Python Programming
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Classes and Object
• A class is a user-defined blueprint or prototype from which objects are
created.
• Classes provide a means of bundling data and functionality together.
Creating a new class creates a new type of object, allowing new instances
of that type to be made.
• Each class instance can have attributes attached to it for maintaining its
state.
• Class instances can also have methods (defined by their class) for
modifying their state.
Syntax: Class Definition
class ClassName:
# Statement
Syntax: Object Definition
obj = ClassName()
print(obj.atrr)
• The class creates a user-defined data structure, which holds its own data
members and member functions, which can be accessed and used by
creating an instance of that class.
• A class is like a blueprint for an object.
❖ Some points on Python class:
➢ Classes are created by keyword class.
➢ Attributes are the variables that belong to a class.
➢ Attributes are always public and can be accessed using the dot (.)
operator.
Eg.: My class.Myattribute
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Python Programming
❖ Creating a Python Class
Here, the class keyword indicates that you are creating a class followed by
the name of the class
Example:
class Dog:
sound = "bark"
❖ Object of Python Class
An Object is an instance of a Class. A class is like a blueprint while an instance
is a copy of the class with actual values.
An object consists of:
➢ State: It is represented by the attributes of an object. It also reflects
the properties of an object.
➢ Behavior: It is represented by the methods of an object. It also
reflects the response of an object to other objects.
➢ Identity: It gives a unique name to an object and enables one object
to interact with other objects.
❖ Declaring Claas Objects (Also called instantiating a class)
When an object of a class is created, the class is said to be instantiated. All the
instances share the attributes and the behavior of the class. But the values of
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Python Programming
those attributes, i.e. the state are unique for each object. A single class may
have any number of instances.
Example:
❖ Example of Python Class and object
Creating an object in Python involves instantiating a class to create a new
instance of that class. This process is also referred to as object instantiation.
# Python3 program to
# demonstrate instantiating
# a class
class Dog:
# A simple class
# attribute
attr1 = "mammal"
attr2 = "dog"
# A sample method
def fun(self):
print("I'm a", self.attr1)
print("I'm a", self.attr2)
# Driver code ©Topperworld
# Object instantiation
Python Programming
Output:
mammal
I'm a mammal
I'm a dog
❖ Self Parameter
When we call a method of this object as myobject.method(arg1, arg2), this is
automatically converted by Python into MyClass.method(myobject, arg1,
arg2) – this is all the special self is about.
Example:
class GFG:
def __init__(self, name, company):
self.name = name
self.company = company
def show(self):
print("Hello my name is " + self.name+" and I" +
" work in "+self.company+".")
obj = GFG("John", "Topper World")
obj.show()
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Python Programming
Output:
Hello my name is John and I work in GeeksForGeeks.
❖ Pass Statement
• The program’s execution is unaffected by the pass statement’s inaction.
It merely permits the program to skip past that section of the code
without doing anything.
• It is frequently employed when the syntactic constraints of Python
demand a valid statement but no useful code must be executed.
Example:
class MyClass:
pass
❖ Class and Instance Variables
• Instance variables are for data, unique to each instance and class
variables are for attributes and methods shared by all instances of the
class.
• Instance variables are variables whose value is assigned inside a
constructor or method with self whereas class variables are variables
whose value is assigned in the class.
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