User’s Guide

Publication Number 01131-97004

May 2004

For Safety and Regulatory information, see the pages at the back of this book.

 Copyright Agilent Technologies 2002-2004

All Rights Reserved.

1131A 3.5 GHz InfiniiMax Differential

and Single-ended Probes
In This Book

This book provides user and service documentation for the Agilent Technologies 1131A
differential and single-ended probes. It is divided into two chapters.
Chapter 1 provides an overview of the recommended configurations and capacitance values of
the probe; shows you how to use the convenience accessories with the probe; and provides the
frequency, impedance, and time response for the recommended configurations of the probe.
Chapter 2 provides service and performance verification information for the probe.
At the back of the book you will find Safety information and Regulatory information.

ii
 Contents

1 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations

Introduction 1-2
Convenience Accessories 1-3
Using the Velcro strips and dots 1-3
Using the ergonomic handle 1-4
Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies 1-6
Recommended Configurations Overview 1-9
1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors) 1-9
2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors) 1-10
3 Differential Browser Probe Head 1-11
4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors) 1-12
5 Single-ended Browser Probe Head 1-13
6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (medium bandwidth resistor) 1-14
7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (medium bandwidth resistor) 1-15
8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with 1damped wire accessory 1-16
Recommended configurations at a glance 1-17
1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth) 1-19
2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth) 1-22
3 Differential Browser 1-25
4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Full Bandwidth) 1-28
5 Single-ended Browser 1-31
6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth) 1-34
7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth) 1-37
8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with Damped Wire Accessory 1-40

2 Service
Service Strategy for the 1131A Probe 2-3
To return the probe to Agilent Technologies for service 2-4
Troubleshooting 2-5
Failure Symptoms 2-6
Probe Calibration Fails 2-6
Incorrect Pulse Response (flatness) 2-6
Incorrect Input Resistance 2-6
Incorrect Offset 2-6
Calibration Testing Procedures 2-7
To Test Bandwidth 2-8
Initial Setup 2-8

Contents-1
Contents

Using the 8720ES VNA successfully 2-8

Calibrating a Reference Plane 2-9
Measuring Vin Response 2-14
Measuring Vout Response 2-15
Displaying Vin/Vout Response on 8720ES VNA Screen 2-15
Performance Test Record 2-17
Replaceable Parts and Accessories 2-18

Contents–2
1

Differential and Single-ended Probe

Configurations
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Introduction

Introduction
The 1131A InfiniiMax Active Probing System allows probing of differential and single-ended
signals to a bandwidth of over 3.5 GHz with excellent common mode rejection. Additionally,
Agilent’s resistor-at-the-tip technology (introduced in the 115X probe family) provides high
fidelity and low input loading. This system uses interchangeable probe heads to optimize the
performance and usability of three connection types: hand browsing, solder-in and plug-on
socket. Differential probe heads offer easy measurement of differential signals and greatly
improve the measurement of single-ended signals. Single-ended probe heads offer extremely
small size for probing single-ended signals in confined spaces with some reduction in
performance. The probe heads provided for this system are:
• Differential Hand-held Browser (or for probe holders) allows temporary connection to points
in a system. This probe head provides the highest performance hand-held browser for
measuring differential and single-ended signals while maintaining excellent usability due to
the adjustable tip spacing and full z-axis compliance.
• Differential Solder-In Probe Head allows a soldered connection into a system for a reliable,
hands-free connection. This probe head provides full bandwidth performance with the lowest
input loading for probing differential and single-ended signals. At the tip it uses a miniature
axial lead resistor with 8 mil diameter leads which allows connection to very small, fine pitch
targets.
• Differential Socket-Tip Probe Head provides sockets that accept 20 mil diameter pins with
100 mil spacing. The intended application for this probe head is to insert two of the supplied
20 mil diameter lead resistors into the sockets and then solder the resistors into the target
system. This allows a removable, hands-free connection that provides full bandwidth with a
minor increase in capacitance over the solder-in probe head for probing differential and
single-ended signals. Additionally, 3.6 cm resistor tip wire accessories are provided for high
fidelity lower bandwidth probing of signals with very wide spacing. It is recommended that a
25 mil diameter plated through hole on the board for mounting the lead resistors.
• Single-ended Hand-held Browser (or for probe holders) allows temporary connection to points
in a system for single-ended signals only. This browser has lower bandwidth than the
differential browser, but is very small which allows probing in tight areas.
• Single-ended Solder-In Probe Head allows a soldered connection for a reliable hands-free
connection to single-ended only. This probe head has lower bandwidth than the differential
solder-in probe head, but is extremely small which allows probing in tight areas or probing
several signals located close together.
The E2669A Differential Connectivity Kit includes the differential browser, solder-in, and
socket-tip probe heads. Also included is an Ergonomic Handle for the browser along with other
accessories. This allows full bandwidth probing of differential and single-ended signals.
The E2668A Single-ended Connectivity Kit includes the single-ended browser and solder-in
probe heads as well as the differential socket-tip probe head. A single-ended socket-tip probe
head was not developed since it did not offer a significant size advantage. Also included is an
Ergonomic Handle for the browser along with other accessories.
In order to take the guesswork out of how to connect your probe, the Detailed Information for
Recommended Configurations section shows the various probe heads along with their
performance information. This allows you to quickly make the measurements you need with
confidence in the performance and signal fidelity. Using the recommended connection
configurations is your key to making accurate oscilloscope measurements with known
performance levels.

1–2
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Convenience Accessories

Convenience Accessories
Using the Velcro strips and dots
The Velcro strips and dots can be used to secure the probe amp to a circuit board removing the
weight of the probe from the circuit connection. This is done by using the following steps.
1 Wrap the Velcro strip around the probe amp body.
2 Attach a Velcro dot to the circuit board.
3 Attach the Velcro strip to the Velcro dot.

Figure 1-1

Using the Velcro dots and strips.

1–3
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Convenience Accessories

Using the ergonomic handle

Because of their small size, it can be difficult to hold the single-ended or the differential browsers
for extended periods of time. The ergonomic handle can be used to more comfortably hold the
browser. The following pictures show how to mount the browser in the ergonomic handle.

Figure 1-2

1–4
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Convenience Accessories

The following pictures show how to remove the browser from the ergonomic handle.

Figure 1-3

1–5
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies

Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies

The following table shows the slew rates for several different technologies. The maximum allowed input slew rate is 18 V/ns for
single-ended signals and 30 V/ns for differential signals. Table 1-1 shows that the maximum required slew rate for the different
technologies is much less that of the probe.

Table 1-1

Slew Rate Requirements

Name of Technology Differential Max Max Driver Min Max Transmitter

Signal Single-Ended Differential Edge Rate Level (Diff V)
Slew Rate 1 Slew Rate 2 (20%-80% ps)
(V/ns) (V/ns)
PCI Express (3GIO) YES 9.6 19.2 50 1.6
RapidIO Serial 3.125Gb YES 8.0 16.0 60 1.6
10GbE XAUI (4x3.125Gb) YES 8.0 16.0 60 1.6
1394b YES 8.0 16.0 60 1.6
Fibre Channel 2125 YES 8.0 16.0 75 1
Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base-CX YES 7.8 15.5 85 2.2
RapidIO 8/16 2Gb YES 7.2 14.4 50 1.2
Infiniband 2.5Gb YES 4.8 9.6 100 1.6
HyperTransport 1.6Gb YES 4.0 8.0 113 1.5
SATA (1.5Gb) YES 1.3 2.7 134 0.6
USB 2.0 YES 0.9 1.8 375 1.1
DDR 200/266/333 NO 7.2 n/a 300 3.6
PCI NO 4.3 n/a 500 3.6
AGP-8X NO 3.1 n/a 137 0.7

1 The probe specification is 18 V/ns

2 The probe specification is 30 V/ns

1–6
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies

Figure 1-4

Slew Rates of Popular Technologies Com pared to Maxim um Probe Slew Rates

30.0 Maximum Probe Differential Slew Rate (30 V/nS)

25.0
Edge Slew Rates (V/nS) +

20.0

Differential Slew Rates

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
b
)

b
5
b)

0
IO

b)
b
G

2G
12

-C

5G

2.
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94
5G
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+
Maximum Edge Amplitude × 0.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum 20% to 80% Rise Time

1–7
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies

Figure 1-5
Slew Rates of Popular Technologies Compared to Maximum Probe Slew Rates
20.0
Maximum Probe Single-ended Slew Rate (18 V/nS)
18.0

16.0

14.0
Edge Slew Rates (V/nS) +

12.0
Single-ended Slew Rates
10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
* * * * * * * * * * *
b

5
b

I
X

0
b)

b)

8X
)

PC
IO

94

12

2G

5G

2.

33
-C
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P-
25

.6
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SB
.5
se

2.
16

t1
(3

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* Measurement of one side of

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differential signal
PC

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Popular Technologies

+
Maximum Edge Amplitude × 0.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum 20% to 80% Rise Time

1–8
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview

Recommended Configurations Overview

The recommended configurations are designed to give the best probe performance for different
probing situations. The probe configurations are shown in the order of the best performance to
the least performance.

1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors)

This configuration has a bandwidth of greater than 3.5 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-19). The configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2677A — Solder-in Differential Probe Head
• 01131-81510 — 91 Ω mini-axial lead resistors (2 each)
The 01131-81510 resistor has been trimmed and formed as per template 01131-94311.

Figure 1-6

1–9
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview

2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors)

This configuration has a bandwidth of approximately equal to 3.5 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-22). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2678A — Socketed Differential Probe Head
• 01130-81506 — 82 Ω axial lead resistors (2 each)
The 01130-81506 resistor has been trimmed and formed as per template 01131-94309.

Figure 1-7

1–10
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview

3 Differential Browser Probe Head

This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 3.5 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-25). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2675A — Differential Browser Probe Head
• 01131-62102 — 91 Ω resistor probe tips (2 each)

Figure 1-8

1–11
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview

4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors)

This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 3.5 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-28). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2679A — Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head
• 01131-81510 — 91 Ω mini-axial lead resistor
• 01131-81504 — 0 Ω mini-axial lead resistor
The 01131-81510 and 01131-81504 resistors have been trimmed and formed as per template
01131-94311.

Figure 1-9

1–12
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview

5 Single-ended Browser Probe Head

This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 3.5 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-31). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2676A — Single-ended Browser Probe Head
• 01131-62102 — 91 Ω resistor probe tip
• 01130-60005 — Ground collar assembly

Figure 1-10

1–13
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview

6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (medium bandwidth resistor)

This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 2.9 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-34). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2677A — Solder-in Differential Probe Head
• 01131-81506 — 150 Ω mini-axial lead resistors (2 each)
The 01131-81506 resistor has been trimmed and formed as per template 01131-94308.

Figure 1-11

1–14
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview

7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (medium bandwidth resistor)

This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 2.2 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-37). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2679A — Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head
• 01131-81506 — 150 Ω mini-axial lead resistor
• 01131-81504 — 0 Ω mini-axial lead resistor
The 01131-81506 and 01131-81504 resistors have been trimmed and formed as per template
01131-94308.

Figure 1-12

1–15
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview

8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with 1damped wire accessory

This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 1.2 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-40). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2678A — Socketed Differential Probe Head
• 01130-21302 — 160 Ω damped wire accessory (2 each)

Figure 1-13

1–16
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended configurations at a glance

Recommended configurations at a glance

Table 1-2
Probe Head Configurations Band Cdiff 1 Cse 2 Starting Usage
width (pF) (pF) Page of
(GHz) Performance
Graphs
1 Solder-in differential > 3.5 0.27 0.44 1-19 • Differential and Single-ended signals
(full bandwidth resistors) • Solder-in hands free connection
• Hard to reach targets
• Very small fine pitch targets
• Characterization
2 Socketed differential ~ 3.5 0.34 0.56 1-22 • Differential and Single-ended signals
• Removable connection using solder-in
resistor pins
• Hard to reach targets
3 Differential browser ~ 3.5 0.32 0.57 1-25 • Differential and Single-ended signals
• Hand-held browsing
• Probe holders
• General purpose troubleshooting
• Ergonomic handle available
4 Solder-in single-ended ~ 3.5 N/A 0.50 1-28 • Single-ended signals only
(full bandwidth resistors) • Solder-in hands free connection when
physical size is critical
• Hard to reach targets
• Very small fine pitch targets
5 Single-ended browser ~ 3.5 N/A 0.65 1-31 • Single-ended signals only
• Hand or probe holder where physical size is
critical
• General purpose troubleshooting
• Ergonomic handle available
6 Solder-in differential ~ 2.9 0.33 0.52 1-34 • Differential and Single-ended signals
(medium bandwidth resistors) • Solder-in hands free connection
• Larger span and reach than #1
• Very small fine pitch targets
7 Solder-in single-ended ~ 2.2 N/A 0.58 1-37 • Single-ended signals only
(medium bandwidth resistors) • Solder-in hands free connection when
physical size is critical
• Larger span and reach than #4
• Hard to reach targets
• Very small fine pitch targets
8 Socketed differential with ~ 1.2 0.63 0.95 1-40 • Differential and Single-ended signals
damped wire accessories • For very wide spaced targets
• Connection to 25 mil square pins when used
with supplied sockets
1
Capacitance seen by differential signals
2 Capacitance seen by single-ended signals

1–17
Detailed Information for Recommended Configurations

This section contains graphs of the performance characteristics of the 1131A active
probe using the different probe heads that come with the E2668A single-ended and
E2669A differential connectivity kits.
All rise times shown are measured from the 10 % to the 90 % amplitude levels.

1–18
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

Figure 1-1
0.2
Vsource
tr = 207 ps
0.15

0.1 Vin
tr = 220 ps
Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) -9
x 10

Graph of 25 Ω 200 ps step generator with and without probe connected.

Figure 1-2
0.2
Vin
tr = 220 ps

0.15

0.1 Vout
tr = 236 ps
Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) -9
x 10

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω 200 ps step generator.

1–19
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

Figure 1-3
6

3
Vout/Vin

dB 0 Vin

-3
Vout

-6

-9

-12
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω source and Vout/Vin frequency response.

Figure 1-4
0

-10

-20

dB -30

-40

-50

-60
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vout/Vin frequency response when inputs driven in common (common mode rejection).

1–20
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

Figure 1-5
5
10
50 kΩ
Differential Mode Input
Single-ended Mode Input
25 kΩ 0.27 pF
4
10
Zmin = 272.8 Ω

0.44 pF
Ω 3
10

Zmin = 201.8 Ω
2
10

1
10
6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Magnitude plot of probe input impedance versus frequency.

1–21
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

Figure 1-6
0.2

Vsource
tr = 207 ps
0.15

0.1
Vin
Volts
tr = 225 ps
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) x 10
-9

Graph of 25 Ω 200 ps step generator with and without probe connected.

Figure 1-7
0.2
Vin
tr = 225 ps
0.15

0.1
Vout
Volts tr = 247 ps
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) x 10
-9

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω 200 ps step generator.

1–22
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

Figure 1-8
6

Vout/Vin
dB 0 Vin

-3

Vout
-6

-9

-12
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)
Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω source and Vout/Vin frequency response.

Figure 1-9
0

-10

-20

dB -30

-40

-50

-60
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vout/Vin frequency response when inputs driven in common (common mode rejection).

1–23
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

Figure 1-10
5
10
50 kΩ
Differential Mode Input
Single-ended Mode Input
25 kΩ
4 0.34 pF Zmin = 234.9 Ω
10

Ω 3
0.56 pF
10

Zmin = 174.6 Ω
2
10

1
10
6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Magnitude plot of probe input impedance versus frequency.

1–24
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
3 Differential Browser

3 Differential Browser

Figure 1-11

0.2
Vsource
tr = 208 ps
0.15

0.1
Vin
Volts tr = 224 ps

0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) x 10
-9

Graph of 25 Ω 200 ps step generator with and without probe connected.

Figure 1-12
0.2
Vin
tr = 219 ps

0.15

Vout
tr = 224 ps
0.1

Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) -9
x 10

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω 200 ps step generator.

1–25
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
3 Differential Browser

Figure 1-13
6

Vout/Vin
3

dB 0 Vin

-3
Vout

-6

-9

-12
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)
Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω source and Vout/Vin frequency response.

Figure 1-14

-10

-20

dB -30

-40

-50

-60
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)
Graph of Vout/Vin frequency response when inputs driven in common (common mode rejection).

1–26
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
3 Differential Browser

Figure 1-15
5
10
50 kΩ
Differential Mode Input
Single-ended Mode Input
25 kΩ 0.32 pF
4
10
Zmin = 229.2 Ω

0.57 pF
Ω 3
10

Zmin = 153.4 Ω
2
10

1
10
6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Magnitude plot of probe input impedance versus frequency.

1–27
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

Figure 1-16
0.2
Vsource
tr= 208 ps
0.15

0.1 Vin
tr = 225 ps
Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) x 10
-9

Graph of 25 Ω 200 ps step generator with and without probe connected.

Figure 1-17
0.2
Vin
tr = 225 ps
0.15

Vout
0.1 tr= 225 ps

Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) x 10
-9

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω 200 ps step generator.

1–28
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

Figure 1-18
6

3
Vout/Vin

dB 0 Vin

-3
Vout

-6

-9

-12
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω source and Vout/Vin frequency response.

Figure 1-19

-10

-20

dB -30

-40

-50

-60
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vout/Vin frequency response when inputs driven in common (common mode rejection).

1–29
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Full Bandwidth)

Figure 1-20
5
10

25 kΩ
4
10

Ω 3 0.50 pF
10

2
Zmin = 142.9 Ω
10

1
10
6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Magnitude plot of probe input impedance versus frequency.

1–30
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
5 Single-ended Browser

5 Single-ended Browser

Figure 1-21
0.2

Vsource
tr = 208 ps
0.15

0.1 Vin
tr = 232 ps
Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) -9
x 10

Graph of 25 Ω 200 ps step generator with and without probe connected.

Figure 1-22
0.2
Vin
tr = 232 ps
0.15

Vout
tr = 229 ps
0.1

Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) -9
x 10

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω 200 ps step generator.

1–31
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
5 Single-ended Browser

Figure 1-23
6

3
Vout/Vin

dB 0 Vin

-3
Vout

-6

-9

-12
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω source and Vout/Vin frequency response.

Figure 1-24
0

-10

-20

dB -30

-40

-50

-60
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vout/Vin frequency response when inputs driven in common (common mode rejection).

1–32
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
5 Single-ended Browser

Figure 1-25
5
10

25 kΩ
4
10

Ω 3 0.65 pF
10

10
2 Zmin = 120 Ω

1
10
6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Magnitude plot of probe input impedance versus frequency.

1–33
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth)

6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth)

Figure 1-26
0.2
Vsource
tr = 208 ps

0.15

Vin
0.1
tr = 223 ps
Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) x 10
-9

Graph of 25 Ω 200 ps step generator with and without probe connected.

Figure 1-27
0.2
Vin
tr = 223 ps

0.15

0.1
Vin
Volts tr = 287 ps

0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) x 10
-9

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω 200 ps step generator.

1–34
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth)

Figure 1-28
6

dB 0 Vin
Vout/Vin
-3

Vout
-6

-9

-12
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω source and Vout/Vin frequency response.

Figure 1-29
0

-10

-20

dB -30

-40

-50

-60
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vout/Vin frequency response when inputs driven in common (common mode rejection).

1–35
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth)

Figure 1-30
5
10
50 kΩ
Differential Mode Input
Single-ended Mode Input
25 kΩ 0.33 pF
4
10
Zmin = 343.3 Ω

0.52 pF
Ω 3
10

Zmin = 251.6 Ω

2
10

1
10
6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)
Magnitude plot of probe input impedance versus frequency.

1–36
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth)

7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth)

Figure 1-31
0.2
Vsource
tr = 208 ps
0.15

0.1 Vin
tr = 229 ps
Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) -9
x 10

Graph of 25 Ω 200 ps step generator with and without probe connected.

Figure 1-32
0.2
Vout
tr = 257 ps

0.15 Vin
tr = 229 ps

0.1

Volts
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) -9
x 10

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω 200 ps step generator.

1–37
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth)

Figure 1-33
6

3
Vout/Vin
0
Vin
dB

-3 Vout

-6

-9

-12
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω source and Vout/Vin frequency response.

Figure 1-34

-10

-20

dB -30

-40

-50

-60
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)
Graph of Vout/Vin frequency response when inputs driven in common (common mode rejection).

1–38
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth)

Figure 1-35
5
10

25 kΩ
4
10

0.58 pF
Ω 3
10

Zmin = 197.6 Ω
2
10

1
10
6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Magnitude plot of probe input impedance versus frequency.

1–39
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with Damped Wire Accessory

8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with Damped Wire Accessory

Due to reflections on the long wire accessories, signals being probed should be limited to ~ ≥240
ps rise time measured at the 10 % and 90 % amplitude levels. This is equivalent to ~ ≤1.5 GHz
bandwidth.

Figure 1-36
0.2

Vsource
tr = 240 ps
0.15

0.1
Vin
Volts
tr = 259 ps
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) x 10
-9

Graph of 25 Ω 240 ps step generator with and without probe connected.

Figure 1-37
0.2
Vin
tr = 258 ps
0.15

0.1
Vout
Volts tr = 354 ps
0.05

-0.05
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (Seconds) x 10
-9

Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω 240 ps step generator.

1–40
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with Damped Wire Accessory

Figure 1-38
6

Vin
dB 0
Vout/Vin
-3

Vout
-6

-9

-12
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)
Graph of Vin and Vout of probe with a 25 Ω source and Vout/Vin frequency response.

Figure 1-39
0

-10

-20

dB -30

-40

-50

-60
8 9
10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Graph of Vout/Vin frequency response when inputs driven in common (common mode rejection).

1–41
 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with Damped Wire Accessory

Figure 1-40
5
10
50 kΩ
Differential Mode Input
Single-ended Mode Input
0.63 pF
25 kΩ
4
10
Zmin = 344.0 Ω

0.95 pF
Ω 3
10

Zmin = 248.9 Ω

2
10

1
10
6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

Magnitude plot of probe input impedance versus frequency.

1–42
2

Service
 Service

The service section of this manual contains the following information:

• Service Strategy for the 1131A probe
• Cleaning the 1131A probe
• Returning the 1131A probe to Agilent Technologies for service
• Recommended tools and test equipment
• Calibration Testing Procedures
• To Test Bandwidth
• Performance test record
• Replaceable parts and accessories

2–2
 Service
Service Strategy for the 1131A Probe

Service Strategy for the 1131A Probe

This chapter provides service information for the 1131A family of Active and Differential Probes.
The following sections are included in this chapter.
• Service strategy
• Returning to Agilent Technologies for service
• Troubleshooting
• Failure symptoms
The 1131A Active Probe is a high frequency device with many critical relationships between
parts. For example, the frequency response of the amplifier on the hybrid is trimmed to match
the output coaxial cable. As a result, to return the probe to optimum performance requires
factory repair. If the probe is under warranty, normal warranty services apply.
There is one warranted specification which is listed below.

Table 2-1
Description Specification Further Information
Bandwidth 3.5 GHz
You may perform the tests in the "Calibration and Operational Verification Tests" later in this
chapter to ensure these specifications are met.
If the probe is found to be defective we recommend sending it to an authorized service center
for all repair and calibration needs. Please see the "Returning to Agilent Technologies for Service"
section later in this chapter.

2–3
 Service
To return the probe to Agilent Technologies for service

To return the probe to Agilent Technologies for service

Follow the following steps before shipping the 1131A back to Agilent Technologies for service.
1 Contact your nearest Agilent sales office for information on obtaining an RMA number
and return address.
2 Write the following information on a tag and attach it to the malfunctioning equipment.
Name and address of owner
Product model number Example 1131A
Product Serial Number Example MYXXXXXXXX
Description of failure or service required
Include probing and browsing tips if you feelthe probe is not meeting performance specifications or a
yearly calibration is requested.

3 Protect the 1131A Probe by wrapping in plastic or heavy paper.

4 Pack the 1131A Probe in the original carrying case or if not available use bubble wrap
or packing peanuts.
5 Place securely in sealed shipping container and mark container as "FRAGILE".
If any correspondence is required, refer to the product by serial number and model number.

2–4
 Service
Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting
• If your probe is under warranty and requires repair, return it to Agilent Technologies. Contact
your nearest Agilent Technologies Service Center.
• If the failed probe is not under warranty, you may exchange it for a reconditioned probe. See
"To Prepare the Probe for Exchange" in this chapter.

2–5
 Service
Failure Symptoms

Failure Symptoms
The following symptoms may indicate a problem with the probe or the way it is used. Possible
remedies and repair strategies are included.
The most important troubleshooting technique is to try different combinations of equipment so
you can isolate the problem to a specific probe.

Probe Calibration Fails

Probe calibration failure with an oscilloscope is usually caused by improper setup. If the
calibration will not pass, check the following:
• Check that the probe passes a waveform with the correct amplitude.
• If the probe is powered by the oscilloscope, check that the offset is approximately correct. The
probe calibration cannot correct major failures.
• Be sure the oscilloscope passes calibration without the probe.

Incorrect Pulse Response (flatness)

If the probe's pulse response shows a top that is not flat, check for the following:
• Output of probe must be terminated into a proper 50 Ω termination. If you are using the probe
with an Infiniium oscilloscope, this should not be a problem. If you are using the probe with
other test gear, insure the probe is terminated into a low reflectivity 50 Ω load (~ ± 2%).
• If the coax or coaxes of the probe head in use has excessive damage, then reflections may be
seen within ~ 1 ns of the input edge. If you suspect a probe head, swap it with another probe
head and see if the non-flatness problem is fixed.
• If the one of the components in the tip have been damaged there may be a frequency gain
non-flatness at around 40 MHz. If you suspect a probe head, swap it with another probe head
and see if the non-flatness problem is fixed.

Incorrect Input Resistance

The input resistance is determined by the probe head in use. If the probe head is defective,
damaged, or has been exposed to excessive voltage, the input resistor may be damaged. If this
is the case, the probe head is no longer useful. A new probe head will need to be obtained either
through purchase or warranty return.

Incorrect Offset
Assuming the probe head in use is properly functioning, incorrect offset may be caused by defect
or damage to the probe amplifier or by lack of probe calibration with the oscilloscope.

2–6
 Service
Calibration Testing Procedures

Calibration Testing Procedures

These tests can be performed to ensure the 1131A Probe meets specifications.
Some tests require the probe to be calibrated on an Infiniium oscilloscope channel before testing
performance.

2–7
 Service
To Test Bandwidth

To Test Bandwidth
This test ensures that the 1131A Probe meets its specified bandwidth.
1131A >3.5 GHz

Table 2-2
Equipment/Tool Critical Specification Model Number
Vector Network Analyzer 3.5 GHz sweep range full 2 port cal Option 1D5 Agilent 8720ES
(VNA)
Calibration Standards No Substitute Agilent 85052D
External Power Supply No Substitute Agilent 1143A
AutoProbe Interface Adapter No Substitute Agilent N1022A
Outside thread 3.5 mm (male) No Substitute Agilent 5062-1247
to 3.5 mm (female) adapter
Cable (2) 3.5 mil; SMA; High Quality Agilent 8120-4948
Cable 1.5 mil Probe Power Extension No Substitute Agilent 01143-61602
PV/DS Test Board No Substitute (In E2655A Kit) Agilent E2655-66501

Using the 8720ES VNA successfully

Remember these simple guidelines when working with the 8720ES VAN to get accurate stable
measurements.
1 Sometimes it may take a few seconds for the waveforms to settle completely. Please allow time for
waveforms to settle before continuing.
2 Make sure all connections are tight and secure. If needed, use a vice to hold the cables and test board
stable while making measurements.
3 Be careful not to cross thread or force any connectors. This could be a very costly error to correct.

Initial Setup
1 Turn on the 8720ES VNA and let warm up for 20 minutes.
2 Press the green "Preset" key on the 8720ES VNA.
3 Use the 8720ES VNA's default power setting of 0 dBm. You can locate this feature by
pressing the "Power" key on the front panel.
4 Set the 8720ES VNA's averaging to 4. You can find this selection menu by pressing the
"AVG" key. Then select the "Averaging Factor" screen key to adjust the averaging.
5 Press the "Sweep Setup" key on the 8720ES VNA. Then press the "sweep type menu"
screen key. Select the "log freq" screen key.
6 Connect the 1131A probe under test to the Auto Probe Adapter and power the probe
using the 1143A power supply. Install the outside thread adapter to the Auto Probe
Adapter.

2–8
 Service
To Test Bandwidth

Figure 2-1

Calibrating a Reference Plane

To get a reliable measurement from the 8720ES VNA we must calibrate a reference plane so that the
8720ES VNA knows where the probe under test is located along the transmission line.

2–9
 Service
To Test Bandwidth

1 Press the "Cal" key on the 8720ES VNA.

8120-4948

E2655-66501

Reference
Plane

2 Then Press the "cal menu" screen key.

3 Finally, press the "full 2 port" screen key.
4 Connect one of the high quality SMA cables to port one and to the pincher side of PV/
DS test board.
5 The calibration reference plane is at the other end of PV/DS test board.

2–10
 Service
To Test Bandwidth

Figure 2-2

8120-4948

E2655-66501

Reference
Plane

6 Perform Calibration for the port one side of the Reference plane.
• Press the "reflection" screen key
• Connect open end of 85052D to the non-pincher side of the PV/DS test board.
• Select the "open" screen key under the "Forward" group.
• The 8720ES VAN will beep when done.
• Connect short end of 85052D to the non-pincher side of the PV/DS test board.
• Select "short" screen key under the "Forward" group.
• The 8720ES VAN will beep when done.
• Connect load end of 85052D to the non-pincher side of the PV/DS test board.
• Select the "loads" screen key under the "Forward" group.
• Press "broadband" screen key selection.
• The 8720ES VAN will beep when done.
• Press the "done loads" screen key.
• You have just calibrated one side of the reference plane.
7 Connect the other high quality SMA cable to port two of the 8720ES VNA.

2–11
 Service
To Test Bandwidth

Figure 2-3

8120-4948

Reference
Plane

8 Get the opposite sex of the 85052D calibration standards for the next step.
9 Perform Calibration for the port two side of the Reference plane.
• Press the "reflection" screen key.
• Connect open end of 85052D to the available end of the port two SMA cable.
• Selec8720ES t the "open" screen key under the "Reverse" group.
• The 8720ES VNA will beep when done.
• Connect short end of 85052D to the available end of the port two SMA cable.
• Select "short" screen key the "Reverse" group.
• The 8720ES VNA will beep when done.
• Connect load end of 85052D to the available end of the port two SMA cable.
• Select the "loads" screen key the "Reverse" group.
• Press "broadband" screen key selection.
• The 8720ES VNA will beep when done.
• Press the "done loads" screen key.
• You have just calibrated the other side of the reference plane.
10 Press "standards done" key.
11 Connect port two SMA cable to the non-pincher side of PV/DS test board.

2–12
 Service
To Test Bandwidth

Figure 2-4

8120-4948
8120-4948

E2655-66501

Reference
Plane

12 Press the "transmission" screen key.

13 Press the "do both fwd and reverse" screen key.
14 The 8720ES VNA will beep four times when done.
15 Press the "isolation" screen key.
16 Press the "omit isolation" screen key.
17 Press "done 2 port cal" screen key.
18 Set the 8720ES VNA's averaging to off.
19 Save the reference plane cal by pressing the "save recall" key then the "save state" key.
20 You may change name if you wish.
21 Press the "scale reference" key. Then
Set for 1 dB per division.
Set reference position for 7 divisions.
Set reference value for 0 dB
22 Press the "measure" key.
23 Press the "s21" screen key.
24 Ensure s21 response on screen is flat (about ± 0.1 dB) out to 10 GHz.

2–13
 Service
To Test Bandwidth

Measuring Vin Response

1 Position 1131A probe conveniently to make quality connections on the PV/DS board.
2 Ensure resistors at the probe tip are reasonably straight and about 0.1 inches apart.
3 Connect probe tip under pincher on PV/DS board
Apply upward pressure to the clip to insure proper electrical connection.

Place the "+" side on center conductor and "-" side to ground.
Press the "Sweep Setup" key on the 8720ES VNA. Then press the "trigger menu" screen
key. Select the "continuous" screen key.
4 You should now have the Vin waveform on screen. It should look simular to Figure 2-5.

Figure 2-5

5 Select "display key" then "data->memory" screen key.

6 You have now saved Vin waveform into the 8720ES VNA's memory for future use.

2–14
 Service
To Test Bandwidth

Measuring Vout Response

1 Disconnect the port 2 cable from PV/DS test board and attach to probe output on the
AutoProbe Adapter.
2 Connect the 85052D cal standard load to PV/DS test board (non-pincher side).
3 Press "scale reference" key on the 8720ES VNA.
4 Set reference value to -20 dB.
5 The display on screen is Vout. It should look simular to Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6

Displaying Vin/Vout Response on 8720ES VNA Screen

1 Press the "Display" Key.
2 Then select the "Data/Memory" Screen Key. The display should look similar to
Figure 2-7.
3 Press marker key and position the marker to the first point that the signal is below -3 dB.
4 Read marker frequency measurement and record it in the test record located later in
this chapter.
5 The bandwidth test passes if the frequency measurement is greater that the probe's
bandwidth limit. Example: > 3.5 GHz.

2–15
 Service
To Test Bandwidth

Figure 2-7

2–16
 Service
Performance Test Record

Performance Test Record

Test Name Results
Bandwidth >3.5 GHz

Result _______ GHz Pass/Fail

2–17
Service
Replaceable Parts and Accessories

Replaceable Parts and Accessories

See the "User’s Quick Start Guide" for a list of replaceable parts and
accessories.

2–18
 Index

B
bandwidth test 2-8

C
calibration
failure 2-6
calibration procedure 2-7
cleaning the instrument 3

F
failure symptoms 2-6

I
instrument, cleaning the 3

P
packing for return 2-4
parts
replaceable 2-18

R
repair 2-4
replacement parts 2-18
returning probe to Agilent Technologies 2-4

S
service
strategy 2-3
specifications
warrantied 2-3

T
test
bandwidth 2-8
troubleshooting 2-5

Index-1
Index-2
Safety ground protection is impaired,
you must make the instrument
Safety Symbols

Notices inoperative and secure it against !

any unintended operation.
• Service instructions are for Instruction manual symbol: the
This apparatus has been trained service personnel. To product is marked with this sym-
designed and tested in accor- avoid dangerous electric shock, bol when it is necessary for you
dance with IEC Publication 1010, do not perform any service to refer to the instruction man-
Safety Requirements for Mea- unless qualified to do so. Do not ual in order to protect against
suring Apparatus, and has been attempt internal service or damage to the product..
supplied in a safe condition. adjustment unless another per-
This is a Safety Class I instru- son, capable of rendering first
ment (provided with terminal for aid and resuscitation, is present.
protective earthing). Before Hazardous voltage symbol.
• Do not install substitute parts
applying power, verify that the
or perform any unauthorized
correct safety precautions are
modification to the instrument.
taken (see the following warn-
ings). In addition, note the • Capacitors inside the instru-
Earth terminal symbol: Used to
external markings on the instru- ment may retain a charge even if
indicate a circuit common con-
ment that are described under the instrument is disconnected
nected to grounded chassis.
"Safety Symbols." from its source of supply.
• Do not operate the instrument
Warnings in the presence of flammable
• Before turning on the instru- gasses or fumes. Operation of
ment, you must connect the pro- any electrical instrument in such
tective earth terminal of the an environment constitutes a
instrument to the protective con- definite safety hazard.
ductor of the (mains) power
cord. The mains plug shall only • Do not use the instrument in a
be inserted in a socket outlet manner not specified by the
provided with a protective earth manufacturer.
contact. You must not negate
the protective action by using an To clean the instrument
extension cord (power cable) If the instrument requires clean-
without a protective conductor ing: (1) Remove power from the
(grounding). Grounding one instrument. (2) Clean the exter-
conductor of a two-conductor nal surfaces of the instrument
outlet is not sufficient protec- with a soft cloth dampened with
tion. a mixture of mild detergent and
water. (3) Make sure that the
• Only fuses with the required
instrument is completely dry
rated current, voltage, and spec-
before reconnecting it to a
ified type (normal blow, time
power source.
delay, etc.) should be used. Do
not use repaired fuses or short-
circuited fuseholders. To do so
could cause a shock or fire haz-
ard.
• If you energize this instrument
by an auto transformer (for volt-
age reduction or mains isola-
tion), the common terminal must
be connected to the earth termi-
nal of the power source.
• Whenever it is likely that the

Agilent Technologies Inc.

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1900 Garden of the Gods Road
Colorado Springs, CO 80901-2197, U.S.A.
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© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2002-
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2004 attention to an operating
No part of this manual may be Document Warranty procedure, practice, or
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