STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION AND

PROBLEMS
A PRESENTATION BY - GROUP 7

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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION & IT’S CURVE
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 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Normal distribution is also known as Gaussian distribution. It is a probability
distribution which is symmetric about the mean.

The function gives the probability that an event will fall between any two real
number limits as the curve approaches zero on either side of the mean.

The area underneath the normal curve is always equal to 1.

The normal distribution is a central component of inferential statistics.

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 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE
The normal distribution is symmetric, bell-shaped distribution in which the
mean, median, and mode are all equal.Indicates that values near the mean
occur more frequently than the values that are farther away from the mean.

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STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
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● Special normal distribution where,

Mean = 0

Standard deviation = 1.

● The random variable of a standard normal

distribution is known as the standard score or
a z-score.

● Z scores tell you how many standard deviations

from the mean each value lies.

● The standard normal distribution has bell-

shaped curve.

● The curve is unimodal, meaning it has a single

peak, which occurs at the mean of 0.

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● The standard normal distribution is characterized by the empirical rule, often referred to as the
68-95-99.7 rule, tells us where most values lie in the given normal distribution:

- About 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.

- About 95% falls within two standard deviations.

- About 99.7% falls within three standard deviations.

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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION V/S
STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Normal Distribution: Standard Normal Distribution:
● It is also called gaussian distribution ● Also called the z-distribution
● The normal distribution is a broad class of probability ● The standard normal distribution is a
distributions that can have various means (μ) and specific normal distribution with a
standard deviations (σ). mean (μ) of 0 and a standard
● The normal distribution can have a wide range of deviation (σ) of 1
values for both its mean(0) and standard deviation(1), ● The standard normal distribution has
allowing it to describe a variety of real-world data
fixed values for its mean (0) and
patterns.
standard deviation (1)
● When working with a normal distribution, you can
calculate z-scores to standardize data by ● Data from a standard normal
transforming it to have a mean of 0 and a standard distribution already has z-scores
deviation of 1. ● used in statistics, especially in fields
● Used to model a wide range of phenomena in various like hypothesis testing and
fields, such as natural sciences, social sciences, and confidence intervals.
finance, where data is expected to be normally
distributed.a broad class of probability distributions that can
have various means (μ) and standard deviations (σ).
●
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STANDARDIZING A NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
The standard normal distribution is a special normal distribution where the mean is 0
and the standard deviation is 1. Any normal distribution can be standardized by
converting its values into z-scores. Z-scores tell you how many standard deviations
from the mean each value lies. Converting a normal distribution into a z-distribution
allows you to calculate the probability of certain values occurring and to compare
different data sets .

To standardize a normal distribution, you can convert the individual values into
z-scores. A z-score is a standard score that tells you how many standard
deviations away from the mean an individual value lies. To calculate a z-score,
you can subtract the mean from your individual value and divide the difference
by the standard deviation

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USE OF STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION TO FIND A PROBABILITY
The standard normal distribution, often denoted as the Z-distribution or N(0,1), is a
fundamental probability distribution with a mean (μ) of 0 and a standard deviation (σ) of 1.

You can use this distribution to find probabilities associated with specific values or ranges of
values. Here are some common uses:

Finding the probability of a specific value: To find the probability that a random variable
follows a specific value in a standard normal distribution, you can use the Z-table or a
calculator.

For example, P(Z = z) represents the probability of a standard normal random variable being
equal to a particular value "z."

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Finding the probability within a range: To find the probability that a standard normal random
variable falls within a given range, you can calculate the area under the standard normal curve.
This involves finding the cumulative probability from the Z-table or using a statistical calculator.
For example, P(a ≤ Z ≤ b) represents the probability that a standard normal random variable
falls between "a" and "b."

Finding percentiles: You can use the standard normal distribution to find the percentile
associated with a specific Z-score. This tells you the percentage of values that are less than or
equal to a given Z-score

Standardizing and transforming other distributions: You can use the standard normal
distribution to standardize and transform other normal distributions into the standard normal
form for various statistical tests.

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Z SCORE, Z SCORE TABLE & ITS SIGNIFICANCE
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 Z-SCORE
Z-Score, also known as the standard score, indicates how many standard
deviations an entity is, from the mean.
The formula is used to express the number of standard deviations in the
difference between a value and the mean. The values for z range from -3 to +3.
Properties of z-score:
Following are some of the properties of the Standard (z) Score:
1. The mean of the z-scores is always 0. It is also important to note that the
standard deviation of the z-scores is always 1.
2. Further, the graph of the z-score distribution always has the same shape as the
original distribution of sample values.

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3. The z-scores above the value of 0 represent sample values above the mean,
while z-scores below the value of 0 represent sample values below the mean. 4.
The shape of the distribution of the z-score will be similar or identical to the
original distribution of the raw scores. Thus, if the original distribution is
normal, then the distribution of the z-score will also be normal.

Therefore, converting any data to z-score does not normalize the distribution of
that data.

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 Z-SCORE INTERPRETATION
The value of the z-score tells you how many standard deviations you are away
from the mean. If a z-score is equal to 0, it is on the mean.

A positive z-score indicates the raw score is higher than the mean average. For
example, if a z-score is equal to +1, it is 1 standard deviation above the mean.
A negative z-score reveals the raw score is below the mean average. For example,
if a z-score is equal to -2, it is two standard deviations below the mean.

TABLE: https://www.z-table.com/

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 Z-SCORE SIGNIFICANCE

1. It helps in identifying the position of observation(s) in a population

distribution.
2. It is used for standardising the raw data
3. It helps in comparing scores that are from different normal distributions

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HOW TO USE Z DISTRIBUTION
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Here's a step-by-step example of how to use a Z distribution table:

1. Understand the Z-Score:

- Calculate the Z-score for the value you want to find the probability for using the
formula:
Z = (X - μ) / σ
- Z is the Z-score.
- X is the value you want to find the probability for.
- μ is the mean (0 for the standard normal distribution).
- σ is the standard deviation (1 for the standard normal distribution).

2. Find the Z-Score in the Table:

- Locate the Z-score you calculated in the Z distribution table. This table typically
provides Z-scores on one side and corresponding probabilities (percentiles) on the
other side.

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3. Interpret the Table:
- The Z distribution table will give you the probability associated with the
Z-score you found. This probability represents the area under the standard
normal curve to the left of the Z-score.

4. Calculate Complementary Probabilities (Optional):

- If you need to find the probability to the right of the Z-score, you can
subtract the probability you found from 1. This gives you the complementary
probability.

5. Round if Necessary:
- Depending on the level of precision in the table, you might need to round
your Z-score to a reasonable number of decimal places.
PROBLEMS
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Z score problems
1. Scores on a psychological well-being scale range from 1 to 10, with an average score of 6 and a
standard deviation of 2. What is the z-score for a person who scored 4?

2. On a measure of anxiety, a group of participants show a mean score of 35 with a standard

deviation of 5. What is the z-score corresponding to a score of 30?

3. A depression inventory has an average score of 50 with a standard deviation of 10. What is the
z-score corresponding to a score of 70?

4. In a study on sleep, participants report an average of 7 hours of sleep per night, with a standard
deviation of 1 hour. What is the z-score for a person reporting 5 hours of sleep?

5. On a memory test, the average score is 100, with a standard deviation of 15. What is the z-score
corresponding to a score of 85?

6. A happiness scale has an average score of 75 with a standard deviation of 10. What is the z-score
corresponding to a score of 95?

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Problems on finding probability using z distribution

1. A unit known as radar is used to measure speeds of buses on a motorway. The speed of the
buses are normally distributed with a mean of 90 km/hr and a standard deviation of 10 km/hr.
What is the probability that a bus sliced randomly is travelling at more than 100 km/hr?

2. For some laptops, the time between charging the laptop battery is normally distributed with a
mean of 50 hours and a standard deviation of 15 hours. Rajesh owns one of these laptops and
wants to know the probability that the time period will be between 50 and 70 hours.

3. You collect SAT scores from students in a new test preparation course. The data follows a
normal distribution with a mean score (M) of 1150 and a standard deviation (SD) of 150. You
want to find the probability that SAT scores in your sample exceed 1380.

4. The length of a species of fish is normally distributed with mean of 5.3 cm and standard
deviation of 2.5. A fish is selected at random , what is the probability that it's length is (a)
greater than 6.4cm ,(b) between 3.6cm and 5.9 cm .

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THANKS!

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