CHAPTER 1 : RELATION AND FUNCTIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. A function : 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 is
(a) injective but not surjective b) surjective but not injective (c) both injective and surjective
(d) neither injective nor surjective
2. Let 𝑅+ denote the set of all non-negative real numbers. Then the function 𝑓: 𝑅+ → 𝑅+
Defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 is
(a)One-One but not Onto (b) Onto but not one-one (c) both one-one and onto
(d) neither one-one nor onto.
3. A function 𝑓: 𝑅+ → 𝑅(𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑅+ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠)
Defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3 is
(a) One-One but not Onto (b) Onto but one-one (c) both one-one and onto

(d)Neither one-one nor onto

4. A relation R defined on set 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥𝜖𝑍 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10} as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 = 𝑦}

is given to be an equivalence relation. The number of equivalence classes is:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 10 (d)11

5. Which of the following statements is not true about equivalence classes 𝐴𝑖 (𝑖 = 1,2, … , 𝑛) formed
by an equivalence relation R defined on a set A?
(a)∪𝑛𝑖=1 𝐴𝑖 = 𝐴 (b) 𝐴𝑖 ∩ 𝐴𝑗 ≠ ∅, 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 (c)𝑥𝜖𝐴𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥𝜖𝐴𝑗 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑖 = 𝐴𝑗

(d) All elements of 𝐴𝑗 are related to each other, for all i.

6. A function f : R→ 𝐴 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 is onto, if A is

(a) (−∞, ∞) (b) (1, ∞) (c) [1, ∞) (d) [−1, ∞)
7. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3, … , 𝑛}, 𝑛 ≥ 2 and B={𝑎, 𝑏} , then the number of surjections from A to B is
(a) 𝑛 𝑃2 (b)2𝑛 − 2 (c)2𝑛 − 1 (d) None of These

8. If 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = {−3, −1,0,1,3}, then number of injections that can be defined from A to B
is
(a) 125 (b) 243 (c) 60 (d) 120
9. If A and B are two sets such that 𝑂(𝐴) = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂(𝐵) = 6, the number of one-one and onto
mapping from A to B is
(a) 120 (b) 720 (c)0 (d) None of These

10. Let 𝐴 = {3,5}. Then number of reflexive relations on set A is

(a) 2 (b)4 (c)0 (d) 8
11. The maximum number of equivalence relations on the set A = {p, q, r} are
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 5
12. Number of relations that can be defined on the set A = {a, b, c, d} is
(a) 24 (b) 44
(c) 16 (d) 216
13. Let 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑐), (𝑎, 𝑏)} be a relation on set 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} then R is
(a) Identity relation (b) Reflexive
(c) Symmetric (d) Equivalence
14. Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3} and define a relation R on A as follows: R = {(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 3), (1, 0), (1, 1),
(2, 2), (3, 0), (3, 3)}. Is R
(a) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
(b) reflexive ,symmetric and transitive
(c) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive ,
(d)reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive
15. The smallest and the largest relations on set A are
(a) Void and Universal relations (b) Void and Identity relations
(c) Identity and Universal relations (d) None of these
16. Which one of the following relations on set of real numbers is an equivalence relation?
(a) 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇔ 𝑎 ≥ 𝑏 (b) 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇔ |𝑎| = |𝑏|
(c) 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇔ 𝑎 > 𝑏 (d) 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇔ 𝑎 < b
𝑥−𝑞
17. If 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {𝑝} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {𝑞} and function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = ,𝑝 ≠ 𝑞 then 𝑓 is
𝑥−𝑝
(a) one-one but not onto (b) onto but not one-one
(c) both one-one and onto (d) neither one-one nor onto
18. Let A = {2,3,4,5,…..17,18}. Let ‘ ≈ ‘ be the equivalence relation on A × A , Cartesian product of A
with itself , defined by (𝑎 , 𝑏) ≈ (c , d) iff 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 . Then , the number of ordered pairs of the
equivalence class of (3 , 2) is
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 2
19. A The maximum number of symmetric relations on the set A = {1, 2, 3,4,5} are
(a) 210 (b) 215
(c) 2 20 (d) none of these
20. The smallest equivalence relation on the set A where A={3,5, 7}
(a){(3,3),(5,5),(7,7),(3,5),(5,3)} (b){(3,3), (5, 5), (7 ,7)}
(c){(3,3),(5,5),(7,7),(3,7),(7,3),(5,3)} (d) none of these
21. Let 𝑓: [2, ∞) → 𝑋 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2, then 𝑓is one-one and onto, if X is equal to
(a) [2,4] (b) (−∞, 2] ( 𝑐) (−∞, 4] (d) [4, ∞)
1
22. Let 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then 𝑓is
(a) one-one (b) onto
(c) bijective (d) f is not defined
23. A function f from the set of natural numbers to the set of integers defined by 𝑓(𝑛) =
𝑛−1
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
{ 2𝑛
− 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
(a) Neither one – one nor onto (b) one – one but not onto
(c) onto but not one – one (d) one – one and onto both
1
24. Let 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 be the function defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = , ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.Then, find the range of𝑓
2−cos 𝑥
 1 1
(a) [ 3 ,1] (b) (3 ,1)
1
(c) (−∞, 3] ∪ [1, ∞) (d) none of these
25. If R is a relation on R (set of all real numbers) defined by 𝑎𝑅𝑏iffR={(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑏 +
√3 ∈ 𝑆 where S is the set of all irrational numbers} then R is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) Transitive (d) none of these
26. Consider f : [ 0, ∞) →R+ given by f (x) = 5x + 6x – 9. Modify, only the co domain of f to make f a
2

bijective function.
(a) [−5, ∞) (b) [−9, ∞)
(c) (−5, ∞) (d) (−9, ∞)
𝑥2 −5
27. If a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 +4 , then 𝑓 is
(a) Neither one – one nor onto (b) one – one but not onto
(c) onto but not one – one (d) a bijection
28. Which of the following is not an equivalence relation on Z
(a) 𝑎𝑅𝑏⇔𝑎 + 𝑏 is an even integer (b) 𝑎𝑅𝑏⇔(𝑎 − 𝑏)is divisible by 5
(c) 𝑎𝑅𝑏⇔𝑎 = 𝑏 (d) 𝑎𝑅𝑏⇔|𝑎 − 𝑏| ≤ 5

ASSERTION AND REASON

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is

followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

1.Assertion: The number of Onto function from a set P containing 5 elements to a set Q containing 2
elements is 30.

Reason: Number of Onto functions from a set containing m elements to a set containing n elements is 𝑛𝑚

2.Let A={1,2,3} be a finite set .

Assertion: The smallest equivalence relation on set A is 𝑅 = {(1,1)(2,2)(3,3)}

Reason: The largest equivalence relation on set A is AXA .

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1. In a school there are two libraries Senior and Junior library namely A and B having following no. of
books :
 Senior library Junior library

Senior Library 𝐴 = { 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑎4 , 𝑎5 } ; 𝑎 indicates a lot of 1000 books

Junior Library 𝐵 = { 𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 , 𝑏4 , 𝑏5 , 𝑏6 } ; 𝑏 indicates a lot of 1000 books

Librarians (Seema an Rajani) want to explore these books for various types of relation and functions

Using the above information answer the following questions :

1) Librarian of Senior Library wants to know no. of reflexive relations defined on her library .
How many such relations are possible ?

2) What are the number of bijective relations from A to B ?

2. Students of a school are taken to a railway museum to learn about railways heritage and its history.

An exhibit in the museum depicted many rail lines on the track near railway station.Let l be the set of all rail lines
on the railway track and R be the relation on L defined by

𝑅 = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑙2 }

On the basis of the above information , answer the following equation:

(i) Find whether the relation R is symmetric or not.

(ii) Find whether the relation R is transitive or not.
(iii) If one of the rail lines on the railway track is represented by the equation 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2, then find the set
of rail lines in R related to it.
Or

(iii) Let S be the relation defined by 𝑆 = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑙2 }. Check whether the relation S is
symmetric and transitive.

Answers: (Relations and Functions)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. d 2. a 3. a 4. d 5. b 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. a 10.b
11.d 12.d 13.b 14.d 15.a 16.b 17.c 18.c 19.b 20.b 21.c
22.d 23.d 24.a 25.a 26.a 27.a 28.d
Assertion and Reason
1.c 2.b
Case Studies Based Questions
1. (i) 220 (ii) 0 2. (i) Yes (ii)Yes (iii) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑐𝜖𝑅 or symmetric but not transitive.