MJ-2: Foundation of Physics -2 Credits 04 (Full Marks: 75)

MJ-2T: Foundation of Physics -2 Credits 04

Course contents:

UNIT – I: Preliminary Classical Mechanics Credits 02 [30L]

1. Introduction: What is classical mechanics? A brief history of the development of mechanics up to

Newton; Newton’s laws of motion; Some examples of force laws and the corresponding motions;
Newton’s second law to a system of particles; Galilean invariance; path integral of force: Work, Power,
Kinetic and Potential energies, conservative and dissipative force, conservations of linear and angular
momentum, torque etc.; Limitations of Newton’s laws. [5L]

2. Dynamics of a system of particles: Centre of mass (c.m.), calculation of position of c.m. in simple
symmetrical cases; idea of laboratory and centre of mass frames of reference; external force and forces of
interaction between particles; motion of centre of mass under external force; kinetic energy and angular
momentum about centre of mass and laboratory frames; torque-angular momentum relation; potential
energy, conservation of mechanical energy. [5L]

3. Rotating frame of reference: Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces; rotating frames of reference -
Coriolis and centrifugal forces, Coriolis deflection of vertically thrown or falling particles and particles
moving originally in straight lines horizontally. Effect of Coriolis force on nature: sense of rotation of
cyclones. [4L]

4. Motion under central forces: Two-body problem, reduction to one-body problem, reduced mass;
definition and nature (conservative nature, spherically symmetric potential) of central force, features of
motion under central force field, differential equation of orbit; energy expression, simple derivations of
nature of force from equation of orbit and vice versa; motion under inverse square attractive force: polar
equation of conics, dependence of nature of orbits on energy, Kepler’s laws, Newton’s law of gravitation
from Kepler’s law; Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector; nature of orbit under inverse square repulsive force;
equivalent one dimensional motion, stability of orbit. [10L]

5. Scattering: Two-body collision and scattering. [2L]

6. Mechanics of Continuum: Kinematics of Moving Fluids: Idea of compressible and incompressible

fluids, Equation of continuity; streamline and turbulent flow, Reynold’s number, Stokes’ law from
dimensional analysis, Poiseuille’s equation; Euler’s Equation and the special case of fluid statics;Simple
applications (e.g.: Pascal’s law and Archimedes principle); Bernoulli’s Theorem. [6L]

Suggested Readings:

1. Classical Mechanics, N. C. Rana and P. S. Joag, McGraw-Hill Education

2. Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, C. P. Poole, and J. Safko, Pearson Education, India, Third
Edition.
3. Classical Mechanics, A. K. Raychaudhuri, Oxford University Press, 1984
4. An Introduction to Mechanics, D. Kleppner, R. J. Kolenkow, 1973, McGraw- HillEducation
5. Feynman Lectures, Vol. I, R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson Education

VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY, PASCHIM MIDNAPORE, WEST BENGAL

 6. Classical Mechanics and General Properties of Matter. S. N. Maiti and D. P. Raychaudhuri, New
Age International.
7. Introduction to Classical Mechanics, R. G. Takwale and P.S.Puranik, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd.
8. Theory and Problems of Theoretical Mechanics, M. R. Spiegel, Mc Grow Hill Education
9. Classical Mechanics, R.D. Gregory, 2006, Cambridge University Press
10. Introduction to Classical Mechanics with problems and solutions, D. Morin, Cambridge
University Press
11. Mechanics through problems, D. Roy and A. Dasgupta, Techno World, Kolkata, 2022
12. Mechanics, Berkeley Physics, vol.1, C.Kittel, W.Knight, et.al. 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill, Physics
13. Mechanics, Resnick, Halliday and Walker 8/e. 2008, Wiley
14. Analytical Mechanics, G.R. Fowles and G.L. Cassiday, 2005, Cengage Learning
15. Mechanics , K. Symon, 2016, Pearson Education India
16. Classical Mechanics, Kibble and Berkshire, Imperial College Press
17. Classical Mechanics, J.M. Finn, 2010, Laxmi Publications
18. Mechanics, D. S. Mathur, S. Chand and Company Limited, 2000
19. University Physics. F.W. Sears, M.W.Zemansky, H.D Young 13/e, 1986, Addison Wesley
20. Classical Mechanics, J. C.Upadhyay, Himalaya Publishing.
21. Fundamentals of Classical Mechanics, A. B. Gupta, Books & Allied (P) Ltd.

UNIT – II: Basic Electricity & Magnetism Credits 02 [30L]

1. Electric Field and Electric Potential: Electric field, Coulomb’s law, Electric field lines. Electric flux,
Conservative nature of Electrostatic Field, Electrostatic Potential, Potential and Electric Field of a dipole,
Force and Torque on a dipole, Calculation of potential for linear, surface and volume charge distributions
(uniform line charge, disc, spherical shell, sphere etc.),Equipotential surfaces, Gauss’ Law with
applications to charge distributions with spherical, cylindrical and planar symmetry, Laplace’s and
Poisson equations. [8L]

2. Electrostatic energy& Capacitor: Electrostatic energy of system of charges, Electrostatic energy of a

charged sphere, Conductors and dielectrics in an electrostatic Field, Surface charge and force on a
conductor, Capacitance of a system of charged conductors, Parallel-plate capacitor, Capacitance of
spherical and cylindrical capacitors. [4L]

3. Method of Images: Method of Images and its application to a point charge near (a) an earthed plane
infinite sheet, and (b) an earthed spherical conductor. [3L]

4. Dielectric Properties of Matter: Electric Field in matter, Polarization, Polarization Charges, Electrical
Susceptibility and Dielectric Constant, Displacement vector D, Relations between E, P, and D, Gauss’
Law in dielectrics, Boundary conditions for D and E. [3L]

5. Lorentz force: Force on a moving charge in simultaneous electric and magnetic fields, force on a
current carrying conductor in a magnetic field, Trajectory of charged particles in uniform electric field,
crossed uniform electric and magnetic fields, Basic principle of cyclotron. [4L]

6. Magnetic Field: Magnetic force between current elements and definition of Magnetic Field B,
Biot-Savart’s Law and its simple applications: straight wire and circular loop, Current Loop as a magnetic
dipole and its dipole moment (Analogy with Electric Dipole). [3L]
Ampere’s Circuital Law and its application to (a) infinite straight wire, (b) infinite planar surface current,
and (c) solenoid. Properties of B: curl and divergence. Axial vector property of B and its consequences,

VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY, PASCHIM MIDNAPORE, WEST BENGAL

Vector Potential, Magnetic Force on (a) point charge, (b) current carrying wire, (c) between current
elements, Torque on a current loop in a uniform magnetic field. [6L]

7. Magnetic Properties of Matter: Magnetization (M), Magnetic Intensity (H), Magnetic Susceptibility
and permeability, Relation between B, H, M. Ideas (qualitative) of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, and
Ferromagnetism, B-H loop and calculation of hysteresis loss. [3L]

Suggested Readings:

1. Feynman Lectures Vol.2, R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson Education

2. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, 3rd Edn., 1998, Benjamin Cummings
3. Electricity and Magnetism, D. Chattopadhyay and P.C.Rakshit, New Central Book Agency, 2011
4. Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism, B. Ghosh, Books and Allied (P) Ltd., 4th edition,
2015.
5. Electricity, Magnetism and Electromagnetic Theory, S. Mahajan and Choudhury, 2012, Tata
McGrawHill
6. Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986 McGraw-Hill Education
7. Elements of Electromagnetics, M.N.O. Sadiku, 2010, Oxford University Press
8. Classical Electromagnetism, Jerrold Franklin, Pearson Education
9. Electricity and Magnetism, J.H.Fewkes& J.Yarwood. Vol. I, 1991, Oxford Univ. Press
10. Electricity and Magnetism, D. C. Tayal, Himalayan Publisher

VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY, PASCHIM MIDNAPORE, WEST BENGAL

SEC 2: Basic Instrumentation Credits 03

SEC 2P: Basic Instrumentation Full Marks: 50

Course Outline:

1. Basic ideas of measurement: accuracy and precision of data sensitivity and range of resolution of
instruments, uncertainties / errors in measurements and loading effects. [1L + 2P]

2. Resistances: Use of carbon resistances, electronic potentiometers, electrical rheostats, use of

potentiometer in a potential divider circuit. [1L + 2P]

3. Analog and digital voltmeter and ammeter: Basic construction (block diagram), Principles of
voltage and current measurements, ideas of resistances of voltmeters and ammeters in different ranges,
principle of working of digital meters (voltmeters and ammeters), specifications of an electronic meter,
advantages of digital meter over analog meters, ideas on range change of meters. [3L + 7P]

4. Digital multimeter: Block diagram and working principle of a digital multimeter, Measurements of
resistance, current (dc & ac), voltage (dc & ac), inductance, diode and transistor checking. [1L + 3P]

5. Introduction to electrical household wiring:

(a) Concept of basic Electricity: Power rating, Idea on Transformer action, Measurement of Electrical
quantities like Voltage, Currents, Resistance, Impedance, power factor and energy, Familiarisation with
PVC wires with SWG, PVC conduit pipes, sockets and plugs, clips, switches, fuse, holder, ceiling rose,
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB), Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB), Earth Leakage Circuit
Breaker (ELCB), Double Pole (DP) or Single Pole and Neutral Miniature Circuit Board (SPN MCB), DP
Isolator, live line, neutral and earth connections, consequences of faulty earth connection. [2L + 3P]

(b) Circuit connection and wiring: Two-way switching in stairs, bed switch connection, fluorescent /
LED tube circuit, connection from lamp post on road to main distribution board (home), assessment of
total load with circuit, sub-circuits, and components with specifications, connections for refrigerator /
microwave oven, concept of Single phase and three phase circuits. [4L + 8P]

(c) Safety and security: Fires in electrical Circuits & Precautions, Safely handling Tools &Equipment
/Fire Fighting and use of fire extinguishers. [2L + 1P]

(d) One short project: To be submitted on plan and estimation of power, points with circuit connection
in real case. [5P]

VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY, PASCHIM MIDNAPORE, WEST BENGAL

MI-2: Algebra Credits 04 (Full Marks: 75)

MI-2: Algebra Credits 04

Course contents:

UNIT-1:
Polar representation of complex numbers, nth roots of unity, De Moivre’s theorem for rational indices and
its applications.
Theory of equations: Relation between roots and coefficients, transformation of equation, Descartes rule
of signs, cubic and biquadratic equation.
Inequality: The inequality involving AM≥ GM≥ HM, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality.

UNIT-2:
Equivalence relations. Functions, composition of functions, Invertible functions, one to one
correspondence and cardinality of a set. Well-ordering property of positive integers, division algorithm,
divisibility and Euclidean algorithm. Congruence relation between integers. Principles of Mathematical
induction, statement of Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.

UNIT-3:
Systems of linear equations, row reduction and echelon forms, vector equations, the matrix equation
Ax=b, solution sets of linear systems, applications of linear systems, linear independence.

UNIT-4:
Definition of vector space of Rn:, introduction to linear transformations, matrix of a linear transformation,
inverse of a matrix, characterizations of invertible matrices. Subspaces of Rn, dimension of subspaces of
Rn, rank of a matrix, Eigen values, eigen vectors and characteristic equation of a matrix. Cayley-Hamilton
theorem and its use in finding the inverse of a matrix.

Suggested Readings:

1. Titu Andreescu and Dorin Andrica, Complex Numbers from A to Z, Birkhauser, 2006.
2. Edgar G. Goodaire and Michael M. Parmenter, Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory, 3rd
Ed., Pearson Education (Singapore) P. Ltd., Indian Reprint, 2005.
3. David C. Lay, Linear Algebra and its Applications, 3rd Ed., Pearson Education Asia, Indian
Reprint, 2007.
4. K.B. Dutta, Matrix and linear algebra.
5. K. Hoffman, R. Kunze, Linear algebra.
6. W.S. Burnstine and A.W. Panton, Theory of equations.

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Ability Enhancement Course (AEC) - 02

AEC-2T: MIL-01 Credits 02 (Full Marks-50)

Bengali - 1: বাংলা ভাষা – ও অনুবাদ

Course Contents:

িবভাগ –ক
বাংলা ভাষা -
১.
২. বাংলা বানানিবিধ
৩. , , বাংলা সমাজভাষা
৪. বতমান -বাংলার ( , )

িবভাগ –খ
অনুবাদ
১. অনুবাদ (বাংলা ইংেরিজ ও ইংেরিজ বাংলা)

Suggested Readings:
১. Sociolinguistics Pattern -William Lebov
২. Sociolinguistic-R.H. Hudson
৩. ভাষা ও সমাজ-মৃণাল নাথ
৪. সমাজভাষা –রাজীব
৫. Theories of translation- J. Williams

OR

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Suggested Readings:

1. Vasudevan, N. (2006). Essentials of Environmental Science. Narosa Publishing House, New

Delhi.
2. Singh, J. S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S. (2006). Ecology, Environment and Resource Conservation.
Anamaya Publications, New Delhi.
3. Rogers, P.P., Jalal, K.F. and Boyd, J.A. (2008). An Introduction to Sustainable Development.
Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi.

OR

MDC-02T: Digital Technologies Credits 03 (Full Marks-50)

Course contents:

Unit-I: Introduction and Evolution of Digital systems, Role and significance of Digital Technology,
Information & communication technology & tools, Computer system & it’s working, Software and its
types, Operating Systems: types and functions.
Communication systems: Principles, model & transmission media, Computer networks, Internet: concept
and applications, WWW, Web Browsers, search engines, Messaging, e-mail, social networking.

Unit- II: Computer Based Information system: significance and types, e-Commerce & digital marketing:
basic concepts, benefits & challenges.
Digital India & e-Governance: Initiatives, Infrastructure, Services and Empowerment.
Digital financial tools: Unified Payment Interface, Aadhaar enabled payment System, USSD, Credit/Debit
Cards, e-Wallets, Internet banking, NEFT/RTGS and IMPS, Online Bill Payments and PoS, Cyber
Security: Threats, Significance, Challenges, Precautions, safety Measures & Tools,

Unit- III: Emerging Technologies & their applications: Overview of Cloud Computing, Big Data,
Internet of things, Virtual reality, Block chain, robotics, Artificial intelligence, 3D Printing, Future of
digital technologies.

Suggested Readings:

1. Fundamentals of Computers by E Nalagurusamy, ata mcgraw Hill.

2. Data Commination and Networking by Behrouz A. Forouzan, Mcgraw Hill Educaition.
3. Emerging Technologies in Computing: Theory, Practice, and Advances, by P.Kumar, A omar,
and R.Sharmila, 1st Edition, 2021.
4. Essentials of cloud computingby K. Chandrasekharan, CrC press, 2014.
5. Blockchanin: Blueprint for a new economy by M. Swan, O’Reilly Media, 2015
6. Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton, Tata McGraw Hill.

OR

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VAC-02: Disaster Management Credits 04 (Full Marks-50)

Course contents:

Unit -1: Introduction to Disaster: Disaster:

 Concepts and definitions (Disaster, Hazards, Vulnerability, Resilience, Risks).
 Factors & significance, causes, nature, types and magnitude of disasters.
 Parameters of Disaster Risks. Levels of disasters as per national guideline.
 Difference between accidents and Disasters.
 Simple and Complex disasters,
 Brief explanation of some frequently occurring natural disasters in India.

Unit -2: Impacts of disasters:

Impacts of disasters (including social, economic, political, environmental, health, psychosocial, etc.).
Global trends in disasters: urban disasters, pandemics, complex emergencies, Climate change.
Hazards, Response time, frequencies, forewarning, exposure time of different hazards.
Common approaches to study natural and manmade hazards; vulnerability and disasters.

Unit -3: Disaster Management:

Aims of disaster management. Principles and component of disaster management. Dimension of natural
and anthropogenic disaster.

Unit- 4: Consequences of disaster:

Causes and consequences of hazards-physical, economic, cultural. Repercussion of disasters and hazards,
Economic damage. Loss of human and animal life. Destruction of Ecosystem.

Unit -5: Global perspectives:

• Natural disaster - Study of environmental impacts induced by human activity. Causes, impact,
consequences, trends understanding of: Earthquake, volcanisms, cyclones, tsunami, floods, draughts and
famines, landslides and avalanches, heat and cold waves.
• Man-made disasters: Biological disasters, chemical disasters, nuclear disasters, building fire, cold fire,
forest fire, oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestations, industrial pollution, road accidents, rail
accidents, air accidents, sea accidents, oil slicks and spills, out- break of disease and epidemic, building
collapse, rural and urban fire, war and conflicts, over exploitation of natural resources.

Suggested Readings

1. Disaster Management Guidelines, GOI-UND Disaster Risk Program (2009-2012)

2. Damon, P. Copola, (2006) Introduction to International Disaster Management, Butterworth
Heineman.
3. Gupta A.K., Niar S.S and Chatterjee S. (2013) Disaster management and Risk Reduction, Role of
Environmental Knowledge, Narosa Publishing House, Delhi.
4. Murthy D.B.N. (2012) Disaster Management, Deep and Deep Publication PVT. Ltd. New Delhi.
5. Modh S. (2010) Managing Natural Disasters, Mac Millan publishers India LTD.

*****

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