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Law of Tangents: Proof, Formula, Theorem & Solved Examples

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Collegedunia Team
Content Curator
CBSE CLASS XI
The difference and sum of sides of a right triangle and tangents of half of the difference and sum of corresponding angles are
described by the rules of tangent (Law of Tan). It depicts the relationship between the length of the opposing sides and the tangent Mathematics
of two triangle angles. The law of tangents, like the laws of sines and cosines, may be applied to a non-right triangle and is just as
effective. From the congruence of triangles notion, it may be utilized to discover the remaining sections of a triangle if two angles
and one side or two sides and one angle are supplied. These are side-angle-side(SAS) and angle-side-angle(ASA). Mathematics Pr

Also read: Isosceles Triangle Theorems Sequence and Serie

mples

Table of Content Measures of Disper

elative measure

1. Law of Tangents Formula Events and their Ty

2. Law of Tangents Proof
Angle between two
3. Alternative Proof Law of Tangents
ormulae
4. Law of Tangents Statements and Reason
Mathematics: Latu
5. Things to Remember
ion, Equation, Exam
6. Sample Questions ns

Pascal’s Triangle: C
ttern, Properties
Key Terms: Triangle, Circle, Squares, rectangle, Rhombus, Parallelogram, Trapezium
Ellipse: Standard Eq
mula
Law of Tangents Formula [Click Here for Sample Questions]
Circle: Definition, Eq
Assume a right triangle ABC with sides a, b, and c, respectively, opposite to angles A, B, and C. The rules of a tangent then give us
the following three relationships: Geometric Progres
Terms, Formula

Conic Sections: For

les

Parabola: Graph, G
e, Latus Rectum, Fo
mple Questions

Horizontal and Ver

mples & Equations

Conic Sections: Par

Circle

The eccentricity of
Triangle ABC mula, Values for dif
ample Questions
A−B
tan( )
a−b 2

= ……(1) Complex Numbers

a+b A+B
tan( )
2

Real Valued Functi

Examples
Similarly, for other sides

B−C
Latus Rectum of P
b−c
tan(
2
)
& Derivation
= ……(2)
b+c B+C
tan( )
2

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6/1/24, 12:57 PM Law of Tangents: Proof, Formula, Theorem & Solved Examples
C−A

c−a
tan(
2
)
Venn Diagrams: Sy
c+a
=
C+A
……(3) ations & Examples
tan( )
2

Types of Events in P
We may rewrite the previous law of tangents equation as tan (-) = -tan for any angle since tan (-) = -tan for any angle.
Types of Sets: Wha
tan(
B−A
)
ols
b−a 2

b+a
=
B+A
……(4)
tan( )
2

Mathematics NC
Similarly, for other sides
Factorial Formula:
C−B

c−b
tan(
2
) cation
= ……(5)
c+b C+B
tan(
2
)
Multiplication Rule
Solved Examples
A−C
tan( )
2
a−c
= ……(6) Logarithms: Rules,
a+c A+C
tan( )
2

Mathematical Logi
n and Negation
When a>b, b>c, and c>a the formulas (1), (2), and (3) are used, and when b>a, c>b, and a>c, the formulas (4), (5), and (6) are used.
Value of Log 1: Log
Read more: Angle Formula of In 1, Logarithmic

Solving Inequalities
Law of Tangents Proof [Click Here for Sample Questions]
Tautology: Operato
In any triangle ABC, uth Table

Quotient Rule: Defin

ns and Sample Que

Conjugate of a Com
Properties and Equ

Difference between
nd Properties

Read more: Line Segment

Alternative Proof Law of Tangents [Click Here for Sample Questions]

According to the law of sines, in any triangle ABC,

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6/1/24, 12:57 PM Law of Tangents: Proof, Formula, Theorem & Solved Examples

Similarly, formula 2 and 3 can be proved.

Read more: Vertex

Law of Tangents Statements and Reason [Click Here for Sample Questions]
The statements and the reasons related to it are mentioned in table below.

Statements Reason

a b c

sin A
=
sin B
=
sin C
Applying sine rule to the triangle ABC.

a b

sin A
=
sin B
= d Equating a ratio to a constant.

a b

sin A
= d and sin B
= d Equating each ratio to a constant ‘d’

a = d Sin A and b = d Sin B Cross Multiplication

a + b = d Sin A + d Sin B = d (Sin A + Sin B) → (1) Sum of ‘a’ and ‘b’

a - b = d Sin A - d Sin B = d (Sin A - Sin B) → (2) Difference between ‘a’ and ‘b’

M +N M −N
sin M + sin N = 2 sin( ) cos( )
2 2

Trigonometric Identities
M +N M −N
sin M − sin N = 2 cos( ) sin( )
2 2

a−b d(sin A−sin B) sin A−sin B

= = Dividing 1 and 2
a+b d(sin A+sin B) sin A+sin B

A+B A−B
2 cos(
2
) sin(
2
)
Substituting the trigonometric identities in the above
2 sin(
A+B

2
) cos(
A−B

2
) equation

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6/1/24, 12:57 PM Law of Tangents: Proof, Formula, Theorem & Solved Examples

A−B
tan( )
a−b 2

a+b
=
A+B
By definition, Tan R = Sin R / Cos R
tan( )
2

Also Read: Introduction to Constructions

Things To Remember
The ratio of the tangent of half the sum and tangent of half the difference of the angles opposite the respective sides is equal to
the ratio of the sum and difference of any two sides of a triangle.
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, a Persian mathematician, established the law of tangents for triangles in the 13th century. For spherical
triangles, he explained the law of tangents.
The tangent of the difference between two sides and the tangent of their total is equal to the tangent of the half of the
difference between their opposing angles and the tangent of half of their sum, according to the spherical law of tangents. The
spherical law of tangents is given as follows for a triangle with angles A, B, and C opposing the sides 'a', 'b', and 'c', respectively:
a−b A−B
tan( ) tan( )
2 2

=
a+b A+B
tan( ) tan( )
2 2

Also read: Difference between Sequence and Series

Sample Questions

Ques. Solve the triangle ABC given a = 5, b = 3, and ∠C = 96° and find the value of A – B. (4 Marks)
Ans.∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
∠A + ∠B= 180°- ∠C = 180° – 96° = 84°
By law of tangents,

for a triangle ABC with sides a, b and c respective to the angles A , B and C is given by,
A−B
tan( )
a−b 2

=
a+b A+B
tan( )
2

Therefore,
1
tan (A−B)
5−3 2
=
5+3 1 ∘
tan (84 )
2

1 2 ∘
⇒ tan (A − B) = tan 42 = 0.2251
2 8

1 ∘
⇒ (A − B) = 12.7
2

∘
⇒ A − B = 25.4

Ques. If in the triangle ABC, C = π/6, b = √3 and a = 1 find the other angles and the third side. (4 Marks)

Ques. In triangle ABC, a = 10, b = 7, and ∠C = 96°. Find the value of A – B. (4 Marks)

Ques. In triangle ABC, a = 9, b = 3, and ∠C = 96°. Find the value of A – B. (4 Marks)

Ques. In triangle ABC, a = 8, b = 4, and ∠C = 80°. Find the value of A – B. (4 Marks)

Ques. In triangle ABC, a = 6, b = 2, and ∠C = 80°. Find the value of A – B. (4 Marks)

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6/1/24, 12:57 PM Law of Tangents: Proof, Formula, Theorem & Solved Examples

Ques. In triangle ABC, a = 9, b = 3, and ∠C = 70°. Find the value of A – B. (4 Marks)

Ques. In triangle ABC, a = 10, b = 5, and ∠C = 96°. Find the value of A – B. (4 Marks)
Read More:

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Calculus Formula Definite Integral Formula Determinant Formula

Probability Conditional Probability Independent Events

Bayes’ Theorem Multiplication Theorem on Probability Theoretical Probability

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6/1/24, 12:57 PM Law of Tangents: Proof, Formula, Theorem & Solved Examples
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