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Virtual Laboratory Activity No. 1
Throw It Away!
Team Number: 1 Date Performed: May 15, 2024
Grade & Section: 12 – St. Francisco Marto Date Submitted: May 20, 2024
COLLABORATIVE SCIENCE TEAM EVALUATION
CONTRIBUTION TO THE COOPERATION WITHIN RESPONSIBILITY TO

(FOR TEACHER ONLY)

Participation Score
TEAM THE TEAM TEAM MEMBERS

Total Ind. Score

TEAM MEMBERS Cooperates
Shares
(Alphabetically Arranged, Shares Shares with Makes Fair Fulfills
Responsi-
Boys First) Information Information Team Decisions Duties
bilities
Members

4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
BERMUDEZ, Rome Dale / / / / / / 11

VALDEZ, Carl Dominic / / / / / / 24

FLORES, Maxenne Joy / / / / / / 24

NELMIDA, Naomi Nicole / / / / / / 24

I. Objectives:
A. To be able to determine the relationship between and or among the
following pairs of variables in projectile motion; and
B. To be able to solve a “target challenge problem” on projectile motion using
the projectile motion simulation, and verify the answer using the formulas in
projectile motion.

II. Materials
Phet Simulator (Projectile Motion) computer/laptop calculator

III. Procedure
1. Open the resource “Phet Simulation (Projectile Motion)”.
2. Click the “Lab” section.
3. Use the tools to manipulate the independent variable for each table under Data and
Results.

a. Click the arrow down to choose the object.

 b. Slide the bars for each section

to manipulate the mass, diameter, and gravity of the

object.

c. Click the box to activate air resistance if needed. Slide the

bar to manipulate altitude.

d. Slide the bar to manipulate the initial speed of the object.

e. Drag the cannon up and down to manipulate the desired

height.

f. Slide the cannon to obtain an angle of zero degree (0°).

g. Drag to manipulate the distance of the target.

h. Click to release the object from the cannon.

i. Use to measure the range, time and height of the projectile.

j. Click to erase all the data.

k. Click to zoom in and zoom out the field.

l. Click to reset the activity.

4. Follow the data given in the Data and Results table in the simulation to determine the
missing information.
IV. Data and Results
Table 1: Projectile Motion at Different Heights
Gravity Initial
Projectile Mass Diameter Height 𝜽 Range
(g) Velocity
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 2m 18 m/s 0° 11.5 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 4m 18 m/s 0° 16.26 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 6m 18 m/s 0° 19.8 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 8m 18 m/s 0° 23.0 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 10 m 18 m/s 0° 25.71 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 12m 18 m/s 0° 28.17 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 14 m 18 m/s 0° 30.43 m
kg m/s2

Table 2: Projectile Motion with Different Initial Velocity

Gravity Initial
Projectile Mass Diameter Height 𝜽 Range
(g) Velocity
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 7m 0 m/s 0° 0m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 7m 5 m/s 0° 5.98 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 7m 10 m/s 0° 11.95 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 7m 15 m/s 0° 17.93 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 7m 20 m/s 0° 23.9 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 7m 25 m/s 0° 29.88 m
kg m/s2
0.01 9.8
Baseball 0.07 m 7m 30 m/s 0° 35.73 m
kg m/s2
 Table 3: Projectile Motion with Different Materials (Mass & Diameter) and air
resistance.
Air Initial
Gravity
Projectile Mass Diameter Resistance Height Velocit 𝜽 Range
(g)
(Altitude) y
17.60
Cannonball 0.18m 1700 m 9.8 m/s2 15 m 15 m/s 0° 26.16 m
kg
Tank
18 kg 0.18 m 1700 m 9.8 m/s2 15 m 15 m/s 0° 26.16 m
shell
Golf ball 0.05 kg 0.04 m 1700 m 9.8 m/s2 15 m 15 m/s 0° 25.46 m

Baseball 0.15 kg 0.07 m 1700 m 9.8 m/s2 15 m 15 m/s 0° 25.14 m

Pumpkin 5 kg 0.37 m 1700 m 9.8 m/s2 15 m 15 m/s 0° 24.68 m

Human 70 kg 0.5 m 1700 m 9.8 m/s2 15 m 15 m/s 0° 26.03 m

Piano 400 kg 2.2 m 1700 m 9.8 m/s2 15 m 15 m/s 0° 24.86 m

2000
Car 2.0 m 1700 m 9.8 m/s2 15m 15 m/s 0° 26.13 m
kg

RUBRIC FOR DATA AND RESULTS (x3)

5 All information needed in the data table is accurate and properly presented.
One (1) to two (2) sets of information needed in the data table are not accurate and/or
4
missing.
Three (3) to four (4) sets of information needed in the data table are not accurate and/or
3
missing.
2 Five (5) sets of information needed in the data table are not accurate and/or missing.
More than five (5) sets of information needed in the data table are not accurate and/or
1
missing.
0 There are no data placed in the data tables.

V. Data Analysis
1) Refer to table 1 of Data and Results. What happens to the range of the projectile
as vertical position increases? Why does this happen?

As the vertical position of a projectile increases, the distance covered by

the object also increases. This is because when an object is thrown or launched
from a higher altitude, it remains in the air longer due to the greater height it has
to descend. Consequently, the increased time in the air allows it to cover a
greater horizontal distance, resulting in a farther range compared to an object
launched from a lower height.
 2) Refer to table 2 of Data and Results. What happens to the range of the projectile
as the initial velocity increases? Why does this happen?

As the initial velocity of a projectile increases, its range also increases. This
is because a higher initial speed means the object covers more ground in a
given amount of time. The increased speed enables the projectile to travel faster
through the air, extending the distance it can cover before it hits the ground.

3) Refer to table 3 of Data and Results.

a) What is the effect of the object’s mass and diameter on the range of the
projectile? Why does this happen?

Based on the table, despite the differences in the objects' mass and
diameter, there is only a small difference in the range of the projectiles. Some
heavier objects have larger diameters, while lighter objects have smaller
diameters. This balance between mass and diameter results in an almost similar
range for the projectiles.

The heavier objects, though larger in diameter and experiencing more air
resistance, have greater momentum, which helps them maintain their velocity.
On the other hand, the lighter objects, though smaller in diameter and
experiencing less air resistance, have less momentum. This interaction between
mass, which increases momentum, and diameter, which increases air resistance,
leads to the observed small differences in range.

b) What is the effect of air resistance on the range of the projectile with different
masses and diameters? Why does this happen?

Air resistance affects the range of the projectiles by reducing their

velocity, depending on the object’s mass and diameter. Lighter objects
experience more air resistance due to their lower momentum. However, objects
with smaller diameters suffer less from air resistance due to the smaller surface
area affected by it. Meanwhile, heavier objects experience less air resistance
due to higher momentum. However, their larger diameter makes them suffer
more from air resistance due to the larger surface area affected by it.

This interaction among the three components of an object is the reason

why they are almost the same in range. The given mass and diameter, as well as
the air resistance balance each other out.

V. Conclusion (x2)

In conclusion, the range of a projectile is influenced by a combination of

its vertical launch position, initial velocity, mass, diameter, and air resistance. A
higher vertical position extends the projectile's time in the air, resulting in a
 greater range. Increasing the initial velocity also increases the range by
allowing the projectile to travel faster and cover more distance before falling
to the ground. On the other hand, despite the differences in mass and
diameter, the range differences remain minimal due to a balance between
momentum and air resistance. Heavier objects with larger diameters
experience greater air resistance but have higher momentum, while lighter
objects with smaller diameters face less air resistance but have lower
momentum. This interaction is the reason why the range of projectiles remains
relatively consistent across different masses and diameters, as these factors
counterbalance each other.

RUBRIC FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
The answer is very The answer is somewhat The answer is fairly acceptable. The stated answer
accurate. Most important accurate. Some important sets Many important sets of does not satisfy the
CONTENT (2x)
sets of information were of information were not information were not included. given situation.
included. included.
The laboratory report is
PUNCTUALITY submitted on the
scheduled date.