinalstrain radii and lengths are both in the ratio 1 : 2. If
The Lateral Strain = σ × Longitudinal Strain the extensions produced are equal, the ratio
∆V ∆ L dr F  σF of the loads is
25. = +2 = + 2−  1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 4 4) 4 : 1
V L r AY  AY 
7. If stress is numerically equal to young's
∆V ∆l 1
= (1 − 2σ ) 27. U = Y ( strain)
2
26. modulus the elongation will be
V l 2 1) 1/4 the original length 2) 1/2 the original length
1 F l 1 YAe 3) Equal to the original length
38. E = F × e, e = 29. E = F × e, F = 4) Twice the original length
2 AY 2 l 8. Two wires of same material and length but radii
1 F l
30. E = F × e, e = in the ratio 1: 2 are stretched by two forces to
2 AY produce equal elongation. The ratio of two
forces is
31. U = U2 - U1 = K ( x + y ) - Kx
1 2 1 2
1) 1:1 2) 1:2 3) 1 : 3 4) 1 : 4
2 2
9. A steel wire of length 5 m and cross sectional
1
32. W = K x , W α x 2 33. Y = 3K (1 − 2σ )
2
area 2 ×10−6 m 2 stretches by the same amount
2 as a copper wire of length 4 m and cross
9 1 3
34. = + 35. Y = 2η (1 + σ ) sectional area of 3 ×10−6 m 2 under a given
Y K η load. The ratio of young’s modulus of steel to
36. Y = 3K (1 − 2σ ) 37. Y = 2η (1 + σ ) that of copper is
1) 8 : 15 2) 15 : 8 3) 5 : 3 4) 3 : 5
LEVEL - I (H.W) 10. A metal ring of inner radius r1 and cross-
sectional area 'A' is fitted on to a wooden disc
STRESS & STRAIN
of radius r2,
1. A steel wire of 2mm in diameter is stretched r2 > r1 . If Y is the young's modulus of the
by applying a force of 72N. Stress in the wire metal then the tension in the ring is
is AYr2 AY(r2 − r1) Y( r2 − r1) Yr1
1) r 2) 3) Ar 4) Ar
1) 2.29 ×10 7 N / m 2 2) 1.7 × 107 N / m 2 1 r1 1 2
11. When the tension on a wire is 4N its length is
3) 3.6 ×107 N / m 2 4) 0.8 ×107 N / m 2
2. The length of a wire under stress changes by l1 . When the tension on the wire is 5N its
0.01%. The strain produced is length is l 2 . Find its natural length.
1) 5l1 - 4l 2 2) 4 l1 - 5l 2
1) 1 x 10-4 2) 0.01 3) 1 4) 10 4 3) 10l1 -8l2 4) 8l1 -10l2
3. An air filled balloon is at a depth of 2 km below 12. A wire whose cross - sectional area is 4 mm2
the water level in an ocean. Determine the is stretched by 0.1 mm by a certain load. If a
normal stress on the balloon [atmospheric similar wire of double the area of cross -
pressure =105 pa] section is under the same load, then the
1) 190 x 105 pa 2) 196 x 105 pa elongation would be
7
3) 190 x 10 pa 4) 196 x 107 pa 1) 0.5mm 2) 0.05 mm 3) 0.005mm 4) 5mm

80
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

13. Two wires A and B have Young's moduli in the (Ysteel=2.0×1011 Nm–2 , rsteel =7.85×103 kgm–3 )
ratio 1:2 and ratio of lengths is 1:1. Under the 1) 1.923 × 10–5 cm 2) 2.923 × 10–5 cm
–5
application of same stress the ratio of 3) 1.123 × 10 cm 4) 3.123 × 10–5 cm
elongations is 21. A rope of 1 cm in diameter breaks if tension in
1) 1:1 2) 1:2 3) 2:1 4) 1:4 it exceeds 500N. The maximum tension that
14. A wire is stretched by 0.01m by a certain force may be given to a smaller rope of diameter
'F' another wire of same material whose 2cm (in N) is
diameter and lengths are double to original 1) 500 2) 250 3) 1000 4) 2000
wire is stretched by the same force then its 22. A cable breaks if stretched by more than 2mm.
elongation will be It is cut into two equal parts. By how much
1) 0.005m 2) 0.01m 3) 0.02m 4) 0.04m either part can be stretched without breaking
15. A brass wire of length 300 cm when subjected 1) 0.25mm 2) 0.5mm 3) 1mm 4) 2mm
to a force F produces an elongation "a". RIGIDITY MODULUS
Another wire of twice the diameter and of 23. A metal cube of side 10cm is subjected to a
same length and material , when subjected to shearing stress of 106 N/m2 . If the top of the
the force F produces an elongation b. Then cube is displaced by 0.05 cm with respect to
the value of a/b is its bottom. Calculate the rigidity modulus in
N/m2
1) 1 : 1 2) 4 : 1 3) 2 : 1 4) 1 : 2
16. Two bars A and B of circular cross section and 1) 20 ×108 2) 15 ×108 3) 2 ×108 4) 0.2 ×108
of same volume made of same material are 24. The upper end of a wire of radius 4mm and
subjected to tension. If the diameter of A is length 100cm is clamped and its other end is
half that of B and if the force applied to both twisted through an angle of 600 the angle of
the rods is the same and it is in the elastic shear is
1) 0.0240 2) 0.240 3) 2.40 4) 240
limit the ratio of extension of A to that of B
will be 25. A thin cylindrical rod of length 2.5m and radius
1) 16 2) 8 3) 4 4) 2 5mm is firmly fixed at upper end when lower
17. Two wires of the same material have masses end is twisted, the shear angle is found to be
in the ratio 3:4 . The ratio of their extensions 0.060 . then angle of twisting is
under the same load if their lengths are in the 1) 100 2) 200 3) 300 4) 400
ratio 9:10 is BULK MODULUS
1) 5 : 3 2) 27 : 40 3) 6 : 5 4) 27 : 25 26. A spherical ball of volume 1000 cm3 is
18. Two rods of different materials are clamped subjected to a pressure of 10 atmosphere. The
at their ends rigidly. When they are heated change in volume is 10–2 cm3 . If the ball is
for the same rise in temperature, same thermal made of iron find its bulk modulus.
stresses are produced in them. If their Young's (Atmospheric pressure =1×105 Nm–2 )
moduli are in the ratio x:y then ratio of 1) 1 × 1011 N/m2 2) 2 × 1011 N/m2
3) 3 × 1011 N/m2 4) 4 × 1011 N/m2
coefficients of their linear expansion is 27. On taking a solid rubber ball from the surface
1) x : y 2) y : x 3) x2 : y2 4) y2 : x2 to the bottom of a lake 100m deep, the
19. A tungsten wire, 0.5 mm in diameter, is just reduction in volume is found to be 0.5%. If
stretched between two fixed points at a the density of water is 103 kgm-3 and g = 10
temperature of 400 C. Determine the tension ms -2, find the bulk modulus of rubber.
in the wire when the temperature falls to 200 C.
(coefficient of linear expansion of tungsten 1) 1 ×108 Pa 2) 2 ×108 Pa
= 4.5 × 10–6 /0 C; Young’s modulus of tungsten 3) 4 x 108 Pa 4) 6 x 108 Pa
= 3.45 × 1010 Nm–2 ) 28. Estimate the change in the density of water
1) 0.6097N 2)3.097N in ocean at a depth of 500m below the surface.
3)5.097N 4)7.097N
The density of water at the surface =1030
20. A uniform steel rod of length 1m and area of kgm–3 and the bulk modulus of water = 2.2 ×
cross section 20 cm2 is hanging from a fixed 109 Nm–2
support. Find the increase in the length of the 1) 2.363 kg/m3 2) 1.363 kg/m3
3
rod. 3) 4.363 kg/m 4) 3.363 kg/m3
81
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

POISSON’S RATIO 38. If the Poisson’s ratio of solid is 1/4. Then the
29. A material has Poisson’s ratio 0.3. If a uniform ratio of Rigidity Modulus to the Young’s modulus
rod of it suffers a longitudinal strain of 25 × is
10–3 , then the percentage increase in its 1) 2/5 2) 5/2 3) 7/5 4) 5/7
volume is LEVEL-I (H.W)-KEY
1) 1% 2) 2% 3) 3% 4) 4%
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY 01) 1 02) 1 03) 2 04) 3 05) 2 06) 1
30. A metal rod of Young's modulus 2×1010 Nm-2 07) 3 08) 4 09) 2 10) 2 11) 1 12) 2
undergoes an elastic strain of 0.02% the energy 13) 3 14) 1 15) 2 16) 1 17) 4 18) 2
per unit volume stored in the rod in joule/m3 is
19) 1 20) 1 21) 4 22) 3 23) 3 24) 2
1) 400 2) 800 3) 1200 4) 1600
31. A wire is suspended vertically from one of its 25) 3 26) 1 27) 2 28) 1 29) 1 30) 1
ends is stretched by attaching a weight of 31) 4 32) 1 33) 2 34) 1 35) 2 36) 2
200N to the lower end. The weight stretches
the wire by 1mm. Then the elastic energy 37) 1 38) 1
stored in the wire is LEVEL-I (H.W)-HINTS
1) 0.2J 2) 10J 3) 20J 4) 0.1J F F ∆l
32. Two wires of same radius and length are 1. Stress = = 2 2. Strain =
subjected to the same load. One wire is of A πr l
steel and the other is of copper. If the Young's Fl
3. P = P0 + hdg 4. Y=
modulus of steel is twice that of copper, the Ae
ratio of elastic energy stored per unit volume Fl ∆l
in steel to that of copper wire is 5. Y= , = 0.1% 6.
Ae l
1) 1:2 2) 2:1 3) 1:4 4) 4:1 2
YAe F1 r1 l2
SPRINGS F= , = 2×
33. A long spring when stretched by 2cm its l F2 r2 l1
potential energy is U. If the same spring is F 
A
F
= Y ,Y =   F×l
stretched by 8cm the potential energy of the 7. A  ∆l  8. e= , Fα r 2
π r ×Y
2
spring is  l 
 
1) 8U 2) 16U 3) 4U 4) U Fl Y1 A1 l 1 YAe
RELATION BETWEEN Y,K & η 9. Y = , = 10. F = , e = r2 − r1,l = r1
Ae Y2 A2 l 2 l
34. If bulk modulus of the metal is 2 ×1012 Pa l1 − l T1 Fl Mgl 1
and Poisson’s ratio is 0.4 then young’s 11. = 12. e = = , eα
modulus of the metal is l 2 − l T2 AY AY A
1) 1.2 ×1012 pa 2) 3 ×1012 pa Fl e1 l Y Fl
13. e= , = 1 2 14. e =
AY e 2 l 2 Y1
3) 3.2 × 1012 pa 4) 4.2 ×1012 pa AY
35. Y, K and η respectively the young’s, Bulk and Fl F×l FV
15. e= ,e = 2 16. e = 2 , V = volume
K AY π r ×Y YA
rigidity modulus of a body, if η= , then
2 Fl 2
l2
correct relation is 17. e= , volume α mass, eα
9K 7 YV m
Y=
3) Y = 3 K
3K 7K
1) Y= 2) 7 4) Y = 18. F = YAα∆ t, α1Y1 = α 2Y2 19. T=Y a ? ? π r 2
7 9
36. Find poisson’s ratio of a metal if young’s l 2? g F F
20. e = 21. BreakingStress = = 2 , Fαr
2
modulus is 2.8 times rigidity modulus. A πr
2Y
1) 0.2 2) 0.4 3) 0.6 4) 0.5 22. B . stress α B . strain , eα l
37. For a metal Y = 1.1×1010 N / m 2 and Bulk F
modulus is K = 11×1010 N / m 2 then Poisson’ss rθ rθ
η = A
ratio is (nearly) 23. x 24. φ = 25. φ =
l l
1) 0.5 2) 0.7 3) 0.2 4) 0.9 L
82
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

P P ELASTIC MODULI AND YOUNG’S

K= K= , P = hdg
∆V ∆V MODULUS
26. − 27.
V V 2. A load of 4 kg is suspended from a ceiling
P ∆ρ ∆V through a steel wire of length 20m and radius
28. K = ∆V , P = hdg, =− 2mm. It is found that the length of the wire
− ρ V increases by 0.031 mm. as equilibrium is
V achieved. If g=3.1 x π ms -2 , the value of
∆V ∆l young's modulus in Nm-2 is
29. = [1 − 2σ ] 1) 2.0 x 1012 2) 4.0 x 1011
V l 11
3) 2.0 x 10 4) 0.02 x 109
3. Two wires of equal cross section, but one made
1
30. Strain energy per unit volume = Y ( Strain)
2
up of steel and the other copper are joined
2 end to end. When the combination is kept
1 under tension, the elongations in the two wires
31. Elastic energy = F ×e are found to be equal. If Ysteel = 2.0 x 1011 N.m-
2 2
and Ycopper = 1.1 x 1011 Nm-2, the ratio of the
1 ( stress )
2
lengths of the two wires is
32. Strain energy per unit volume = 1) 20 : 11 2) 11:20 3) 5 : 4 4) 4 : 5
2 Y
4. If Young's modulus of iron be 2 x 1011 Nm-2
1
33. U = K x 34. Y = 3K (1 − 2σ ) and interatomic distance be 3 x 10-10m-2, the
2

2 interatomic force constant will be (in N/m)

9 1 3 1)60 2)120 3) 30 4) 180
35. = + 36. Y = 2η (1 + σ ) 5. Two wires A and B of the same dimensions
Y K η are under loads of 4kg and 5.5 kg respectively.
37. Y = 3K (1 − 2σ ) 38. Y = 2η (1 + σ ) The ratio of Young's moduli of the materials
of the wires for the same elongation is
LEVEL - II (C.W) 1) 64 : 121 2) 11 : 8 3) 11:8 4) 8 : 111
6. A load of 1kg weight is attached to one end
STRESS & STRAIN of a steel wire of cross sectional area 3 mm 2
1. One end of a uniform wire of length ‘L’ and and Young’s modulus 1011 N/ m 2 . The other
mass ‘M’ is attached rigidly to a point in the end is suspended vertically from a hook on a
roof and a load of mass ‘m’ is suspended from wall, then the load is pulled horizontally and
its lower end. If A is the area of cross-section released. When the load passes through its
of the wire then the stress in the wire at height lowest position the fractional change in
‘ x ’ from its lower end ( x <L) is length is (g =10m/ s 2 )
1) 10−4 2) 10−3 3) 103 4) 104
7. The radii and young’s modulus of two uniform
(L-x) wires A & B are in the ratio 2:1 and 1:2
respectively. Both the wires are subjected to
L P the same longitudinal force. If increase in the
length of wire A is 1% . Then the percentage
x increase in length of wire B is
1) 1 2) 1.5 3) 2 4) 3
8. Four identical hollow cylindrical columns of
steel support a big structure of mass 50,000kg.
The inner and outer radii of each column are
m 30 cm and 40 cm respectively, Assuming the
load distribution to be uniform. Calculate the
Mg mxg mg Mxg compressional strain of each column, the
1) + 2) A − AL
A AL young’s modulus of steel is 2 × 1011 Pa
mg Mxg
+
mg Mxg
+
1) 2.78 ×10−6 2) 3.78 ×10 −6
3) 4)
A AL AL A 3) 2.78 ×10−4 4) 3.78 ×10 −4
83
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

9. A wire of length 1m and radius 1mm is

subjected to a load. The extension is ‘x’. The
wire is melted and then drawn into a wire of (m1 +m 2 ) g l1 m2 gl 2
1) ,
square cross-section of side 1mm. What is its l1 AY1 AY2
extension under the same load? A
1) π x 2) π x
2 2 3) π x 4) π x Y1
( m1 −m 2 ) g l1 , m2 gl 2
10. An aluminium wire and steel wire of the same 2) AY1 AY2
m1
length and cross section are joined end to end.
 m1 
The composite wire is hung from a rigid support l2  + 1  g l1
and a load is suspended from the free end. The 3)  2
m  m gl
A , 2 2
young's modulus of steel is 20/7 times the AY1 AY2
Y2
aluminium. The ratio of increase of length of  m1 
 − 1 gl 1
steel and aluminium is
4)  m2  , m2 g l 2
m2
1) 20/7 2) 400/49 3) 7/20 4) 49/400 AY1 Ay2
11. What percent of length of a wire will increase 16. Calculate the force ‘F’ needed to punch a
by applying a stress of 1 kg. wt/mm2 on it. 1.46 cm diameter hole in a steel plate
[Y=1x1011 Nm-2 and 1 kg wt = 9.8N] 1.27cm thick . The ultimate shear strength
1) 0.0078% 2) 0.0088% of steel is 345 M N/m2 (Approx).
3) 0.0098% 4) 0.0067% 1) 300 KN 2) 400 KN 3) 200 KN 4) 100 KN
12. A lift is tied with thick iron wire and its mass RIGIDITY MODULUS
is 1000kg. If the maximum acceleration of the 17. A block of weight 15N slides on a horizontal
lift is 1.2 ms -2 and the maximum stress of the table the co-efficient of sliding friction is 0.4.
The area of the block in contact with the table
wire is 1.4 x 108 Nm-2 what should be the is 0.05 m2 . The shearing stress will be
minimum diameter of the wire? 1) 120 Nm-2 2) 140 Nm-2
1) 10-2 m 2)10-4 m 3)10−6 m 4) 0.5 x 10 −2 m 3) 160 Nm -2
4) 180 Nm-2
13. Two wires are made of the same material and 18. Two equal and opposite forces each F act on
a rod of uniform cross-sectional area A, as
have the same volume. However wire 1 has shown. The shearing stress on the section AB
cross-section area A and wire 2 has cross- will be
section area 3A. If the length of the wire 1 A
F sin x cos x
increased by ∆x on applying force F how much 1)
force is needed to stretch wire 2 by the same A
F F
amount F sin x
1)F 2) 4F 3) 6F 4) 9F 2)
x A
14. An aluminium wire and a steel wire of the B
same length and cross-section are joined end F cos x F sin2 x
3) 4)
to end. The composite wire is hung from a rigid A A
support and a load is suspended from the free BULK MODULUS
end. If the increase in the length of t h e 19. A cubical ball is taken to a depth of 200m in a
sea. The decrease in volume observed to be
composite wire is 2.7 mm, then the increase in 0.1% the bulk modulus of the ball is
the length of each wire is (in mm).
( g = 10m / s 2 )
( YAl = 2x1011 Nm-2, Ysteel= 7x1011 Nm-2)
1) 1.7,1 2) 1.3,1.4 3) 1.5,1.2 4) 2.1,0.6 1) 2 ×107 pa 2) 2 ×106 pa
15. Two wires are arranged as shown in the figure. 3) 2 ×109 pa 4) 1.2 × 109 pa
The elongations in upper and lower wires are 20. The compressibility of water is 5×10−10 m2 / N
respectively and subjected to a pressure of 15 MPa. The
fractional decrease in volume will be
1) 7.5 ×10 −3 2) 5 ×10 −3 3) 2.5 ×10−3 4) 1.25 ×10 −3

84
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

POISSON’S RATIO 28. A copper wire and a steel wire of the same
21. A material has Poisson’s ratio 0.5. If a uniform length and same cross-section are joined end
rod of it suffers a longitudinal strain of 2 ×10−3 to end to form a composite wire. The
then the percentage increase in its volume is composite wire is hung from a rigid support
1) 0% 2) 10% 3) 20% 4)5% and a load is suspended from the other end. If
the increase in length of the composite wire
STRAIN ENERGY is 2.4 mm., then the increase in lengths of steel
22. A steel wire of mass 3.16 Kg is stretched to a and copper wires are [MED2014]
tensile strain of 1 x 10-3. What is the elastic YCu = 10 ×1010 N / m2 and YSteel = 2 × 1011 N / m 2
deformation energy if density ρ =7.9 g/cc and 1) 0.1 mm, 2.0 mm 2) 1.2 mm, 1.2 mm
Y=2x1011 N/m2 3) 0.6 mm,1.8 mm4) 0.8 mm, 1.6 mm
1) 4 KJ 2) 0.4 KJ 3) 0.04KJ 4) 4J 29. Force constants of two wires A and B of the
23. A brass wire of cross-sectional area 2mm2 is same material are K and 2K respectively. If
suspended from a rigid support and a body of the two wires are stretched equally, then the
volume 100cm3 is attached to its other end. If
the decrease in the length of the wire is  WA 
0.11mm, when the body is completely ratio of work done in stretching  W  is
immersed in water, find the natural length of  B
the wire. [MED 2013]
(Ybrass = 0.91 x 1011 N/m2 , ρwater = 103 kgm-3) 1 1 3 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
1)20.43m 2)10.43m 3)40.43 m 4)30.43 m 3 2 2 4
24. The Young’s modulus of the material of a rod 30. Two wires of same material and length but
is 20 x 1010 pascal. When the longitudinal diameters in the ratio 1:2 are stretched by
strain is 0.04%, The energy stored per unit the same force, the elastic potential energy
volume is per unit volume for the two wires when
1) 4 x 10-3 J/m3 2) 8 x 103 J/m3 stretched by the same force will be in the ratio
-3 3
3) 16 x 10 J/m 4) 16 x 103 J/m3 [2014 Eng]
25. Two blocks of masses 1 kg and 2 kg are 1) 16 : 1 2) 1 : 1 3) 2 : 1 4) 4 : 1
connected by a metal wire going over a 31. A 4 m long copper wire of cross sectional area
smooth pulley. The breaking stress of metal 1.2 cm2 is stretched by a force of 4.8 x 103 N.
40 If Young’s modulus for copper is
is ×106 Nm −2 . What should be the minimum
3π Y=1.2 x 1011 N/m2 , the increase in length of
radius of wire used, if it should not be broken? wire and strain energy per unit volume are
( g = 10 ms−2 ) [ENG-2011] [2010 Med]
1) 0.5 mm 2) 1 mm 3) 1.5 mm 4) 2 mm 1) 1.32 × 10−4 m,66 ×103 J
26. A tension of 22 N is applied to a copper wire 2) 132 × 10−4 m,6.6 ×102 J
of cross-sectional area 0.02 cm2 Young’s
modulus of copper is 1.1 x 1011 N/m2 and 3) 13.2 × 10−4 m,6.6 ×103 J
Poisson’s ratio 0.32. The decrease in cross 4) 0.132 ×10−4 m,66 ×104 J
sectional area will be [ENG-2012]
1) 1.28 x 10-6 cm2 2) 1.6 x 10-6 cm2 32. When a wire subjected to a force along its
3) 2.56 x 10-6 cm2 4) 0.64 x 10-6 cm2 length, its length increases by 0.4% and its
27. An Aluminium and Copper wire of same cross radius decreases by 0.2%, then the Poisson’s
sectional area but having lengths in the ratio ratio of the material of the wire is
2:3 are joined end to end. This composite wire [2008 Med]
is hung from a rigid support and a load is 1) 0.8 2) 0.5 3) 0.2 4) 0.1
suspended from the free end. If the increase LEVEL - II (C.W) - KEY
in length of the composite wire is 2.1 mm. the 01) 3 02) 1 03) 1 04) 1 05) 4 06) 1
increase in lengths of Aluminium and Copper 07) 3 08) 1 09) 1 10) 3 11) 3 12) 1
wires are [MED-2011] 13) 4 14) 4 15) 1 16) 3 17) 1 18) 1
: YAl = 20 × 1011 N / m 2 and YCu = 12 × 1011 N / m 2 19) 3 20) 1 21) 1 22) 3 23) 1 24) 4
1) 0.7 mm; 1.4 mm 2) 0.9mm;1.2 mm 25) 2 26) 1 27) 4 28) 4 29) 2 30) 1
2) 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm 4) 0.6 mm, 1. 5 mm 31) 3 32) 2

85
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

LEVEL - II (C.W) - HINTS Ftan θ F1 cosθ Asinθ cosθ

1. Tension in the string at point ‘P’ is 18. stress = = =
T = wt of load + wt of wire of length ‘x’ A A1 A
pV −∆V
T = mg +
M
xg ; Stress at P = =
T mg Mxg
+ . 19. K= ,p=hdg 20. = compressibility ×∆P
L A A AL ∆V V
∆V ∆l Y 2 m
Y=
mgl 21. = (1 − 2σ ) 22. E = ( strain)
2.
Ae V l 2 d
ls Ys YAe
= , in series,stress=constant, e = FL 23. ρVg = F =
3. l
lc Yc AY
stress E 1
K = Yro ; K = interatomic force constant Y= = × Y × ( strain)
2
4. 24. ;
ro = interatomic distance strain V 2
W l T=
2m1m2
, B.S =
T
5. e= , W = mg 25. m1 + m2 A
AY
T l 1 mv 2 −∆r
6. e= , mg l = mv 2 , T = + mg YA∆l σ = r ∆A ∆r
AY 2 l 26. F = =2
, ∆l ,
∆l F S r 2 Y l A r
= , t B = A2 A l
7. l AY St A rB Y B e1 l1 Y2
27. e = e1 + e2 , e = l × Y
8. The resisting area is each column p ( R 2 - r 2 ) 2 2 1

F e1 Y2
28. e = e1 + e2 , e = Y 29. W = Kx 2
1
Compressional strain =
AY 2 1 2
9. Volume= constant,π r 2l = a2 l1 E 1 ( stres)
2
1 F2 E 1
FL e F 30. = = , α
e= 2 A 2Y 2 V r4
10. 1. × 100 =
, Yses = YAl e Al ;11. ×100 V 2 Y
AY l AY ∆r
−
× 100
m ( g + a) E 1 F l σ= r
31. = ( stres ) × ( strain ) , E = × . 32. + ∆l ×100
12. Breaking stress = V 2 A Y
πr
2
l
13. Volume= constant, a1l1 = a2l2 ; ∆x1 = ∆x2 LEVEL - II (H.W)
FL 1 e1 Y2
14. e= , e α ,e = Y ; STRESS AND STRAIN
AY Y 2 1
1. One end of uniform wire of length L and weight
substituting in e1 + e2 = e
W is attached to rigid point in the roof and a
15. For lower wire F = m2 g weight w1 is suspended from its lower end. If S
Fl2 m gl is the area of cross-section of the wire the stress
F= ⇒ e2 = 2 2
AY2 AY2 in the wire at a height (3L/4) from its lower end
is
For upper wire F = (m 1 + m2 ) g
w1  w
 w1 + 

 w1 +
3w 
(w 1 + w )
F l1 ( m1 + m 2 ) g l1

1) 2)  4 3)  4  4)
e1 = = S S S S
AY1 AY1 YOUNG'S MODULUS
16. As in punching, shear elasticity is involved, 2. A 20 kg load is suspended from the lower end
the hole will be punched it
of a wire 10cm long and 1mm2 in cross sectional
 F1 1 
  > ultimate shear stress area. The upper half of the wire is made of iron
 A  and the lower half with aluminium. The total
F11 > ( shear stress ) × Area ; [ A=2πrL] elongation in the wire is
µ mg (Yiron = 20 x 1010 N/m2 , YAl = 7 x 1010 N/m2 )
17. Stress= , F = f = µ mg 1) 18.9 x 10-3m 2) 17.8 x 10-3m
A
3) 1.78 x 10-3 m 4) 1.89 x 10-4 m

86
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

3. A steel wire is 1 m long and 1mm2 in area of longitudinal force. Y for steel is twice that of
cross-section. If it takes 200N to stretch this copper. When the length of copper wire is
wire by 1mm, the force that will be required to increased by 1%, the steel wire will be
stretch the wire of the same material and cross- stretched by
sectional area from a length of 10m to 1002 cm 1) 2% of its original length
2) 1% of its original length
1) 100N 2) 200 N 3) 400 N 4) 2000N 3) 4% of its original length
4. A wire of length 1m and radius 1mm is subjected 4) 0.5% of its original length
to a load. The extension is ‘x’. The wire is melted RIGIDITY MODULUS
and then drawn into a wire of square cross-section 11. A tangential force of 2100N is applied on a
of side 2mm. What is its extension under the surface area 3 ×10 −6 m 2 which is 0.1m from
same load? fixed surface. The force produces a shift of
π 2x π 2x π 7mm of upper surface with respect to bottom.
1) 2) π x 2 3) 4) Calculate the modulus of rigidity of the
16 3 x
5. A stress of 106 N/m2 is required for breaking a material.
material. If the density of the material is 3 x 1) 2 x 1010 N/m2 2) 1 x 1010 N/m2
103 kg/m3 , then what should be the minimum 3) 3 x 1010 N/m2 4) 4 x 1010 N/m2
length of the wire made of the same material BULK MODULUS
so that it breaks by its own weight (g=10m/s 2 ) 12. A uniform pressure 'P' is exerted on all sides of a
1) 33.4 m 2) 3.4 m 3) 34 cm 4) 3.4 cm solidcubeattem perature 00 C. In order to bring
6. A wire can be broken by 400kg.wt. The load the volume of the cube to the original volume,
required to break the wire of double the thickness the temperature of the cube must be increased
of the same material willbe(in kgwt. ) by t0 c. If α is the linear coefficient and K be the
1) 800 2) 1600 3) 3200 4) 6400 bulk modulus of the material of the cube, then t is
7. A coper wire and an aluminium wire has equal to
lengths in the ratio 3:2 diameter in the ratio 3P P P P
1) K α 2) 2α K 3) 4)
2:3 and force applied in the ratio 4:5 find the 3αK αK
ratio of the increase in length of the two wires 13. A solid sphere of radius R made of material of
YAl = 7 ×1010 N / m 2 , YCu = 11×1010 N / m 2 bulk modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a
cylindrical container. A massless piston of area A
1) 110:89 2) 180:110 3) 189:110 4) 80:11
floats on the surface of liquid. When a mass 'm'
8. There are two wires of same material their
is placed on the piston to compress the liquid, the
radii and lengths are both in the ratio 1: 2. If
the extensions produced are equal, what is the ∆R
fractional change in the radius of the sphere
ratio of the loads ? R
1) 1:2 2) 2:1 3) 1:4 4) 4:1 is
9. Two rods of different materials having mg mg mg 3mg
coefficient of linear expansionα 1 andα 2 and 1)
AK
2)
3AK
3)
A
4)
AK
Young’s moduli Y1 and Y2 respectively aree 14. Find the change in density of water in ocean at
fixed between two rigid massive walls. the rods depth of 700m below the surface. The density of
are heated such that they under go the same water at the surface is 1000kg/m 3 and the bulk
increase in temp. there is no bending of rods. modulus of water is 4.9×109Nm-2.
If α1 : α 2 =2:3, then the thermal stresses 1) 2.4 kg/m3 2) 3.4 kg/m3
3) 1.4 kg/m3 4) 4.4 kg/m3
developed in the two rods are equal if Y1 : Y2 15. When a rubber ball of volume v , bulk modulus
is equal to K is at a depth h in water then decrease in its
1) 4:9 2) 3:2 3) 9:4 4) 2:2 volume is
10. A piece of copper wire has twice the radius of h ρ gv h ρ gv h ρ gv h ρ gv
steel wire. which are connected in series,so 1) K
2) 3) 3K 4) 4K
2K
that both of them can be subjected to the same

87
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

16. A fractional change in volume of oil is 24. A metal wire 4m long and 2 x 10-7sq.m in cross-
1percent. When a pressure of 2 x 107 N/m2 is section is stretched by a force of 30N. If the
applied. Calculate the bulk modulus and its work done in stretching that wire is 4.5 x 10-2
compressibility. J the young’s modulus of the wire is
1) 3 x 108 N/m2 ; 0.33 x 10-9m2 /N 1) 2 x 1011 Pa 2) 4 x 1011 Pa
2) 5 x 109 N/m2 ; 2 x 10-10m2 /N 12
3) 2 x 10 Pa 4) 4 x 1012 Pa
3) 2 x 109 N/m2 ; 5 x 10-10m2 /N LEVEL - II (H.W) - KEY
4) 2 x 109 N/m2 ; 5 x 10-9m2 /N 01) 3 02) 4 03) 3 04)1 05) 1 06) 2
POISSON’S RATIO
07) 3 08) 1 09) 2 10) 1 11) 2 12) 3
17. When a wire of length 10m is subjected to a
force of 100 N along its length, the lateral 13) 2 14) 3 15) 1 16) 3 17) 1 18) 2
strain produced is 0.01x10-3. The Poisson’s 19) 1 20) 2 21) 4 22) 3 23) 1 24) 1
ratio was found to be 0.4. If the area of cross- LEVEL - II (H.W) - HINTS
section of wire is 0.025m2 , then its Young’s 3
modulus is 1. Force acting at length from bottom
1) 1.6 x 108 N/m2 2) 2.5 x 1010 N/m2 4
3 
3) 12.5 x 1011 N/m2 4) 16 x 109 N/m2 F =  W  + W1
18. The Poisson's ratio of a material is 0.4. If a 4 
force is applied to a wire of this material, then F l e1 = Y2
there is a decrease of cross-sectional area by 2. e = e1 + e2 , e =
,
AY e2 Y1
2%. The percentage increase in its length is YAe F1 l 2 e2
1) 3% 2) 2.5% 3) 1% 4) 0.5% 3. F= , =
STRAIN ENERGY l F2 l 1 e1
Fl
19. A wire of length ' l ' and cross sectional area A is Volume= constant, π r l = a l , e =
2 2 1
4.
suspended at one end from a ceiling. The strain YV
energy due to its own weight, if its Young’s l 2dg F
e= 6.B.S= ,Fα r
2
5.
modulus is ‘Y’ and density is ‘ d ’ is ( g= acc. 2Y A
due to gravity) Fl e1 F1 l1 r2 2 Y2
7. Y= ; e = F l r 2Y
d 2 g 2 Al3 dgAl 3 d 2 g 2 Al3 d 2 g2 A2 l3 Ae 2 2 2 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
6Y 6Y 3Y 3Y YAe r2
8. F= ,Fα
20. Two wires of same material and same diameter l l
have lengths in the ratio 2:5. They are 9. Thermal stress = Yα ∆t , Y1α1 = Y2α2
stretched by same force. The ratio of work   e   e
e
done in stretching them is 10. F = AY   = constant; AsYs  l  = AcYc  l 
l s c
1) 5 : 2 2) 2 : 5 3) 1:3 4) 3 : 1 F L P ∆V
21. A wire fixed at the upper end stretches by 11. η = ; 12. K = ; = γ t = 3α t
length ‘l’ by applying a force F. The work A ∆x ∆V V
done in stretching is V
∆V F mg ∆R 1 ∆V
1) F / 2l 2) Fl 3) 2Fl 4) Fl / 2 13. = = ; =
22. If ‘S’ is stress and ‘Y’ is Young’s modulus of V AK AK R 3 V
Pρ ∆pV
material of a wire, the energy stored in the 14. ∆ρ = ,P=hdg ; 15. K = − ∆V
K
wire per unit volume is  ∆r 
−  Fl
σ= 
2Y 1 r 
S S2 K=−
pV
C= ;Y =
1) 2) 2 3) 4) 2S 2Y 16. ∆V
17.  ∆l  Ae
2Y S 2Y K  
 l 
23. A simple pendulum is made by attaching 1Kg ∆l ( ∆r / r ) ∆A ∆r
bob to 5m long copper wire of diameter 0.08 18. = ; =2
l σ A r
cm and it has a certain period of oscillation L
1 d 2 g2 A 2  1  stress 
2

and 10 kg bob is replaced by 1 kg bob the 19. ∫ dU = ∫ 2 Y . x dx ∴ ∫ 
2  Y 

×Vol 

 
change in time period is ( Y = 12.4 ×1010 Nm −2 )
0

1 F 2l
1) 0.0035 sec 2) 4.4915 sec 20. E α l ; E =
2 AY
3) 4.488 sec 4) 0.0021 sec
88
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

1 6. As shown in adjacent figure if a load of mass

21. work done = stress × strain × volume
2 (m) is attached at lower end of wire. Then find
E ( strees )2 S 2 the displacement of the points B ,C and D are
22. = =
V 2Y 2Y as shown in figure,
l + ∆l 1 l + ∆l 2
23. T1 = 2π
g
and T2 = 2π g
; ∆T = T2 − T1
e1 =
( mg ) l1
(i) elongation of first wire
E 1 ( stress ) AY1
2

24. = ×
V 2 Y (ii) elongation of 2nd wire

LEVEL - III e2 =
( mg ) l 2 + ( mg ) l1
AY2 AY1
YOUNG’S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (iii) elongation of 3rd wire
1. A wire of length 1m fixed at one end has a
sphere attached to it at the other end. The e3 =
( mg ) l 3 + ( mg ) l2 + ( mg ) l1
sphere is projected horizontally with a velocity AY3 AY2 AY1
of 9g . When it describes a vertical circle,
the ratio of elongations of the wire when the
sphere is at the top and bottom of the circle is l1
A B
1) 2 : 5 2) 5 : 2 3) 3 : 5 4) 5 : 3 Y1
2. A body of mass 10kg is attached to a wire 0.3m
long. Its breaking stress is 4.8 x 107 N/m2 . The l2
A C
area of cross section of the wire is Y2
10-6m2 . The maximum angular velocity with
l3
which it can be rotated in a horizontal circle A D
without breaking is Y3
1) 2 rad/s 2) 4 rad/s 3) 6 rad/s 4) 8 rad/s
3. A mass 'm' kg is whirled in a vertical plane by
tying it at the end of a flexible wire of length 'L' m
and area of cross-section 'A' such that it just
completes the vertical circle. When the mass is at 1) (i) is correct 2) (i)&(ii) are correct
its lowest position, the strain produced in the wire 3)(iii) is correct 4) All are correct.
is (Young's modulus of the wire is 'Y')
1)AY/ 6 mg 2)6mg/AY 3)5mg/AY 4)AY/5mg 7. A copper wire of negligible mass, length ( l )
4. When a mass is suspended from the end of a and cross-sectional area (A) is kept on a
wire the top end of which is attached to the
smooth horizontal table with one end fixed, a
roof of the lift, the extension is ‘e’ when the
lift is stationary. If the lift moves up with a ball of mass ’m’ is attached at the other end.
constant acceleration g/2, the extension of the The wire and the ball are rotated with angular
wire would be velocity ‘ ω ’. If wire elongates by ∆l , then
2e 3e the Young’s modulus of wire and if on
1) 2) 3) 2e 4) 3e increasing the angular velocity from ω to ω 1
3 2
5. A block of mass 1 Kg is fastened to one end , when the wire breaks-down, then the breaking
of a wire of cross- sectional area of 2 mm2 stress ( ∆l << l ) are respectively..
and is rotated in vertical circle of radius 20cm.
The speed of the block at the bottom of the
circle is 3.5 ms -1. The elongation of the wire 1)
( mlω ) , mlω
2 12
2)
ml Mlω2
,
when the block is at top of the circle is A∆l A A∆lω2 A
1) 0.6125 ×10−5 m 2) 0.6125 ×10−4 m
mlω 2 M ω1 m l ω 2 ml ω 1
2

3) 0.6125 ×10−3 m 4) 0.6125 ×10−2 m 3) , 4) ,

A∆l Al A∆ l A

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

8. A stone of mass (m) is attached to one end of 11. A wire of cross section A is stretched horizontally
a small wire of length ( l ) and cross sectional between two clamps located ‘2l ’m apart. A A
weight W kg is suspended from the mid-point
area ( A ) suspended vertically. The stone is of the wire. If the mid-point sags vertically
now rotated in horizontal plane such that the through a distance x << l the strain produced
wire makes an angle 'θ ' with vertical. If Y is is
its Young’s modulus, then the increase in length
of wire is 2x 2 x2 x2 x
1) 2 2) 2 3) 2 4) 2
S l l 2l 2l
12. If in the above question the Young’s modulus
of the material is Y, the value of extension x
θ
is
1/3 1/3 1/3
 Wl   YA  1  WA 
1/3
W 
T 1)   2)   3)   4) l 
L  YA   Wl  l Y   YA 
13. Each of three blocks shown in figure has a
T cos θ
mass 3 kg. The wire connecting, blocks A and
θ B has area of cross-section 0.005 cm 2 and
R Young’s modulus of elasticity
T sin θ Y = 2 ×10 N / m
11 2 . Neglect friction. Find the

elastic potential energy stored per unit volume

mg
in wire connecting blocks A and B in steady
mg l cos θ mgl state( in j/m3 (Take g = 10 m / s 2 )
1) 2)
AY AY cos θ
A B
mglY mg lA
3) 4)
A cos θ Y cos θ
9. Two blocks of masses m and 2m are connected
through a wire of breaking stress S passing
over a frictionless pulley. The maximum radius
of the wire to be used so that the wire may not C
break is 1)500 2) 1000 3)2000 4)3000
14. A sphere of radius 0.1 m and mass 8π kg
is attached to the lower end of a steel wire of
length 5.0 m and diameter 10-3 m. The wire is
suspended from 5.22 m high ceiling of a
m room.When the sphere is made to swing as a
2m simple pendulum, it just grazes the floor at its
lowest point.Calculate the velocity of the
3 mg 4 mg 4 mg 1 mg sphere at the lowest point.
1) 2) 3) 4)
4πS 3 S 3πS 2πS (Y for steel = 1.994x1011 N/m2 ).
10. One end of a long metallic wire of length L, area
of cross-section A and Young’s modulus Y is tied
to the ceiling. The other end is tied to a massless
spring of force constant K. A mass m hangs T 5.22m
freely from the free end of the spring. It is slightly
pulled down and released. Its time period is given
by
m mYA 0.2m
1) 2π 2) 2π
K KL
mK m ( KL + YA )
3) 2π 4) 2π −1
mg
−1
KL KYA 1) 7.5ms 2) 8.2ms 3) 8.8ms −1 4) 6.5ms −1

90
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

15. A thin uniform metallic rod of mass M and and for brass = 1.0 × 106 kg / cm 2
length L is rotated with a angular velocity ω 5000 kg
in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis
passing through one of its ends. The tension brass
brass 20 cm
in the middle of the rod is steel 30 cm
1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2
1) MLω 2) MLω 2) MLω 4) MLω
2 4 8 8
16. Two wires of same material but radii r1 and r2
1) 120, 161 2) 161, 120 3) 120,140 4) 141, 120
support a mass M in between. If a force of 20. If the ratio of lengths, radii and Young’s
1
F = Mg is applied then moduli of steel and brass wires are a , b and c
3 respectively, their respective loads are in the
ratio 3:2, then the corresponding ratio of
1 r1 increase in their lengths would be
2a 2c 3a 3ac 3c
1) 2) 2 3) 2 4) 2
b 2b c b 2ab
2 r2
21. A uniform rod of length L, has a mass per unit
Mg length λ and area of cross-section A. The
3 elongation in the rod is l due to its own weight,
1) for r1 = r2 , 2 should be broken before 1. if it is suspended from the ceiling of a room.
The Young’s modulus of the rod is
2) for r1 less than 2r2 , 2 should be broken
before 1. 3λ gL2 λ gL2 2λ gL λ gL2
1) 2) 3) 4)
3) data is insufficient Al 2 Al Al Al
4) for r1 = 2r2 , any of the two may break BULK MODULUS & RIGIDITY MODULUS
17. A wire of radius r, Young’s modulus Y and 22. τ 1 be torque required per unit twist for hallow
length l is hung from a fixed point and supports
a heavy metal cylinder of volume V at its lower sphere, τ 2 be torque required per unit twist
end. The change in length of the wire when for solid sphere of same radius, same volume
cylinder is immersed in a liquid of density ρ , and same material. Then
is in fact 1) τ1 = τ 2 2) τ1 < τ 2
Vl ρ g Vr ρ g
1) decreases by 2) increases by Y π l 2 3) τ1 > τ 2 4) 1 & 2 are correct
Yπr2
V ρg Vρg 23. A uniform pressure ‘P’ is exerted on all sides
3) decreases by 4) increases by π rl of a solid cube at temperature t 0 C . By what
Yπ r
18. A light rod of length 2 m is suspended from amount should the temperature of the cube be
the ceiling horizontally by means of two raised in order to bring back to its original
vertical wires of equal lengths tied to its ends. volume, it had before the pressure was applied.
One of the wires is made of steel and is of (The bulk modulus and coefficient of volume
cross section 10−3 m 2 and the other is of brass expansion of the material are B and γ
of cross-section 2 ×10 −3 m 2 . Find out the respectively).
position along the rod at which a weight may Pγ PB γ P
1) 2) 3) 4)
be hung to produce. (Young’s modulus for steel B γ PB γB
is 2 ×1011 N / m 2 and for brass is 1011 N / m 2 ) 24. The density of water at the surface of the ocean
a) equal stress in both wires is ρ . If the bulk modulus of water is B then ,
b) equal strains on both wires what is the density of ocean water at a depth,
1) 1.33 m, 1m 2) 1m, 1.33 m where the pressure is nPo , ( Po is the
3) 1.5 m, 1.33 m 4) 1.33m, 1.5 m
atmospheric pressure)
19. A steel rod of cross-sectional area 16cm 2 and
ρB ρB
two brass rods each of cross-sectional area 1) B − ( n − 1 ) P 2) B + ( n − 1 ) P
10cm 2 together support a load of 5000 kg as 0 0

shown in figure. Find the stress in the rods(in ρB ρB

3) B − nP 4) B + nP
kg/cm2 ). Take Y for steel = 2.0 ×106 kg / cm 2 0 0

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

25. What is the density of lead under a pressure 2) mrω 2 = Breaking stress x A
of 2 × 10 8 N / m 2 , if the bulk modulus of lead F  a
3) F = 6mg , strain = 4) e2 = e1 1 + g 
is 8 × 10 8 N / m 2 and initially the density of AY  
lead is 11.4 g / cm 3 5) (i)Tension at the bottom of the circle,
1) 12.89 gm / cm 3 2) 14 gm / cm 3 mv 2 Fl
T= + mg ; e =
r AY
3) 11.69 gm / cm 3 4) zero (ii)Tension at the top of the circle,
26. The mean density of sea water is ρ , and bulk T = Tension at the bottom - 6mg
modulus is B. The change in density of sea Fl
water in going from the surface of water to a The increase in length e =
AY
depth of h is
6) displacement of B is e1 ,displacement of C is e1 + e2
Bρ2 ρ 2 gh ρ gh
1) 2) B ρ gh 3) 4) displacement of D is e1 + e2 + e3
gh B B
7) a) r = l + ∆l ; F = T = mrω 2 = m ( l + ∆l ) ω 2
STRAIN ENERGY
as ∆l in small ; F ≈ mlω 2 ; Y = ( )
27. The rubber cord of a catapult has a cross mlω 2
sectional area 1mm2 and total unstretched A∆l
b) We know Breaking stress
length 10cm. It is stretched to 12cm and then
mlω1
2
Breaking force
released to project a missile of mass 5gm. = =
Taking 'Y' for rubber 5x108 N/m2 , the velocity Areaof cross sec tion A
mg
of projection is 8) From fig. T cos θ = mg ⇒ T =
1) 10m/s 2) 15 m/s 3) 20 m/s 4) 25 m/s cosθ
28. On loading, a metal wire of cross section10-6 T sin θ = mRω 2 ;
m2 and length 2m by a mass of 210 kg, it Fl T l mgl
e= = ; e=
extends by 16mm and suddenly broke from AY AY AY cos θ
the point of support. If density of that metal T
9). Stress, S = 2 , here T - mg = ma............(i)
is 8000Kgm-3 and its specific heat is 420 J Kg- πr
1
K-1, the rise in temperature of wire is 2mg - T = 2ma..............(ii)
1) 2.50 C 2) 50 C 3) 60 C 4) 100 C 4 4mg
on solving T = mg then S =
3π r
2
29. A long wire hangs vertically with its upper end 3
clamped. A torque of 8 Nm applied to the free YA
K.
end twists it through 450 . The potential energy K1 K 2 L = KYA
of the twisted wire is 10) K eq = K1 + K 2 = YA KL + YA
K+
π π π L
1) π J 2) J 3) J 4) J
2 4 8 m m ( KL + YA)
T = 2π = 2π
LEVEL-III - KEY Keq KYA
01) 1 02) 2 03) 2 04) 2 05) 1 06) 4
07) 1 08) 2 09) 3 10) 4 11) 3 12) 4 (∴ string&springinseries )
13) 2 14) 3 15) 4 16) 4 17) 1 18) 1 11) Here change in length is
19) 1 20) 2 21) 2 22) 3 23) 4 24) 1
∆l = [ AC + BC ] − 2l = 2 ( l 2 + x 2 )
1/2
25) 3 26) 3 27) 3 28) 1 29) 1 − 2l
LEVEL-III - HINTS 1/2
 x2   1 x2  x2
1) Vtop = xrg ; Vbottom = (x + 4)rg = 2l  1 + 2  = 2 l 1 + 
2 l2 
− 2 l =
 l   l
Vtop = 5g ; v = 9 gr A l l B
x
mv 2b θ θ
Tbottom = + mg = 10 mg
r c
mv 2t et 4 mg
Ttop = − mg = 4mg ; e = 10 mg
r b W

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 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

∆l x2 1.994 ×1011 ×π ( 5 ×10 −4 ) × 0.02

2

∴ strain = = YA
T= ∆L = = 199.4π N
2l 2l 2 L 5
12) and as equation of circular motion of a mass ‘m’
l l tied to a string in a vertical plane is
θ
θ
x T sin θ ( mv 2 / r ) =T − mg cos θ
T T sin θ So at lowest point
T

θ θ
( mv 2
/ r ) =T − m g [ as θ = 0]
T cos θ T cos θ But here r = 5 + 0.02 + 0.1 = 5.12 m
So ( 8π 2 /5.12 ) = (1.99.4π − 8π × 9.8 )
W
v 2 = (121× 5.12/8 ) = 77.44, So v = 8.8 m / s
2T sinθ = W (for small angles sin θ = tan θ ) 15. Let m be the mass per unit length of the
rod. Then M= mL
x x Consider a small element of length dx
2T tan θ = W ; tan θ = =
located at C at a distance x from A
x2 + l 2 l
The mass of element of length dx = mdx.
x Wl T Wl
2T =W ; T = ; Stress = = The centripetal force at C is
l 2x A 2 xA dF = ( mdx ) xω 2
1/3
 W 
3
Stress Wl 2l 2 Wl x= L
Y= = × 2 ,Y= orx =  ×l 1
 F= ∫ (mdx) xω = mω 2 (L 2 − x 2 )
2
 AY 
3
Strain 2 Ax x Ax 2
x= x

a a M 1 2  x2 
Now , m = ; F = 2 MLω 1 − L2 
3kg T T 3kg T1 L  
1  x2 
T1 F = π r 2 ρ L2ω 2  1 − 2 
2  L 
13) a Tension in the middle put x = L / 2
3kg
4 Mg
16. Stress for wire 1, S1 = 3 × π r 2 and
mg 1
From force diagram, T = 3a ............ (i); Mg
T1 − T = 3a .........(ii) 3g − T1 = 3a .......(iii) stress for wire 2, S2 = 3 × π r 2
2
After solving eqs. (i), (ii)
for r1 = r2 , S1 = 4S2
T 10
∴ Stress = = −4 ∴ any of the two wires may break
A 0.005 ×10 because stress is same
∴ The elastic energy stored per unit volume
Yπ r 2 Yπ r 2 '
1 17. Mg = ∆l = W ...(1) ; W ' = ∆l ...(2)
= × stress × strain l l
2
Yπ r 2 V ρ gl
1
= × stress ×
stress 
Q Y =
Stress 

∴W − W ' =
l
( ∆l − ∆l ' ) ; ∆ l − ∆ l ' =
Yπ r
2
2 Y  Strain 
2
18. Given, stress in steel = stress in brass
 10  T T T A −3

Stress2  0.005×10−4  ∴ S = B ,∴ S = S , = 10 = 1 .....(i )

= = , = 1000J / m3 AS AB TB AB 2×10−3 2
2Y 2× 2 ×1011 As the system is in equilibrium, taking
14. As the length of the wire is 5m and diameter moments about D, we have
2x0.1=0.2m and at lowest point it grazes the
TS 2 − x
TS x = TB (2 − x) ⇒ T = x ............(ii )
floor which is at a distance 5.22 m from the
roof, the increase in the wire at the lowest point B

∆L = 5.22 − ( 5 + 0.2) =0.02m from equation (i) and (ii), we get x = 1.33 m
stress
So tension in the wire (due to elasticity) strain =
Y

93